Video & Transcript Research : 'sticker candidate'
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MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government Jun 23rd, 2026
Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- The third amendment is for write-in candidate requirements.
- The third amendment establishes a minimum vote threshold for write-in candidates.
- This amendment creates parity between ballot candidates and write-in candidates, requiring write-in candidates
- This proposal does not restrict write-in candidates or, in fact, the ballot counting.
- Just because we can't find qualified candidates to run does not mean that we should hastily abolish an
Keywords:
North Attleborough, town charter, home rule charter, municipal government, local option, charter amendment, Parks and Recreation Commission, Park Commission, write-in candidate, sticker candidate, ballot access, town election, bylaw, ordinance, board membership, local approval, Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, planning board, associate members
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government held a hybrid hearing on several local bills and home rule petitions. The first item was Senate Bill 3092, authorizing the city of Newton to issue pension obligation bonds or notes. Senator Cindy Creem and Mayor Mark Laredo’s chief of staff, Dana Hansen, testified in support, saying the measure would help Newton manage its pension liability, preserve its AAA bond rating, and create about $10 million in budget flexibility over five years. Senator John Keenan supported the bill but cautioned that pension obligation bonds depend on favorable market timing and careful assumptions about future funding and hiring.
The committee then heard Senate Bill 388 for the town of Boylston, which would allow the town to contract for a newly created police lieutenant position. Town officials said the position is needed because of growth, public safety demands, and the need for a second-in-command to handle internal affairs, coordination, and field command. Representative Wells asked why a home rule petition was needed, and the chief explained that legal counsel determined the management position required a contract structure rather than a standard personnel plan. The committee also heard House Bill 5426 for North Attleboro, a charter amendment package that would make housekeeping corrections, expand the Board of Health from three to five members, and require write-in candidates to receive at least 25 votes to be elected.
The final major item was Senate Bill 3087 for Walpole, creating a water and sewer advisory board. Town officials supported the proposal as a way to improve coordination, planning, and public participation in response to PFAS compliance, aging infrastructure, and other system challenges. Several members of the elected Water and Sewer Commission and a town meeting member opposed the bill, arguing it would abolish an elected board, reduce voter representation, and consolidate authority in an appointed structure without a demonstrated public necessity. After testimony concluded and no further witnesses came forward, the committee entertained and adopted a motion to adjourn.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government Jun 23rd, 2026
Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- The third amendment is for write-in candidate requirements.
- The third amendment establishes a minimum vote threshold for write-in candidates.
- This amendment creates parity between ballot candidates and write-in candidates, requiring write-in candidates
- This proposal does not restrict write-in candidates or, in fact, the ballot counting.
- Just because we can't find qualified candidates to run does not mean that we should hastily abolish an
Keywords:
North Attleborough, town charter, home rule charter, municipal government, local option, charter amendment, Parks and Recreation Commission, Park Commission, write-in candidate, sticker candidate, ballot access, town election, bylaw, ordinance, board membership, local approval, Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, planning board, associate members
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government held a hybrid hearing on several local bills and home rule petitions. The first major item was Senate Bill 3092, authorizing the city of Newton to issue pension obligation bonds or notes. Senator Cindy Cream and Mayor Mark Laredo’s chief of staff, Dana Hansen, testified in support, saying the measure would help Newton manage its unfunded pension liability, preserve its AAA bond rating, and create about $10 million in budget flexibility over five years. Senator John Keenan supported the bill but cautioned that pension obligation bonds depend heavily on market timing and assumptions about future funding and hiring.
The committee then heard testimony on a Boylston bill, Senate Bill 3088, allowing the town to contract for a newly created police lieutenant position. Boylston officials said the town’s growth and public safety needs justify a second-in-command role with supervisory, internal affairs, and emergency command duties, and that a contract is needed because of the position’s management-level responsibilities. Representative Wells asked why a lieutenant position required a home rule petition, and the chief explained that town counsel advised the arrangement functioned more like an employment contract than a standard personnel-plan position.
