Video & Transcript Research : 'tribal members'
Page 1 of 500
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Agriculture & Natural Resources Jan 28th, 2026 at 08:00 am
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you, Madam Vice Chair, Ranking Member Dent, members of the committee.
- We are going to open the public hearing on House Bill 2578, adding tribal members to the Fish and Wildlife
- As the chair mentioned, House Bill 2578 relates to adding tribal members to the Fish and Wildlife Commission
- I'm going to ask you the same question that I asked folks yesterday who are proposing adding tribal members
- Thank you, Chair Reeves, Ranking Member Dent, and members of the committee.
Keywords:
natural climate solutions, ecosystem services, revenue generation, economic opportunities, environmental policy, water rights, adjudication, Columbia River, environmental impact, natural resources, tribal members, fish and wildlife, commission, indigenous rights, state regulation, 904, all
Summary:
The committee began with House Bill 2170, a DNR request bill that would authorize ecosystem service projects on state trust lands, including carbon and other natural climate solutions, with contracts lasting up to 125 years and Board of Natural Resources oversight. The sponsor and DNR said the bill would diversify revenue, modernize forest management, and help meet climate goals; supporters argued it would add tools without mandating changes to timber harvests. Opponents from timber companies, counties, school districts, and logging groups warned the bill could reduce harvest levels, lower trust revenue, hurt rural jobs and mills, and lock up working forests for generations. Supporters from environmental groups and some local officials said the bill would create more stable revenue, support climate and watershed benefits, and could still allow timber harvests. No vote was taken, and the chair noted HB 1508 and HB 2170 were both active ecosystem services vehicles for possible amendments.
The committee also briefly heard House Bill 2578, which would add four tribal commissioner seats and four alternates to the Fish and Wildlife Commission, with representation from federally recognized tribes on both sides of the Cascades. The staff briefing described the new positions, qualifications, staggered terms, and quorum changes. The prime sponsor said the bill would strengthen co-management and tribal-state partnership, but the hearing was suspended before public testimony and no action was taken.
Later, the committee took up House Bill 2544, a pilot process for the Upper Columbia Water Rights Adjudication. Staff explained that the bill would direct Ecology to begin the adjudication in two phases, first focusing on tribal and federal claimants and then all other claimants, with a report due in 2035. The sponsor said the bill would make a decades-long process more efficient and allow earlier settlement discussions without reducing anyone’s rights. Colville Tribes testified in support, as did other tribal representatives, saying the phased approach would improve clarity and efficiency; the hearing then moved into public testimony on the bill.
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
House Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs Committee, February 12, 2026
Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Chairman, members of the committee.
- </c><00:01:55.360><c> owned</c> tri for their own tribally owned tri for their own tribally owned vehicles
- </c> Now, if the intent is for the tribal Now, if the intent is for the tribal government<00:04:43.040
- the same way, whether they're an active component member or a Guard member.
- the same way, whether they're an active component member or a Guard member.
Keywords:
tribal governments, vehicle registration, exemption, license plates, Wind River Indian Reservation, vehicle, accident, duty to stop, felony, personal injury, death, veterans property tax exemption, ad valorem tax, property tax relief, military tax exemption, Wyoming National Guard, active duty, reserve members, surviving spouse, surviving parent
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Senate Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs Committee, February 12, 2026
Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs
Keywords:
tribal governments, vehicle registration, exemption, license plates, Wind River Indian Reservation, vehicle, accident, duty to stop, felony, personal injury, death, veterans property tax exemption, ad valorem tax, property tax relief, military tax exemption, Wyoming National Guard, active duty, reserve members, surviving spouse, surviving parent
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Senate Veterans, Military Affairs and Public Safety Committee Apr 3rd, 2025
Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- All right, we've got a quorum, members.
- If you flip to the first page, you will see a list of the committee members.
- We do want to target providers, veterans, and family members.
- We learned a lot in our discussions. members.
- to highlight that for the committee members. members, let's see page 10.
