Video & Transcript Research : 'withholding'

Page 9 of 87
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

06/01/2026 - Joint Legislative Audit Committee

Joint Legislative Audit Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • And in April 2024, the State Board voted to withhold 3% of the district's state aid pursuant to Arizona
  • Since April 2024, almost two years ago, the State Board voted to withhold 3% of the district's state
  • When will the withholding of that state aid... list it very good.
  • When will the withholding of that state aid? USFR.
  • When will the withholding of that state aid be terminated? Do you know? I actually do not know.
Summary: The committee first heard an update on Topok Elementary School District’s long-running noncompliance with Arizona’s Uniform System of Financial Records. The Auditor General’s office explained the USFR noncompliance process and reported that Topok had made substantial progress, correcting many deficiencies in areas such as open meeting law, procurement, payroll, attendance reporting, property control, and information technology. The district’s superintendent and staff described the corrective actions they had taken, the use of outside consultants, and their plan to maintain compliance through stronger leadership, training, and consistent procedures. Members praised the district’s progress and asked about the remaining deficiencies and the status of the 3% state-aid withholding, which the Auditor General said would be addressed by the State Board of Education. The committee then considered a request for a fourth school safety special audit, tied to concerns raised by Representative Martinez about Phoenix Union High School District and school violence response practices. The Auditor General said the proposed audit would be a new topic focused on policies and procedures for responding to credible threats of violence and allegations of staff misconduct affecting student safety, and could include Phoenix Union in the sample. Representative Martinez described a fatal 2024 shooting, weapons incidents, and concerns about district oversight. The committee approved the motion 10-0. Next, staff presented the fiscal years 2027-2028 school district performance audit schedule, describing 26 randomly selected school districts and career and technical education districts, plus 84 planned follow-ups. The Auditor General said the schedule is intended to shorten the average time between audits and that the school audits division is now fully staffed. Members asked about county coverage and the inclusion of ESA accountability, but the schedule was ultimately presented for review rather than approval. The committee also heard a detailed federal compliance audit presentation on the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) administered by DES. The Auditor General reported repeated findings involving missing provider documentation, questioned costs, and FFATA reporting errors, including a 2024 sample that led to questioning $2.88 million in costs. The office recommended stronger documentation, record retention, reporting procedures, and staff training; DES concurred and said it would correct the findings in 2026. Members discussed the limits of the single-audit scope, the possibility of a broader special audit, and the federal government’s recent actions on CCDF oversight in other states. Finally, the committee considered and discussed a special audit request for CCDF that would broaden review to provider oversight, licensing, site visits, and billing accuracy across multiple state agencies, with estimated costs of $547,000 to $625,000 and a projected report date of July 31, 2027.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Judiciary May 4th, 2026 at 11:00 am

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • That's income withholding, also known as automatic income assignment.
  • collection that you're collecting on, that the state is collecting on, 89.2% are under an income withholding
  • If somebody's employed, it has to go by income withholding.
  • percentage of people in Oklahoma, workers, or child support paying parents that don't have income withholding
  • We internally have come up with higher guideline income withholding just to give as a template to the
Keywords: 914, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 15th, 2025 at 10:04 am

