Video & Transcript Research : 'grid modernization'
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FL
Transcript Highlights:
- It modernizes the statute by updating or eliminating statutory provisions that are obsolete or no longer
- provisions regarding metropolitan planning organizations; creates a next-generation traffic signal modernization
- provisions regarding metropolitan planning organizations; creates a next-generation traffic signal modernization
- This Senate bill addresses the need to modernize Florida's home health regulations to ensure greater
- The Senate bill addresses the need to modernize Florida's home health regulations to ensure greater workforce
Summary:
The Senate convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a series of introductions and moments of silence recognizing recent tragedies and public figures, including students affected by the FSU shooting, John Thrasher, Coach Amir Abdur-Rahim, and conservation and youth groups visiting the chamber. The body also adopted Senate Resolution 1878 honoring Coach Abdur-Rahim and Senate Resolution 1892 recognizing Florida Wildlife Corridor Week.
The chamber then moved through a long special-order calendar, passing several bills with little or no opposition. Measures approved included child care and early learning provider regulation updates (SB 738, 37-0), false reporting/swatting penalties and cost recovery (SB 726, 38-0), health care billing and collection protections/medical debt (SB 656, 38-0), hazardous walking conditions for schoolchildren (SB 650, 38-0), young adult housing support for foster and homeless students (SB 584, 38-0), the Family Empowerment Scholarship Program disclosure bill (SB 508, 37-1), trust fund interest for court-approved purposes after a debated amendment (SB 498, 28-10), transportation and traffic-safety changes including school bus camera hearings and micromobility rules (SB 462, 37-0), public records exemptions for AHCA investigators and JQC/appellate court clerks (SB 342, 34-4; SB 302, 35-3; SB 300, 35-3), municipal water and sewer utility rate fairness for Miami Gardens/North Miami Beach (SB 202/HB 11, 36-2), motor vehicle offenses involving obscured plates and impersonation (SB 44/HB 253, 36-0), trespass at large-scale ticketed events and law-enforcement-controlled sites (SB 1828/HB 1447, 35-1), patient refund of overpayments (SB 1808, 37-0), stem cell therapy standards (SB 1768, 37-0), insulin administration by direct support professionals and relatives (SB 1736/HB 1567, 38-0), and pre-arranged transportation services/rideshare impersonation (SB 1696/HB 1525, 37-0). Several bills were temporarily postponed, including cardiac emergencies, chemicals and consumer products, motor vehicle manufacturers and franchise dealers, and education.
Debate centered most heavily on the trust fund interest bill, with supporters arguing it would stabilize funding and better reflect market rates, and opponents warning it would sharply reduce legal aid funding and hurt access to justice. The transportation bill also drew extensive questions and amendments, including removal of a speed-limit increase, changes to school bus infraction hearing procedures, micromobility regulation, and flood-wake enforcement. The municipal water bill prompted constitutional and fairness concerns, while the public records bills were defended as necessary to protect investigators and court personnel from doxing and harassment. Most measures ultimately passed with strong bipartisan support, though the scholarship disclosure bill and trust fund interest bill drew the most visible dissent.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 04/07/25
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- agencies simply cannot afford the level of instruction needed to meet the expectations we all have for modern
- <00:04:16.880>
all <00:04:17.120>have <00:04:17.519>for <00:04:17.840>modern - expectations we all have for modern expectations we all have for modern policing.<00:04:19.280><
- First, modernizing the American Indian Cultural Programming Statute, which we've talked about, brings
- Next, chapter 2940 repeal, the hearings and release unit codification proposal, modernizes oversight
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs Mar 31st, 2025
Water, Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- We're aiming to modernize Texas law.
