Video & Transcript Research : 'airport infrastructure'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- goods from international border crossings to state highway system and reduce congestion near key infrastructure
- ensuring that they are made whole. back into their communities through vital transit service and infrastructure
- program created by our board of directors called Build Central Texas, and a transit supportive infrastructure
- elections injects a level of uncertainty that undermines the very foundation of sound, long-term infrastructure
- These partnerships are vital for large-scale infrastructure projects and a weakened regional commitment
Keywords:
high-speed rail, Texas Department of Transportation, TxDOT, public-private partnership, comprehensive development agreement, CDA, Interstate 35, I-35 corridor, Dallas, Waco, Austin, San Antonio, intercity passenger rail, rail infrastructure, private entity, transportation infrastructure, rail corridor, passenger rail, infrastructure finance, vehicle registration
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The FAA has changed the classification for reliever airports from the National Plan of Integrated Airport
- Systems to general aviation airports.
- Currently, there are 14 non-hub airports and 257 general aviation airports.
- Airport Systems to general aviation airports.
- Currently, there are 14 non-hub airports and 257 general aviation airports.
Keywords:
high-speed rail, Texas Department of Transportation, TxDOT, public-private partnership, comprehensive development agreement, CDA, Interstate 35, I-35 corridor, Dallas, Waco, Austin, San Antonio, intercity passenger rail, rail infrastructure, private entity, transportation infrastructure, rail corridor, passenger rail, infrastructure finance, vehicle registration
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- The Mankato Regional Airport.
- </c> the funding for this airport assembled. the funding for this airport assembled.
- airport.
- . infrastructure. infrastructure.
- </c> infrastructure for private companies. infrastructure for private companies.
Bills:
HF4156, HF3835, HF3995, HF4383, HF4091, HF4084, HF4311, HF198, HF4486, HF4302, HF4309, HF4032, HF3855, HF3673, HF4265, HF4012, HF4339, HF4298, HF3852
Keywords:
infrastructure, wastewater, stormwater, Buhl, state bonds, appropriations, economic development, water infrastructure, grants, capital investment, funding, state regulation, Frazee, North River Drive, infrastructure improvements, HF4383, Minnesota capital investment, bonding bill, Department of Natural Resources, DNR
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development Feb 18th, 2026
Appropriations Committee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- go ahead and start with tab number three, which is CS for Senate Bill 1342 on transportation, infrastructure
- cores like Miami-Dade County, Broward, and Pinellas County around transit corridors where the infrastructure
- Transit infrastructure is expensive, but it's worth it because it facilitates the movement of goods and
- A rail station at the Orlando airport should have different development standards than a bus stop...
- ...station at the Orlando airport should have different development standards than a bus stop in the
Keywords:
transportation, memorial, honorary designation, Miami-Dade, Charlie Kirk, transit-oriented development, housing affordability, mixed-use zoning, urban development, traffic congestion, elections, voter registration, citizenship, provisional ballots, election fraud, vertiports, aviation, airport infrastructure, economic development, veterans
Summary:
The committee first heard CS for SB 1342 on transit-oriented development by Senator Rouson, which seeks to expand housing near fixed transit corridors by updating TOD definitions and applying Live Local-style land-use principles to those areas. An amendment narrowed definitions, limited the bill to land-use and development regulations, removed a private cause of action, and added exclusions for environmentally sensitive areas, historic properties, and military installations. Supporters said the bill would increase housing supply near existing infrastructure and maximize the state’s transit investments, while local government groups and city leagues opposed it as a sweeping preemption of local zoning authority that could force high-density development without public hearings or adequate infrastructure planning. The committee adopted the amendment and then reported the bill favorably.