Next, the committee took up House Bill 5426 for North Attleboro, a charter amendment package. Town Manager Mike Borg said the bill makes limited local changes: correcting charter language, expanding the Board of Health from three to five members, and requiring write-in candidates to meet a minimum vote threshold comparable to ballot candidates. The committee then heard Senate Bill 3087 for Walpole, which would create a water and sewer advisory board and change the governance structure for the town’s water and sewer system. Town officials supported the bill as a way to improve planning and accountability, but several elected water and sewer commissioners and a town meeting member opposed it, arguing it would abolish an elected board, reduce voter representation, and concentrate power in appointed officials. After testimony concluded, the committee adjourned without taking a vote in the hearing.
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama House Ethics and Campaign Finance Committee Feb 19th, 2025
Ethics and Campaign Finance
Transcript Highlights:
- Um, clarity to candidate filings of statements of economic interest.
- So on page 10, you're talking about an independent candidate.
- Local candidates don't have a...
- Local candidates don't have a party, so um, not interested to be out here.
- Every candidate has their own date when they have to qualify to run.
Bills:
HB250
Keywords:
HB250, Alabama Ethics Commission, statement of economic interests, financial disclosure, candidate ethics, campaign finance, candidate filing deadline, qualifying papers, declaration of candidacy, independent candidate, ballot access, election law, ethics reform, public officials, public employees, asset disclosure, income disclosure, real estate holdings, indebtedness disclosure, late filing penalty
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Transportation, Highways and Public Works Mar 30th, 2026
Transportation, Highways & Public Works
Transcript Highlights:
- The substitute bill is relative to inspection sticker requirements to repeal the inspection requirement
- The substitute bill is relative to inspection sticker requirements to repeal the inspection requirement
- Okay, so they're only looking for the date of the sticker now.
- They're looking for the date of the sticker now because you need an inspection every year. Right.
- Is that a shiny sticker? Yes, that's right. We probably should call things what they are.
Bills:
HR1, HB96, HB345, HB360, HB401, HB592, HB703, HB723, HB729, HB776, HB838, HB844, HB882, HB885, HB888, HB966
Keywords:
coastal protection, restoration, flood management, public hearings, environmental compliance, drag racing, public roads, vehicle impoundment, law enforcement, penalties, rail infrastructure, ports, Class II railroads, Class III railroads, transportation, memorial highway, Louisiana, commemoration, signage, memorial bridge
Summary:
The committee first heard House Resolution 1, which approves the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority’s annual State Integrated Coastal Protection Plan for fiscal years 2026-2027. CPRA officials described the plan as about $1.54 billion, with roughly 93% directed to project implementation and construction, funded through state mineral revenue, GOMESA, BP spill dollars, surplus funds, and newly available coastal sediment funds. They outlined projects across the coast, including marsh creation, barrier island restoration, levees, pump stations, freshwater diversions, and nonstructural flood protection, and said the plan had been unanimously approved by the CPRA board after public hearings. Members asked about specific coastal and basin issues, including the Sabine River, the Chafalaya Basin, Bayou Sorrel, and tidal flooding in interior parishes. HR 1 was reported favorably without objection.
The committee then considered House Bill 838, as substituted, dealing with vehicle inspection stickers and related OMV modernization. The substitute would repeal inspection requirements for assembled vehicles, keep periodic inspections for commercial and student transportation vehicles, address federal inspection requirements, allow out-of-state inspections in some cases, and create a Louisiana Vehicle Identification Program using QR codes. Members focused on privacy and enforcement questions, and OMV and state IT officials explained that the QR code would contain only the VIN and that the system would support police ticketing applications. The bill also ties implementation to the OMV modernization effort and takes effect January 1, 2027. HB 838 was reported by substitute.