- Senate Bill 1442 updates Texas law to align with this decision and modernizes veterinary practice, subject
- We strongly support Senate Bill 1267, which will modernize vessel titling and registration in Texas,
- Additionally, modernizing the system will improve law enforcement's ability to identify stolen boats,
- It will also position Texas as a leader in modernizing... ...the boating industry and supporting economic
Bills:
SB34, SB119, SB261, SB532, SB1035, SB1245, SB1247, SB1267, SB1442, SB1930, SB1948, SB2078, SB2112, SB2143, SB2155
Keywords:
wildfire, wildfire mitigation, wildfire prevention, volunteer fire department, Texas A&M Forest Service, West Texas A&M University, prescribed burning, fuel loading, fuel reduction, firefighting equipment database, emergency communications, disaster preparedness, rural fire protection, asset hardening, natural resource management, emergency management, large wildfire risk, fire grant funding, fire suppression, Texas Legislature
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
House - Consumer and Public Affairs Feb 4th, 2025
House Consumer & Public Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Make no mistake: what we're looking at is modern-day slavery.
- That was hollow in the face of what you've heard today in the headlines of these modern-day slave owners
- That's slavery; the modern-day slavery happens in our own districts.
- This is changes to the Graduate Scholarship Act, which modernizes the Graduate Scholarship Act by removing
- Reyes can help explain how that modernization makes more sense in this context.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, July 17, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- New technologies are modernizing legacy infrastructure and unlocking innovative solutions to improve
- New<01:41:40.880>
technologies <01:41:41.520>are <01:41:41.760>modernizing <01:41 - :42.800>
legacy New technologies are modernizing legacy New technologies are modernizing legacy - They demonstrated an awareness of the needs of the modern financial sector here in the United States.
- needed to usher in this modern needed to usher in this modern technology.<02:16:58.479>
We're
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Aging and Independence Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Aging and Independence
Transcript Highlights:
- an act relative to assisted living residences in the Commonwealth, reflect a meaningful effort to modernize
- bolster emergency preparedness and safety by reviewing ALR building classification standards and modernizing
- bolster emergency preparedness and safety by reviewing ALR building classification standards and modernizing
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Aging and Independence held a hearing on two assisted living bills, Senate 3057 and House 5376, which would create an Assisted Living Residence Trust Fund to support certification staffing, compliance reviews, complaint investigations, ombudsman services, public reporting, appeals, and oversight. Testimony from MassALA, AARP, and the Long-Term Care Ombudsman generally supported the bills and the dedicated funding stream, but MassALA urged amendments to expand career pathways for staff through certified medication aides and to add guardrails on the use of fines as a funding source. The Ombudsman supported the fund and emphasized the need for additional staffing to better serve the state’s assisted living residents. Committee members asked for draft amendment language, and the chairs indicated they were open to further discussion, especially on fines and CMA language.
The committee then heard testimony on Senate 3056 and House 5243 regarding medication administration in rest homes. Providers, including the Massachusetts Association of Residential Care Homes, LeadingAge Massachusetts, and several rest home operators, opposed proposed Department of Public Health changes that would eliminate the long-standing “responsible person” model and move rest homes toward the Medication Administration Program (MAP). Witnesses said the current model has been used for decades, is tailored to rest homes, and is essential to affordability, staffing stability, and resident continuity of care; they warned that replacing it with MAP or nurse-only administration would raise costs, worsen workforce shortages, and could force closures or resident displacement. They asked the committee to support legislation preserving responsible persons’ authority to administer medications while improving training and oversight.
Committee members asked questions about the history of the responsible person model, how medication administration works day to day, whether other states use similar systems, and whether data exist comparing medication error rates under MAP and the current model. The chairs said they were still reviewing building-code-related recommendations raised in the assisted living discussion and noted that some issues might be better addressed through a task force. The hearing concluded after testimony and questions, and the committee voted to adjourn.
OR
OR
Transcript Highlights:
- While I am in full support of modernizing our... ...judgment panel.
- While I am in full support of modernizing our processes around cost modeling, we must do it in partnership
- If we are serious about modernizing the QEM, which I am, we must listen to people doing the work, the
Summary:
The Senate convened with the Pledge of Allegiance and an invocation by Senator Starr, followed by several courtesies recognizing Pride Month, a staff birthday, and later a retirement and a community celebration. Senator Robinson then used remonstrances to warn against expanding surveillance through school bus camera systems, arguing that leaked plans from a vendor could create commercial databases of drivers’ movements and erode privacy.
