Transcript Highlights:

• every<05:06:51.240> other probable cause standard that every other probable cause standard
• <05:13:33.558> that probable cause but gives them that probable cause but gives them that
• <05:15:33.840> cause officers to act upon probable cause officers to act upon probable cause
• you you need probable cause so it it's you you need probable cause so it it's it's<05:23:42.360>
• Thank you.” look in the boat to probable cause means look in the boat to probable cause means it's<05

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• During the address those causes.
• Like what caused the accident?
• Like what caused the causation, correct? Like what caused the accident?
• probably answer that question, too. probably answer that question, too.
• And anybody for the good of the cause? And anybody for the good of the cause?

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Mental health conditions were at least causative, felt to be causative, in 216 of those, and the rest
• Ours is probably in the—we just saw it in the last slide—40-plus percent, probably.
• So you're talking about probably $1,000 for the tooth extraction, and you're talking about probably tens
• You probably know this.
• They're probably out there already.

Summary: The committee first approved the previous meeting minutes and then heard a detailed annual report from Dr. Thomas Arnold, chair of the Maternal Mortality Review Committee, on maternal mortality trends and policy issues. He explained the committee’s review process, confidentiality protections, and national and North Dakota data showing that most maternal deaths are preventable and that mental health conditions, substance use, cardiovascular issues, infection, hemorrhage, and embolism are the leading causes. Members asked about suicide, domestic violence, midwife training, home births, and whether pregnancy testing at death scenes should be expanded; Dr. Arnold said better coroner education, more investigation of unexplained deaths, and possible post-mortem pregnancy testing could improve case identification, especially in rural areas. He also noted that deaths often occur well after 42 days postpartum and that mental health-related deaths remain a major concern. The committee then heard from State Fire Marshal Dr. Matthew Clark on cigarette reduced-ignition-propensity standards and related fire prevention issues. He recommended updating the state’s cigarette propensity law to current national standards and also raised a separate recommendation to require fast-breakaway oxygen tubing for home oxygen users, citing fatal fires linked to smoking around oxygen. Members asked about implementation, cost, insurance coverage, and whether the standards apply in tribal communities; Dr. Clark said he would provide follow-up information and was willing to help with any legislation, but no agency bill had yet been planned. Next, Christine Greff of the Department of Health and Human Services reported on the North Dakota Stroke System of Care. She described the statewide network of stroke-ready hospitals, registry-based quality improvement, and performance data showing continued improvement in stroke recognition, imaging, thrombolytic treatment, transfers, and EMS pre-notification. She highlighted new quality measures for inter-facility transfers and intracerebral hemorrhage care, and said the system remains strong but depends on continued legislative and hospital support. Committee members asked about participation by the VA hospital and were encouraged to consider outreach to include it more fully in the stroke system. Finally, the committee began a presentation on prior authorization and non-opioid pain treatment from Taha Khan of Vertex Pharmaceuticals. He argued that prior authorization can delay access to non-opioid acute pain medications, especially in the 24- to 72-hour post-discharge window when pain is most severe, and said delays can push patients toward opioids. He emphasized that prior authorization has a role in utilization management but should not create barriers in acute pain care, and he noted that current use of the company’s non-opioid product remains very low. The discussion was still underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• <01:11:15.000> a<01:11:15.159> person probable cause to believe that a person probable
• um the peace officer makes the probable um the peace officer makes the probable cause<01:17:24.480
• determination of probable determination of probable cause<01:17:49.960> Mr bakus<01:17:54.159
• c> the probable cause determination by the probable cause determination by the peace<01:22:25.120
• /c><01:39:46.520> Attorney probable cause or the County Attorney probable cause or the County

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• know what they did and the probably know what they did and the community<00:17:50.320> probably
• . cause. cause.
• means of rem removal but for just cause. means of rem removal but for just cause.
• and notice of cause, explain the cause, and notice of cause, explain the cause, and give<00:42
• >> And has it caused problems?

Keywords: 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It's caused by fury, it's caused by climate change, and it's caused by the cost to repair vehicles.
• There's a proximate cause.
• That's probably a proximate cause.
• What the law says probably—proximate cause, and the bill, proximate cause comes in with these, and it
• not causative.