Trade, Workforce & Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • Current law requires property owners to withhold 10% of contract amounts called reserved funds, even
  • What we have learned is that the owners are putting themselves in a position of withholding funds from
  • What we are here, what I am here to voice, is the concern of the withholding of payment for extended
  • By withholding that money, that takes all the stability and cash flow from our business and from our
  • You can't just withhold money because you want to withhold money.
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills related to technology, construction, economic development, and consumer protection. HB 3862 would restrict minors’ access to certain social media apps and limit smartphone use in classrooms; supporters, including Champions for Childhood, argued that smartphones and social media contribute to addiction, distraction, depression, self-harm, and trafficking risks, and the bill was left pending. HB 3712 would change Texas retainage rules so owners could not withhold payment on specially fabricated construction materials once they are delivered, approved, and warranted; subcontractors and suppliers said current retainage practices delay payment for years and create financial risk, and the bill was left pending. HB 2963, the right-to-repair bill, would require manufacturers to provide parts, tools, and information for independent repair of digital devices, with exemptions for medical devices, vehicles under existing agreements, and trade-secret protections; consumer, environmental, business, and repair advocates supported it, while Safelite asked that automotive manufacturers not be excluded from the bill, and it was left pending. HB 4308 would create county industrial development districts to attract major employers and finance infrastructure through local elections and bonds; Fort Bend County supported it as a tool to add jobs and broaden the tax base, and it was left pending. The committee also heard HB 3344, which would create a licensing system for re-roofing contractors, require insurance and bonding, and establish a public database and complaint process. Supporters said it would help curb storm chasers and protect homeowners after storms, while opponents argued it would add burdens on legitimate small roofers, duplicate existing fraud laws, and potentially restrict consumer choice and contractor pricing flexibility. After extensive testimony and questions, the bill was left pending. HB 4196 would create a task force on modernizing manufacturing through digital integration and automation; Schneider Electric and the Texas Workforce Commission supported it as a way to improve competitiveness and create skilled jobs, and it was left pending. HB 3874 would require contractors to receive copies of incorporated contract documents before signing if requested; subcontractors and construction attorneys said it would improve transparency and prevent parties from being bound by unseen terms, and it was left pending. In pending business, the committee voted out several bills. HB 74, creating the Port Verde Port Authority District, was reported favorably to the full House without amendment. HB 112, relating to a science park in certain counties, was reported favorably as substituted. HB 2214, on floodplain notice requirements for leased dwellings, HB 3016, on rental vehicle damage waivers, HB 3133, on explicit deepfake material on social media, HB 3173, on workforce development program planning and evaluation, HB 3807, on child care waiting list priority for children of certain child care workers, HB 463, on unilateral memoranda of contract for residential property, HB 4115, on shareholder proposals to certain domestic corporations, and HB 5008, on use of the Skills Development Fund by certain entities, were all reported favorably, most without amendment and some as substituted. HB 2652, creating a certified caregiver pilot program in the Borderplex workforce area, was also reported favorably and sent to the Committee on Local and Consent Calendars.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy Committee 1/21/26

Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • We remit state and federal tax withholdings, we reconcile withholding and remittance amounts, and we
  • We remit state and federal tax withholdings, we reconcile withholding and remittance amounts, and we
  • payment, and to allow payment withhold payment, and to allow payment withholdings<00:41:11.080><c> um
  • </c><01:19:06.960><c> or</c> because the feds are withholding or because the feds are withholding or
  • 08.800><c> cuz</c> threatening to withhold dollars cuz threatening to withhold dollars cuz these<01:19
Keywords: 1183, house
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/18/26

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> ...withholds without prior notice.
  • This is with regard to temporary payment withholds.
  • , withholds, withholds, um<00:44:58.960><c> moratorium</c><00:44:59.600><c> for</c><00:44:59.720><c>
  • Section 11 contains the payment withhold authority from paragraph F.
  • </c> Section 11 contains the payment withhold Section 11 contains the payment withhold authority<00:57
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 4/1/25

State Government Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • payments to uh recipients of withhold payments to uh recipients of State<01:08:29.640><c> funds</c><
  • We appreciate the inclusion of the provision allowing state agencies to withhold payments to a program
  • </c><01:19:56.560><c> payments</c><01:19:57.080><c> from</c><01:19:57.800><c> uh</c> ability to withhold
  • payments from uh ability to withhold payments from uh from<01:19:59.120><c> folks</c><01:19:59.360><
  • </c> Authority under which they can withhold Authority under which they can withhold payments<01:20:11.840
Bills: HF627, HF474, HF361, HF1837
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

