Transcript Highlights:

• <00:07:09.840> my back of my pants and the front of my back of my pants and the front of my
• It was due to gaps in Minnesota laws in 2016 regarding positions of authority and high school students
• <00:30:29.200> human of health and the department of human of health and the department of
• outside of public view, outside of outside of public view, outside of public<00:57:06.319> scrutiny
• <01:09:22.719> the timelines of when the start of the timelines of when the start of the process

Bills: HF3489, HF3550

Keywords: grooming, child protection, student safety, sexual exploitation, educator licensing, teacher discipline, mandatory reporting, mandated reporter training, school misconduct, predatory offender, child abuse, sexual abuse, sex trafficking, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, position of authority, school employee, school administrator, license revocation, license suspension

Transcript Highlights:

• positions of authority and high school students.
• In this case, an applicant was disqualified from a position within the Department of Education after
• One note as of page 3 of the D1, I appreciate having the administrative subpoena authority for county
• officer or employee, acts knowing it is in excess of lawful authority or knowing it is forbidden by
• law to be done in that capacity; three, on the pretense or color of official authority, intentionally

Bills: HF3489, HF3990, HF3825, HF3826, HF3827, HF3822

Keywords: grooming, child protection, student safety, sexual exploitation, educator licensing, teacher discipline, mandatory reporting, mandated reporter training, school misconduct, predatory offender, child abuse, sexual abuse, sex trafficking, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, position of authority, school employee, school administrator, license revocation, license suspension

Transcript Highlights:

• It was due to gaps in Minnesota law in 2016 regarding positions of authority and high school students
• <00:43:16.960> of<00:43:17.080> needing<00:43:17.320> to but we are in a position
• of needing to but we are in a position of needing to request<00:43:17.880> data<00:43:18.640>
• of the of the issues. of the of the issues.
• Seeing none, all those in favor of the amendment to get in the shape the author would wish, say aye.

Bills: HF4277, HF3819, HF3489, HF4408, HF3901, HF4316

Keywords: child care, child care center, day care, licensed child care, video security cameras, surveillance, security cameras, maltreatment, child abuse, child safety, public and shared areas, camera mandate, child care assistance program, CCAP, Great Start Compensation Support, early learning scholarships, licensed provider, Minnesota Statutes 142B.68, Harvey's Law, privacy

Transcript Highlights:

• Kurt Lager, Chief of the Honolulu Ocean Safety Department of the City and County of Honolulu.
• chain of survival. chain of survival.
• chance of survival. chance of survival.
• We also have offering comments from the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority and the Hawaii
• We also have offering comments from the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority and the Hawaii

Bills: HCR112

Keywords: HCR112, House Concurrent Resolution, DHRD, Department of Human Resources Development, civil service, classification system, compensation system, salary study, pay scale, job classification, position classification, state workforce, vacancy rate, hard-to-fill positions, labor shortage, recruitment, retention, public employees, state agencies, labor organizations

Transcript Highlights:

• Because one of them is budget and I don't know if he counts. >> He doesn't count.
• It is permissive legislation that allows a municipality to adopt a Firefighters Bill of Rights.
• that are insurers for municipalities that have a lot of concerns, and I just wanted to let you know
• I wanted to make sure we got your bill given the timing now, got it in committee and probably out of
• municipalities that have a lot of municipalities that have a lot of concerns<00:03:54.640> and

Bills: HB468, SB366, HB468, HB561, SB227, SB32

Keywords: service of process, funding, Marion County, fees, legal documents, firefighters, rights, personnel procedures, state law, public safety, HB468, local commissions, local authorities, municipal planning commission, planning commission, zoning, land use, municipal official, municipal officer, city council

Transcript Highlights:

• The clerk will read the short title: Relating to the Board of Directors of the Lake Agassiz Water Authority
• House Bill 1162 seeks to place the mayor of West Fargo on the Lake Agassiz Water Authority, LAWA, Board
• HB 1162 calls for the mayor of West Fargo to become a member of the Lake Agassiz Water Authority Board
• to make administrative rules is now that becomes a separation of powers issue. ...authority to make
• who does not have the authority to speak on behalf of the agency.