Bills: HB4011, HB2680, HB4325, HB4327, HB4944, HB1761, HB4688, HB3453, HB40, HB1707, HB4749, HB2322, HB3647, HB4139, HB4081, HB2203, HB2100, HB4170, HB3104, HB4623, HB40

Keywords: partition, heirs' property, real estate, co-ownership, family property, non-heir cotenant, right of first refusal, pilot services, liability limitation, maritime commerce, Matagorda Bay, Lavaca Bay, transportation code, maritime industry, civil liability, barratry, penalties, legal actions, damages, wrongful death

Transcript Highlights:

• probable cause findings of ethics probable cause findings of ethics violations.<00:15:04.079>
• final three that you found probable final three that you found probable cause<00:30:24.640> for
• cause to believe that there's probable cause to believe that<00:30:47.039> there<00:30:47.360
• c><00:32:17.279> civil probable cause hearing in a civil probable cause hearing in a civil action
• <00:32:29.279> cause the substance of the probable cause the substance of the probable cause

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Kentucky Legislative Ethics Commission met on November 18, 2025, approved the October 14 minutes, and then took up five motions in ethics matters 24LEC3 and 24LEC6. Those motions included a renewed motion to dismiss and motion to quash by Representative Daniel Gberg, a renewed motion to compel/sanctions and continuance request by Mr. Jenkins, and competing motions in limine concerning evidence and redaction of deposition transcripts. Vice Chair Mike Schaw was appointed hearing officer for the motion practice, and the commission agreed to hear the motions one at a time in open session. Representative Chris Lily joined later by Zoom. Counsel for Representative Gberg argued the remaining allegations were minor, that the commission lacked key exculpatory materials such as an alleged LRC report, policies, procedures, and training materials, and that the record did not support the ethics charges. She also argued the case had been broadened by extraneous allegations and that the respondent had been unfairly prejudiced. Enforcement counsel responded that he had produced all materials in his possession, that any LRC materials were not in the commission’s custody, and that the commission’s probable-cause findings were based on sworn testimony and affidavits already in the record. He argued the motions to dismiss and for summary judgment should be denied because genuine issues of material fact remained and the commission had already found probable cause on three ethics violations. Commission members questioned both sides about the alleged LRC report and whether it was part of the commission’s record. The chair stated the commission had not relied on any LRC report and had not withheld anything, while another member emphasized that the proceeding concerned alleged violations of the ethics code, not LRC sexual-harassment policy. A commissioner also noted the unusual structure of the proceeding and questioned whether the complaints, taken as true, stated a basis for dismissal. The transcript ends during continued discussion of the standard for dismissal and summary judgment, with no final ruling on the motions captured in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• At the time, they issue a no probable cause finding.
• Finally, it adjusts the no probable, probable, probable. probable cause finding a fact process to better
• The courts have allowed themselves to also utilize a process called probable cause.
• This notion where the probable cause affidavits are being rejected.
• There's plenty of probable cause, and they are being rejected at a very high level.

Bills: SB9, SB1047, SB1048, SJR17, SJR49, SB40, SJR1, SJR5, SB 9, SB 40, SJR 1

Keywords: bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, criminal procedure, public safety report, victim notification, family violence, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunction, taxpayer rights, violent crimes, sexual offenses, community safety, constitutional amendment, trafficking

Transcript Highlights:

• On the House side, it's a probable cause standard, and that is related to probable cause that the person
• <00:03:15.360> cause the House side, it's a probable cause the House side, it's a probable
• probable standard and that is related to probable cause<00:03:19.440> that<00:03:19.599> the
• probable cause and the warrant probable cause and the warrant requirement<00:12:52.959> with<
• asks for probable cause uh to believe asks for probable cause uh to believe has<00:31:40.559>

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• The court finds probable cause, but they can actually get out before trial with the language in your
• So that's probable cause regardless of the immigration status or condition of the individual.
• The court finds probable cause, but they can actually get out before trial with the language in your
• that's probable cause regardless of the immigration status or condition of the individual.
• Take a minute if you must, but the probable cause relates to the crime.

