Transcript Highlights:

• It authorizes each county to assess, implement, and enforce its own licensing system for dog breeders
• Uh<00:05:00.400> authorizes<00:05:00.960> the<00:05:01.280> county<00:05:02.320>
• each<00:05:02.560> county<00:05:02.880> to Uh authorizes the county each county
• This measure authorizes the carriers.
• Hawaii Medical Board in support.

Bills: SB3275, SB3105

Keywords: cannabis, low-dose, personal use, cultivation, cannabis accessories, Hawaii cannabis law, medical cannabis, physician assistant, licensure compact, medical services, interstate practice, healthcare portability, military families, licensing authority, 912, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Commerce and Consumer Protection reconsidered two condominium bills and adopted recommendations to pass both with amendments. For SB 2433, members approved amendments clarifying that condominium unit owners’ interests are to be recognized and protected in educational and related programs by the Real Estate Commission and DCCA, while making technical changes and changing the effective date. For SB 2838, the committee replaced the bill’s broader substantive language with a narrower requirement that associations provide electronic copies of specified documents, including master leases, reserve studies, audited financial statements, contracts, leases, and other agreements, along with technical changes and an amended effective date. Both measures were adopted unanimously by the members present, with Senator McKelvey excused. The committee then heard SB 2710 on animal issues, which would define and regulate dog breeders, set care standards, create county licensing authority, require records, and establish an animal abuser registry and related penalties. Testimony was mixed: the Public Defender and the American Kennel Club opposed the bill, arguing for stronger enforcement of existing laws rather than harsher penalties and warning that the bill would burden responsible breeders; the Hawaiian Humane Society supported the bill’s breeder regulation and registry provisions but urged removal of the hoarding section; and the committee noted 26 written testimonies in support, 14 in opposition, and four comments. In decision-making, the committee passed SB 2710 with amendments that blanked the license fee, deleted the animal abuser registry and shelter/pet store/breeder compliance checks, struck the hoarding provisions and proposed criminal penalty changes, and made technical changes with a deferred effective date. The committee also heard SB 2209 on rental discrimination, which would allow attorney’s fees to a prevailing party in source-of-income discrimination cases, and SB 2884, which would create a nonrefundable income tax credit for wind-resistant retrofits or hurricane shelters. The Hawaii Civil Rights Commission supported SB 2209, and the committee later passed it with a deferred effective date. SB 2884 drew support from DCCA’s Insurance Division, the Department of Taxation, HEMA, the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission, and a public witness who urged hurricane preparedness; it was passed with the Department of Taxation’s proposed amendments and a deferred effective date. Finally, the committee heard SB 2922 on cooperative associations, which would create a general cooperative associations framework. DCCA offered comments, while the Hawaii Co-op Hui, Purple Maya Foundation, Enliven Cooperative, and Hawaii Farmers Union supported the measure and argued that current law is too limited for worker, producer, and multi-stakeholder co-ops. After discussion about using the existing chapter 421C structure rather than creating a new regulatory scheme, the committee passed SB 2922 with amendments adopting changes proposed in testimony from the Hawaii Farmers Union and deferred the effective date.

Transcript Highlights:

• H.J.R. 1101 is a rule regarding the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority that was left out of Business

Bills: HJR1101

Keywords: Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, OMMA, medical marijuana, cannabis, marijuana regulation, administrative rules, permanent rules, rule approval, joint resolution, legislative oversight, Title 75 Section 308, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC 442, patients, caregivers, licensees, dispensaries, growers, processors

Summary: The committee met briefly to consider one item, H.J.R. 1101, a rule related to the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority that had been left out of the Business and Commerce process because it was initially thought to be a major rule. The presenter explained that it was later determined not to be a major rule, but still needed committee action for the rule to take effect. After a motion, second, and no debate, the committee voted unanimously 9-0 to adopt it. After the vote, the chair told members that several additional Senate joint resolutions were still pending and were expected to arrive later that day, with action anticipated the next day or Thursday. He said he would try to keep the process within normal procedure rather than using a rule suspension, and would notify members when the items were ready. The chair also addressed a prior exchange involving the Long-Range Capital Planning Commission, saying he had met with the commission, apologized for using them as an example of agency frustration, and that they had since withdrawn their rules and would work on emergency rules to address the issue. With no further questions, the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• HTR 50 is approving a major rule for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority. Moved for adoption.
• Of major rules for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority moved for adoption. You have questions.
• Why are there two different SJRs for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority?
• Healthcare authority rule packet of major. No, it's not.
• It's Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, isn't it? I can't read on my glasses.