Keywords:
criminal enterprise, database, law enforcement, crime management, Alabama law, impoundment, driver licenses, vehicle redemption, local identification cards, HB295, Alabama National Guard, military punishment, non-judicial punishment, Article 15, court-martial, special court-martial, disciplinary measures, commanding officer, Adjutant General, Governor
ND
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you, Chairwoman Larson, members of the committee.
- Members of the committee, we're looking at, my name is Victoria Christian for the record from Legislative
Bills:
HB1455
Keywords:
tribal consultation, Indian Affairs Commission, tribal governments, tribal sovereignty, state-tribal relations, Native American, tribal nations, consultation requirement, legislative process, jurisdiction, sovereignty, North Dakota tribes, government-to-government consultation, tribal chairpersons, 908, all
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee took up House Bill 1489, and Victoria Christian from Legislative Council reviewed the latest 3003 version. She explained that the bill was revised to clarify language about individuals who are or were in a dating relationship, to incorporate provisions from related Senate bills, and to narrow confidentiality and hearing provisions to domestic violence and sexual assault protection order cases. She also noted a clarification on page 12 regarding certification of certain individuals under Supreme Court rules rather than by the Supreme Court itself.
Members discussed the consolidation of multiple related bills into one measure. Senator Myrdal moved Amendment 3.03 to engross House Bill 1489, and the motion passed. Senator Myrdal then moved a do pass recommendation on House Bill 1489 as amended, seconded by Senator Luick.
The committee voted in favor of the amended bill by roll call, with all members present voting yes, and the motion carried. Chair Larson then asked for a member to carry the bill to the floor, and it was agreed that the bill would be carried. The committee also discussed its remaining workload and planned to clear the rest of its calendar the following week.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
- Without proper consultation, well-intended legislation can inadvertently harm or exclude our tribal members
- and tribal neighbors. ...can inadvertently harm or exclude our tribal members and tribal neighbors.
- This could include how tribal lands are managed, policies affecting health care access for tribal members
- Madam Chair Larson and Senator Cory and committee members, ...and Senator Cory and committee members,
- You know, we have half our tribal members live off reservations, so we've got to make sure that, you
Bills:
HB1455
Keywords:
tribal consultation, Indian Affairs Commission, tribal governments, tribal sovereignty, state-tribal relations, Native American, tribal nations, consultation requirement, legislative process, jurisdiction, sovereignty, North Dakota tribes, government-to-government consultation, tribal chairpersons, 908, all
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee first heard House Bill 1455, which would require the North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission to review introduced legislation for tribal implications and conduct consultation with affected tribes. Rep. Collette Brown said the bill was intended to formalize and strengthen tribal consultation, and Standing Rock Sioux Tribe representative Ross Bell testified in support. Brad Hawk, executive director of the Indian Affairs Commission, testified neutrally, saying the office already does much of this work but that the bill would add structure; several senators raised concerns about duplication, possible future staffing costs, and whether the bill was necessary. The committee amended the bill to replace “each measure” with “all legislation,” then passed a do-not-pass recommendation on HB 1455 by recorded vote, with Sen. Luick designated as carrier.
The committee then took up House Bill 1032, dealing with municipal courts, appeals, and judge qualifications. Legislative Council and court staff walked through proposed amendments, including making municipal courts courts of record on a delayed effective date, clarifying appeal procedures, and adding standards for municipal judges. Members discussed whether to use the term “ethical standards” or “judicial conduct”; after questions about definitions and enforcement, the committee settled on replacing the language with “judicial conduct” in the amended bill. The committee adopted the amendments and then passed HB 1032 as amended on a do-pass vote, with Sen. Cory to carry.
Later, the committee heard House Bill 1263, which would make it easier for people with criminal records to seek sealing after a denial by allowing an appeal and reducing the waiting period for a new petition from three years to one year. Rep. Nels Christensen, Christopher Davis, Travis Fink, and Brad Peterson all supported the bill’s goal of giving people a better path to rehabilitation and employment. The main point of disagreement was whether to keep the statutory presumption that the benefit to the petitioner must outweigh the presumption of openness of criminal records; several witnesses urged removing that language, while others said it was part of the compromise that created the current law. The committee closed the hearing without taking final action and said it would review the House discussion before deciding later.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
- Members of the committee, Rob Hatfield, staff to this committee.