Bills: HB1162

Keywords: Lake Agassiz, water authority, board of directors, state highways, water management, 908, all

Summary: The committee heard House Bill 1162, which would add the West Fargo mayor as a voting member of the Lake Agassiz Water Authority board. The sponsor and Fargo’s mayor argued West Fargo has grown into a major regional water stakeholder and should have a formal vote, while members questioned the board structure and why the change was not framed more specifically. The bill was supported in testimony, closed without opposition, and received a 6-0 do pass recommendation. The committee then took up House Bill 1259 on annual legislative sessions and session structure. Members adopted an amendment that left the structure and logistics of sessions to legislative management rather than prescribing details in statute, after discussion about flexibility, committee workload, annual versus biennial sessions, and concerns about preserving debate and committee process. The amended bill received a 4-2 do pass recommendation, with some members voting no because they preferred a different committee recommendation or had concerns about the broader change. House Bill 1254, which would allow any North Dakota resident to obtain a State Library card, drew supportive testimony from the bill sponsor and State Library staff. They said the change would align law with current practice and expand access to books, e-materials, and other resources statewide, including for military families and out-of-state state employees. The committee closed the hearing and approved the bill 6-0. The committee also considered House Bill 1469, which narrows financial disclosure requirements so only business or trust interests directly related to the office sought or held must be disclosed. After brief discussion that the change would reduce unnecessary disclosure burdens, the committee adopted the amendment and then gave the bill a 6-0 do pass recommendation. House Bill 1368, dealing with administrative rules and the standard for challenging them, was opposed by committee counsel as too broad and legally problematic; the committee rejected it on a 4-2 do not pass vote. Finally, House Bill 1219, which would reduce the required perpetual care fund set-aside for certain cemeteries from 20% to 10%, received supportive testimony from the sponsor, cemetery representatives, and local users, but also concern about long-term fund health. The committee ultimately recommended do pass on a 5-1 vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• That reaches far beyond the legitimate authority of the court and becomes policymaking.
• It's inconsistent with basic principles about the precedential authority of a district.
• But judgments and orders have this kind of authority in our legal system because of the principle that
• There is no constitutional authority for the judge to go on and decide the cases of other people or to
• And so talk for a minute about the effect of that lack of authority. I'm happy to, Senator.

Keywords: universal injunctions, legislative reforms, judicial authority, executive power, balance of power, judicial overreach

Summary: During this meeting, the committee focused on the implications of universal injunctions, which have become a significant concern in recent years. The discussion centered around various legislative proposals aimed at addressing the perceived overreach of district judges who issue nationwide injunctions that affect policies across the entire country. Several members expressed the belief that such injunctions undermine judicial authority and disrupt the balance of power between the judiciary and executive branches. Expert witnesses testified about the historical context of universal injunctions and the necessity for reforms that would limit the power of courts to grant remedies benefitting non-parties.

Transcript Highlights:

• This changes the makeup of the board of trustees of the University of South Alabama.
• Under the 1930s statutes, it's really not clear whether they have the authority to do any of that, even
• Our law firm was hired by the Alabama Association of Housing Authorities and Redevelopment, and that's
• One is for municipal housing authorities, and one is for county housing authorities.
• Looks like it gives them almost the power to do a lot of things, but it's got to be related to the authority

Bills: HB442, HB459, HB90, HB91, HB461, HB481

Keywords: codification, Code of Alabama 1975, cumulative supplement, replacement volume, technical corrections, code cleanup, state code update, local laws, Secretary of State, Code Commissioner, Thomson Reuters, boating violation, scrivener's error, typographical correction, clerical correction, legislative housekeeping, 2024 Regular Session, 2025 session statutes, county local laws, official code publication

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, the uh, essentially the CIO of education becomes chair of a new board, which is comprised of the
• that has tens if not hundreds of that has tens if not hundreds of thousands<00:04:59.759> of<
• lot of this work anyway. lot of this work anyway.
• So that's one of, you know, potentially dozens of examples of things you really don't want falling on
• of things potentially dozens of examples of things you<00:32:02.480> really<00:32:02.640> don't

Keywords: Meeting start 00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:56 Approval of Minutes 02:26 Discussion of the Kentucky Communications Network Authority and Related Legislative 02:43 Presentation of Geoengineering and Related Legislation 07:42, 958, all