Bills: SJR50, SJR52, SJR53

Keywords: Medicaid, federal funding, state law, healthcare, low-income adults, Oklahoma Constitution, Oklahoma Health Care Authority, OHCA, health care rules, administrative rules, major rule, Title 75, Title 317, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC 317:30, health policy, state health programs, provider regulations, benefits administration, rule approval

Transcript Highlights:

• SJR 50 is approving a major rule for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority. Move for adoption.
• SJR 52 is approving another set of major rules for the Oklahoma Health Care Authority.
• SJR 53 is yet another Oklahoma Health Care Authority rule.
• SJR 53 is yet another Oklahoma Health Care Authority rule. Oh, no, it's not.
• It's Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, isn't it? I can't read under my glasses. OMMA.

Bills: SJR50, SJR52, SJR53

Keywords: Medicaid, federal funding, state law, healthcare, low-income adults, Oklahoma Constitution, Oklahoma Health Care Authority, OHCA, health care rules, administrative rules, major rule, Title 75, Title 317, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC 317:30, health policy, state health programs, provider regulations, benefits administration, rule approval

Summary: The Administrative Rules Committee met to consider three joint resolutions approving major rules. Chairman Kendricks presented SJR 50 and SJR 52, both related to Oklahoma Health Care Authority rules, and SJR 53, which was clarified to concern the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority. Members asked why the Health Care Authority rules were split into two separate resolutions, and were told they could have been combined but were being handled separately. Each resolution was moved for adoption, there was little to no debate, and the committee voted to approve them. SJR 50 passed 10-0, SJR 52 passed 11-0, and SJR 53 also passed unanimously. After the votes, members exchanged brief remarks thanking one another for their work during the year and noting the committee’s efforts to reduce bureaucracy. A member asked whether suggestions should be raised at that time, and was told that was not the appropriate time. With no further business, the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• What we're doing is clarifying the Alabama Veterinary Medical Practice Act.
• The Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission has done its job.
• The legislature already did its job by passing the medical cannabis law.
• and need... ...in Alabama need this medication and need this to break the logjam.
• Hopefully, we can get doctors prescribing medication for people that it can help.

Bills: SB185, SB194, SB72

Keywords: veterinary medicine, veterinarian-client-patient relationship, prescription refills, animal care, regulatory compliance, agriculture authority, eminent domain, property rights, tax exemption, agriculture center, medical cannabis, cannabis license, integrated facility license, Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission, AMCC, medical marijuana, dispensary, cultivation, processing, license appeal

Transcript Highlights:

• 34:45.839> prison brings medical assistance fraud prison brings medical assistance fraud prison
• <00:47:14.800> to County attorneys have the authority to County attorneys have the authority
• typical restitution authority in law. typical restitution authority in law.
• that would codify that as medical that would codify that as medical assistance<00:54:51.359>
• language, not open-ended authority. language, not open-ended authority.

Bills: HF3423, HF2354, HF3634

Keywords: healthcare, provider enrollment, medical assistance, legislation, state funds, fraud prevention, subpoena authority, criminal penalties, consumer protection, service verification, Medicaid, human services, electronic documentation, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• However, it is authorized by legislation.
• Senate Joint Resolution No. 53 deals with the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, and this major rule
• Just to follow up on the last few questions, my understanding is that the Medical Marijuana Authority
• And if the author... in administrative code.
• However, like I said, they have legislative authority.