- Members, please look at it to make sure your vote is recorded accurately.
- Members, please check your vote to make sure they're recorded accurately.
- Members, check your vote to make sure they're recorded accurately.
- Well, all members please check your vote.” “All members, please check your vote.
Keywords:
housing finance, affordable housing, housing commission, state agency, financial assistance, tribal relations, government, state policy, sovereignty, federalism, HB 2514, global war on terror, GWOT, war on terror memorial, Capitol campus memorial, Washington veterans, fallen service members, military memorial, post-9/11 veterans, Iraq War
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 3/20/25
State Government Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Thank you, Madam Chair, members.
- </c><00:21:20.600><c> good</c> Education Madam chair members good Education Madam chair members good
- </c><00:35:07.400><c> and</c> past um and you can go back members and past um and you can go back members
- </c> that um uh have to consult with tribal that um uh have to consult with tribal entities<01:04:11.440
- Seeing none, I'll go to member discussion. Members, do you have any questions?
Keywords:
opioids, substance use, addiction recovery, mental health, state cabinet, HF1310, Office of Cannabis Management, cannabis, marijuana, tribal consultation, government-to-government relationship, Minnesota tribes, Tribal governments, state government, consultation, rulemaking, Indian affairs, cannabis regulation, tribal sovereignty, state-tribal relations
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Agriculture & Natural Resources Feb 19th, 2026 at 01:30 pm
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Chair, ranking member, members of the committee.
- Chair, Ranking Member, members of the committee.
- Chair and ranking members.
- Thank you, Chairman, Vice Chair, ranking member, members of the committee.
- Good afternoon, Chair Chapman, ranking member Short, and members of the committee.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Agriculture & Natural Resources Feb 23rd, 2026 at 01:30 pm
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Members of the committee, Jeff... No, it's okay. Good afternoon, Chair.
- Members of the committee, Jeff Olson, staff of the committee.
- Good afternoon, Chair Chapman, Ranking Member Short, members of the committee.
- Ranking Member Short, members of the committee.
- I would also like to thank our ranking member for good work.
Keywords:
aviation, wildland fires, funding, disaster relief, emergency response, irrigation, district director, contracts, beneficial interests, agriculture, timber sales, land sales, process efficiency, legislation, department language, tribal rights, fishing rights, salmon management, state-tribal agreements, natural resources
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:10:08.240><c> contract</c> serving students, tribal contract serving students, tribal contract
- </c> we're going to go to member questions. we're going to go to member questions.
- Thank you, Chair members.
- </c> we'll go to member questions. we'll go to member questions. >> Absolutely.
- Um, as Yuokim and members.
Keywords:
school safety, grants, education funding, Northern Lights Express, security improvements, rural schools, safe schools, charter schools, nonpublic schools, Tribal education, funding increase, safe schools aid, school security, mental health support, Tribal schools, cybersecurity, funding, mental health, evidence-based plans, public safety
MS
Mississippi 2026 Regular Session
MS Save Our Service Members Task Force - Room 216, January 12, 2026; 2:00 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- I know many people here keep uh very close contact with guard members and uh the committee or other equities
- And another member of his leadership actually lived in the Jackson area. He contacted for help.
- And another<00:03:32.080><c> member</c><00:03:32.319><c> of</c><00:03:32.480><c> his</c><00:03:32.640
- ><c> leadership</c> another member of his leadership another member of his leadership actually<00:03:
- And and and losing a family member.
Summary:
The meeting focused on veteran suicide and mental health challenges affecting Mississippi National Guard soldiers, with Colonel Chris Cookie describing recent losses in the 155th Armored Brigade Combat Team. He said that in roughly 50 days, from late September to mid-December 2025, three soldiers died by suicide, and that the unit had seen 50 to 60 suicidal ideations over the past year. He emphasized that suicide is a threat he cannot “defeat” through military training alone, and that warning signs are often hard to detect compared with battlefield threats.