The committee then took up CS for SB 1334 on elections by Senator Grall, which would require documentary proof of citizenship in voter registration and related election processes, update how citizenship is verified through REAL ID and the SAVE database, clarify that paper ballots are the primary voting method, and add other election-related changes such as candidate eligibility rules and timelines. Two technical amendments were adopted. During extended questioning, senators raised concerns about how documents would be submitted and stored, whether voters without Florida IDs or REAL IDs—especially students, disabled voters, seniors, and homeless Floridians—could be flagged or burdened, and what fiscal and workload impacts the bill would have on supervisors of elections and state agencies. Supporters argued the bill would streamline verification and reduce duplicate paperwork, while many public speakers and some senators said it would create barriers to voting, increase costs, and risk disenfranchising eligible voters. The transcript ends during debate on the bill, before a final vote is shown.
Later, the committee considered CS for SB 1362 on advanced air mobility by Senator Harrell. A strike-all amendment aligned the bill with the House version and added vertiports and charging systems as eligible projects for public-private partnership funding, with FDOT authorized to fund certain vertiport costs within available resources. The bill drew support from industry and local representatives, and the committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The committee also heard SB 174, which designates a portion of State Road 985 in Miami-Dade County as Charlie Kirk Memorial Avenue and directs FDOT to install markers at an estimated cost of $2,400. The bill prompted significant debate over whether Kirk’s legacy warranted a state road designation, with opponents citing his controversial statements and arguing the honor was political and divisive, while supporters said the designation recognizes civic engagement near FIU and is symbolic rather than regulatory. The transcript ends during debate on SB 174, before any final action is shown.
LA
Louisiana 2026 Regular Session
Transportation, Highways and Public Works May 26th, 2026
Transportation, Highways & Public Works
Transcript Highlights:
- Design-build aspect of the airports. Correct. Okay, so it's only the average bid method? Yes, sir.
- Because I do think he is very passionate in his district about the vertiports and the airports.
- Number one, it's allowing design-build for airports. That's the section on page one.
- Is this specific for his airport in his area? No, no.
- In fact, we have a card from the Baton Rouge airport in support. Okay. Yes, sir. Thank you, Rep.
Keywords:
highway maintenance, signage, transportation safety, DOTD, infrastructure, public safety, federal grants, job creation, Utility Terrain Vehicles, UTVs, safety regulations, transportation, Louisiana, task force, vehicle operation, legislation, accidents, HCR112, House Concurrent Resolution 112, Louisiana Highway 1
Summary:
The House Transportation Committee met on May 26 with a quorum present and took up several resolutions and one Senate bill. SCR 64 created a task force to study construction management at risk (CMAR) in Louisiana public works; an amendment added representatives from the Louisiana Associated General Contractors and Associated Builders and Contractors, and the resolution was reported with amendments. HR 282 created a task force to study utility terrain vehicles with state agencies; an amendment added the State Fire Marshal, and it was also reported with amendments.
The committee then considered SB 513 on public works project delivery methods. The bill originally included an average-bid award method for certain pilot projects, along with airport design-build provisions. Testimony from a Reason Foundation analyst and from the Louisiana Associated General Contractors raised concerns that average-bid contracting could encourage collusion, raise costs, and lacked supporting data or use by U.S. transportation departments, while airport design-build was supported. The committee adopted an amendment in concept to strike the average-bid provisions, leaving the airport-related design-build language in place, and SB 513 was reported with amendments by a vote of 11 yeas and 4 nays.
The committee also reported SCR 62 favorably, which urges DOTD to evaluate school zones on state highways in response to safety concerns and near misses, including a fatal incident referenced by the author. HCR 112 was reported favorably to study flooding on Louisiana Highway 1 in Shreveport, and HR 275 was reported favorably to study an interstate highway signage maintenance and reporting program. The meeting concluded after all items were disposed of and the committee adjourned.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- It expands definitions of airport infrastructure to include vertiports, the landing locations, and necessary
- Vertiports are part of airport infrastructure, and they need statewide consistency so that we have standards
- that airports enjoy.
- Airports are very responsible." "Airports are very responsible.
- And when this is co-located with an airport, at an airport, you are essentially part of the airport.