The main business was confirmation of numerous gubernatorial appointments and reappointments to boards and commissions. Senators debated the process at length, with several minority members objecting that the volume of nominees, limited hearing time, and lack of transparency made meaningful advice-and-consent review difficult. Supporters responded that the nominees were qualified public servants and that the Senate should work with the Governor’s office on reforms. The Senate first confirmed a large block of appointments, then confirmed two Sustainability Board appointees, and later confirmed three Quality Education Commission appointees after extended debate.
The Quality Education Commission nominations drew the most substantive policy discussion. Opponents argued the commission needs more technical research expertise and broader representation, while supporters emphasized the nominees’ education experience and direct knowledge of Oregon schools. Several senators described Oregon’s education system as in crisis, citing low reading and math proficiency, chronic absenteeism, and the need for urgent reform of the Quality Education Model and school funding. The Senate also received a proposed rule amendment creating an official Senate seal, which was distributed and held on the table, and the chamber adjourned without further action.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
2026 Legislative Session - Day Fifty Eight - Monday, April 27
Missouri House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- In the modern world, the cyber domain means the whole world is under threat.
- It'll make our citizens more safe, modernized for natural disasters, which the Guard responds to, like
- Broad bipartisan bill, it'll make our citizens more safe, modernized for natural disasters, which the
Summary:
The House opened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, then approved the House Journal for the 57th day by a 125-0 roll call vote. The chamber then spent significant time on points of personal privilege honoring former member Kenny Waller and commemorating Keaton O’Neill of Rawls County, a teenager who died after a battle with brain cancer; the House observed a moment of silence for O’Neill. Members also introduced several special guests, including military family members, interns, and relatives, and the Speaker announced committee reports and Senate messages.
The House took up several Senate-amended bills. On House Bills 2637 and 3155, the House voted to refuse the Senate substitute and request the Senate recede, with a conference committee to be formed if needed. Members discussed the bill’s technical sentencing and effective-date changes, sex offender registry revisions, drone restrictions tied to World Cup events, health care treatment provisions, and prosecutor salary-related language. The House then adopted and finally passed House Bill 2593, the military and veterans bill, by 137-1 and 138-1 votes after debate highlighting expanded military leave, TRICARE and Service Members Civil Relief Act protections, cybersecurity and emergency-response provisions, and National Guard benefits. House Bill 2974, dealing with licensed reciprocity and telehealth access, plus interstate compacts for certain health professions, was adopted and finally passed by 109-29 and 108-30 votes. House Bill 2108, a land conveyance and local infrastructure measure for Jefferson City’s viaduct area and related property transfers, was adopted and finally passed by 138-1 and 138-2 votes after discussion of safety, parking, and additional property language.
The House also received Senate messages stating that the Senate refused to recede on HB 2596 and on HB 2637/3155, and appointed conference committees for those bills. The Speaker named House conferees and also appointed conference committees for budget bills HB 2002 through HB 2013. The day ended with committee meeting announcements and adjournment until Tuesday, April 28, 2026, at 10 a.m.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- Without clear, modern definitions, we leave our courts and businesses playing head games.
- Without clear modern definitions, we leave our courts and businesses playing head games with terminology
- realized that our current statutes are a long, long way from home when it comes to the realities of modern
Bills:
HR38, HR96, HR160, HCR31, HCR61, HB578, HB668, HB1198, SCR19, SB66, SB68, SB76, SB139, SB336, SB475
Keywords:
privacy rights, surveillance, USA Patriot Act, FISA, Fourth Amendment, civil liberties, government oversight, civil bench warrants, judgment debtors, notification process, judgment debtor examination, Louisiana State Law Institute, property transfer, public records doctrine, bad faith, real estate law, HCR 31, House Concurrent Resolution 31, foreign entities, foreign corporation
Summary:
The House Civil Law and Procedure Committee met on the 22nd and considered a series of resolutions and bills, many of them requesting Louisiana State Law Institute studies. HCR 31, asking the Institute to study the use of the term “foreign” in state law as it applies to juridical persons, was reported favorably. HCR 38, urging Congress to reform FISA and the FISA Court to restore privacy protections, was also reported favorably. HCR 61, directing a study of expropriation issues related to carbon capture and sequestration, and HCR 96, directing a study of civil bench warrant recall and debtor notification practices, were both reported favorably. Chairman Muscarello’s HCR 160, requesting a study of property transfer provisions and the public records doctrine in light of the SimSport State Bank v. Roy matter, was likewise reported favorably.