“Fraud Isn’t Free Act” 3/3/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c><00:07:57.120><c> uh</c> uh clawback or the um withholding uh uh clawback or the um withholding uh
  • We appreciate the provision in the bill to repeal the sunset on the new payment withholding authority
  • 07.519><c> payment</c> repeal the sunset on the new payment repeal the sunset on the new payment withholding
  • authority</c><00:10:08.720><c> for</c><00:10:08.959><c> state</c><00:10:09.200><c> agencies</c> withholding
  • authority for state agencies withholding authority for state agencies that<00:10:09.839><c> was</c><
Keywords: 1183, house
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Revenue Stabilization and Tax Policy Dec 15th, 2025 at 09:14 am

Revenue Stabilization & Tax Policy Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • We implemented the new tax bracket structure, which resulted in lower withholding on employee wages.
  • We're seeing a lot of pressure on wage withholding.
  • The fewer employees that are receiving wages, the less withholding we receive.
  • We see slower withholding. I'll talk about why. Don't I turn to slide 23?
  • So withholding was growing very fast. Thank you all so much for joining us today.
Keywords: 996, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Insurance Apr 14th, 2026

Insurance

Transcript Highlights:
  • to require insurers to conduct data matches prior to issuing qualifying payments, to provide for withholding
  • to require insurers to conduct data matches prior to issuing qualifying payments, to provide for withholding
  • to require insurers to conduct data matches prior to issuing qualifying payments, to provide for withholding
  • If there are delinquent payments, the insurer will withhold that amount from the settlement and send
Summary: The House Insurance Committee met on April 14 with a quorum present and first deferred Senate Bill 241 to the following week. The committee then took up House Bill 1117, which would clarify that an insurer’s payment on a first-party claim does not restart the two-year prescriptive period for filing suit. The sponsor said the bill responds to a Louisiana Supreme Court decision and is intended to restore a fixed deadline from the date of loss. Testimony from the Department of Insurance and industry representatives was generally supportive, and members discussed whether policyholders could be confused by partial payments and whether insurers have any duty to warn them about prescription. Representative Glorioso moved the bill favorably, and it was reported favorable without objection. The committee next considered House Bill 943, which creates a process for insurers to check for delinquent child support before issuing certain settlement payments and to withhold and remit arrears to DCFS. The committee adopted a substitute bill and then a committee amendment narrowing the scope by removing annuities and life insurance beneficiaries from the definition of covered recipients. The sponsor described the measure as a tool to help children receive overdue support, and DCFS said Louisiana currently lacks a legal mechanism to capture some settlement payouts owed by noncustodial parents. Members discussed how the bill differs from existing child support liens and whether it would close gaps in current enforcement. The transcript cuts off during that discussion, before any final vote on House Bill 943 is shown.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Health Policy Dec 9th, 2025

Health Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • It expands eligibility to those with progressive illnesses, opens the door to withholding food and water
  • Assurance that preferences for withholding and withdrawing will be honored.
  • the section does not preclude a physician, assistant, or advanced practice registered nurse from withholding
  • And it says home health agency may withhold, withdraw CPR, resuscitation, or other life-prolonging procedures
  • This is just a home health agency may withhold, withdraw CPR, resuscitation, or other life-prolonging
Summary: The committee first received an update from the Department of Health on the Cancer Connect Collaborative, the Cancer Innovation Fund, and the new Cancer Connect Collaborative Research Incubator, created and expanded by recent legislation. The department reported that the Cancer Innovation Fund has awarded $80 million to 95 researchers to date, with $60 million available in the current cycle and 65 projects funded across 28 institutions in 16 cancer areas last year. The new pediatric cancer incubator received $30 million and awarded four Florida children’s hospitals $7.5 million each. Senators asked about outreach to oncologists statewide, peer review and accountability, funding for National Cancer Institute-affiliated institutions, and whether underserved and rural areas are being prioritized; the department said it uses website notices, listservs, collaborative outreach, and eligibility criteria favoring rural and high-cancer-care providers, and that it monitors projects through reports, expenditures, and contract provisions. The committee then heard Senate Bill 312 on patient-directed medical orders, which would create a voluntary, portable, physician-authorized electronic registry for patients to document end-of-life and serious-illness treatment preferences. Supporters, including nurses, hospice and emergency care advocates, and medical professionals, said the bill would help ensure patient wishes are accessible in emergencies, reduce unwanted interventions, and improve continuity of care. Opponents, including Florida Right to Life, argued the bill could broaden end-of-life decisions too far, raise privacy and coercion concerns, and allow withdrawal of care inappropriately. The sponsor said the measure is intended to support patient autonomy and is not anti-life, and noted she was open to amendments. After public testimony, the committee voted on SB 312 and reported it favorably. The roll call showed support from Senators Berman and Harrell, with the bill passing on the committee vote. The meeting then adjourned.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Children and Family Law (10/23/2025)