Keywords:
electric vehicle, EV, battery fire, lithium-ion battery, towing, wrecker service, vehicle storage, submerged vehicle, saltwater damage, fire marshal, fire safety, tow yard, impound, storage fee, administration fee, local ordinance, county ordinance, municipal ordinance, insurance coverage, motor vehicle insurer
Summary:
The Senate Transportation Committee heard several bills, beginning with SB 1362 on advanced air mobility. Senator Harrell described the bill as a framework for vertiports and eVTOL aircraft, but an amendment removed the sales tax exemptions and narrowed the sovereign immunity provisions to vertiports co-located at airports. Supporters said the bill would help Florida lead in emerging aviation technology, while opponents and some members raised concerns about safety, local control, and extending immunity to unproven facilities. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably.
The committee also considered SB 260 on storage of damaged electric vehicles. The bill, as amended, would allow local governments to set a daily administrative fee of up to three times the normal rate for storing EVs with visible battery damage or saltwater intrusion, reflecting fire-safety spacing requirements. Testimony from insurers, towing interests, and fleet operators focused on whether the fee was justified, whether cleanup language could lead to cost shifting, and whether more data reporting should be required. The amendment was adopted and the bill was reported favorably.
Members then approved SB 1352, which creates a secure online portal for license plate seizures and related DMV functions, preserves disabled veterans’ plate designations, prohibits license plate covers that obscure plates, and routes online license and ID renewals through county tax collectors. SB 1370 was also reported favorably; it closes a loophole so drivers who never obtained a license can still face habitual traffic offender penalties after repeated offenses. Finally, the committee took up SB 1220, a broad FDOT transportation package. After amendment, it retained provisions on trails, SunTrail, seaports, airports, drone delivery, autonomous vehicle protections, and FDOT coordination on federal funding, while removing the digital driver’s license provision and the rapid rail compact language. The committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- My point is that if we don't collectively continue to invest in civic infrastructure, the other funds
- My name is Tom Warner, Executive Director of the Duluth Airport Authority.
- I have an airport in my district, too. Uh, and I just have a quick question.
- Are there any implementations of having a direct flight to Puerto Rico from the Duluth airport?
- </c> this infrastructure. Welcome, mayor. this infrastructure. Welcome, mayor.
Bills:
HF1972, HF229, HF1090, HF1084, HF1307, HF1274, HF1609, HF2110, HF211, HF216, HF222, HF224, HF225, HF203, HF206, HF207, HF208, HF227, HF246, HF427, HF466, HF502, HF680, HF971
Keywords:
community center, Breckenridge, capital investment, state bonds, economic development, HF229, North Branch Area Hockey Association, Stacy Ice Arena, Chisago County, general fund appropriation, grant, ice arena, hockey rink, youth sports, recreational facility, community arena, nonprofit, DEED, Department of Employment and Economic Development, local infrastructure
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 2/18/25
Judiciary Finance and Civil Law
Transcript Highlights:
- It increases the penalty for blocking a freeway, a highway, transit, or road to or from an airport.
- It increases the penalty on people who conspire to trespass or damage critical infrastructure such as
- It increases the penalty for blocking a freeway, a highway, transit, or road to or from an airport.
- </c><00:36:05.079><c> and</c> file 7 on critical infrastructure and file 7 on critical infrastructure
- </c> is the uh the critical infrastructure is the uh the critical infrastructure vicarious<01:15:35.600
Bills:
HF7
Keywords:
public safety, criminal justice, sentencing guidelines, Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission, public sentencing database, felony dismissals, prosecutor reporting, bail notice, bond posting, law enforcement data, arrest data, public records, sex trafficking, human trafficking, mandatory minimum sentence, peace officer assault, police assault, fleeing police, vehicular flight, stolen motor vehicle
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- It's state money dedicated to airports and aviation projects, primarily funded through taxes on aviation
- In practical terms, this fund provides the state share needed to draw down federal airport infrastructure
- Without it, Louisiana airports risk losing major federal funding.
- I just was reading the bill and it said that the airport had to publish some data publicly.
