Transcript Highlights:

• The key concepts are, first, for utilities reducing peaks. Peak usage can save a lot of money.
• So again, reducing utility peaks saves money.
• Using a VPP solely for peak shaving would be like buying a car and only using it to go to the grocery
• Using a VPP solely for<00:58:17.359> peak<00:58:17.680> shaving<00:58:18.000> would<
• shaving would be like buying a for peak shaving would be like buying a car<00:58:19.119> and<

Bills: HF2986, HF3555

Keywords: virtual power plant, VPP, distributed energy resources, DER, demand response, load management, grid modernization, peak demand, peak shaving, battery storage, energy storage, solar photovoltaic, solar panels, electric vehicles, smart thermostats, heat pumps, aggregator, public utilities commission, PUC, rate recovery

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, we additionally have peak shaving facilities.
• Uh we additionally have peak<00:25:40.960> shaving<00:25:41.360> facilities.
• This is used uh peak shaving facilities.
• right<00:46:01.760> virtual peak shaving for example right virtual peak shaving for example
• <00:47:29.200> shaving<00:47:29.520> and without thinking about peak shaving and without

Bills: HF4770

Keywords: biomass, anaerobic digester, renewable energy, sustainability, energy generation

Summary: The committee approved the March 26 minutes and then took up House File 4770, as amended by an A1 technical amendment. The bill was presented as a proposal to help Liberty Diversified International and Liberty Paper in Becker plan for replacement steam and energy supply as the Shuro facility closure approaches in 2030. Testimony described Liberty Paper’s current closed-loop steam arrangement with Shuro, the need to study future fuel and technology options, and the potential use of anaerobic digestion, biomass, construction and demolition waste, and food waste to produce steam and possibly power. Members asked about feedstock availability, the need for a feasibility study, possible backup natural gas use, and whether waste heat or wastewater heat could be useful. The bill was laid over as amended. The committee then heard a presentation from CenterPoint Energy on Minnesota heating demand and electrification. CenterPoint staff said affordability and reliability are central concerns and outlined how the utility manages customer costs through energy efficiency, contracting, storage, peak shaving, and conservation. Dr. Joel Lynch presented research on peak heating with natural gas and the “missing piece” in Minnesota’s electrification puzzle, explaining that Minnesota’s cold climate makes winter heating demand especially challenging and that replacing natural gas would require substantial new electric capacity and renewable resources. He compared his work with prior national and state studies and said the analysis used Minnesota-specific gas throughput, COP assumptions across several electrification scenarios, and January renewable capacity data. Lynch summarized preliminary findings that Minnesota’s peak gas heating throughput could be up to 40 gigawatts, with electric resistance heating implying roughly 36 gigawatts of new demand, and lower but still substantial demand under heat-pump scenarios. The presentation was informational only; no vote was taken on the CenterPoint presentation. The meeting ended with House File 4770 laid over and the energy demand presentation continuing.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:02:20.920> shaving Hampshire but also um for Peak shaving Hampshire but also um for Peak
• We would charge that in off-peak time from the grid and then discharge it to shave the peak at peak demand
• > the<00:14:14.759> Peak and then discharge it to shave the Peak and then discharge it
• to shave the Peak at<00:14:16.279> Peak<00:14:16.959> demand<00:14:17.959> um<00
• doesn't actually incentivize the peak doesn't actually incentivize the peak shaving<00:17:23.160

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• after late afternoon, early evening hours, and you can help shave the peak that way.
• the peak that way uh and so it and shave the peak that way uh and so it and around<00:53:05.880>
• these peaks, which potentially means, when you shave the peaks and can shift load off of the peak into
• > potentially help shave these Peaks which potentially help shave these Peaks which potentially means
• the Peaks and can means when you shave the Peaks and can shift<01:56:39.199> load<01:56:39.679

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have a summer peak now. We used to have a winter peak, like in the '60s and '70s.
• <00:39:18.079> Peak<00:39:19.119> with grid uh effort uh to Shave Peak with grid uh
• effort uh to Shave Peak with something<00:39:19.680> that's<00:39:20.079> pretty<00:39
• But that I think should be compared against the units we start up for peak shaving.
• That would be the comparison: batteries versus the peak shaving units that we start up, which are definitely