Summary: The meeting began with a quorum call and approval of the prior meeting’s minutes. Senator Williams then presented a discussion draft involving KCNA and COOT/Kentucky Wired governance changes. He said the proposal would make the COOT executive director the KCNA director, place the education CIO as chair of a new board of constitutional officers, terminate existing KCNA employees at inception, and return KCNA funds to the general fund. He described the measure as a temporary holding pattern focused on customer connectivity until an audit is completed next summer. Senator West asked whether the bill would change existing Kentucky Wired contracts, and Williams said the contracts would remain in place and COOT would simply handle the work without an extra layer of bureaucracy. No vote was taken; the item was for discussion only. The committee then heard a presentation on geoengineering and related legislation from Rep. John Hodgson, Sen. Rollins, and retired meteorologist Randy Baker. They described geoengineering as attempts to alter climate or weather, including solar radiation modification, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cloud seeding. The presenters distinguished these activities from ordinary jet contrails, crop dusting, ground-level emissions, and airport fog control, and said the proposed Kentucky bill would exclude those ordinary activities. They argued Kentucky lacks a current prohibition on weather modification, said the bill would protect farmland, crops, animal agriculture, aquaculture, and human health, and cited public concern, federal uncertainty, and similar legislation in other states. They also said cloud seeding is used in some western states but remains scientifically unproven and potentially harmful. Members asked about enforcement, federal preemption, and whether other states’ actions could affect Kentucky. The presenters said high-altitude spraying would be difficult to hide, that satellite imagery could detect large releases, and that the bill was intended as an assertion of state sovereignty even if federal law later changed. They also said there were no known active geoengineering projects in Kentucky. The discussion remained informational, with no committee vote or final action taken on either topic.

Transcript Highlights:

• are of your being here and the position you've been appointed to.
• He's held senior positions in the Department of Justice, including Associate Deputy Attorney General
• It is a distinct privilege for me, for Senator Cruz. to introduce the nominee for the position of Assistant
• If confirmed, the three of you will hold key positions at the Justice Department and you will take an
• There have been calls, including from the authors of Project... 2025, which I think is generally seen

Keywords: John Eisenberg, assistant attorney general, national security, China Initiative, Department of Justice, judicial authority, executive actions, nomination hearing

Summary: The committee meeting primarily involved discussions around key nominations and pressing legal issues pertaining to the Department of Justice. Notable discussions included the nomination of John Eisenberg for assistant attorney general for national security, where concerns over the revival of the China Initiative were raised. Senators expressed significant apprehensions regarding previous actions taken under this initiative and its implications for national security. Additionally, there were critiques of the broader implications of executive actions that challenge judicial authority, aligning with ongoing dialogues about the integrity of the judiciary and executive oversight.

Transcript Highlights:

• Just to give you a little history of what AMAA... ...little history of what AMAA— I think several of
• Currently, there are 127,000 open positions in the state of... ...in the state of Alabama, but we have
• This is a bill in search of a problem that really doesn't exist, and because of that, it would create
• That includes one of 40 counties that have no broadband wiring at all as of 2022.
• In Perry County, one of the counties that would be impacted here, public transportation is of course

Bills: HB93, HB160, HB29, HB29, HB93, HB160

Keywords: HB93, Alabama State Port Authority, State Auditor, property inventory, inventory control, audit exemption, state property, personal property inventory, public authority, port authority, Section 36-16-11, Code of Alabama 1975, administrative oversight, state audit, conforming changes, government property, Alabama Municipal Electric Authority, AMEA, municipal electric authority, board of directors

Transcript Highlights:

• of sunset means, and the power to kind of sunset the<00:07:32.479> authority.
• at the University of positions are at the University of Hawaii<00:42:53.040> and<00:42:53.280
• we were able to recruit a couple of we were able to recruit a couple of positions<01:35:48.239><
• We recently positions because of that.
• It's really a group of about eight positions.