The committee next advanced House Bill 888 on temporary dealer plates, adopting a set of amendments that added security features, clarified timing for the new electronic issuance system, and adjusted rules for temporary tags and dealer plates. Testimony from the auto dealers’ association said the bill was intended to reduce fraud, resolve confusion over five-day versus 60-day tags, and extend certain temporary loaner tag periods from five to ten days. HB 888 was reported with amendments. The committee also heard House Bill 885 on electronic titles and lien recordation, which would allow electronic signatures, electronic lien notifications, and electronic titling/recordation for participating commercial entities, with civil immunity for good-faith actions and a severability clause. Members raised questions about fraud prevention and consumer participation, and supporters said the bill would modernize the process and align Louisiana with current industry practice. HB 885 was reported by substitute.
Finally, the committee advanced House Bill 723, which allows certain two- and three-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds to proceed through a red light under specified circumstances when sensors fail to detect them. The sponsor said the measure is a safety fix for riders stuck at malfunctioning signals, and the bill was amended to clarify the vehicle types covered. The committee also considered House Bill 882 on outdoor advertising, which would increase billboard spacing on state highways from 150 feet to 1,000 feet and allow certain signs damaged by an act of God after January 1, 2010, to be rebuilt. Supporters said the bill would reduce billboard density and improve aesthetics, while opponents argued it would harm smaller operators and impose a one-size-fits-all rule. After testimony, HB 882 was amended and reported.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It has a breakdown of all the votes that were cast per candidate.
- , or any other state candidate, or any county candidate on the ballot.
- The Republican candidate for governor received 45% of the vote.
- I thought the barcodes were only supposed to contain candidate information.
- As a candidate, I'm on the outside looking in.
Keywords:
early voting, ballot correction, voting rights, election integrity, mail-in voting, voter notification, HB 766, precinct chair, precinct chair candidate, ballot application, Texas Election Code, Section 172.021, election administration, candidate filing, party precinct chair, county party, political party office, email address, telephone number, confidential candidate information
TX
Keywords:
HB 668, Texas, handgun license, license to carry, LTC, concealed carry, open carry, firearm permit, gun license renewal, public safety, Department of Public Safety, DPS, Government Code Section 411.185, renewal fee, handgun permit, Second Amendment, carry permit, firearms regulation, HB 677, Texas Election Code
Summary:
The committee met to hear several bills, beginning with House Bill 766, which would require precinct chair applicants to provide an email address, phone number, or both on their applications while keeping that contact information confidential. No one testified for or against the bill, and it was left pending. House Bill 677, a companion to a previously approved Senate bill, would bar county election administrators from simultaneously holding another office or position appointed by an elected official; it also drew no public testimony and was left pending.
Members then heard House Bill 3133, which would add explicit deepfake material to the list of content social media platforms must handle through complaint systems, including prompt acknowledgment, investigation, and status updates. Senators discussed concerns about how platforms would verify whether reported content was actually a deepfake, and the sponsor indicated the bill may be held pending while federal law on the subject is reviewed. House Bill 668 would create a one-year grace period for renewing an expired Texas handgun license to carry, codifying an existing DPS practice; it also received no testimony and was left pending.
The committee spent the most time on Senate Bill 3070, a major overhaul of the Texas Lottery system. The bill would move oversight from the Lottery Commission to TDLR, dissolve the commission, impose new restrictions on ticket sales and internet play, create a lottery advisory committee, increase transparency and audit requirements, and include a sunset review that could lead to abolishing the lottery if not continued by 2027. The author described the bill as a response to alleged misconduct and illegal practices by the commission, while a witness from the Christian Life Commission testified in favor, supporting changes to prize anonymity and other lottery restrictions. After testimony, the bill was left pending, and the committee recessed subject to the call of the chair.
TX
Keywords:
HB 668, Texas, handgun license, license to carry, LTC, concealed carry, open carry, firearm permit, gun license renewal, public safety, Department of Public Safety, DPS, Government Code Section 411.185, renewal fee, handgun permit, Second Amendment, carry permit, firearms regulation, HB 677, Texas Election Code
TX
Keywords:
Texas Election Code, elections, voting station, polling place, ballot marking, ballot reading, child accompaniment, minor, parental supervision, voter education, secretary of state, county election administrator, voter assistance, election administration, poll worker rules, ballot secrecy, HB 496, ballot option, none of the above, abstain from vote
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Senate and Governmental Affairs May 12th, 2026
Senate & Governmental Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Two opportunity districts or two districts that give individuals an opportunity to elect the candidate
- No party candidates. No party candidates can't even be a candidate for office.