Cookie identified the biggest gap as the period between drill weekends and annual training, when soldiers are back home and less connected to leadership. He said the unit does well when soldiers are together at drill or Camp Shelby, where behavioral health support is available, but struggles to reach them in between. He urged the state to create preventive and responsive support that leaders in traditional status could activate quickly, and he strongly supported expanded chaplain access because chaplains are trained in behavioral and mental health issues and may be easier for soldiers to approach without stigma.
Committee members discussed possible solutions, including a statewide chaplain rotation or on-call system, community-based support networks, and a 24/7 hotline staffed by Mississippi veterans. They also discussed legislation to have the state cover TRICARE costs for Guardsmen and to use TANF funds for related support services. Members said a draft bill was being prepared for public review, with committee reporting deadlines approaching on February 3, and that they would circulate the bill once it received a number and was posted online. The meeting ended with a motion to rise and report.
MS
Mississippi 2025 Regular Session
MS Save Our Service Members Task Force - Room 216, December 9, 2025; 10:00 AM
MS
Mississippi 2025 Regular Session
MS Save Our Service Members Task Force - Room 216, November 17, 2025; 10:00 AM
ND
North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Appropriations Apr 8th, 2025 at 08:30 am
Appropriations
Transcript Highlights:
- Chairman and members of the committee.
- Chairman and committee members, I'm going to go on to section two of the bill.
- Again, the other one was the tribal liaison. That's meant to work with NAGPRA.
- Chairman and members of the committee, what they actually agreed to is... Mr.
- Chairman and members of the committee.
Bills:
HB1603
Keywords:
Native American, grave protection, repatriation, cultural heritage, tribal compliance, 908, all
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee met with a quorum and announced it would begin meeting at 8 a.m. for the rest of the week to work through a growing bill list. The committee first approved House Bill 1603, a companion to the Historical Society budget dealing with NAGPRA, including a $500,000 matching grant to be divided among North Dakota’s five tribes and a committee to address repatriation of human remains and cultural items. The vote was unanimous, 15-0.
The committee then considered House Bill 1225, which would increase penalties for reckless endangerment involving a firearm and create a mandatory prison term. After debate over public safety concerns versus the bill’s fiscal note and prison costs, the committee adopted a do not pass recommendation by a 9-6-1 vote. Members also discussed House Bill 1018, the State Historical Society budget, and approved an amendment that adjusted one-time funding items, including NAGPRA compliance, museum exhibits, military gallery funding, local historic grants, and line-of-credit repayment. The amended bill then received a due pass recommendation by a 14-2 vote.
The committee next approved House Bill 1468, a behavioral health facility grant for St. Hayes, which supporters said would expand in-state access to acute and adolescent behavioral health care and reduce the need to send patients out of state. The bill passed 14-1. It then amended and passed House Bill 1485, increasing the personal needs allowance for certain Medicaid recipients by $15 and indexing it to inflation; the amendment and the bill as amended both passed 14-2. Finally, the committee approved House Bill 1016, the Adjutant General/National Guard budget, after adopting an amendment that funded disaster relief, response equipment, IT and website costs, and staffing changes for the watch center; the amended bill passed 14-2. The committee adjourned after completing six bills and planned to resume the next morning at 8 a.m.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Agriculture & Natural Resources Jan 27th, 2026 at 10:30 am
Agriculture & Natural Resources
Transcript Highlights:
- Tribal members rely on the forest to live, hunt, and gather cultural foods, and tribes have a voice in
- And I honored them as much as any non-tribal member could.
- And I honored them as much as any non-tribal member could.
- I want to be clear in my testimony that counties are not opposed to adding a tribal member to the Board
- Jewel, are not opposed to having a tribal member on the Board of Natural Resources.