Children and Family Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • And you don't know everything that happens in the circumstances where parents make the decision to withhold
  • <00:12:35.120><c> the</c><00:12:35.360><c> decision</c><00:12:36.560><c> to</c><00:12:36.720><c> withhold
  • </c> parents make the decision to withhold. parents make the decision to withhold. and<00:12:37.360><
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on State and Local Government - Part 2 - 03/27/26

State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • And so, I can't withhold payments.
  • The provider sued the withholds.
  • </c><02:37:20.760><c> the</c> fraudulently, who wanted to withhold the fraudulently, who wanted to withhold
  • </c> to withhold funds if we identify fraud. to withhold funds if we identify fraud.
  • And so, we can't withhold, we can't create all the standards to withhold federal funds.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Human Services - 04/22/26

Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • Did they have payment withholds from the federal government instituted for the state of Texas?
  • Wanka: Uh, Chair Hoffman, Senator Maye Quade, I am not aware of the large-scale payment withholds to
  • Wanka: Uh, Chair Hoffman, Senator Maye Quade, I am not aware of the large-scale payment withholds to
  • Wanka: Uh, Chair Hoffman, Senator Maye Quade, I am not aware of the large-scale payment withholds to
  • From the investigative side to the DHS payment withholds that the AG's office has nothing to do with.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Finance (02/20/2026)

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • To withhold the money paid by our employees would be a federal crime, a felony.
  • Just to encourage the withholding of taxes from our state's employees and not remitting them would be
  • Support the ITL motion. employees and withholdings of our employees and withholdings of our employees
  • By withholding our share of FICE or it.
  • </c><01:11:34.239><c> of</c> Just to encourage the withholding of Just to encourage the withholding of
Keywords: 1189, house, all
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • And it's really because someone's withholding the child without, when they're not supposed to.
  • or visitation, That the guardian was unreasonably withholding communication or visitation, then there's
  • The mandate that they've given us is, you know, to meet each quarter, address issues of withholding a
  • Yeah, and I think I would phrase it as, you know, our job was to look at people who are withholding a
  • But for parenting time violations, withholding intentional interference, those types of things, it would
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The Child Custody Review Task Force met with a quorum, approved the prior meeting minutes, and reviewed a memorandum compiling member suggestions for possible legislation. The memo grouped ideas into topics including creation of a family court, expanded education for parents, attorneys, and judges, expedited hearings for parenting-time violations, limiting law enforcement involvement in custody disputes, creating parenting time expediters, and adopting more uniform court procedures. Members also discussed whether to form subcommittees, but the task force decided to continue working as a full committee rather than create subcommittees at this time. The committee then heard testimony from Dr. John Perez, a mental health professional, who described his personal custody experience and his professional work with families he believes have been affected by parental alienation. He argued for stronger education, faster court response times, and better tools to address intentional interference with parenting time. Members questioned him about his case history, the concept of parental alienation, and whether specialized family courts or judges with family-law training could help. Dr. Perez said a dedicated family court and faster hearings would likely have helped his situation. The task force spent substantial time discussing the possible creation of a family court. Judge Hovey supported the idea of a specialized family court or at least a study of one, saying family cases are distinct from ordinary adversarial litigation and that judges with family-law experience could better handle them. Several members agreed that a family court could improve consistency, expertise, and speed, but others cautioned that the task force’s current directive is focused on enforcement of existing orders rather than broader custody policy, and noted that voters had previously rejected equal shared parenting proposals. The group also discussed expedited procedures for parenting-time disputes, with Judge Hovey suggesting a 30-day hearing timeline may be workable. On education, members generally supported requiring parents to complete a parenting education course and adding educational materials explaining court process, child support, and what judges can and cannot do. Mr. McLean suggested a short instructional video for litigants and more family-law education for judges and attorneys, while Ms. Moldenhauer said education could be incorporated into scheduling orders or mediation orders. Members also discussed the Parents Forever course, including whether it should be mandatory in all counties and whether cost is a barrier; no vote was taken on any of these proposals.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Transportation Committee Jun 23rd, 2026

