Video & Transcript Research : 'loan assistance'

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MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 4/15/26

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Yes, I'd like to, but I did notice one correction on the second page: Assistant Commissioner Peter Kesset's
  • through June 30th of the year 2030, which I think is a very important aspect to the down payment assistance
  • to the down payment assistance program. to the down payment assistance program.
  • A roll call having been requested, the committee legislative assistant will take the roll.
  • A roll call having been requested, the committee legislative assistant will take the roll.
Bills: HF3548
Summary: The Agricultural Finance and Policy Committee met on April 15, 2026, approved the April 13 minutes with a correction to Assistant Commissioner Peter Kesset’s name, and then took up House File 3548. The bill, moved by Chair Anderson for re-referral to Ways and Means, centered on the farmer down payment assistance program and the Department of Agriculture’s budget and policy provisions. Anderson described the DE4 amendment as compromise language that reserved up to 25% of funds for applicants with purchase contracts, removed a proposed marijuana exclusion, and allowed appropriated funds to remain available through June 30, 2030 rather than reverting to the general fund at the end of the biennium. Laura Schreiber of the Land Stewardship Project testified in support, emphasizing the importance of keeping funds available and urging that grants remain capped at $20,000 so more farmers could participate. The committee then adopted several amendments. A23, described as the governor’s budget request and department policy bill, was adopted and included moving the Emerging Farmers Office into the Agricultural Marketing and Development subdivision, combining some reports into the Agri report, and addressing delegated authority with MDA. A17, allowing certain eggs past their quality assurance date to be donated to food shelves under specific handling requirements, was adopted. A18, adjusting per diem rates for certain non-representative committee members, was adopted. A19, shifting about $20,000 to support farm land transition services such as mediation, contracts, financial planning, tax preparation, estate planning, and housing assistance, was also adopted. A22, which combined funding for wolf depredation claims and the local food purchasing program, drew the most debate. Representative Smith questioned why the two items were combined and sought to divide the amendment, but staff said that would be problematic because the funding changes were interdependent. Supporters said the amendment would pay about 80% of wolf-loss claims and add money for local food purchasing, while opponents argued the local food need was greater and the wolf depredation approach was not the best use of funds. The roll call on A22 was confusing in the transcript, but the amendment ultimately prevailed. A21, which would have removed a physical-contact requirement for farm cervidae containment, failed on a 7-7 tie after opponents argued it would weaken disease protections and supporters said the fencing costs were driving deer farmers out of business. Hansen then declined to move A24, which would have advanced a paraquat ban, saying there was no agreement and he did not want a negative vote at that time. After the DE4 as amended was adopted, the committee took a final roll call on House File 3548 as amended. The bill failed on a 6-8 vote and was laid over. In closing, members on both sides said the bill contained useful provisions for farmers, but disagreement over the unresolved paraquat issue prevented the committee from advancing it.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 2/23/26

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • But we just again provide technical assistance and administrative assistance to that team.
  • Just again provide technical assistance and administrative assistance to that team.
  • will be taking advantage of an FSA loan. will be taking advantage of an FSA loan.
  • farmer down payment assistance program. farmer down payment assistance program.
  • Assistant there.
Bills: HF3508, HF3548, HF3549
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Appropriations Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:00 am