Keywords:
tribal member, board of natural resources, indigenous representation, natural resource management, local governance, derelict vessels, marine environment, coastal management, environmental protection, maritime economy, audit, county, forest management, transparency, public lands, rodenticide, rodenticides, anticoagulant rodenticide, bromethalin, pesticide
Summary:
The House Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee held public hearings on several bills related to tribal representation, rodenticide regulation, treaty fishing rights, and county forest trust lands. On HB 2117, the committee heard testimony on adding a tribal representative to the Board of Natural Resources. The prime sponsor, DNR officials, tribal leaders, and county representatives discussed whether the new seat would improve government-to-government relations and bring tribal expertise to board decisions, while county witnesses emphasized the board’s fiduciary duties to trust beneficiaries and asked for stakeholder input. Testimony was split, and the committee recorded 192 pro, 124 con, and no other sign-ins before closing the hearing on that bill.
On HB 2516, which would impose a moratorium on certain anticoagulant rodenticides and bromethalin while requiring a state report and an Academy of Sciences study, the prime sponsor argued the bill was needed to reduce harm to children, pets, wildlife, and waterways while preserving emergency-use exceptions. Supporters included wildlife veterinarians, bird conservation advocates, the Stillaguamish Tribe, and other tribal and environmental witnesses who described secondary poisoning in raptors and other wildlife and pointed to non-toxic alternatives such as CO2 burrow treatment and rodent birth control. Opponents from the pest management industry and product associations warned the bill would remove effective tools for controlling rodent infestations, especially in low-income and manufactured-home communities, and argued the state should wait for more data and EPA action. The committee later recorded 754 pro, 176 con, and five other sign-ins.
The committee also heard HB 2554, which would repeal Initiative 456 and remove statutory language limiting recognition of tribal treaty fishing rights. The prime sponsor and agency witnesses from the Attorney General’s Office and Department of Fish and Wildlife said the initiative is unconstitutional and inconsistent with federal treaty law, and that repeal would align state law with court rulings and existing state-tribal cooperation. Finally, on HB 2327, the committee began hearing a bill directing JLARC to audit the county forest land trust and DNR’s management of county transfer lands. The prime sponsor, former Rep. Jim Buck, said the bill is intended to examine whether the trust is operating as originally intended and whether counties’ beneficiary rights are being protected; testimony on that bill had just begun when the transcript ended.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nomination of Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. Mar 6th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Finance Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm pleased to say that he is a member of the American people's National Security Council.
- nations, including establishing the Treasury Tribal Advisory Committee and the Tribal Affairs Office
- I think it's important that that Office of Tribal Affairs stays in place.
- We have 28 members, 14 Democrats, 14 Republicans on this caucus.
- Thank you very much, Ranking Member Wyden.
Keywords:
nomination, Deputy Secretary of Treasury, economic policy, inflation, tariffs, tribal nations, government relations
Summary:
The meeting convened to consider the nomination of Mike Falkender for the position of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. During the session, multiple members voiced concerns regarding current economic policies under the Trump administration, particularly around inflation, tariffs, and the impact on small businesses. Discussions frequently centered on the administration's approach to tariffs and taxation, and how these factors contribute to the rising cost of living and potential job losses. Additionally, the importance of bolstering government-to-government relationships with tribal nations was emphasized, highlighting the need for specialized offices focused on tribal affairs within the Treasury Department.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on State Government (2-6-25) - Upon Adjournment
Transcript Highlights:
- I want to take this opportunity to welcome a lot of several new members to our committee this year.
- We also have a couple of new members that were with us last year but have just gotten assigned to this
- </c><00:02:09.640><c> to</c><00:02:09.800><c> our</c> lot of several new members to our lot of several
- new members to our committee<00:02:10.479><c> this</c><00:02:10.679><c> year</c><00:02:11.599><c> I'm
- </c> committee and appreciate all the members committee and appreciate all the members uh<00:03:19.720
Keywords:
Pledge of allegiance, roll call, welcome of new members 00:00:15
Consideration of HB 313 00:03:20, 958, all
Summary:
The House State Government Committee held its first meeting of the session, established a quorum, welcomed new members, and heard only one item of business: House Bill 313, sponsored by Representative Kim King. King said the bill would add a Kentucky History Month recognition and tied it to recent local anniversary celebrations, arguing it could support education, economic development, and tourism. Kentucky Historical Society Executive Director Scott Alvi testified in support, describing the proposal as part of a broader effort to create a legacy around the nation’s 250th anniversary, coordinate statewide history events, and promote heritage tourism.