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So it would be fully charged in the event of a peak shaving event.
• And then they may also want to dispatch it to shave the peak, get that value, and then potentially recharge
• <05:04:47.600> value<05:04:48.240> and it to shave the peak, get that value and it
• to shave the peak, get that value and then<05:04:49.200> uh<05:04:49.360> potentially<05
• it for their peak shaving and there was it for their peak shaving and there was some<05:13:38.718>

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Using a VPP solely for peak shaving would be like buying a car and only using it to go to the grocery
• Using a VPP solely<00:23:17.039> for<00:23:17.280> peak<00:23:17.520> shaving<00
• :23:17.919> would<00:23:18.080> be<00:23:18.159> like solely for peak shaving would
• be like solely for peak shaving would be like buying<00:23:18.559> a<00:23:18.799> car
• handled the peak instead. handled the peak instead.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: Representative Craft presented House File 2986, as amended with the DE6, and asked that it be laid over for possible inclusion. He described the bill as an affordability measure centered on virtual power plants, explaining that aggregating distributed energy resources such as solar panels, batteries, EVs, smart thermostats, heat pumps, and water heaters can help utilities reduce peak demand and avoid costly generation and distribution investments. He said the bill would require utilities to reduce system peak through a virtual power plant program by 5% by the end of 2028 and 10% by the end of 2032, using an independent third-party RFP process, with plans incorporated into integrated resource planning and a savings clause if requirements prove infeasible. Testimony in support came from the Department of Commerce, Vote Solar, Solar United Neighbors, Kite Rocket, and Mincia. Supporters said virtual power plants can function like grid-scale resources, lower spot-market and peak costs, improve reliability and resilience, and make better use of existing distribution infrastructure. Commerce said the approach fits an all-of-the-above strategy and noted consumer protections in the bill, including standards for contracts, disclosures, dispatch frequency, notice, opt-out, and compensation. Several supporters cited estimates of significant savings, including a national DOE estimate of 10% to 20% of peak load by 2030 and a Minnesota-specific estimate from Solar United Neighbors of about $63.5 million in savings if 10% of peak demand were met with VPPs in 2030. Committee members raised questions about how much cheaper VPPs are than peaker plants and whether utilities, especially Xcel Energy, are already implementing similar programs. Representative Baker expressed concern that the bill could move faster than the technology or market would naturally develop and asked about the risk of forcing utilities into a mandate before the economics are fully proven. In response, a Solar United Neighbors witness pointed to a fact sheet and Brattle Group-based analysis comparing VPP costs and benefits in Xcel territory, while an Xcel representative said the company has been discussing the bill with Representative Craft for months. The bill was laid over for possible inclusion, and no final vote on the bill itself was taken in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• also saves ratepayers money by reducing the need for costly new grid infrastructure and expensive peak
• DER will shave those peaks and reduce the times ISO New England thinks they are needed and will limit
• We need to shave the peaks of those high-demand mountaintops.
• Peak energy demand comes when the energy system is at its most stressed.
• peaks.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing focused broadly on solar policy and several related bills, especially S. 2269, S. 2270, H. 3520, H. 3521, and related measures on distributed energy resources, municipal solar caps, permitting reform, and tax credits. Testimony from the Air Force supported S. 2232, which would exempt federal military installations from renewable energy production caps and net metering limits to support energy resilience at bases like Hanscom. Most other witnesses argued that Massachusetts needs to speed up rooftop, municipal, and community solar deployment to address high electricity prices, federal tax credit rollbacks, grid reliability, and climate goals. A major theme was streamlining permitting through automated or “smart” solar permitting, including a statewide platform managed by DOER. Permit Power, SEIA, Vote Solar, 350 Mass, and others said current local permitting is fragmented and costly, and that instant permitting could reduce soft costs and speed installations. Several witnesses also urged changes to interconnection rules, including flexible interconnection, remote inspections, and faster utility approval timelines. Some speakers raised concerns about small towns lacking staff to meet short deadlines and suggested a state-hosted platform to reduce the burden on municipalities. Another major topic was lifting caps on solar deployment. Municipal officials from Lexington and Cambridge said the 10-megawatt municipal cap and regional caps are blocking shovel-ready projects and should be removed, including for behind-the-meter municipal solar and MBTA-community housing. Other witnesses described additional limits on project size, net metering, and residential tax credits, and called for making the state residential solar credit refundable and larger. Several speakers also supported virtual power plants, distributed energy resource targets, solar canopies, microgrids, and expanded access for affordable housing, tenants, and low- and moderate-income customers. No votes were taken. Committee members asked questions about permitting timelines, grid modernization, the rationale for caps, balcony solar, and interconnection delays, and witnesses said they would follow up with additional information where needed. The hearing ended with broad support from industry, municipal, environmental, and advocacy groups for advancing the solar and distributed energy bills, while some witnesses opposed provisions they viewed as overly restrictive, such as mandatory SMART participation for all solar projects.