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • use that to pay the loan off and the next session will pay it off.
  • But within that, What I learned is that the hospital loan thing was at 1%.
  • And I believe they're eligible for $20 million for a federal loan.
  • There's different kinds of loans they have to go through.
  • I think establishing this new loan fund is very important.
Bills: SB2225, HB1619
Summary: The Appropriations Committee met to clear several remaining bills and discussed scheduling around upcoming conference committees. The chair noted that full committee meetings would likely be held after floor session, while Thursday and Friday mornings were being reserved for conference committees. Members also discussed how conference committees would be scheduled and where they would appear on their dashboards. The committee first took up House Bill 1577, relating to wastewater facility grants. Amendments were adopted to create a loan/line-of-credit mechanism through the Bank of North Dakota and the Department of Environmental Quality to keep two canceled federal BRIC-funded projects moving: a lagoon project in Fezenden and a wastewater treatment project in Lincoln. Members emphasized the language was intended to apply only to those projects and to preserve the possibility of federal reimbursement later. The amendment passed 16-0, and the bill as amended received a 15-1 do pass recommendation. The committee then reconsidered House Bill 1009 and adopted an additional amendment transferring the remaining balance in the bioscience innovation grant fund to the general fund, rather than issuing another round of grants. That amendment passed 16-0, and the bill as amended also received a 16-0 do pass recommendation. Finally, the committee considered House Bill 1619, creating a long-term care facility loan fund and adjusting an existing medical facility loan program. After discussion, members amended the bill to reduce the long-term care fund cap to $10 million per project, set the interest rate at 2%, extend repayment to 30 years, and align the medical facility loan program to 2% with a 30-year term. The amendment passed 14-2, and the bill as amended received a 16-0 do pass recommendation.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • consideration of legislation we initiated last week, as well as an additional bill related to disaster assistance
  • An additional bill related to disaster assistance.
  • by Senators Scott (member_3738) and Schiff (member_3508) to increase transparency in SBA's disaster loan
  • disaster victims across the country from receiving assistance when they needed it most.
  • We will move on to amendments to S.300, the Disaster Loan Accountability and Reform Act.
Bills: SB298, SB300, SB371
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Appropriations - Human Resources Division Apr 15th, 2025 at 09:00 am

Appropriations - Human Resources Division

Transcript Highlights:
  • back and reconsider and approve those. ...and if they do, then the federal money would pay off the loan
  • What's the word if they pay off the loan?
  • But anyway, so they would pay off that loan, and if not, then the state would, and we would have taken
  • up next session and see if we can, we would pay that loan off.
  • then the state would, and we would have taken up next session and see if we can, we would pay that loan
Bills: HB1012
Summary: The Senate Appropriations Human Services Division met to consider House Bill 1012, the Department of Human Services budget, and reviewed three previously made amendments: correcting a reference to $30 million underfunding, changing “human service centers” to “behavioral health clinics,” and revising section 31 language so the department would review medical assistance services and report findings and recommendations rather than directly implement adjustments. The committee also discussed whether to include funding related to two other bills with fiscal impacts, House Bill 1485 (personal needs allowance) and House Bill 2399 (PRTF reimbursement), noting those measures may go to conference committee and that appropriations could be added there instead of in HB 1012. The committee agreed to proceed with HB 1012 and members noted provider inflation questions would be raised later in full committee. The division then approved a due pass recommendation on the amendments to HB 1012 and, after a roll call vote, approved HB 1012 as amended on a 4-1 vote, with Senator Mathern voting no. Senator Davison was named as carrier. Members also discussed House Bill 1577, involving wastewater project financing and possible amendments related to a line of credit from the Bank of North Dakota for specific projects, and House Bill 1619, for which additional amendments were expected before full committee action. The meeting ended with general thanks and adjournment.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Housing Finance and Policy Committee 4/8/26

Housing Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • One, to address the direct housing assistance through housing vouchers to make sure that Minnesotans
  • One, to address the direct housing assistance through housing vouchers to make sure that Minnesotans
  • One is for rental assistance, and 25% to be allocated to Bring It Home Minnesota.
  • ,<00:58:23.920> and access to down payment assistance, and access to down payment assistance
  • , improvements, or provision of loans, improvements, or provision of loans, grants,<01:17:05.160>
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 4/8/26

Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • We had over 80 small business emergency loans and close to a dozen loan guarantees.
  • We had over 80 small business emergency loans and close to a dozen loan guarantees.
  • We had over 80 small business emergency loans and close to a dozen loan guarantees.
  • We had over 80 small business emergency loans and close to a dozen loan guarantees.
  • loans would only deepen this crisis. loans would only deepen this crisis.
Bills: HF4477
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/23/26