- Every community deserves an equal opportunity to elect candidates who understand their experiences.
- That has actually always happened in many cases, because oftentimes we vote for a better candidate or
- candidate on their slate.
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Louisiana, 2020 census, elections, precincts, voting, election, political representation, 2026 precincts, demographics, Louisiana congressional map, U.S. House, election districts, precinct shapefiles, Voting Districts, VTD, 2020 Census, 2026 Precinct Shapefiles, apportionment
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Senate and Governmental Affairs May 8th, 2026
Senate & Governmental Affairs
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Louisiana, 2020 census, elections, precincts, voting, election, political representation, 2026 precincts, demographics, Louisiana congressional map, U.S. House, election districts, precinct shapefiles, Voting Districts, VTD, 2020 Census, 2026 Precinct Shapefiles, apportionment
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- They know these candidates are parents.
- And so this bill gets to having the Florida Department of Law Enforcement provide certain candidates
- Members, voters deserve to know if a candidate they are voting for are citizens of any country... to
- if a candidate they are voting for is a citizen of any country other than the United States, and, if
- If it passes, I would like to know where that information would be presented once candidates qualify.
Keywords:
student volunteers, polling locations, election administration, community service, Florida statutes, ethics, public officers, employment of relatives, transparency, government accountability, campaign finance, child care, elections, fund usage, political candidates, candidate qualifying, federal office, election integrity, regulatory compliance, political candidacy
Summary:
The committee met with a quorum and considered several election- and ethics-related bills. Senate Bill 572 by Senator Harrell, which would update ethics statutes so the definition of “relative” includes foster parents and foster children, received supportive testimony from the Commission on Ethics and passed unanimously. Senate Bill 414 by Senator Bracy Davis, allowing campaign funds to be used for campaign-related child care expenses, was presented as a way to reduce barriers to public service but was temporarily postponed after the sponsor said it lacked the votes to advance.
Senate Bill 500 by Senator Avila would require FDLE protective security details for major-party nominees for governor, lieutenant governor, and cabinet offices from nomination through assumption of office; members questioned the scope, definitions of major and minor parties, and whether taxpayers should bear the cost, and the bill was reported favorably on a divided vote. Senate Bill 620 by Senator Mayfield would require candidates for federal, state, county, district, judicial, and school board offices to disclose any non-U.S. citizenship or dual citizenship; testimony opposed the bill as stigmatizing dual citizens, but it was reported favorably.
The committee also approved CS for SB 92 by Chair Gaetz, which creates whistleblower-style protections for public employees who file ethics complaints based on firsthand knowledge and face retaliation, with support from the Commission on Ethics. In addition, the committee unanimously approved a block of gubernatorial appointments and then passed Senate Bill 564 by Senator Yarborough, allowing registered or pre-registered high school students to volunteer at polling places for community service hours; members discussed whether the bill would create new volunteer opportunities and whether the term “community service hours” needed clarification. The meeting ended with adjournment.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy Committee 4/14/26
Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy
Keywords:
natural resources, motorboat, boating safety, personal watercraft, PWC, watercraft operator permit, boater safety exam, off-road vehicle, ORV, ATV, snowmobile, state trail pass, cross-country ski pass, horse pass, state park permit, game and fish, hunting license, fishing license, wildlife permit, invasive species
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- While a candidate is not allowed to advance, there has been a scenario where an ineligible candidate
- He cannot be the candidate. in November when you file for tea parties.
- And It cost the candidates a huge amount of money.
- We need to stop blaming the candidates for runoffs. We are responsible for that.