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the pledge, and a moment of silence honoring former Senator and Judge Thomas Gallen. The chamber then moved to special order items focused on immigration and related enforcement measures. Senate Memorial 6C, urging the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to provide guidance and training for 287(g) agreements, passed by voice vote. The Senate then took up Senate Bill 4C, an immigration measure that would impose a mandatory death penalty for unauthorized aliens convicted of capital felonies and create state crimes for illegal entry and re-entry. Senators Pizzo, Polsky, and Sharief raised concerns about constitutional issues, plea bargaining, trial and penalty-phase procedures, prosecutorial discretion, and the effect on victims’ families. Supporters, including Senators Fine and Gruters, argued the bill was a strong deterrent and a response to serious crimes committed by undocumented immigrants. The bill passed 25-11. The chamber next debated Senate Bill 2C, a broader immigration enforcement package. The bill would create a State Board of Immigration Enforcement, expand local-federal cooperation, fund detention and enforcement efforts, strengthen pretrial detention rules for unauthorized aliens, and end in-state tuition waivers for undocumented students. Senators Davis and Pizzo questioned enforcement mechanics, jurisdiction, bond procedures, and whether local agencies were actually mandated to participate; supporters said the bill was designed to maximize cooperation with federal authorities and the Trump administration. A late-filed amendment by Senator Pizzo to preserve tuition waivers for current students failed 14-22, and a second amendment was withdrawn after discussion. Debate then continued on the bill, with opponents arguing it was costly, federal in nature, and harmful to Dreamers and other students, while supporters said it was necessary to crack down on illegal immigration and align state policy with federal enforcement priorities.

Transcript Highlights:

• cause to believe that there be probable cause to believe a<00:42:29.359> crime<00:42:29.520><
• Um that does not require probable cause.
• <01:05:24.000> cause a judge to say there's probable cause a judge to say there's probable
• you described, there's likely probable you described, there's likely probable cause<01:05:35.440
• purposes would not have the probable purposes would not have the probable cause<01:18:51.040>

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The conference committee took testimony on Senate File 3051, which would allow law enforcement to release unredacted collision crash investigation video and related data to certain requesters, rather than requiring redaction first. Joel Carlson, speaking for the Minnesota Association for Justice, said the bill is intended to save local governments time and money because redacted video is often later released unredacted through court motions anyway. He emphasized that the proposal is limited to people already entitled to crash reports, requires a written request and accident report, does not create an affirmative duty to release data, and preserves law enforcement’s ability to withhold data for active investigations or other protected information. He also cited the Burks decision as support for the view that a subject of data is entitled to the full data even if it includes other subjects. Colonel Christina Bogavich of the Minnesota State Patrol raised concerns that the bill would still require staff to review videos for exceptions, including private data involving bystanders, juveniles, undercover officers, CAD information, and other protected material, so it would not create the claimed time savings. She also said the bill expands the number of potential requesters and lacks a liability provision if released data is improperly disseminated. Committee members and staff discussed the current Data Practices Act, including that private data can still be discoverable in litigation through a court balancing test and that protective orders may apply. A preliminary fiscal note estimated a Department of Public Safety cost of $4,026,334 annually, and members requested copies of the note. Members questioned whether the bill would actually reduce work or simply shift when the work occurs, and whether a litigation-specific exception to redaction should be added. Carlson said he was open to changes, including making release permissive rather than mandatory and strengthening the use restrictions, while members noted the proposal had not yet been heard in the House and would need more vetting. No vote or final action was taken on the provision during this discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Judges determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support probable cause and ensure the warrant
• Judges determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support probable cause and ensure the warrant
• Judges determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support probable cause and ensure the warrant
• <00:04:57.720> This do not pass probable cause muster.
• This do not pass probable cause muster.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:07:59.039> of Guns are also the number one cause of Guns are also the number one cause
• It became embolism as the main causes.
• Three people, probably. So, uh, not millions of dollars. No.
• Three people, probably. So, uh, not millions of dollars. No.
• bad place when they're the the top cause bad place when they're the the top cause of<01:01:14.880