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • program that we other farm assistance program that we have,<00:44:48.640> which<00:44:48.880>
  • or funding to be banks and get loans or funding to be able<00:45:09.280> to<00:45:09.359>
  • So getting the approval to align with the needs of the down payment assistance doesn't always fit.
  • the needs of the down payment assistance the needs of the down payment assistance doesn't<00:56:
  • I'm assistant commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • assistance provided by our program, which is up to 4% of the loan amount.
  • Right now, the down payment assistance loan is at 1% simple interest per year.
  • Right now the down payment assistance Right now the down payment assistance loan<00:57:05.200>
  • HP2270 related to the down payment loan HP2270 related to the down payment loan assistance<01:54
  • Next item on the agenda is HP 2270 related to the down payment loan assistance program.
Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 1604, which would create an agricultural workforce housing group within the Department of Agriculture and Biosecurity to address shortages of farmworker housing. The department said it supported the bill’s intent but emphasized that the group’s early work should focus on gathering data and surveying farm operators to assess actual demand, to avoid “mission creep.” Testimony from the City and County of Honolulu Office of Economic Revitalization, Hawaii Farmers Union, Hawaii Farm Bureau, Housing Hawaii’s Future, and the Maui Chamber of Commerce was in support, with one witness suggesting a housing advocacy nonprofit be added to the working group for balance. The committee then discussed HB 1713 on school impact fees, which would clarify exemptions for certain affordable housing projects and exempt new residential developments of fewer than 100 units. The Attorney General’s office said the bill should define “low to moderate income households” because that term is not defined in chapter 302A. HHFDC, the School Facilities Authority, Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, and others supported the measure, arguing it would reduce administrative burden and remove barriers to housing. Members questioned whether the bill should instead repeal the school impact fee entirely; supporters said they also favored full repeal but viewed this bill as a more feasible step. The School Facilities Authority also explained that about $28 million in school impact fees had been collected across four districts and none had yet been spent, and discussed how recent nexus requirements limit how the funds can be used. HB 1722, relating to residential condominiums, drew extensive testimony and questioning. HCDA supported the bill and explained that it amends the 99-year leasehold pilot program created by Act 97 of 2023 by reducing owner-occupancy restrictions from 100% of units to 60%, allowing some rental or subleasing flexibility for the owner-occupied units, and permitting up to 40% of units to be sold to qualified residents after being on the market for more than 60 days. HCDA said the original restrictions, combined with rising construction costs, higher interest rates, and competition from nearby projects, made the pilot project difficult to market and finance; it said the changes are needed to make the project feasible and competitive. Supporters including AP Hawaii, Kila LLC, and project representatives said the amendments would help make the demonstration project in Kakaʻako viable. Some members raised concerns that the changes could weaken long-term affordability and questioned why certain ownership language was being deleted if rentals would still be restricted. No votes or final committee actions were taken in the portion of the hearing provided.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 3/24/26

Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • For about 15 years, the Emerging Entrepreneur Loan Program and the Small Business Assistance Partnership
  • Loan Account and 1 million to the Small Business Assistance Partnership Program, distributed through
  • Program and the Small Entrepreneur Loan Program and the Small Business<00:02:17.600> Assistance
  • c> Account<00:02:32.960> and Loan Program Revolving Loan Account and Loan Program Revolving
  • The Small Business Assistance Partnership Program and Emerging Entrepreneur Loan Program are proven funding
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations Mar 2nd, 2026