Bills: SJR50, SJR51, SJR52, SJR53, SJR54

Keywords: Medicaid, federal funding, state law, healthcare, low-income adults, Oklahoma Constitution, healthcare regulations, Oklahoma Health Care Authority, permanent rules, joint resolution, OHCA, health care rules, administrative rules, major rule, Title 75, Title 317, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC 317:30, health policy, state health programs

Summary: The Senate Committee on Administrative Rules met with a quorum and considered five Oklahoma Health Care Authority and OMMA rules resolutions. Senate Joint Resolution 50 was presented as a federal-law conformity change allowing licensed professional counselors, LBHPs, and licensed alcohol and drug counselors to work as eligible providers in federally qualified health centers and rural health clinics; despite questions about the fiscal estimate, it passed 9-0. SJR 51 was amended to correct rule citations related to human genome sequencing, then failed on a 4-5 vote after members noted an estimated $860,000 fiscal impact tied to legislation. SJR 52, removing physician visit limits in Medicaid, was described as an access-to-care and rural health measure that could reduce ER use; it passed 8-1. The committee then took up SJR 53 from the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, which would align rules with statutes requiring prepackaging of medical marijuana products and other provisions. Members questioned OMMA extensively about the economic impact, the discrepancy between the agency’s estimate and Loft’s much larger estimate, and whether the rules were already being implemented under emergency authority. OMMA said the rules mirrored existing statutes and that the cost would fall on the industry and ultimately consumers, not the agency. After debate about regulatory fairness and the effect on the industry, the resolution passed 5-4. Finally, SJR 54, a non-major OMMA rule change renaming the adjudicator from administrative law judge to hearing examiner to match the Administrative Procedures Act, drew concerns about independence and whether OMMA should be required to contract for outside adjudicators. The director said the change was only a terminology alignment and would not alter current practice, and Senator Bergstrom said he would pursue legislation next year to require outside contracting. An amendment changed the committee’s position from disapprove to approve, but the underlying resolution still failed 4-5. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• So H.J.R. 1096 is a resolution approving a medical marijuana rule that was originally considered a major
• 1576, which was passed by the legislature last year regarding rules with the Oklahoma Health Care Authority

Bills: HJR1096, HJR1097, HJR1098, HJR1099, HJR1100

Keywords: Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, OMMA, medical marijuana, cannabis, marijuana regulation, administrative rules, major rule changes, joint resolution, legislative rule approval, Title 75, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC, licensing, compliance, enforcement, dispensary, grower, processor, patient access, health care authority

Summary: The committee considered three resolutions, all presented by Chairman Kendrick with full PCS substitutes. H.J.R. 1096 approved a medical marijuana rule that had originally been treated as a major rule but was later determined not to be one; members asked no questions and the resolution was adopted unanimously. H.J.R. 1099 was described as a direct result of H.B. 1576 from the prior session concerning Oklahoma Health Care Authority rules; it also drew no questions and passed unanimously. H.J.R. 1100 addressed a rule from the Oklahoma Management and Enterprise Services that was discovered late to be a major rule; after brief discussion and no substantive questions, it too passed unanimously. During the meeting, members voted on each resolution after motions for adoption and do pass. The recorded votes were unanimous in favor on all three measures, with no nay votes. After H.J.R. 1100 passed, Chairman Kendrick noted there would be one more committee meeting the next morning at 9 a.m. to address a late-arriving resolution, and he offered to discuss the late major-rule issue with Representative Chapman after adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• HB1576, which was passed by the legislature last year regarding rules with the Oakho Healthcare Authority

Bills: HJR1096, HJR1097, HJR1098, HJR1099, HJR1100

Keywords: Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, OMMA, medical marijuana, cannabis, marijuana regulation, administrative rules, major rule changes, joint resolution, legislative rule approval, Title 75, Oklahoma Administrative Code, OAC, licensing, compliance, enforcement, dispensary, grower, processor, patient access, health care authority

Transcript Highlights:

• You know, does the medical board have authority to do that?
• Yeah, I just don't know whether the medical board has been given authority in certain areas.
• With medical school, we learn about medical issues.
• We learn about the pharmacology of different medications, not just psychiatric medications.
• knowledge. ...on biological medical issues and the prescribing of medication.