The committee also advanced several substantive bills. SB 68, a constitutional amendment to give the Louisiana Supreme Court authority to discipline out-of-state attorneys in certain circumstances, was amended and reported with amendments. SB 76, which codifies and revises standards for modifying child custody judgments, including a five-year rule and definitions distinguishing consent judgments from considered decrees, was reported as amended. SCR 19, requesting a study of extended-duration trusts and possible revisions to the Louisiana Trust Code, was reported favorably. SB 336, allowing civil investigative demands in Medicaid fraud False Claims Act investigations, and SB 139, capping interest on certain claims against the state or political subdivisions at 6%, were both reported favorably.
Later, the committee approved HB 1198, which prohibits arbitration of child custody and visitation disputes and bars enforcement of foreign custody laws that conflict with Louisiana public policy or constitutional protections. Members questioned whether such arbitration was currently occurring, and the author said the bill was intended to close a potential gap. The committee also reported favorably SB 66, which prioritizes testimony from medical experts and other professionals in child abuse, neglect, and custody-related cases so they are not kept waiting unnecessarily. Testimony in support emphasized the burden on providers and nonprofits when hearings are repeatedly continued. Throughout the meeting, motions to report the measures favorably or with amendments were adopted without objection, and one bill, HB 668, was voluntarily deferred by its author.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Joint Legislative Budget Commission Apr 17th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- The child care providers, and so I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- Child care providers, and so I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- This new program will modernize, stabilize, and sustain rural health systems across rural areas throughout
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Joint Legislative Budget Commission Apr 17th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- The child care providers, and I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- Child care providers, and I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- This new program will modernize, stabilize, and sustain rural health systems across rural areas throughout
Summary:
The Legislative Budget Commission considered 21 budget amendments, most of them routine authority adjustments tied to federal grants, Medicaid payment programs, and trust fund realignments. The Department of Education received $14.751 million for a Preschool Development Grant to support early learning system improvements, workforce credentialing and training, IT modernization, and related early childhood certification work. The Department of Veterans Affairs shifted $2.2 million within its trust fund to cover higher nursing home occupancy, replace contract nursing with OPS staff, and meet rising operating costs. The Department of Health moved about $9.1 million to support Disability Determinations, where roughly 140,000 cases were pending or in process, and said the change would help reduce backlog and avoid a deficit. The Agency for Health Care Administration presented multiple amendments for Medicaid-related programs, including $766 million for indirect medical education, $1.9 million for managed care network adequacy audits, $209 million for the Rural Health Transformation Program, and several large supplemental payment programs for hospitals and physicians; members asked about CMS approval delays, provider access, and how rural funds would be distributed. The commission also adopted an amendment realigning KidCare funds, placing a $32.1 million surplus into reserve, though several members objected that the state had not yet implemented the 2023 KidCare expansion and that children remained on a wait list. Another Medicaid amendment placed a $376 million surplus into reserve after updated estimating conference projections.
Other agencies also received approvals. FDLE received $16.26 million to buy counter-unmanned aircraft systems equipment such as radar and RF sensors to detect and mitigate drone threats. The Department of Juvenile Justice received $1.6 million for the Florida Scholars Academy and a Social Services Block Grant realignment, with staff confirming corrective action had been taken after prior audit findings about allowable SSBG spending. The Division of Emergency Management received federal pass-through authority for FIFA World Cup security and counter-UAS funds, both controlled by the Miami host committee, and members noted the state had little direct oversight over how those local grants would be used. The Department of Commerce received $148.4 million for Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery work, with questions focused on the split between housing, infrastructure, and administrative costs. The Department of State received $408,377 for arts and culture federal grant obligations. All amendments were adopted, generally without objection, after brief questioning and no public testimony.
