New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

New York Assembly Bill A03241

Introduced
1/27/25  
Refer
1/27/25  

Caption

Relates to the justified use of physical force; removes requirement that a person facing an imminent physical threat must retreat; provides immunity from civil and criminal liability.

Summary

Bill A03241 seeks to amend New York's penal law, criminal procedure law, and civil practice law to clarify the justified use of physical force in self-defense situations. The bill removes the duty to retreat when faced with an imminent threat and provides immunity from civil and criminal liability for individuals who use reasonable force in defense of themselves or others. Additionally, it stipulates that courts must instruct juries not to consider the possibility of retreat when evaluating the reasonableness of the use of deadly force in self-defense cases.

Impact

If enacted, this bill would significantly alter the legal landscape regarding self-defense in New York. It would enable individuals to use physical force without the obligation to retreat, potentially leading to an increase in self-defense claims in both criminal and civil cases. The bill also introduces new provisions that protect individuals from liability when they act in self-defense, which may influence how courts handle such cases moving forward.

Sentiment

The sentiment surrounding Bill A03241 appears to be mixed, with supporters advocating for the rights of individuals to defend themselves without fear of legal repercussions, while opponents express concerns about the potential for increased violence and misuse of the law. The lack of recorded votes or committee discussions makes it difficult to gauge the full extent of public and legislative support or opposition.

Contention

Notable points of contention include the removal of the retreat requirement, which some lawmakers and advocacy groups argue could lead to unnecessary violence in confrontational situations. Proponents of the bill argue that the right to defend oneself should not be hindered by a duty to retreat, particularly in one's own home. The debate centers around balancing individual rights to self-defense with public safety considerations.

Companion Bills

NY S01473

Same As Relates to the justified use of physical force; removes requirement that a person facing an imminent physical threat must retreat; provides immunity from civil and criminal liability.

Previously Filed As

NY S01120

Relates to the justified use of physical force; removes requirement that a person facing an imminent physical threat must retreat; provides immunity from civil and criminal liability.

NY S01473

Relates to the justified use of physical force; removes requirement that a person facing an imminent physical threat must retreat; provides immunity from civil and criminal liability.

NY HB5414

Relating to certain criminal conduct involving agricultural land, including the justified use of force or deadly force to protect agricultural land from that conduct, and to civil liability arising out of certain justified threats to use force or deadly force; creating a criminal offense.

NY HF2693

A bill for an act relating to immunity from criminal or civil liability in cases involving the justifiable use of reasonable force.(Formerly HF 668.)

NY HF668

A bill for an act relating to immunity from criminal or civil liability in cases involving the justifiable use of reasonable force.(See HF 2693.)

NY HB408

Relating to self-defense, to amend Section 13A-3-23, Code of Alabama 1975, to provide a person's use of physical force in defending himself, herself, or another person is presumed reasonable; to further provide for the immunity received by a person whose use of physical force on another person is justified self-defense; to shift the burden of proving a person's use of physical force is not justified to the state; and to make nonsubstantive, technical revisions to update the existing code language to current style

NY SB1730

Relating to civil liability arising out of justified uses of or threats to use force or deadly force.

NY HB111

Relating to civil liability arising out of justified uses of or threats to use force or deadly force.

NY HB117

Justifiable homicide; clarify immunity from prosecution and civil liability.

NY HB1279

(New Title) relative to the use of physical force in defense of a person and relative to authorization of seclusion or restraint during a personal safety emergency by a physician, physician associate, or advanced practice registered nurse.

Similar Bills

No similar bills found.