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The committee heard House File 3668, authored by Chair Beerman, which would create a state Office of Gun Violence Prevention. Beerman and several supporters framed gun violence as a public health crisis, arguing the office would improve research, coordination, data collection, and evidence-based prevention. Supporters cited firearm deaths among children and adults, the trauma experienced by survivors and families, and Minnesota’s need for a centralized structure to guide policy and prevention efforts. Testifying in support were representatives of the Minnesota Medical Association, Protect Minnesota, a parent affected by the Annunciation school shooting, family physicians, an OB-GYN, and a pediatric emergency physician. They described gun violence as a daily clinical and community reality, pointed to rising firearm deaths and injuries, and said Minnesota should apply the same public health approach used for motor vehicle safety, tobacco, and other crises. Several witnesses emphasized the impact on children, suicide prevention, maternal health, and the need for Minnesota-specific research and coordinated responses. Opposition came from the Minnesota Gun Owners Caucus, which argued the bill would create a taxpayer-funded bureaucracy that could be used to advance gun control policy and treat lawful firearm ownership as a public health problem. The group said the state should focus instead on enforcement, prosecution, and victim services. Vice Chair Nidau offered an A2 amendment to move the office from the Department of Health to the Department of Public Safety, citing data-sharing and accountability, but withdrew it after discussion with Chair Beerman. The hearing ended with additional member discussion, including concerns about existing violence-prevention spending and whether school safety investments would be a better use of funds; no final vote was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• That us a better definition of cause.
• cause first. Thank you, Senator Papis. cause first. Thank you, Senator Papis.
• who do not practice in that area, cause who do not practice in that area, cause means<00:15:14.320
• So, um, for cause is the workplace.
• and I think probably serves okay here. and I think probably serves okay here.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• numbers database it actually probably numbers database it actually probably could<00:48:56.640><
• <00:52:01.119> not pretty obvious uh they're probably not pretty obvious uh they're probably
• to juvenile fish species or cause to juvenile fish species or cause abnormalities<01:03:03.920><
• <01:08:32.640> the companies seal masters probably the companies seal masters probably the
• I'm venturing to say it's probably not a smoke shop, probably not a gas station.

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The hearing focused on House Bill 1281, which would establish standards and voluntary certification for agency-owned “facility comfort dogs” used by police and other public safety agencies. Representative Morton, the prime sponsor, said the bill is intended to create a consistent statewide framework because different departments currently use different policies. He emphasized that the bill is meant to distinguish comfort dogs from service animals, emotional support animals, and therapy dogs, and noted that a small amendment may be needed to make that distinction clearer. He also said the bill is timely under the ADA because comfort dogs fall outside service-animal protections, but still need training standards for public safety and consistency. Committee members questioned whether the bill was too detailed and whether the legislature should be setting rules on matters like training methods, diet, and breeding. Laura Barker of Hero Pups, who helped train New Hampshire’s first police comfort dog, supported the idea of a minimum standard but said the bill should be less prescriptive and should not interfere with therapy dogs or private handlers. She explained that comfort dogs vary in temperament and deployment needs, that raw diets raise zoonotic disease concerns, and that the program should remain voluntary and not cost the state money. Detective Michelle Jones of Portsmouth Police opposed the bill as written, saying the term “facility comfort dog” is confusing, the bill is overly restrictive, and some provisions go beyond what should be mandated by statute; she suggested a more flexible, guideline-based approach and noted that departments already have their own SOPs and can enforce them internally. Justin Brassen of the Manchester Police Department also testified, describing the history of comfort dog programs in New Hampshire and the work of a prior subcommittee formed through the governor’s commission on PTSD among first responders. He said there are currently no statewide standards and that the earlier study involved police, fire, EMS, dispatch, corrections, and NAMI New Hampshire, with the goal of creating a thoughtful work product. He agreed the bill needs work and answered questions about how departments handle training and public access. By the end of the hearing, members and witnesses discussed possible amendments, and one committee member suggested the bill may be better handled through interim study because of the amount of work still needed.

Transcript Highlights:

• There probably are situations where somebody—I mean, I don't know—I probably don't want to ride in the
• It's probably a common nuisance.
• And the entity that is liable is the one who proximately caused or engaged in the activity that caused
• And the entity that is liable is the one who proximate caused or engaged in the activity that caused
• It is probably more likely, you know, to see, well, that's probably an exaggeration.

Bills: HB2242, HB2446, HB2799, HB4502, HB2920, HB2790, HB5620, HB5060, HB5076, HB5080, HB5081, HB5128, HB5130, HB3847, HB5116, HB2969, HB4546, HB4202, HB5624, HB3964, HB4803, HB872, HB4775, HB4777, HB4961, HB5570, HB2988, HB4260, HB1375, HB5009, HB5411, HB5134, HB4388, HB3095, HB1387

Keywords: constables, civil rights, local government, law enforcement, policy-making authority, affidavit, medical bills, civil actions, reasonable charges, healthcare services, judicial statistics, court performance, family law, civil cases, efficiency reporting, court security, emergency management, harassment penalties, judicial safety, court committee