Bills: SB2024, SB227, SB268, SB1467, SB1580, HB5537, SB1313, SB1677, SB918, SB331, SB2207, SB2721

Keywords: e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, death records, vital statistics, healthcare, trauma facility, Medicaid

Transcript Highlights:

• Your agency literally authorizes... would be the agency that would authorize or I guess certify that
• The medical examiner gave the body to the medical school, where it was then dismembered, frozen, and
• It provides no recourse to the Texas Medical Board or any other authorities to take action against a
• We're the American Board of Medical Specialties.
• Texas Medical Board or DL?

Bills: SB2024, SB227, SB268, SB1467, SB1580, HB5537, SB1313, SB1677, SB918, SB331, SB2207, SB2721

Keywords: e-cigarettes, marketing prohibition, youth protection, criminal penalties, public health, school funding, education reform, state budget, property taxes, equity in education, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, death records, vital statistics, healthcare, trauma facility, Medicaid

Bills: HB3334, HB4248, HB4454, HB3851

Keywords: alcohol regulation, retail, recordkeeping, reporting, state laws, HB4248, hemp beverage, hemp drinks, THC beverage, cannabis beverage, intoxicating hemp, age restriction, under 21, minor possession, youth access, public health and safety, Title 63, Oklahoma Statutes, retail sales, alcohol-style regulation

Bills: HB3011, HB3143, HB3144, HB3881, HB3519, HB3522, HB3530

Keywords: alcoholic beverages, personal use permit, manufacturing, excise tax, Oklahoma Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, medical marijuana, license transfer, Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, moratorium, business regulation, commercial grower licenses, licensing restrictions, agriculture, alternative nicotine products, vaping, regulations, manufacturing standards, packaging requirements, penalties, Attorney General

Transcript Highlights:

• area, medical facility.
• I've not discussed this bill with the Health Care Authority.
• My guess is UNM Medical School is turning out a similar amount.
• My guess is U&M Medical School is turning out a similar amount. guess is UNM Medical School is turning
• But, of course, we still have to deal with medical malpractice.

Bills: SB211, SB131, SB183, SB222, SB246, SB254

Keywords: appropriation, local government, Las Vegas, Rodriguez Park, public facilities, zoning reform, building regulations, residential apartments, commercial use, multigenerational housing, local government authority, healthcare, urgent care, emergency services, feasibility study, medical facilities, physician training, medical residency, New Mexico, massage therapy

Transcript Highlights:

• Section 6-09-47 of the North Dakota Century Code relating to a rural health loan program under the medical
• Section 5, contingent authorization to increase the appropriation authority.
• So, yeah, that's a contingent authorization to increase appropriation authority.
• And they are authorized to practice independently in North Dakota, and there are a whole lot...
• The PAs, the physician assistants, are licensed by the medical board.

Bills: SB2401, SB2402, SB2403, SB2404

Keywords: SB 2401, North Dakota, Century Code, occupational therapy, occupational therapy board, criminal history record check, background check, licensee investigation, physician continuing education, medical license renewal, nutrition education, metabolic health, chronic disease prevention, health occupation boards, medical board, licensure fee, audit response, disciplinary action, Title 43, board of medicine

Summary: The Senate convened with prayer, roll call, and a quorum present, then took up second reading and final passage of several House bills related to the Rural Health Transformation Program and other matters. House Bill 1621, requiring the presidential fitness test in school physical education with exceptions and a delayed effective date, passed 43-3. House Bill 1623, appropriating federal rural health transformation grant funds and creating a related loan program and reporting structure, passed 46-0 after extensive debate about using the federal money for community health, infrastructure, and sustainability. House Bill 1622, joining the physician assistant licensure compact, also passed unanimously 46-0. House Bill 1625, authorizing the Ray Richards Golf Course land sale to support a Grand Forks transportation project and golf course improvements, passed 46-0. House Bill 1626, clarifying that the primary residence credit is applied after the early payment discount so taxpayers receive the full $1,600 benefit, passed 40-6.