- I have: 'No portion of such money shall be dispersed to any airport that does not clearly indicate on
Keywords:
local sales tax, local use tax, sales and use tax, tax audit, local collector, tax collector, prescriptive period, prescription waiver, interest suspension, delinquency penalties, estimated assessment, arbitrary assessment, certified mail notice, audit notice, taxpayer rights, installment agreement, Louisiana tax law, Title 47, revenue collection, tax administration
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- Look, having a small airport in Lord LaFouche that I hear from lots of people that we have some of the
- Look, having a small airport in Lafourche that I hear from lots of people that we have some of the best
- I think they, if we could go back to when we were dealing with the water infrastructure money that came
Keywords:
water utility, tax credit, excessive rates, residential service, subcommittee, local sales tax, local use tax, sales and use tax, tax audit, local collector, tax collector, prescriptive period, prescription waiver, interest suspension, delinquency penalties, estimated assessment, arbitrary assessment, certified mail notice, audit notice, taxpayer rights
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider an authorization to subpoena the production of memoranda, documents, records, and other materials from the Massachusetts Port Authority, and an authorization to subpoena the production of memoranda, documents, records, an Mar 5th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- that, quote, the airport and its facilities must be available for public use as an airport.
- Kennedy International Airport.
- O'Hare Airport or JFK Airport, because those two institutions made the decision to comply with Senate
- by illegal aliens housed at Logan Airport?
- That is our communication from the airport and other airports. Would the gentlelady yield, please?
Keywords:
oversight, subpoena, illegal immigrants, Massachusetts Port Authority, O'Hare Airport, legislative practices
Summary:
The meeting was convened by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, where robust discussions were held regarding the need for improved oversight within the Senate. The chairman emphasized the historical decline in oversight activities and proposed motions to authorize subpoenas related to an ongoing investigation involving the Massachusetts Port Authority and allegations of illegal immigrant sheltering at airports. This prompted a detailed examination of the current practices and measures needed to address such issues effectively, particularly in light of recent reports from O'Hare Airport. The committee engaged in deliberations that highlighted the importance of maintaining legislative oversight to safeguard national interests.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- When completed, the new Carlson Municipal Airport will be a critical piece of infrastructure for northwestern
- infrastructure.
- </c> to the capabilities of our airport. to the capabilities of our airport.
- </c> efficient airport infrastructure. efficient airport infrastructure.
- </c><00:04:27.040><c> infrastructure</c> essential airport infrastructure essential airport infrastructure
Bills:
HF604, HF1972, HF578, HF1951, HF629, HF864, HF874, HF1155, HF884, HF2365, HF643, HF234, HF2655, HF2637, HF2535, HF2530, HF2344, HF584, HF524
Keywords:
airport funding, bonds, transportation, capital investment, Karlstad, community center, Breckenridge, state bonds, economic development, HF578, Faribault, River Bend Nature Center, bonding bill, bond proceeds fund, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, DNR grant, nature center, visitor center, environmental education, multicultural center
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- Trump International Airport.
- Trump International Airport.
- for all of our airport users.
- At the airport.
- We're not hurting your airport.
Keywords:
unauthorized aliens, commercial motor vehicles, safety regulations, civil penalties, law enforcement, ADS-B, automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast, aviation, airports, airport fees, landing fees, departure fees, touch-and-go landing, general aviation, pilot privacy, airspace radius, aircraft tracking, surveillance data, Florida Statutes chapter 330, Part 91
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Transportation met and considered several bills, beginning with CS/SB 86 on commercial motor vehicles operated by unauthorized aliens. The sponsor described the bill as a highway safety measure requiring commercial drivers to be lawfully present, hold a valid CDL, read English, and communicate with law enforcement, with vehicle impoundment, civil penalties, and out-of-service orders for violations. After questions about impacts on carriers and interstate operations, the committee adopted an amendment and reported the bill favorably, with one no vote.
The committee then heard CS/SB 706, which would preempt naming of major commercial service airports to the state and rename Palm Beach International Airport as Donald J. Trump International Airport. An amendment added FAA approval, trademark authorization, and a flexible implementation period for Palm Beach County; county representatives supported the amendment and bill. The committee also approved CS/SB 1670 on the Outsider specialty license plate after an amendment reduced the Huber Brothers Foundation’s share of proceeds from 25% to 10%.