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
Joint Legislative Budget Commission Apr 17th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- The child care providers, and I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- Child care providers, and I believe that's with our modernization of our IT systems.
- This new program will modernize, stabilize, and sustain rural health systems across rural areas throughout
Summary:
The Legislative Budget Commission met to consider 21 budget amendments, beginning with the Department of Education’s request for $14.751 million in federal grant authority for the Preschool Development Grant. Members asked whether any funds would support VPK or provider payments; the department said the money is for birth-to-kindergarten early learning work, including IT modernization, workforce credentialing, training, and streamlining director certification. The amendment was adopted without objection.
The commission then approved amendments for the Department of Veterans Affairs to shift $2.2 million within its trust fund to cover higher nursing home occupancy and reduce staffing agency use, and for the Department of Health to realign about $9.1 million for disability determinations amid a backlog of roughly 140,000 cases. The Agency for Health Care Administration presented multiple Medicaid-related amendments, including $766 million for indirect medical education, $1.9 million for managed care network adequacy audits, $209 million for the Rural Health Transformation Program, and several large supplemental payment programs for KidCare, hospitals, physicians, cancer hospitals, nursing IME, and public hospital payments. Members questioned network adequacy, rural access, and the KidCare surplus and expansion; the KidCare realignment drew debate, with some members objecting because the 2023 eligibility expansion has not been implemented, but the amendment passed on a roll call vote.
Other amendments adopted included FDLE’s $16.3 million for counter-UAS detection and mitigation equipment, DJJ’s $1.6 million for Florida Scholars Academy and a Social Services Block Grant realignment, and emergency management pass-throughs for FIFA World Cup security and counter-drone funding to the Miami host committee. The Department of Commerce received $148.4 million for disaster recovery under the CDBG-DR program, with questions about the split between housing, infrastructure, and administrative costs. The Department of State also received $408,377 for arts and culture grant authority. Most amendments were adopted without objection, and the commission adjourned after completing the agenda.
WV
West Virginia 2026 Regular Session
Senate in Session Mar 11th, 2026 at 08:02 pm
West Virginia Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Insurance has had under consideration Engrossed Committee Substitute for House Bill 5515, relating to modernizing
- Engrossed Committee Substitute for House Bill 5515, relating to modernizing and updating workers' compensation
- Engrossed Committee Substitute for House Bill 5515, relating to modernizing and updating workers' compensation
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- The bill modernizes outdated processes, clarifies confusing statutes, and improves transparency for homeowners
- We support modernization. We support responsible use of private providers.
- The bill modernizes licensure pathways and expands opportunities for individuals entering the funeral
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Agriculture, Environment, and General Government Jan 14th, 2026
Appropriations Committee on Agriculture, Environment, and General Government
Transcript Highlights:
- By modernizing our vehicle fleet, we ensure that we can continue the critical work of inspectors, investigators
- The division could offer more competitive salaries and attract new talent to maintain and help modernize
- The governor has recommended $69 million to modernize buildings in the Florida facilities pool to improve
Summary:
The committee first took up confirmation of five water management district appointees: Ted Everett and Jerome Pate to the Northwest Florida Water Management District, Michael Romano to the Big Cypress Basin Board of the South Florida Water Management District, and Paul Bissfam, John Hall, and Virginia Johns to the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Senator McClain moved confirmation, the roll was called, and the committee recommended all appointees favorably.
Members then received the Governor’s Florida First budget presentations for environmental agencies. The environmental package totaled about $5.8 billion and emphasized Everglades restoration, water quality, resilience, land conservation, state parks, hazardous waste cleanup, wildlife management, wildfire response, and citrus support. DEP highlighted more than $1.4 billion for water resources, including $810 million for Everglades restoration, $202 million for Resilient Florida, $150 million for Florida Forever, $70 million for state parks, and $221 million for contamination cleanup. FWC, Agriculture, and Citrus funding priorities were also outlined. Members asked about Florida Forever funding, state park wastewater and septic needs, a reduction at the Florida Wildlife Research Institute, and beach renourishment funding for storm damage.