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • for any withholding or redaction, and allow for withholding or redaction only if it would, quote, pose
  • Additionally, withholdings pursuant to that provision are not indefinite.
  • Subject to only limited withholding provisions, the withholding provisions are narrowly tailored, require
  • the IG to provide an explanation of the reason for any withholding or redaction, and allow for withholding
  • Pursuant to that provision, withholdings are not indefinite.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Insurance May 6th, 2026

Insurance

Transcript Highlights:
  • If there are delinquent payments, the insurer will withhold that amount from the settlement and send
  • If they withhold the money, I want to make sure that you have a situation where an insurer, say, owes
  • It says they're not liable for withholding it...
  • It says they're not liable for withholding it, but it doesn't say they're not liable for failing to withhold
  • We're doing the withholding. Yeah, no.
Summary: The Senate Committee on Insurance met on May 6, 2026, and first reported HB 1241 favorably. That bill, by Chairman Furman, requires insurers to check with DCFS before paying certain insurance settlements to determine whether the recipient owes delinquent child support, and to withhold and remit arrears if found. DCFS explained that Louisiana already has intercepts and other collection tools, but no current mechanism for insurance settlements. Senators raised concerns about notice to obligors and about liability if insurers fail to withhold, but the bill was advanced without objection. The committee then heard HB 870, which would require health insurers and PBMs to cover lower-cost generic or biosimilar drugs when available and to use utilization management no more restrictively on those drugs. Supporters said the bill would improve access and lower patient costs by using wholesale acquisition cost as the comparison point. Opponents, including Louisiana Blue and the AFL-CIO, argued that WAC ignores rebates and net cost, could force plans to cover higher-cost biosimilars first, and could increase premiums and disrupt ERISA and fully insured plan design. The committee adopted a technical amendment set and then a second amendment set that added notice and reporting requirements tied to net cost calculations, and HB 870 was reported favorably as amended. Several other bills were moved with little or no opposition. HB 1176, concerning Medicare Advantage coverage for integrative cancer treatments such as cold cap therapy, cryotherapy, and acupuncture, was amended to change the effective date and then reported favorably. HB 1196, dealing with colorectal cancer screening follow-up colonoscopies, was also amended and reported favorably. HB 1162, a consumer protection bill requiring DOI to verify that a contractor named on a first-party property damage check is licensed in Louisiana, was amended and reported favorably. HB 826, which modernizes insurance referral rules to allow referrals by email or website address, was reported favorably. The committee also heard HB 1151 on insurer investment limits and solvency protections, and HB 1236 on pharmacy reimbursement and copay maximizer programs; both drew substantial testimony and concern, especially over retroactivity, PBM cost allocation, and whether copay maximizers shift costs to patients, but the transcript cuts off before final action on HB 1236.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House DFL Press Conference 2/4/26