Next, the committee considered CS/SB 1054, dealing with traffic infractions resulting in crashes with another vehicle. The bill would impose escalating fines and license suspensions for crashes caused by running red lights or stop signs, and require bodily injury insurance for a year when injury results. A clarifying amendment limited the insurance requirement to one year, and the bill was reported favorably after supportive testimony from law enforcement and advocacy groups. The final major bill was CS/SB 422 on automated dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) data; it would bar use of ADS-B information to calculate or collect certain landing-related fees. Supporters argued the technology should remain focused on aviation safety and warned against false invoices and discouraging pilot training, while airport representatives said they currently use the data for fee collection and wanted further discussion. After an amendment narrowing the bill’s application, the committee reported CS/SB 422 favorably. The meeting then adjourned.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- That includes everything from infrastructure to connected and autonomous vehicles.
- We've built over $10 billion in new infrastructure in North Texas.
- For example, warehouse workers and service workers at Bush Airport.
- gas activity receive an appropriate share of infrastructure funding.
- Due to the lack of local matching funds, second transit infrastructure complements highway infrastructure
Bills:
HJR58, HJR63, HB263, HB542, HB905, HB 1288, HB1402, HB2003, HB2262, HB2323, HB2429, HB2876, HB3019, HB263
Keywords:
healthcare, insurance, elderly, retirement, benefits, transit-oriented projects, constitutional amendment, state highway fund, funding allocation, voter approval, highway fund, funding, public transportation, transit projects, transportation, local transit, fund allocation, voting rights, election integrity, ballot access
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> businesses investing in infrastructure businesses investing in infrastructure is<00:28:38.200><c
- Yes, so have you identified... of instruct infrastructure also affects of instruct infrastructure also
- </c><00:56:45.200><c> to</c> a sewer separation infrastructure to a sewer separation infrastructure to
- </c><01:19:57.080><c> these</c> adequate water infrastructure these adequate water infrastructure these
- </c> state's help in this infrastructure state's help in this infrastructure investment<01:20:58.480>
Bills:
HF220, HF230, HF240, HF241, HF295, HF429, HF490, HF505, HF574, HF576, HF581, HF865, HF918, HF1085, HF1449, HF1452, HF1454, HF602
Keywords:
HF220, Minnesota transportation, highway user tax distribution fund, trunk highway fund, Minnesota Department of Transportation, MnDOT, transportation finance, dedicated funds, funding restrictions, arts in transportation, cultural strategies, transportation project planning, project design, project construction, placemaking, public art, infrastructure spending, state statutes 161.045, HF230, Wyoming
TX
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, impact fees, water conservation, reuse projects, developers, builders, local government, infrastructure, water efficiency, law enforcement, confidentiality, personnel files, employee records, misconduct, real property, fraud
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
02/18/2026 - House Transportation & Infrastructure
Transportation & Infrastructure
Transcript Highlights:
- Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure is called to order.
- airport in the nation.
- airport in the country.
- , believe it or not, the 18th busiest airport in the country.
- HB 2978 is the Prescott Northeast Airport Ranch... Mr. Coogan spoke... Oh, here I spoke on that.
Bills:
HB2067, HB2068, HB2127, HB2164, HB2200, HB2201, HB2242, HB2283, HB2284, HB2285, HB2286, HB2287, HB2304, HB2306, HB2399, HB2601, HB2609, HB2760, HB2761, HB2859, HB2887, HB2892, HB2893, HB2894, HB2978, HB4027, HCM2012, HCM2016
Keywords:
appropriation, transportation, infrastructure, Apache Junction, funding, Show Low, road extension, special license plates, nonprofits, charitable contributions, Reay Lane, Graham County, HB 2200, State Route 89, SR 89, Chino Valley, Arizona Department of Transportation, ADOT, road widening, highway expansion
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Not coincidentally, that year, Blacklands successfully applied for a Consolidated Rail Infrastructure
- Is the federal funding coming from the infrastructure?