Bills: SB2003

Keywords: Mauna Kea, land management, University of Hawaii, astronomical observatories, leasable lands, natural resource management, stewardship authority, 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint committees on Water, Land, Culture, and the Arts and Education heard testimony and discussed SB 20003, which would require the auditor’s report under Act 255 to include a recommendation on whether the Monarch Stewardship and Oversight Authority is fit to continue managing Monaca lands. Testimony focused on the bill’s reversion language, the role of the auditor, and whether the measure gave the auditor too much discretion without clear criteria. The Office of the Auditor’s position, read into the record, was that it had strong reservations because the bill did not provide standards for assessing fitness and asked that the requirement be held or amended. Other testimony suggested a work group with relevant agencies and Hawaiian practitioners to manage the transition and reduce conflict. Committee members debated whether the bill should simply restore the original reversion language or also require an audit-based fitness determination. Several members questioned the need for a 2031 audit when Act 255 already provides for a performance and financial audit in 2031 and noted that the bill could shift authority away from the legislature. In response, the committee chair explained that the measure was intended to restore language removed during conference and to address the transition back to the University of Hawaii if the authority was not meeting the act’s purpose. The committees ultimately recommended SB 20003 be passed with amendments. The amendments would strike the auditor/audit section, add language addressing timelines by providing a 10-year lease extension and sublease extension, and make technical changes including a defective date. The committees voted to adopt the amended measure and send it forward as an SD1. The transcript also included a separate Education Committee hearing on SB 3286, which would require the University of Hawaii to develop a facilities and student housing master plan and report to the legislature. University of Hawaii testimony said the system supports the intent but that the bill’s requirements are a heavy lift across 10 campuses and should follow development of a broader academic strategy. Members raised concerns about deferred maintenance, shifting priorities, and the lack of a systemwide plan, while the university said it already has a six-year capital improvement plan but acknowledged it does not fully incorporate the broader academic and housing strategy the bill contemplates.

Transcript Highlights:

• official position, duties, or authority is an element of the offense or is used to facilitate the commission
• of the offense, including abuse of authority, breach of public trust, or misuse of public resources.
• , duties or authority official position, duties or authority is<00:02:09.039> an<00:02:09.200>
• <00:02:14.080> of<00:02:14.239> authority, offense including abuse of authority, offense
• including abuse of authority, breach<00:02:14.879> of<00:02:15.040> public<00:02:15.280

Bills: SB2731, SB2830, SB2914, SB3072

Keywords: sentencing, nonviolent offenses, misdemeanor, prison reform, criminal justice, public servant, misconduct, statute of limitations, fraud, abuse of authority, breach of trust, lawmaker safety, political violence, confidentiality, personal information, Hawaii Revised Statutes, theft, mandatory sentencing, felony, prison

Summary: The Judiciary Committee met on a decision-making agenda and considered four Senate bills. SB 2731 would cap misdemeanor jail terms at 364 days and allow people previously sentenced to one year to seek modification; the chair recommended passage with amendments limiting the change to nonviolent offenses, and the measure was adopted with one no vote. SB 2830 would extend the statute of limitations for misconduct-in-office offenses by public servants to allow prosecution during service and for 10 years afterward; members discussed tightening the definition of misconduct in office while leaving the public servant definition unchanged, and it was adopted with amendments. SB 2914, which would prohibit public disclosure of legislators’ personal contact information and certain voter and campaign records, was deferred because the chair believed existing law already covered much of the issue and wanted to see how that law works over time. SB 3072 would require a mandatory 12-month minimum sentence for first-degree theft involving property or services valued over $250,000; the committee recommended passage with amendments clarifying that the sentence could be imposed as a condition of probation or before parole, and it was adopted with the vice chair voting with reservation. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• It was due to gaps in Minnesota law in 2016 regarding positions of authority in high school students.
• section two of the A26 amendment of section two of the A26 amendment of expanding<00:34:15.280><
• P20 talks about how they work within the seams of education, and they are in a unique position to
• them out of the pipeline in terms of them out of the pipeline in terms of their<00:54:02.000>
• section of it. section of it.

Bills: HF3650, HF1791, HF3489, HF4231, HF4232, HF4269, HF4270, HF3490

Keywords: student career pathways, education framework, experiential learning, employer engagement, career technical education, career and technical education, CTE, postsecondary scholarship, postsecondary grant, school district funding, cooperative unit, Minnesota high school, apprenticeship, certificate program, tuition assistance, workforce training, military transition, education finance, student aid, career pathways

Transcript Highlights:

• of Commerce.
• About 66.9%, or 67%, of Latinos are part of the U.S. labor force.
• the chairpersons of the Senate Finance Committee and of the House of Representatives International Trade
• of good for the state of Arizona.
• I've heard from people who are supportive of the Commerce Authority who have told me, Chairman, you're