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • If they had loans or debts, they could write those off for federal purposes.
  • Floridians who need state agency assistance the most.
  • Floridians who need state agency assistance the most.
  • That is a repayment program, a loan repayment program.
  • Chris Carmody, Academy of Adoption and Assisted Reproduction Attorneys, speaking against.
Summary: The Appropriations Committee met and considered a large agenda of bills, reporting several measures favorably. Early action included SB 6, a settled claim bill involving the Department of Children and Families and the estate of Leila Estrada and Sapphire Williams, which was approved for $3.8 million. The committee also passed a cybersecurity internships bill creating a Department of Commerce program with Cyber Florida, and SB 532, which lets clerks of court retain the full amount of certain excess revenue and clarifies foreclosure-sale procedures. Veterans housing measures, CS for CS for SB 1602 and SB 1604, were approved to create a pilot program and a related trust fund for vacancy relief and risk mitigation for veteran housing. The committee also favorably reported SB 1110 on Medicaid and insurance coverage for orthotics and prosthetics, with emotional testimony from a student and family describing the high cost and importance of activity-specific prosthetics. Members also approved CS for CS for SB 1012 after adopting an amendment that removed inmate emergency and specialty medical service compensation provisions while retaining changes to the contractor-operated institutions inmate welfare trust fund. Another bill, CS for CS for SB 1614, was narrowed by a delete-all amendment to focus on limiting the use of excess fees for new building construction by local governments. All of these measures were reported favorably after brief debate, with some support testimony submitted in writing or waived. The most extensive discussion centered on CS for CS for SB 17, a major Medicaid and public assistance overhaul. The bill would create a Joint Legislative Committee on Medicaid Oversight, allow the Legislature to retain its own actuary, tighten Medicaid program oversight, update encounter-data reporting, set performance standards for managed care plans, revise pharmacy benefit manager rules, and require DCF to implement SNAP fraud-reduction and payment-accuracy reforms, including photo IDs on EBT cards and updated work requirements. It also would direct agencies to seek federal waivers for Medicaid work requirements for able-bodied adults and expanded behavioral health services. After lengthy questioning and testimony, the committee adopted amendments adding a transitional medical benefits glide path for people who gain employment and later lose Medicaid eligibility, and exempting hospice patients with six months or less to live. Supporters argued the bill would improve accountability, reduce fraud, and save money, while opponents warned it would create administrative burdens, increase paperwork, and cause eligible people to lose coverage or food assistance. The committee ultimately reported the bill favorably as amended.
US
Transcript Highlights:
  • All sorts of loans. Not just SBA loans. Loans that have helped create or retain 2,200 jobs.
  • Bank to assist businesses across Arkansas with 7A and other small business loans.
  • In addition to the loans, Common Capital helped us get marketing and technical assistance help from a
  • When we provide loans, we're not just providing loans to paper. We're providing loans to people.
  • These LSPs assist SBA lenders by referring, processing, and servicing loans and are often increasing
Summary: The committee meeting focused on discussions regarding the SBA's 7A loan program and its implementation challenges. Members raised significant concerns about recent changes to the underwriting standards, which have been criticized for leading to an increase in loan defaults. Ranking members expressed a desire for a return to stronger guidelines to protect taxpayers and ensure the program remains a viable source for small businesses struggling to secure funding. Testimonies from community lenders highlighted their efforts to support underserved communities and stressed the importance of the Community Advantage Program.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

House Floor Session Jan 23rd, 2026 at 09:00 am

North Dakota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Loan repayments will be returned to the Medical Facility Infrastructure Loan Fund, and the expiration
  • It is a loan. And the $5 million is coming from the general fund.
  • But the Bank of North Dakota would be the fiduciary of this loan.
  • Ruby: You know, we give out loans for infrastructure.
  • But they need this bridge-gap loan to get there.
Summary: The North Dakota House convened in special session with prayer, roll call, and a quorum present, then took up several rural health-related bills. Senate Bill 2401, as amended, required physicians to complete one hour of continuing education in nutrition and metabolic health each renewal cycle and also added language allowing criminal history background checks for the Board of Occupational Therapy Practice. Supporters emphasized the role of nutrition in reducing chronic disease, and the bill passed 92-0. The House then considered Senate Bill 2402, which expanded pharmacists’ limited prescriptive and therapeutic substitution authority for certain low-acuity conditions and clarified related lab-test and communication requirements. Members discussed examples such as motion sickness, cold sores, lice, hypoglycemia, COVID and flu testing, emergency access to medications and supplies, and limits excluding certain drug classes; the bill passed 91-1. Senate Bill 2403 created a temporary medical facility emergency operating loan option through the Bank of North Dakota for qualifying rural hospitals facing severe financial distress, with extensive debate over the targeted nature of the aid, anti-gifting concerns, repayment terms, and the hospital’s turnaround plan; it passed 80-12. Senate Bill 2404 appropriated funds for NDIT to address federal digital accessibility requirements and for the Public Service Commission’s litigation efforts related to transmission costs, with a backup loan authorization available if needed; it passed 92-0. At the close of the session, leaders thanked members and staff for their work on the rural health transformation package, a committee notified the Governor and the Senate that the House had completed its business, absent members were excused, and the House adjourned sine die.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