- However, many general aviation airports do not have the available funding from the airport sponsor, especially
- We are asking law enforcement to respond to those threats on infrastructure that is often crumbling.
- These funds were intended to support transportation infrastructure in Texas.
Bills:
HB1589, HB2208, HB2297, HB2560, HB2725, HB3080, HB4417, HB4473, HB4520, HB4662, HB4888, HB4905, HB4906
Keywords:
HB 1589, toll road, toll project, toll project entity, voter approval, local control, county election, commissioners court, Transportation Code, Chapter 372, road construction, highway funding, infrastructure, public referendum, ballot measure, transportation policy, Texas toll roads, regional mobility, toll collection, vehicle registration
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 3/11/26
Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- And our airport infrastructure itself is supported with public investment.
- And<00:58:52.720><c> our</c><00:58:53.040><c> airport</c><00:58:53.520><c> infrastructure</c><00:58:54.319
- ><c> itself</c><00:58:54.720><c> is</c> And our airport infrastructure itself is And our airport infrastructure
- </c> airports. Thank you. airports. Thank you.
- Flying Cloud Airport is a MAC Metropolitan Airports Commission airport.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Budget Review Subcommittee on Transportation (7-15-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- on the part of the airport.
- Uh so what we've asked the airports 25.
- Uh a lot of equipment, airport those.
- </c> airports and the work that you do. airports and the work that you do.
- </c> to commence for all the infrastructure to commence for all the infrastructure elements. elements
Keywords:
00:01 Call to Order and Roll Call
00:47 Approval of Minutes
01:07 Airport Projects
12:17 Riverport Projects
38:27 Electric Vehicle Charging Program
54:10 Adjournment, 958, all
Summary:
The Budget Review Subcommittee on Transportation met on July 15, 2025, approved the June 4 minutes, and heard updates on aviation and riverport funding programs. Commissioner Mark Carter of the Kentucky Department of Aviation reported on the $200,000 grants for general aviation airports included in House Bill 1, saying the money is being used mainly for hangar projects, fuel trucks, parking lot resurfacing, airport equipment, crew cars, and public education efforts. He said about 25 hangar-related projects were reported, with an estimated 60 T-hangars and four or five box hangars supported, and noted that the grants are often used to match federal funds. He also said the state’s jet fuel tax revenue generates about $23 million annually, up from about $19 million in 2021, and that most airports are now compliant with the ADS-B/VOR-related reporting system required in budget language, which has improved reported operations and may help airports qualify for FAA grants.
Members asked about the pace of airport projects, the limited number of contractors for hangar construction, and whether airports could finance hangars themselves. Carter said timing has generally been good, though federal projects have slowed somewhat and contractor capacity remains a challenge, and he said there is no statute preventing airports from financing part or all of a hangar project. Questions also focused on the long-term need for hangars and the effect of the jet fuel cap, with Carter saying general aviation airports still have significant hangar demand and rely on state assistance because hangars are a key revenue source.
Jeremy Edgeworth of the Transportation Cabinet and Brian Wright of the Kentucky Association of Riverports then reviewed riverport projects funded through House Bill 265 and House Bill 1. Edgeworth said the cabinet’s riverport grant program awarded $500,000 in each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026 for 13 projects under an 80/20 match, and that House Bill 1 provided $7.5 million per year for public riverports with no local match. He described completed or underway projects at multiple ports, including equipment replacements, dock and road repairs, material handling upgrades, mooring cell rehabilitation, and a waterline loop at Owensboro. He said $12.6 million of the KPRCM funds had been awarded across 20 projects, with about $2.4 million still to be awarded later in the fall.
Wright said the riverport investments are helping ports replace aging assets, expand capacity, and match federal dollars, but he also said the statewide capital need remains large, with the current list of top projects already in the $90 million range and longer-term needs still estimated at $60 million to $90 million. Members asked about timelines and future needs, and Edgeworth said many of the larger projects will take two to five years because of permitting and coordination with the Army Corps of Engineers. No additional votes or formal actions were taken beyond approving the minutes.