- If a candidate is willing to meet all legal requirements, such as paying filing fees, which this candidate
Bills:
SB38, SB287, SB291, SB292, SB508, SB618, SB901, SB1436, SB1494, SB1626, SB1719, SB1999, SB1333, SB 38
Keywords:
evictions, property law, tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, justice court, court rules, SB 287, Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, sexually oriented business, adult entertainment, strip club, nude entertainment, live nude performance, alcohol prohibition, alcohol consumption, possession of alcohol, criminal offense, Class A misdemeanor, state jail felony, third degree felony
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- began a partial manual recount of the November 24th election without giving notice to citizens and candidate
- Paul Parker, our candidate representative for a school board candidate, arrived at the election department
- With respect to elections, I've been a a candidate, an election watcher, and a statistical analyst.
- I've been a testifying and consulting expert in multiple election-related contests and lawsuits. a candidate
- They provide for and enable candidates, voters, and election officials. to detect and prevent fraud.
Bills:
SB38, SB287, SB291, SB292, SB508, SB618, SB901, SB1436, SB1494, SB1626, SB1719, SB1999, SB1333, SB 38
Keywords:
evictions, property law, tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, justice court, court rules, SB 287, Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, sexually oriented business, adult entertainment, strip club, nude entertainment, live nude performance, alcohol prohibition, alcohol consumption, possession of alcohol, criminal offense, Class A misdemeanor, state jail felony, third degree felony
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee 3/12/26
Commerce Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- <01:05:19.200>
that deal with the fact that a candidate that deal with the fact that a candidate - They just think it's one candidate banging the head of another candidate when they look at it.
- the head of it's one candidate banging the head of another<01:39:40.000>
candidate <01:39:40.480 - another candidate when they look at it. another candidate when they look at it.
- to don't support or oppose a candidate to don't support or oppose a candidate or<01:42:13.840>
Keywords:
homeowner's insurance, peace officer, property damage, just compensation, exclusion policy, corporate powers, entity law, business corporations, nonprofit corporations, LLC, limited liability company, cooperative, partnership, trust, foreign entity, campaign finance, election spending, political spending, ballot measure, ballot initiative
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 3/18/26 - Afternoon Meeting
Elections Finance and Government Operations
Transcript Highlights:
- candidates who are filing for office. candidates who are filing for office. they're<00:52:04.160
- contributions to local level candidates contributions to local level candidates need<00:53:30.319
- This would modify it so that local candidates could also be one of the three candidates that are required
- where voters select multiple candidates where voters select multiple candidates from<01:18:56.159
- 01:20:49.199>
Rivers requires candidates for Three Rivers requires candidates for Three Rivers
Keywords:
libraries, electronic books, digital audiobooks, licensing agreements, public access, campaign finance, elections, political contributions, disclosure, reporting thresholds, economic interest statements, financial disclosure, ethics, public officials, local officials, metropolitan governmental unit, metropolitan area, candidate filings, principal campaign committee, political committee
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- "Morning again." publish any responses provided by a publish any responses provided by a candidate<00
- on its website and in a candidate on its website and in a digital<00:22:35.840>
digital <00:22 - Because you're already—there's already a candidate statement that they're allowed to make. Correct.
- issues to which candidates may respond. issues to which candidates may respond.
- or you were a candidate. or you were a candidate.
Bills:
SB2444, SB2446, SB2450, SB2453, SB2461, SB2457, SB2462, SB2313, SB2528, SB2532, SB2571, SB2678, SB2529
Keywords:
real property, exemption, attachment, execution, consumer protection, financial security, inflation adjustment, head of family, senior citizens, Intermediate Court of Appeals, judges, Hawaii judiciary, court membership, legal system, presidential preference primary, elections, political parties, Hawaii voting, 2028 election, voting
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee heard testimony on several bills. SB 2444 would raise the real property exemption amount for attachment or execution, which the Attorney General said could create vague retroactivity language and litigation risk; the committee noted the exemption had last been adjusted around 1978. SB 2446 would add a seventh associate judge to the Intermediate Court of Appeals. Judiciary staff testified in opposition, saying recent internal restructuring and a pending vacancy had improved output and that it would be prudent to wait and see the effect before adding another judge. The Public Defender supported the goal of faster appellate resolution but said it would defer to the court’s assessment and had no objection to revisiting the issue later. The committee also discussed current appellate timelines, with staff saying at least 225 days is built into the process before a case reaches a merit panel, and that a two-year delay from panel assignment was realistic under the current structure.