Bills: HB2754

Keywords: Arizona Commerce Authority, business development, economic growth, small business support, job creation, Board of Directors, e-verify, grant administration, 1182, all

Summary: The Committee on International Trade heard a presentation from Monica Villalobos, President and CEO of the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, who shared trade and economic data on Hispanic businesses and consumers in Arizona and nationally. She emphasized that Hispanics are a major economic driver, that small and medium-sized businesses are central to trade, and that tariffs and border disruptions can disproportionately hurt smaller exporters and importers. She also described the Chamber’s district-level trade profiles and an upcoming business engagement tour to Mexico City aimed at matching Arizona and Mexican small businesses. Members asked about major Mexico trade products, transportation equipment, and what the state could do to support small businesses; Villalobos said access to capital and technical assistance are the biggest needs, especially as some federal support has been cut. The committee then took up HB 2754, which would expand the Arizona Commerce Authority board to include the chairs of the Senate Finance Committee and House International Trade Committee, shift oversight of trade offices to legislative appropriation, require annual reporting on trade office activities to JLBC, and remove the sunset date for the Arizona Competes program. The sponsor argued the bill would restore legislative oversight and give lawmakers a stronger role in trade office decisions and the Competes Fund. Members generally supported the bill’s oversight goals, though some raised concerns about the board changes and indicated they might seek amendments later. The committee voted 5-0 with two present and three absent to give HB 2754 a do pass recommendation. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Committee contingency account in each year of the 2023-25 biennium to fund the position.
• These positions were approved contingent upon approval of enabling legislation that would allow the office
• The goal of that amendment was to make clear between the agencies which authority had the ability to
• The goal of that amendment was to make clear between the agencies which authority had the ability to
• The Nevada Transportation Authority regulates all of the cabs up north in Reno, pretty much all counties

Bills: SB507

Keywords: SB507, Nevada, governmental administration, Office of Nevada Boards Commissions and Councils Standards, Department of Business and Industry, professional licensing boards, occupational licensing, regulatory fees, state account, nonreverting fund, Commission on Postsecondary Education, taxicab, taxi technology fee, Nevada Transportation Authority, Taxicab Authority, transportation network company, TNC, rideshare, Uber, Lyft

Transcript Highlights:

• /c> transitioned of off of type two transitioned of off of type two connections<00:16:22.240> at
• uh<00:20:55.760> of some kind of capability of of uh of some kind of capability of of uh
• another layer of of design in there another layer of of design in there another<00:32:26.159>
• unaware of. unaware of.
• comply uh comprised of uh of lawyers. comply uh comprised of uh of lawyers.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Roll Call 00:00:15 Kentucky Department of Education 00:01:20 Kentucky Communications Network Authority 00:36:45 Accelecom 01:01:22 Auditor of Public Accounts 01:29:50, 958, all

Summary: The Information Technology Oversight Committee met to hear a presentation from Kentucky Department of Education officials David Couch and Mike Lingham on the history and current status of Kentucky’s K-12 internet network, including its relationship to KentuckyWired. They described the original KETS design from 1995, when KDE established district internet hubs and left local districts to connect to them, and said that model helped Kentucky become a national leader in school connectivity and cloud-based services. They also emphasized the importance of E-rate eligibility, saying it has saved the state substantial money and remains central to KDE’s network contracting. Couch and Lingham said the current “next generation Kentucky K-12 internet” contract with Education Networks of America is more reliable, offers more functionality, and costs less than the prior system, including lower bandwidth and firewall costs. They explained that the transition was complicated by build-out and provisioning issues, especially the need for more “type two” connections through local providers, which pushed some implementation past the June 30, 2024 E-rate deadline. As a result, 39 sites remain on type two connections, and KDE absorbed the loss of federal discount dollars for the portion of the transition that extended into July. The witnesses also discussed home internet access for students. They said KDE has tracked home access for about 20 years and estimates about 4.5% of students still lack adequate internet at home, with roughly 3% able to reach access nearby and 1.5% having no access. They said the biggest barrier is usually cost rather than lack of available lines, and noted that temporary hotspot support during COVID helped students continue schoolwork. Senator Williams asked about the costs of the transition, the current type two sites, and the potential cost of any future transition, but the transcript cuts off before a full answer was given.

