Video & Transcript Research : 'utilization controls'

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TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • LAPS funds are being utilized, if possible, for the qualifying counties.
  • How do you utilize those? How do we make— I mean, like seriously, I mean.
  • We need additional utilities and IT infrastructure.
  • We have got to get this stuff under control. And we can.
  • As a smaller university, we utilize this funding for core operations.
Bills: SB1, SB 1
NV
Transcript Highlights:
  • There are some ADUs out there that could be utilized for housing.
  • That is dependent upon our utilization, and, you know, ...those rebates also contribute to the general
  • These proposed price controls disregard and may even interfere with the market-based ecosystem.
  • These proposed price controls disregard and may even interfere with the market-based ecosystem of the
  • So... ...or some other type of site control for solar development in Eureka County.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • optimized office space to utilize optimized office space to utilize improved<00:24:40.400> space
  • <00:54:12.079> Those additional rideway or utilities.
  • Those additional rideway or utilities.
  • So that’s all done and it’s being utilized across the state. All right.
  • So we’ve been utilizing this OneDrive, and that’s where all the photos are at.
Summary: The Budget Review Subcommittee on Transportation met without a quorum and first received a maintenance update from Kentucky Transportation Cabinet officials James Ballinger and John Moore. They described how repeated disasters, including floods, tornadoes, and ice storms, have strained routine road maintenance and forced crews to focus on emergency response, snow and ice removal, pothole patching, ditching, signal repairs, mowing, striping, sign work, and other day-to-day upkeep. They said snow and ice costs have averaged about $60 million to $61 million annually in recent years, disaster response has totaled hundreds of millions of dollars over five years, and the cabinet often must carry those costs until FEMA or FHWA reimbursement arrives. They also said maintenance work is increasingly contracted out because of staffing and resource limits, and that competitive pay is needed to retain employees and contractors for around-the-clock emergency work. Members then discussed traffic roundabouts and other intersection designs. Senator Hickden asked about their cost savings and safety benefits compared with traffic signals, and cabinet staff said they would provide life-cycle cost figures later. They emphasized that roundabouts and related designs reduce serious injuries and fatalities, with serious injuries down roughly 70% to 80% and fatalities over 90% in their experience. Chair Douglas and others asked about roundabout sizing for trucks and farm equipment, and staff explained that designers tailor the inscribed diameter to local traffic needs and context. The committee also briefly discussed red-light running and traffic-light cameras, with members stressing the safety risks of drivers ignoring signals. The committee adopted the minutes from the prior meeting by motion and voice vote. It then heard from Sarah Jackson and Matthew Cole on the Real ID and driver licensing transition. They said the cabinet has expanded from almost no regional offices to 35, grown driver licensing staff from 89 to 400, and now issues about 1.3 million credentials annually. They reported improvements in office capacity, queue management, staffing, and compensation, including added workstations, new or expanded offices in Louisville, Lexington, and Bardstown, and the use of contract staff. They said statewide average wait times have fallen to just under 30 minutes, and Kentucky’s Real ID adoption rate has risen to 42.9%. Members asked follow-up questions about driver testing and CDL scheduling. The presenters said all permit and CDL testing is coordinated through Kentucky State Police, with written tests available in most regional offices and CDL testing at a smaller number of KSP locations. Senator Douglas asked when the driver testing requirements were last updated, and the presenters said that was set by KSP. The discussion ended with additional questions about which regional offices lack KSP testing presence, but no further action was taken before the transcript ended.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
  • is a tax credit for small energy producers who produce renewable energy and sell it to the larger utility
  • is a tax credit for small energy producers who produce renewable energy that sell it to the larger utility
  • You'll see it's a pollution controlled device tax credit.
  • There you get a 10% credit if you are required to purchase certain pollution control devices to comply
  • The People's Republic of China government-controlled or majority-owned companies from contracting with
Keywords: 1182, all
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
  • is a tax credit for small energy producers who produce renewable energy and sell it to the larger utility
  • is a tax credit for small energy producers who produce renewable energy that sell it to the larger utility
  • You'll see it's a pollution-controlled device tax credit.
  • There you get a 10% credit if you are required to purchase certain pollution control devices to comply
  • It establishes the Protection Procurement Act to prohibit People's Republic of China government-controlled
Summary: The meeting began with a JLBC presentation on the state budget proposal. Staff reviewed revenue changes from the April forecast, which lowered expected growth slightly, and then walked through major tax policy provisions. Those included full conformity with HR1 for the current tax year, a shift to the provisions of SB 1106 for future tax years, new deductions for retirement/pension distributions and Roth IRA contributions, an increase in the dependent credit, and a child and dependent care subtraction. Staff said the tax changes had an overall fiscal impact of about $1.4 billion over four years. They also described offsets from repealing several tax credits and exemptions, including solar-related tax breaks, a renewable energy production credit, a new employment tax credit, a refundable R&D credit for smaller employers, and a pollution-control device credit, totaling about $75 million in added revenue. Another budget item would redirect Arizona Commerce Authority Competes Fund lottery distributions to the general fund. Members asked questions about the budget’s effect on ACCESS eligibility checks, state employee health insurance funding, and cuts to one-time funding for area agencies on aging and Alzheimer’s programs. The committee then moved to caucus items on several bills. HB 2249, as amended by the Senate, would expand the parents’ bill of rights to include access to a child’s complete educational record and notice if school staff facilitate social transitioning, and would require investigation of prior violations; the sponsor concurred with the amendment. HB 2035 would require DCS and courts to identify and consider extended family for kinship foster care placement, with Senate changes shortening a reporting deadline and adding adopted family members to the definition. HB 2170 would bar state contracts for electronic or IT goods with PRC-controlled companies, with a certification requirement added in the Senate. HB 2573 would remove a waiting period for ignition interlock restricted licenses after DUI revocation and adjust psychotherapy language. HB 2415 on kratom would classify synthetic kratom as a narcotic drug and add advertising, packaging, and retail restrictions, but the sponsor intended to refuse the Senate changes. HB 2873 would let local petition sponsors withdraw municipal referendum petitions retroactively, which members noted could affect the Marana data center petition effort. The final bill discussed, SB 1798, would create a Financial Aid Awareness Program in the Department of Education to recognize schools that support FAFSA completion. Members questioned whether the department would need additional staff or resources, but no fiscal note had been provided. The meeting ended with recognition of interns and a brief photo opportunity before the caucus moved into closed session.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