House Floor Session Jan 21st, 2026 at 08:30 am

North Dakota House Floor Meeting

Summary: The North Dakota House convened in special session with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and the reading of communications from the Secretary of State and Governor Kelly Armstrong certifying the special session call. The governor’s executive order said the session was called to act on funding for the Rural Health Transformation Program so the state could accept and appropriate federal funds and avoid interruptions to government services. Three new members, Representatives McNally, Scraw, and Timmons, were sworn in, and the roll showed 91 members present, establishing a quorum. The main business was a Rules Committee report outlining temporary special-session rules. The changes were designed to speed up floor action, including allowing second reading the same day a bill is reported from committee, final passage one day after first reading, and immediate transmission to the other chamber unless reconsideration is noticed. The report also replaced the regular standing committee structure with two joint committees: Joint Appropriations and Joint Policy, allowed remote testimony and remote member participation with approval, and limited bill introduction to Legislative Management-approved bills or bills approved by a two-thirds vote. Several deadline changes for resolutions and bill filing were also described, with some provisions delayed until the special session ends. The House adopted the Rules Committee report after a motion by Representative Bosch and no opposition. During announcements, the clerk listed the membership of the Joint Appropriations and Joint Policy committees, and the Highway Patrol announced safety sessions for legislators in the Rough Rider Room at 11 a.m. that day and the next day. The House then recessed until the joint session scheduled for 10 a.m. the following day.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Joint Appropriations Jan 21st, 2026 at 12:30 pm