Transcript Highlights:
  • The federal government has attempted to withhold funding from Children's Minnesota, a hospital families
  • They're<00:13:08.320><c> threatening</c><00:13:08.800><c> to</c><00:13:09.040><c> withhold</c><00:13:
  • 09.440><c> that</c> They're threatening to withhold that They're threatening to withhold that care<00
  • </c><00:29:52.000><c> to</c> are proposed rules threatening to are proposed rules threatening to withhold
  • uh certain federal funding from withhold uh certain federal funding from providers<00:29:56.000><c>
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: State lawmakers, the attorney general, advocates, and parents held a press event responding to Children’s Minnesota’s announcement that it would pause some gender-affirming care for minors. Speakers, including Rep. Lee Finke, Hannah Edwards of Transforming Families Minnesota, and Jess Braverman of Gender Justice, said the pause was driven by federal pressure and threats from the Trump administration and HHS, not by medical best practice. They emphasized that gender-affirming care remains legal in Minnesota under the state’s Human Rights Act, Trans Refuge law, and insurance protections, and argued that interrupting care harms trans youth and families, especially those who moved to Minnesota for protection. Testimony focused on the emotional and practical impact on families: loss of trust in providers, delays in treatment, travel and intake wait times, and the stress of having to scramble for continuity of care. Speakers described the care as evidence-based, medically necessary, and life-saving, and said the federal government was using coercion and misinformation to intimidate hospitals and doctors. The attorney general said his office and coalition partners are litigating related federal threats, including a separate RFK Jr. declaration and proposed federal rules, and that Minnesota officials are working to preserve access and enforce state protections. In response to questions, speakers said the state’s legal tools are strong but limited against federal action, so they are relying on court challenges and enforcement of existing state law. They said Children’s Minnesota had been specifically targeted by federal officials and that the hospital’s pause was tied to that pressure. No votes were taken; the event ended with a call for continued public and institutional support for trans youth and for Children’s to resume care as soon as possible.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Republican Press Conference 2/5/25

Transcript Highlights:
  • And then it does a second thing: it prevents city and local governments from withholding information
  • </c> local governments from withholding local governments from withholding information<00:04:14.879><
  • This bill is to specifically address people who would withhold information on crimes like that.
  • This bill is to specifically address people who would withhold information on crimes like that.
  • This bill is to specifically address people who would withhold information on crimes like that.
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: House Republicans held a press event to announce two priority bills focused on immigration and state spending. Rep. Isaac Schultz said his bill, House File 10, would stop taxpayer funding for people in Minnesota illegally, including through programs such as Northstar Promise, MinnesotaCare, medical assistance, and legal services. He framed the proposal as a way to redirect limited state resources to Minnesota families, veterans, people with disabilities, the homeless, and infrastructure needs, and said it could save more than $100 million, with some estimates discussed during debate reaching about $200 million for MinnesotaCare alone. Rep. Max Rymer introduced House File 16, which would require reporting to ICE or other federal immigration authorities when an undocumented immigrant is suspected of committing a violent crime, and would bar local governments from withholding information from federal authorities. He said the bill is intended to end sanctuary-city practices and improve public safety. Both lawmakers argued that the measures are narrow, targeted at violent offenders, and consistent with cooperation with federal immigration enforcement. They also said the bills respond to voter concerns about illegal immigration and rising costs. During questions, the members said the state-funding bill is aimed at state dollars, while the reporting bill complements federal law by addressing local noncooperation. They discussed concerns about eligibility tracking and said current programs do not provide enough data on how many undocumented people receive benefits. Schultz cited a family in his district that lost MinnesotaCare after an income change as an example of what he sees as unfair treatment compared with benefits for undocumented immigrants. No votes were taken at the event; the lawmakers said these are the first of several bills they plan to advance this session.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Education (03/04/2025)

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> you're going to choose to withhold you're going to choose to withhold information<00:03:55.000><
  • </c> appropriate for an educator to withhold appropriate for an educator to withhold or<00:11:22.839>
  • </c> required teachers to withhold required teachers to withhold information<00:17:46.520><c> from</c
  • They may withhold only the information that creates the risk.
  • They may withhold only the information that creates the risk.
Keywords: 1191, senate, all