The committee then heard SB 2450, which would establish a presidential preference primary for the 2028 cycle. The Chief Election Officer said the election would cost about $4 million, less if combined with the regular primary. Several opponents argued the bill would add bureaucracy, duplicate or undermine party-run processes, and waste taxpayer money; one speaker estimated the total cost could be closer to $6 million when county costs are included. Supporters and committee members discussed that the measure would not require parties to use the results and that Hawaii remains one of the few states still using caucuses. The committee also asked whether counties could staff the election and whether the results would be useful given Hawaii’s current primary timing.
SB 2453 would require the Office of Elections to include a notice with each ballot that a digital and printed voter information guide is available, with the notice in 32-point font as a separate insert. The Chief Election Officer said the insert would cost about $90,000 and asked for an effective date of January 1, 2027 because mailing preparations for the primary would already be underway. The Disability and Communications Access Board, League of Women Voters, National Federation of the Blind of Hawaii, and others supported the bill. The committee also began hearing SB 2461, which would have the Office of Elections prepare a questionnaire for candidates and publish responses online and in the voter guide; the Chief Election Officer said the office did not think it should be the agency to shape campaign questions, though he said it could work if the questions were specified in statute.
Finally, the committee heard SB 2457, which would require a criminal conviction before seized property could be forfeited. The Attorney General and Honolulu Police Department opposed the bill, arguing it would prolong cases, increase storage costs, and make forfeiture less effective against crime, especially where owners flee, die, or hide assets through shell companies. The Public Defender strongly supported the measure, saying forfeiture should be tied to convictions and that people challenging forfeiture often lack counsel. The Honolulu Prosecutor also opposed the bill, but said it supported transparency, due process, and even a right to counsel; it argued conviction-only forfeiture would fail in cases involving fugitives, deceased suspects, or hidden ownership structures. The committee questioned what would happen to property if an owner could not be found, and the prosecutor said the outcome would depend on the type of property and could involve abandonment or interpleader proceedings.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee 3/3/25
Elections Finance and Government Operations
Transcript Highlights:
- would require uh legislative candidates would require uh legislative candidates to<00:42:00.920>
- is an oral amendment on line 1.21 of the DE1 to delete the phrase “area to be represented by the candidate
- :50:58.240>
the phrase area to be represented by the phrase area to be represented by the candidate - and insert state so so the candidate and insert state so so the effect<00:51:02.240>
of <00:51 - <00:59:07.039>
um <00:59:07.319>80% candidate um 80% candidate um 80% were<00:59:10.160
Keywords:
natural gas, gas hookups, residential construction, energy policy, local control, state preemption, municipal regulation, county ordinance, electrification, climate policy, housing development, building codes, energy source, utility infrastructure, Minnesota Statutes chapter 326B, propane, utility service, building permits, local government, energy choice
AL
Alabama 2026 Regular Session
Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Jan 28th, 2026
Ways and Means Education
Keywords:
HB130, Alabama Board of Licensure for Professional Geologists, Sunset Law, sunset review, licensure board, professional geologists, geology, geologist licensing, board appointments, congressional district representation, gubernatorial appointments, state boards and commissions, professional licensing, regulatory board, Alabama Code 34-41-4, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, mining industry, petroleum industry, geological sciences
AL
Alabama 2026 Regular Session
Alabama Senate Finance and Taxation Education Committee Feb 25th, 2026
Finance and Taxation Education
Bills:
HB178, HB124, HB96, HB250, SB289, SB317, HB359, HB178, HB124, HB96, HB250, SB289, SB317, HB359
Keywords:
HB178, Ten Commandments, public schools, K-12 education, Alabama, school display, religious display, Bible, Judeo-Christian, Establishment Clause, church-state separation, religion in schools, founding documents, Mayflower Compact, Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, Northwest Ordinance, social studies, civics, history curriculum