Transcript Highlights:

• During times of peak electricity demand, we are already counting on solar to keep the lights on without
• It suggested 14 days shaved off the typical permit, not two weeks rather than three weeks. about that
• It suggested 14 days shaved off the typical permit, not two weeks rather than three weeks.
• It helps reduce the need for expensive peak power and transmission upgrades.
• the peak load and deepen system cost savings.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The hearing focused on ways Massachusetts can accelerate solar deployment, lower costs, and preserve reliability as electricity demand rises and federal support for solar and other renewables changes. Chair Creem opened by emphasizing solar’s role in meeting climate mandates and peak demand, citing June heat-wave data showing behind-the-meter solar reduced wholesale prices and saved ratepayers money. Commissioner Elizabeth Mahoney of DOER said Massachusetts has grown from 3 MW of solar in 2008 to 3.5 GW today, highlighted SMART 3.0 as a flexible, evergreen incentive program, and said DOER is working on updated rates, interconnection reforms, flexible interconnection, net crediting, and a petition to the DPU to speed implementation. She also said Massachusetts joined the lawsuit over canceled federal Solar for All funding. Committee members and witnesses discussed several policy changes to speed projects before federal tax credits expire, including automated permitting, remote inspections, faster interconnection, and changes to caps on municipal and regional solar development. Senator Barrett pressed Mahoney on whether the 10 MW municipal cap and regional caps should be lifted, and on whether the state should increase its solar tax credit to offset the loss of the federal residential credit. Mahoney said the municipal cap should be revisited and that interconnection cost allocation and other market issues need to be worked out before lifting broader caps. She also said DOER is open to automated permitting and is already developing a permitting portal under the 2024 climate law. Industry and advocacy witnesses largely supported streamlining measures. Sunrun’s Bronte Payne urged removal of a proposed requirement that all net-metered facilities enroll in SMART, and recommended automated permitting, remote inspections, flexible interconnection, better hosting-capacity information, consumer protections, and continued support for Connected Solutions and virtual power plants. Permit Power’s Hannah Bernbaum and Solar App’s Matthew McAllister argued that smart permitting and remote inspections can significantly reduce soft costs and delays, with McAllister saying Solar App now operates in over 320 jurisdictions and saves about three weeks on average. They said remote inspections are already common and can be done safely with photos, video, and qualified third parties. Community solar and clean energy advocates, including CCSA’s Kate Daniel and Vote Solar’s Lindsay Griffin, supported a 10 GW solar target by 2035, a higher refundable state tax credit for low-income households, interconnection reforms, flexible interconnection, and preserving the option to build outside SMART so projects can retain renewable energy certificates. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational, and members requested follow-up materials and draft language from witnesses.