Transcript Highlights:

• of authority um or in a position of power.
• <00:21:28.480> of levels or anyone who is in a position of levels or anyone who is in a position
• of authority<00:21:29.800> um<00:21:29.920> or<00:21:30.040> in<00:21:30.160>
• > a<00:21:30.200> position<00:21:30.640> of<00:21:30.760> power.
• authority um or in a position of power. authority um or in a position of power.

Bills: HF3489, HF3393, HF3785, SF856, HF4006, HF4615, HF3919, HF4591, HF3682, HF4240

Keywords: grooming, child protection, student safety, sexual exploitation, educator licensing, teacher discipline, mandatory reporting, mandated reporter training, school misconduct, predatory offender, child abuse, sexual abuse, sex trafficking, child sexual abuse material, child pornography, position of authority, school employee, school administrator, license revocation, license suspension

Transcript Highlights:

• The provisions of Senate Bill 2046.
• Yes, it will allow the Department of Environmental Quality to determine the legality of a campsite.
• of new law?
• And as I'm thinking of the Department of Public Safety, do you want?
• Who do you think, when you think of the Department of Public Safety, who are you thinking about?

Bills: SB1265, SB1198, SB2046

Keywords: healthcare authority, property lien, county treasury, local government, Oklahoma, municipalities, campsite regulation, Department of Environmental Quality, unauthorized camps, public safety, environmental standards, 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• of Technology. of Technology.
• > that the burden of of the identities that the burden of of the identities that aren't<00:13:31.720
• of the members of whole and maybe some of the members of this<00:19:44.920> committee's<00:19
• <00:31:18.080> uh some of that some of that with you uh some of that some of that with you
• All of that's at the end of the year.

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00:00 Commonwealth Office of Technology 00:01:00 Department of Education 00:21:00 Transportation Cabinet 00:35:30 Secretary of State 00:45:15 Cabinet for Health and Family Services 00:56:11 Discussion of the Kentucky Communications Network Authority and Related legislation 01:09:11, 958, all

Summary: The meeting began with approval of the prior minutes and then focused first on the Commonwealth Office of Technology’s legacy systems and two specific projects. COT officials said many agencies have made progress moving off legacy applications, with remaining mainframe systems slated to be retired through RFPs or other work orders. They also described a legacy funding pool of $10 million per biennium used to help agencies transition. The two projects discussed were the Kentucky aerial photography and elevation data program, which provides statewide aerial imagery and lidar data for GIS, E911, environmental, transportation, and other uses, and a citizen identity and access management system intended to give residents a single login for state services. Officials said the GIS program costs about $1.2 million annually to host and maintain, with data acquisition costing several million more per year, and that the citizen identity system would cost about $2.5 million per year after an initial three-year COT investment. Members asked about duplication of funding, licensing, local government use, and whether multi-factor authentication would be required; COT said the GIS data is being acquired as statewide unlicensed data and that MFA would be available but not yet mandated statewide. Committee members pressed COT on costs, overlap with cabinet-level IT spending, and the practical benefits of the GIS and identity projects. COT explained that GIS hosting is generally covered through enterprise assessments billed quarterly to agencies, while the new aerial data is intended to benefit the whole state and local partners. On the identity project, officials said it would centralize authentication for citizens who use state systems, improve compliance with zero-trust and NIST-related security expectations, and reduce help desk and maintenance burdens through self-service account tools. Members also discussed whether the system would extend to local governments; COT said it would be a Kentucky.gov-style state login for users inside the state identity infrastructure, not a local-government system. The Department of Education then testified that it does not operate mainframes or major legacy systems, having moved long ago to cloud-based, off-the-shelf products and vendor-supported services. KDE officials described a strong emphasis on staff cybersecurity awareness, standardized statewide systems, vendor risk-sharing, and reducing sensitive data exposure, including efforts to move away from student Social Security numbers. They also highlighted a transition from Microsoft Active Directory to Identity Automation, which they said will improve identity management and make multi-factor authentication universal across K-12. In response to questions about Kentucky Wired and internet service, KDE said all 171 school districts and KDE agencies have been moved to a new next-generation internet service through ENA by Zayo, with strong satisfaction, e-rate savings, and better reliability. Officials warned that any internet disruption would immediately affect attendance, grades, student records, payroll, security systems, and communications across the K-12 system.