Summary: The committee heard House Bill 4961, which would bar uninsured motorists from recovering non-economic damages after a collision. The author said the bill is intended to create incentives to maintain insurance and to address what he described as an unfair system for insured drivers. Texans for Lawsuit Reform and Texas Eagle Forum testified in support, while the Texas Trial Lawyers Association opposed it, warning the bill could also affect pedestrians, passengers, children, and others who did not choose whether a vehicle was insured. The bill author clarified that passengers would be included in the bill’s coverage. No vote was taken and the bill was left pending. House Bill 5570 would extend a legislative attorney CLE exemption to attorneys appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Senate to boards or commissions. The author said the measure is meant to ease time burdens and encourage service, and a witness supported it as a modest incentive for public service. A committee member noted a discrepancy in the number of affected attorneys, and the author agreed to verify the correct figure. The bill was left pending. The committee also heard House Bill 2969, which would restrict the State Bar from adopting rules or penalties that unreasonably burden attorneys’ religious exercise or free speech based on sincerely held beliefs. The author and several witnesses from Texas Values, Alliance Defending Freedom, and Cecilia Wood argued the bill protects lawyers of faith from an ABA model rule they described as a speech code. No one testified against the bill, and it was left pending. House Bill 4260, which would prohibit county judges and county commissioners from practicing law in courts over which they have jurisdiction, drew opposition from the County Judges and Commissioners Association, which argued existing ethics rules already address conflicts and that the bill would burden rural officials. The author said the bill was prompted by concerns about judges using their office to pressure others. The bill was left pending. House Bill 5134 would limit Rule 202 pre-suit depositions to people who have suffered or reasonably expect actual damages and would allow attorney’s fees against abusive petitioners. The author said the bill is aimed at preventing harassment and fishing expeditions, especially in family-law disputes. Questions focused on how the standard would work and how it differs from current law; the author said the main change is fee-shifting and a clearer legislative directive. The bill was left pending. House Bill 3095, a committee substitute version of a similar uninsured-motorist bill, would bar uninsured motorists from recovering non-economic damages and limit economic recovery, with several exceptions. Trial lawyers argued it was unconstitutional because it capped economic damages and could unfairly affect innocent drivers, pedestrians, and older people who no longer drive. The author acknowledged constitutional concerns and said the bill would need further work; the committee withdrew the substitute and left the bill pending. Finally, House Bill 4388 would require all judges, including county judges who perform administrative duties, to remain subject to the Code of Judicial Conduct. Supporters said some elected judges avoid accountability by relinquishing judicial functions, while opponents argued the bill is too rigid and unnecessary because existing remedies already exist. House Bill 3964 would limit public nuisance claims to their historical role and bar such claims against lawful conduct, conduct already covered by other remedies, and products. The author and supporters said the bill is meant to prevent courts from using public nuisance to make policy, while opponents argued it would eliminate useful remedies and could affect local actions against environmental or product-related harms. The author said the bill would not affect statutory nuisance claims, private nuisance claims, or other causes of action, and would be amended to clarify some provisions. The bill was left pending.

Transcript Highlights:

• all the this vascular information causes heart attacks, causes strokes.
• So anything that causes either a stroke, even a. small stroke or a big stroke or anything that causes
• So all infections, probably not. unique to COVID, flu, bacterial sepsis, can cause this, why we saw it
• Anything that causes stress, anything that causes distress is going to increase inflammation.
• You probably heard of them.

Bills: HB5, HJR3, HB155, HB513, HB5, HB155

Keywords: dementia, research, health care, Texas Institute, grants, medical breakthroughs, oversight, prevention, funding, healthcare, Texas, autopsy, confidentiality, public records, medical examiner, law enforcement, HB 513, surgical smoke, surgical plume, smoke evacuation

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:03:13.720> of Suicide is the second leading cause of Suicide is the second leading cause
• <00:19:26.320> of and it is addressing the root cause of and it is addressing the root cause
• Rob, is probably a good indicator.
• Well, what's causing the school climate to be bad?
• that teacher doing to cause that teacher doing to cause so-and-so<01:03:25.880> to<01:03:

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, so what about the process of the probable cause issue?
• So, process of the probable cause issue?
• And if they say there's not enough here for probable cause, Cause, it goes away anyway.
• Just enough to cross the probable cause standard.
• We suggested that this only apply to certain... probable cause multiple times for probable cause multiple

Keywords: 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• us that have occurred that would cause us that have occurred that would cause us to move to to move
• in the for the 14 days was probably in the for the 14 days was probably in the process of it had to
• cause some health issue or could just cause some health issue or could just cause some type of harm
• can cause uh um a nuisance will cause can cause uh um a nuisance will cause can cause uh um a lot of
• definitions for what uh what would cause definitions for what uh what would cause possibly cause some

Keywords: 1136, house, all