Transcript Highlights:

• to meet peak demand um because<01:03:18.079> we<01:03:18.400> can<01:03:18.960> shave
• because we can shave our peak demand. because we can shave our peak demand.
• So there's no real incentive to shift to shave peak.
• So there's no real incentive to shift to shave peak.
• know the incentive to shave their peak. know the incentive to shave their peak.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• load shaving.
• :45:29.880> volage<00:45:30.240> regulation<00:45:30.800> or<00:45:31.280> Peak
• supporting volage regulation or Peak supporting volage regulation or Peak load<00:45:33.240>
• shaving<00:45:34.240> now<00:45:35.040> um<00:45:35.160> as<00:45:35.240>
• power if you have an issue for with Peak power if you have an issue for um<00:45:50.079> that

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• peak?
• are savings uh to rateayers by shaving are savings uh to rateayers by shaving peak.<04:05:45.840
• <04:12:42.479> amounts, to shave peak costs by certain amounts, to shave peak costs by certain
• curve, when a particular resource could cycle every day and shave that peak and flatten that demand
• every day and shave that peak and and every day and shave that peak and and flatten<04:55:58.000

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• In other words, being willing to shut down on the half-dozen worst peak events in the year so that the
• utility doesn't have to build all of the infrastructure to serve that equipment during the peak loads
• shave.
• In other words, being willing to shut down on the half a dozen worst peak events in the year so that
• shave.

Keywords: 904, all

Summary: The House Transportation Committee held a work session focused heavily on Climate Commitment Act transportation spending and electrification programs. Staff first reviewed roughly $2.2 billion in CCA transportation allocations over three biennia, noting that the largest shares went to public transportation, active transportation, ferry electrification, ZEV programs, rail freight/ports, and planning, with about half of the electrification and fuel-conversion spending tied to state ferries. Members asked for more detail comparing CCA dollars with the broader transportation budget and for total project costs, not just CCA contributions. The Department of Ecology presented on the zero-emission school bus program. Ecology said the legislature codified the program in 2024 and requires electric buses once diesel and electric costs are equivalent, with exemptions available when electric buses cannot meet district needs. Ecology reported $38.3 million in CCA funding for 2025-27, with $21.4 million already obligated or spent to replace 91 diesel buses in 28 districts, plus additional federal EPA funding leveraged for 13 more buses. Members asked about health impacts, parity timing, rural route exemptions, charging and training costs, and whether the program includes infrastructure; Ecology said the grants cover buses, charging, and sometimes training, and that the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction is developing the cost-equivalency formula. The Department of Commerce described its clean transportation role, including EV rebates, charging infrastructure, tribal electric boats, and the EV Coordinating Council. Commerce said its rebate program was designed to lower monthly payments for low-income households, that 89% of recipients said the rebate was essential to their purchase, and that lease incentives helped draw additional federal dollars. Members asked about tribal boat details, utility interconnection and curtailment, range anxiety, and vandalism at charging stations; Commerce said battery storage and managed charging are being used in some projects, some utilities are more responsive than others, and vandalism remains a challenge. The Department of Enterprise Services reported 567 Level 2 and 46 Level 3 charging ports installed at 82 state sites, with 19 more sites in progress and over $100 million in additional candidate projects. DES said most funding is for new infrastructure, though some VW settlement money is used for replacements, and members asked about charger replacement needs, mobile charging, and EV fleet purchasing data. WSDOT then outlined its EV infrastructure and transit programs. It said the Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Partnership program has funded 23 new charging sites this biennium, including overburdened communities and tribal locations, and has supported 264 DC fast-charging ports statewide. WSDOT also described the new Washington Zero Emission Incentive Program, a point-of-sale voucher program for zero-emission commercial vehicles and equipment with $112 million available this biennium; it reported strong early demand, especially for off-road equipment and heavy trucks, and said technical assistance is being provided to help businesses participate. In public transportation, WSDOT said CCA funds support bus and bus facility grants, commute trip reduction, green transportation capital projects, paratransit, tribal transit, zero-emissions access car share, and other mobility projects, with most awards benefiting overburdened communities. Finally, WSDOT’s rail freight and ports division said port electrification projects are underway but spending is still low because of long design, permitting, utility, and supply-chain timelines; it estimated the $89.8 million program could reduce more than 140,000 metric tons of emissions over 10 years. Members questioned the pace of spending, the Northwest Seaport drayage project, and how state funds can leverage additional federal or port resources.

Transcript Highlights:

• In other words, being willing to shut down on the half-dozen worst peak events in the year so that the
• utility doesn't have to build all of the infrastructure to serve that equipment during the peak loads
• into in the interconnection timelines and then also with managed charging, the concept of trying to peak
• shave.
• shave.