The committee also heard the General Government portion of the budget, which totaled about $2.9 billion and covered DBPR, Lottery, Financial Services, Management Services, Revenue, PERC, and the Gaming Control Commission. DBPR requested funds for license processing, an animal abuse hotline, fleet replacement, and IT retention. FGCC sought new enforcement squads and an IT licensing/enforcement system. The Lottery proposed marketing, retail engagement, IT, and retention funding. DMS emphasized building modernization, fleet telematics, 911 and radio upgrades, cybersecurity, a local government cybersecurity grant program, and data interoperability. PERC described a sharp increase in labor cases and elections after SB 256 and requested staffing, election administration, and hearing officer pay increases. DFS highlighted My Safe Florida Home, fire marshal and first responder support, financial investigations, and gold and silver legal tender implementation. Revenue requested operational and IT funding and support for fiscally constrained counties. Questions focused on DBPR’s condo and HOA initiatives, cybersecurity grant reductions, and the My Safe Florida Home program’s abandoned grants and matching requirements. No additional votes were taken, and the committee adjourned.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
November 4, 2025 - 04:30 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- This program represents the largest federal investment in rural health since the Medicare Modernization
- to replace our system if they're already in place by 9/25/2025. and you're looking to upgrade or modernize
- It can be used to modernize one, however.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- To address this deficit and prepare students for high wage, high demand careers in modern economy, Texas
- These goals help modernize our education system and better align it with Texas's economic priorities.
- These modifications will enable UT Austin to build two state of the art hospitals and modernize the north
Keywords:
hemp, consumable hemp products, hemp-derived cannabinoids, CBD, cannabidiol, CBG, cannabigerol, Texas hemp law, hemp regulation, cannabinoid products, delta-9 THC, intoxicating hemp, hemp gummies, hemp vape, retail registration, product registration, QR code labeling, child-resistant packaging, youth access, minor sales
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- concerns, it is essential that all security personnel have access to the necessary equipment." to modern
- By modernizing duress laws, we can better protect survivors and ensure that the legal system recognizes
- The statute on toxicology evidence storage, to reflect modern needs and capabilities, will reduce storage
Bills:
SB614, SB872, SB1199, SB1212, SB1278, SB1573, SB1588, SB1602, SB1660, SB1704, SB1723, SB1833, SB1858, SB1946, SB2009, SB2146, SB2177, SB2373, SB2460, SB2785
Keywords:
forensic science, capital writs, criminal justice, case review, Texas Forensic Science Commission, SB 872, burglary of a vehicle, vehicle burglary, theft of a firearm, stolen gun, firearm theft, Penal Code Section 30.04, third-degree felony, Class A misdemeanor, criminal penalty enhancement, gun theft, vehicle break-in, property crime, sentencing enhancement, Texas criminal law
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- of heightened school security concerns, it is essential that all security personnel have access to modern
- By modernizing duress laws, we acknowledge the true nature of exploitation and ensure that survivors
- Updating the statute on toxicology evidence storage to reflect modern needs and capabilities will reduce
Bills:
SB 614, SB 872, SB 1199, SB 1212, SB 1278, SB 1573, SB 1588, SB 1602, SB 1660, SB 1704, SB 1723, SB 1833, SB 1858, SB 1946, SB 2009, SB 2146, SB 2177, SB 2373, SB 2460, SB 2785
Keywords:
forensic science, capital writs, criminal justice, case review, Texas Forensic Science Commission, SB 872, burglary of a vehicle, vehicle burglary, theft of a firearm, stolen gun, firearm theft, Penal Code Section 30.04, third-degree felony, Class A misdemeanor, criminal penalty enhancement, gun theft, vehicle break-in, property crime, sentencing enhancement, Texas criminal law