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • loan fund.
  • It isn't an operating loan program.
  • And you do have to be financially solvent if you get this loan.
  • Medical Facility Infrastructure Loan Fund.
  • So if we give somebody a loan and CMS denies it, now who's on the hook, right?
Bills: HB1623
Summary: The committee first heard House Bill 1624, the “Universal Lunch Bill,” from Rep. Mike Nathie. He argued the proposal should be placed in Century Code rather than the Constitution so future legislatures can adjust it if state finances tighten, and said the bill would start the program a year earlier with a $65 million appropriation for one school year. DPI testified that the estimate did not include nonpublic schools that do not participate, and members questioned the impact on Title I, free-and-reduced applications, private-school accountability, breakfast mandates for schools that do not currently serve breakfast, and whether the funding could come from the DPI budget or other sources. Supporters, including North Dakota United, the North Dakota Catholic Conference, a pediatrician, and the American Heart Association, said universal meals improve student health and learning, reduce family costs, and are better handled in statute than by constitutional amendment. No opposition testimony was offered, and the chair closed the hearing for later work-session action. The committee then took up House Bill 1627, introduced by Rep. Tye Dressler, which would raise the income threshold for the state-funded school lunch program from 225% to 300% of poverty, with an estimated cost of about $7 million for 2026-27. Dressler said the bill is intended as a targeted, budget-friendly alternative to the ballot measure and emphasized that the state should maximize federal meal dollars while improving participation in the current program. Members questioned whether raising the threshold would actually increase utilization, whether a dollar amount would be clearer than a percentage, and how the change would affect federal reimbursements and application rates. DPI said it could quickly calculate additional percentage levels, and the chair closed the hearing, directing DPI to prepare more numbers for the work session. Finally, the committee opened Senate Bill 2403, presented by Sen. Schiable, to create a short-term bridge-loan program for financially distressed hospitals, centered on Jacobson Memorial Hospital in Elgin. The bill would authorize up to $5 million per loan, with a $10 million appropriation available on a first-come, first-served basis, and would run only through June 30, 2027. Schiable said the hospital’s debt and operating problems threaten local health care, ambulance service, and the community’s economy, and that the proposal was designed narrowly with Bank of North Dakota review to avoid creating a broad precedent. Committee members asked whether the appropriation could be reduced and whether the bank would still apply commercial feasibility and repayment standards; Schiable said yes, the bank would still evaluate the loan and could reject it if it was not sound.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Joint Appropriations Jan 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's why it's important that we have everybody's cooperation and assistance to make sure we get the
  • Technical assistance.
  • So technical assistance is huge. And again, I open this with this has never been done.
  • So we'll need technical assistance as it relates to the tech one.
  • We can’t afford more loans. I can tell you that we cannot afford more loans.
Bills: HB1623
Summary: The committee heard House Bill 1623, the appropriations bill tied to North Dakota’s Rural Health Transformation Program, which is funded through a new federal rural health care grant. Senator Bekkedahl explained the bill’s background, the interim committee process that developed it, and the federal conditions attached to the award, including spending deadlines, administrative cost limits, and restrictions on uses such as new construction, supplanting existing funding, and certain other costs. Legislative staff then walked through the seven sections of the bill, including appropriation authority, transfer authority, contingent appropriations for pass-through grants, procurement and public improvement exemptions, recipient reporting, legislative reporting, and immediate effective date. Commissioner Traynor and HHS staff described how the department plans to implement the program, emphasizing that the funding is intended to improve rural access, workforce recruitment and retention, technology and data connectivity, and community health initiatives. They said the department will rely on local applications, technical assistance, templates, listening sessions, and partnerships with providers, schools, public health units, tribal entities, and other community groups. Members asked about reimbursement timing, upfront costs, administrative expenses, sustainability after the five-year grant period, and whether CTE centers, public health units, gyms, grocery stores, and other community partners could participate; the department said yes, within program rules and with a focus on measurable outcomes and sustainability. Several supporters testified in favor. Mental Health America of North Dakota and the Mental Health Advocacy Network supported the bill and urged investment in community-based mental health, crisis response, children’s services, peer support, and mobile crisis teams. HIA Health described the grant as a chance to expand home-based and hospice care, noting that rural providers already have workable models but need funding to scale them. A cybersecurity representative also supported the bill, warning that the large amount of health data and AI-related tools will require strong data protection and professional support. The hearing was closed with no opposition testimony, and the committee announced it would return later in the day for further work on the bill and other measures.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee 3/12/25

Commerce Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • A conventional loan is a loan under the federal conforming loan limit that is not insured by VA or FHA
  • loan amount.
  • /c><00:06:33.440> the conventional loan is a loan under the conventional loan is a loan under
  • <00:07:56.599> or loan products such as personal loans or loan products such as personal loans
  • Bal loan balance to Affordable Loan Bal loan balance subordinate<00:08:21.039> lean<00:08:21.520
Bills: HF1865, HF2014, HF2028
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Hied Committee Meeting - 2025-04-01

Higher Education Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • If the requirement isn't met, the scholarship converts to a loan.
  • I'm the Assistant Commissioner for Programs, Policies, and Grants at OHE.
  • Something like physician assistants, which is an area that we do have a need for in the state.
  • Often, employers are willing to financially assist students with taking those next steps.
  • They had to take out loans. And so, it's not like we're flush with money over here.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee 4/1/25

Higher Education Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • If the requirement isn't met, the scholarship converts to a loan.
  • I'm the assistant commissioner for programs, policies, and grants at OHE.
  • <00:47:53.280> small handson experience in assisting small handson experience in assisting
  • > the legislaturator's assistance with the legislaturator's assistance with the bonding<00:51:
  • Um and so They had to take out loans.