Summary: The House Transportation Committee held a work session focused on Climate Commitment Act transportation spending and electrification programs. Staff first reviewed overall CCA transportation allocations, saying about $2.2 billion has been allocated over three biennia, with major categories including public transportation, active transportation, ferry electrification, zero-emission vehicle programs, rail/ports, and planning. Members asked for additional breakdowns comparing CCA dollars with total program costs across categories. The Department of Ecology presented on the zero-emission school bus grant program. Ecology said the program was codified in 2024 and supports the transition from diesel to electric school buses, including buses, charging infrastructure, and training. For 2025-27, Ecology received $38.3 million in CCA funding; $21.4 million is already obligated or spent, replacing 91 diesel buses in 28 districts, with the rest to be awarded by the end of the biennium. Members asked about cost parity, exemptions for rural and extracurricular routes, health data, and whether the funding covers chargers as well as buses. Ecology said OSPI is developing the parity formula and exemptions are available when electric buses cannot meet district needs. The Department of Commerce described its clean transportation role, including EV rebates, tribal charging and electric boat projects, and the EV Coordinating Council. Commerce said its rebate program was designed to lower monthly costs and prioritize low-income households, with 89% of recipients saying the rebate was essential to their purchase. It also reported strong demand for charging grants, progress on tribal projects, and concerns about utility interconnection timelines, vandalism, and range anxiety. The Department of Enterprise Services reported on state agency EVSE projects, saying it has completed 82 sites with 567 Level 2 ports and 46 DC fast chargers, and that current projects will add 152 more Level 2 ports; members asked about replacing aging chargers and the state’s EV fleet purchasing mix. WSDOT closed with updates on charging, transit, and port electrification. It said its corridor charging program has awarded 23 sites this biennium, with 13 in overburdened communities and five tribal sites, and that the Washington Zero Emission Incentive Program opened with $112 million for vouchers for zero-emission commercial vehicles and equipment. WSDOT also described transit grants, including bus and bus facility funding, commute trip reduction, paratransit, tribal transit, and zero-emissions access car-share projects. The rail freight and ports division reported $89.8 million for port electrification projects, including shore power and drayage trucks, but noted only about 10% has been spent so far because projects are still in design and permitting. Members raised concerns about funding gaps, supply-chain delays, utility capacity, and whether the programs are sufficient to meet broader electrification needs.

Transcript Highlights:

• Specifically, we'd use the batteries to Shave demand during peak times to make headroom for the data
• batteries can shave that peak without a single shovel breaking ground on a new power plant.
• Distributed batteries can shave that peak without a single shovel breaking ground on a new power plant
• During those peaks, bring the demand down.
• You can use it for peak cost. You can use the vehicle battery for peak cost reduction as well.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We shave the peak. We don't have to build as much infrastructure, and so we save money.
• But if we're really standing for the ratepayers, we're going to take steps that are shaving those peaks
• We shave the peak. We don't have to build as much infrastructure, and so we save money.
• But if we're really standing for the ratepayers, we're going to take steps that are shaving those peaks
• We shave the peak. We don't have to build as much infrastructure, and so we save money.

Keywords: House streaming session for Friday, February 6, 2026, 957, house, all

Summary: The House convened with 117 members present, then 123 after a quorum call, and proceeded through routine introductions and referrals, including introductory House bills 959 through 1018, House Joint Resolution 8, House Simple Resolution 1, several Senate bills, and bond initiatives referred to Appropriations. The main floor item was House Bill 1, concerning investor-owned electric and gas utility cost recovery limitations, which was on third reading and final passage. Debate on HB 1 focused on whether the bill would meaningfully lower utility bills and whether it was necessary given existing Public Service Commission authority. Supporters argued the bill would prevent ratepayers from bearing the cost of executive bonuses and other compensation above $250,000, saying utilities can still pay those costs from shareholder profits and that the measure would save money for customers, even if only modestly. Opponents argued the PSC already has authority to review executive compensation, warned the bill could be largely symbolic or misleading, and said it might encourage utilities to shift bonuses into base salaries or harm recruitment and service quality. Several members also argued the bill did not address other drivers of high bills, such as riders and program costs, and one member said the General Assembly itself was responsible for rising energy costs. No final vote on HB 1 was shown in the transcript excerpt, but members on both sides stated their intended positions, with supporters urging a yes vote and opponents indicating they would vote no. The discussion ended with another member beginning remarks about taking on concentrated corporate power and standing with working people.