Transcript Highlights:

• The medical community was a little concerned because the testing options available in a pharmacy aren't
• The medical community wanted it to be pretty narrow.
• In recent years, some states have moved to full practice authority for pharmacists.
• And I think that I have great confidence in both the medical board and the pharmacy board in assuring
• Now, this amount that would be loaned out is now part of that medical facility infrastructure loan.

Bills: SB2401, SB2402, SB2403, SB2404

Keywords: SB 2401, North Dakota, Century Code, occupational therapy, occupational therapy board, criminal history record check, background check, licensee investigation, physician continuing education, medical license renewal, nutrition education, metabolic health, chronic disease prevention, health occupation boards, medical board, licensure fee, audit response, disciplinary action, Title 43, board of medicine

Summary: The Senate convened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum present. It adopted the procedural employment committee report naming Senate staff for the special session. The chamber then took up several health-care and appropriations measures, first adopting amendments to Senate Bills 2401, 2402, and 2403 before moving them to final passage. Senate Bill 2401 passed 44-2 and requires physicians to complete at least one hour of continuing education in nutrition and metabolic health, part of a broader rural health care package. Senate Bill 2402 passed 46-0 after major amendments negotiated between the medical and pharmacy boards; as amended, it expands pharmacists’ prescriptive authority and therapeutic substitution in limited areas while excluding categories such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, chemotherapy agents, Schedule II drugs, biological products, and narrow therapeutic index drugs. Supporters said it would improve rural access and help secure rural health transformation funding, while questions focused on how pharmacist competence would be measured and enforced. Senate Bill 2403, also passed 46-0, creates a short-term medical facility emergency operating loan program through the Bank of North Dakota, reduced by amendment from $10 million to $5 million, to help a financially distressed rural hospital. Senators discussed the hospital’s mismanagement, the need for a bridge loan, and safeguards including a limited application window and expiration in 2027. Senate Bill 2404 passed 46-0 and provides supplemental appropriations to the Information Technology Department for ADA-related website accessibility compliance and to the Public Service Commission for additional legal costs in federal energy-rate litigation. The Senate then made announcements about a Highway Patrol safety presentation and filing deadlines, excused an absent member, and adjourned until the next morning.

Transcript Highlights:

• Whereas, under Article 5, Section 7 of the North Dakota Constitution, the governor is authorized to convene
• Now, therefore, pursuant to authority under Article 5 of the North Dakota Constitution, Governor Kelly
• This special session is convened under the following authority: The governor is vested with the executive
• The governor is vested with special, specific authority to convene a special session of the Legislative

Bills: SB2401, SB2402, SB2403, SB2404

Keywords: SB 2401, North Dakota, Century Code, occupational therapy, occupational therapy board, criminal history record check, background check, licensee investigation, physician continuing education, medical license renewal, nutrition education, metabolic health, chronic disease prevention, health occupation boards, medical board, licensure fee, audit response, disciplinary action, Title 43, board of medicine

Summary: The Senate convened in special session with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and roll call establishing a quorum of 45 members present and two absent. The chamber received certification from the Secretary of State and the governor’s executive order calling the special session to address funding for the Rural Health Transformation Program and to act quickly to accept and appropriate federal funds. The main action was adoption of the procedural rules for the extraordinary session. Senator Klein explained the proposed rule changes, which were designed to speed up consideration of bills during the short session, including limits on bill introduction, same-day second reading and final passage, elimination of standing committees for the session, creation of a Joint Policy Committee and Joint Appropriations Committee, and authorization for remote testimony and limited remote participation. The procedural committee’s report on these rules was adopted without opposition. The Senate also adopted reports naming members to the Joint Policy Committee and Joint Appropriations Committee. Announcements noted that the Senate Employment Committee, Joint Policy Committee, and Joint Appropriations Committee would meet later that morning, that the Senate would not reconvene at 4 p.m., and that a Highway Patrol presentation on legislator safety would be held. The Senate then moved through the listed orders of business and recessed, planning to meet in joint session with the House before adjourning until Thursday, January 22, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• of State Medical boards all Federation of State Medical boards all say<00:10:24.320> that<00:
• The author said the medical ethical obligation has not stopped this from happening, as shown in a study
• The author said they were hearing this from both patients and medical students, and that whatever the
• but I'm also hearing it from medical but I'm also hearing it from medical students<00:12:18.959>
• shape the author wants.