Members asked why June was chosen and whether an emergency clause should be added so the measure could take effect in time for this June. King said June was selected because it aligns with Statehood Day and Boone Day and leads into July 4th, and she said she was open to the emergency-clause idea, though any amendment would need to be filed in writing later. The committee then voted on the bill and passed it 19-0, with no opposition. The chair noted the bill would next go to the House floor and closed by joking that the meeting was unusually short.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Senate Standing Committee on Agriculture (2-11-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- I'd like to welcome all the new members here.
- Senate District 18 uh also a member of Senate District 18 uh also a member of this<00:02:25.280><c> committee
- There's other CE opportunities for our members.
- There's other CE opportunities for our members.
- There's other CE opportunities for our members.
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:00
Attendance Roll Call 00:30
Introduction of New Members 00:53
SB 69 Discussion 01:24, 958, all
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Agriculture met for its first session and took up Senate Bill 69, as amended by a committee substitute. The substitute was adopted by motion and vote, and the chair noted that a fiscal note had been requested but not yet received, so the bill would proceed and the fiscal note would be trailed. The bill concerns equine dental care and related chiropractic services, creating a licensing and regulatory framework for equine dental providers and allied animal health practitioners.
Senator Robin Webb, the bill sponsor, said the substitute made technical corrections requested by the Kentucky Veterinary Medical Association and the chiropractors association. She described the measure as a compromise intended to clarify scopes of practice, establish a credentialing/licensing board, and provide a legal pathway for people who have long provided equine dental services, especially in rural areas where veterinary access can be limited. Supporters said the bill would improve accountability, allow providers to obtain liability insurance, and preserve referrals to veterinarians for issues outside the defined scope. Kentucky Veterinary Medical Association and Board of Veterinary Examiners representatives said the bill was developed through a working group, modeled in part on Texas, and would include continuing education, grievance procedures, and due process protections.
Justin Tallup, an equine dental provider, testified in favor, saying the bill would not change day-to-day practice but would legalize and formalize it. He said the scope would be limited to floating and balancing molars and incisors and removing caps and wolf teeth, with anything beyond that referred to veterinarians. He also said certification requires formal training, case submissions, testing, and annual continuing education. Senator Deneen asked about sedation, and witnesses said sedatives would still be prescribed and dispensed by a veterinarian under a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship, with the owner administering them. Michelle Shane of the Board of Veterinary Examiners said the board supported the bill’s disciplinary framework and would defer to federal law on controlled substances.
Dr. William Rainbow, a veterinarian, testified against the bill, arguing that equine dentistry is veterinary medicine and that the proposal would allow undertrained practitioners to work without sufficient standards, including a grandfathering provision. He said practitioners should have training comparable to licensed veterinary technicians and warned that the bill could leave horses vulnerable to poor care. The committee did not take final action on the bill in the portion of the meeting provided, but the chair indicated time was running short and that a vote would be needed.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Taxation and Revenue Feb 18th, 2026 at 02:07 pm
House Taxation & Revenue
Transcript Highlights:
- include $525 million in this bill, which is appropriated to projects prioritized by House and Senate members
- Seeing no audience members standing up, we will now go to committee for discussion.
- And we will now go to members for a quick explanation of your vote.
- Well, just quickly, Madam Chair and committee members, I just want to thank you all for a great session
Bills:
SB240
Keywords:
capital outlay, capital projects, severance tax bonds, general fund appropriations, supplemental severance tax bonds, UNM School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, infrastructure, state buildings, courts, schools, higher education, road improvements, water and wastewater, tribal infrastructure, tribal projects, public safety, housing, emergency services, bonding