Transcript Highlights:

• Example is shaving the peak load or avoiding distribution and transmission.
• > and shaving peak providing reliability and shaving peak providing reliability and resilience
• > peak<00:10:35.120> load<00:10:35.440> or Example is shaving the peak load or Example
• is shaving the peak load or avoiding<00:10:36.480> distribution<00:10:36.959> and<00:10
• The response was that the bill starts with peak demand, or peak load shaving, as the first target.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• possible loss of natural resources have gone unchecked, as the state has realized with the Hermit's Peak
• We're also looking at ways that we cannot just make this a battery or a peaking unit, but can we make
• The state of New Mexico peaks in July. Uh, around 3 to 5.
• Uh, this facility in Questa could serve up to 15,000 homes, uh, probably during peak and about 25,000
• during non-peak.

Transcript Highlights:

• Dependence on peak oil and gas and to steer us into a 21st century energy future where we will be both
• Because this is precisely the kind of innovation that can free us from the expensive peak energy from
• off the peak demand on the grid that requires the most expensive investment plans from all ratepayers
• THE SOLUTION TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS AND SHA SHAVE A LITTLE BT OFF THEIR ELECTRIC BILL.
• OFF THE PEAK DEMAND ON THE GRID THAT REQUIRES THE MOST EXPENSIVE INVEST PLANS FROM ALL RATE PAYER.

Keywords: 993, senate, all

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several guest introductions, including students from Brooklyn and St. John’s University, followed by adoption of the resolution calendar with exceptions for two items. The chamber then took up a series of previously adopted resolutions recognizing Black Maternal Health Week, Workplace Violence Prevention Month, the one-year anniversary of the Jet Set nightclub tragedy in the Dominican Republic, New York Constitution Day, and the Month of the Military Child. Senators speaking on the maternal health resolution emphasized racial disparities in maternal mortality and the need for culturally competent care; the workplace violence resolution highlighted hospital safety programs; the Jet Set resolution was adopted in memory of the victims; and the Constitution Day speech reviewed New York’s delayed but eventual support for independence in 1776. The military child resolution stressed the sacrifices of military families and support for children of service members. All of these resolutions were adopted, and the resolutions were opened to co-sponsorship. The Senate then moved through the third reading calendar, passing several bills and laying others aside. Measures passed included bills on public health, environmental conservation, executive law, public authorities, and consumer protection. One notable debate involved a bill to require transparency from private arbitration organizations handling consumer cases; supporters argued it would provide basic public data and guard against conflicts of interest, while opponents said it would burden a useful dispute-resolution process and intrude on privacy. The bill passed after debate. Another debated bill would phase out number 4 heating oil statewide; supporters said cleaner alternatives exist and the fuel is harmful to public health, while opponents raised cost and transition concerns, especially for colder regions. That bill also passed. The chamber also considered a bill to create a rebate program for battery-powered landscaping equipment, funded through utility-related mechanisms administered by NYSERDA. Supporters said it would reduce air and noise pollution and help companies transition, while opponents argued ratepayers should not subsidize landscaping equipment. The bill passed after being restored to the non-controversial calendar. Finally, the Senate began discussion of a housing-related bill aimed at preserving manufactured home parks by enabling nonprofits or municipalities to acquire development rights and keep the land dedicated to that use, with the sponsor explaining that the goal is to protect affordable housing and help residents remain in their homes.

Transcript Highlights:

• shaving load, or load shed, unless the grid is at capacity and the PUC gives the thumbs up to do so,
• shaving load, or load shed, unless the grid is at capacity and the PUC gives the thumbs up to do so,
• shaving load, or load shed, unless the grid is at capacity and the PUC gives the thumbs up to do so,
• Second, they use it during peak hours or charges for other sources of electricity.
• service it will not be used for Peak service it will not be used for Peak shaving<01:35:39.880><

Keywords: 1187, senate, all