Bills: HF2371, HF2147, HF2557, HF1165, HF2466, HF2465, HF2482

Keywords: informed consent, sensitive examinations, healthcare, patient rights, anesthesia, hot water pools, rental properties, public health, safety regulations, Minnesota Statutes, health care access, hospital surcharge, fund allocation, medical assistance, health funding, health care, education, bonding capacity, financing, Minnesota Higher Education Facilities Authority

Transcript Highlights:

• And it's the audit process through the healthcare authority.
• The new director of the Healthcare authority supports it, and it's fair and equitable.
• Of the healthcare authority, but what had been happening is that they were going in and looking at the
• Administered in Mexico right now under the care of medical doctors and nurses, it's given orally.
• It is not it is not anything but medical administration.

Bills: HB4423, HB3342, HB3645, HB3647, HB3887, HB4430, HB4431, HB2964, HB3834

Keywords: Oklahoma Health Care Authority, Medicaid, immigration verification, healthcare access, federal reporting, health care providers, auditing, patient rights, claims, protection from fraud, audit process, error correction, hospice care, physician determination, healthcare standards, symptom management, health information exchange, all-payer claims database, health care transparency, health care costs

Transcript Highlights:

• I went to medical school in Nigeria, and we got used to...
• These medications are over the counter.
• It's not a medical issue. A refill. Yes, that was a refill. It's not a medical issue. A refill.
• You wouldn't list the medication.
• It’s not a medical facility. It’s a home.

Bills: SB331, SB883, SB926, SB1137, SB1138, SB1144, SB1151, SB1236, SB1270, SB1522, SB1869, SB2207, SB2422

Keywords: healthcare, cost disclosure, transparency, administrative penalties, health facility compliance, COVID-19, off-label use, prescription drugs, patient access, medical standards, insurance, physician ranking, incentives, fiduciary duty, health plan issuers, SB 1137, group home, assisted living, residential care, board and care

Summary: The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 883, which would protect physicians’ ability to prescribe off-label medications and treatments, framed by the author as a “Right to Treat” measure tied to COVID-19 care. Supporters, including physicians and patient-choice advocates, said the bill would safeguard the doctor-patient relationship and prevent interference by boards, pharmacies, or hospitals. Several witnesses described using hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, budesonide, antibiotics, steroids, and monoclonal antibodies during the pandemic, and said they faced complaints, board scrutiny, or pharmacy refusals for those prescriptions. The bill was left pending after public testimony closed. The committee then took up Senate Bill 331, which would extend hospital price-transparency requirements to additional health care facilities such as freestanding ERs, urgent care and retail clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, outpatient clinics, and birthing centers. Proponents argued that broader disclosure of prices for shoppable services would help consumers compare costs and reduce surprise billing, while opponents from ambulatory surgery centers said the bill would impose costly compliance burdens on small providers and that insurers or the state already have much of the needed data. The bill was also left pending. Senate Bill 2422 would expunge Texas Medical Board records and impose reparations for disciplinary actions tied to COVID-era treatment decisions, including references to ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, budesonide, and masks. The author and supporters argued that doctors were unfairly targeted for trying to save patients and should be made whole; the Texas Medical Board representative said most pandemic complaints were dismissed, that actions generally involved broader issues such as privileges, documentation, or informed consent, and that no physician was disciplined solely for prescribing off-label COVID medications. The bill was left pending. Finally, the committee heard Senate Bill 2207, which would loosen Texas Medical Board rules on physicians advertising themselves as board certified, especially by reducing barriers tied to maintenance of certification requirements. Supporters said the current rule is overly restrictive, inconsistent, and costly, and that it drives physicians out of practice; they also said Texas is one of only a few states with such a rule. Witnesses described hospitals using the rule against physicians and said the change would improve transparency and competition. The bill remained pending after testimony.