89th Legislative Session Mar 10th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • HB 1247, by Zwiener, relating to the interruption of utility services by a residential landlord, referred
  • the Texas Controlled Substances Act, referred to the Committee on Public Health.
  • HB 1339 by CERI relating to designating certain substances as a Schedule 4 controlled substance under
  • the Texas Controlled Substance Act referred to the Committee on Public Health.
  • HB 1343, by Troxclair, relating to the issuance by the Public Utility Commission of Texas of a permit
Summary: The House met to read a large slate of newly filed bills and resolutions and refer them to committees. The measures covered a wide range of topics, including health care and insurance, public education, elections, criminal justice, public safety, taxes, transportation, agriculture, environmental regulation, higher education, housing, and local government. Several proposals focused on abortion and reproductive health, firearms, voter registration and ballot access, school curriculum and accountability, property tax and homestead issues, and state contracting and agency oversight. A number of constitutional amendments were also filed, including proposals on initiative and referendum, veto override authority, vaccination refusal, parental rights in education, gun rights, Medicaid expansion, and various tax exemptions. No substantive debate, testimony, or votes occurred during this portion of the meeting; the clerk simply read the bills and resolutions and announced their committee referrals. The list included both general legislation and joint resolutions, with many items sent to standing committees and several to subcommittees. The House then adjourned without objection until 2 p.m. on Tuesday.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session Mar 10th, 2025

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • it in a report that will then come back to the legislature so that we can see that those internal controls
  • Use that moving forward to make better and more informed decisions as to how well internal controls are
  • Decisions as to how we fund based on the perhaps great internal controls or a lack of internal controls
  • Without real oversight Of the rules, we are in a state of spiral out of control.
  • (OLA) the ability to follow back up on their recommendations and to Make sure that the internal controls
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee Apr 22nd, 2026 at 09:30 am

Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • And it's the angle of the drums that controls the reactivity.
  • We should be able to control emissions and bring down, you know.
  • When you don’t have control of these things, you really don’t have control of the ability to maintain
  • So we go out and work with utilities.
  • We're looking at new control rod mechanisms.
Keywords: 908, all
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Advanced Nuclear Energy Committee Apr 22nd, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • And it’s the angle of the drums that controls the reactivity.
  • We should be able to control emissions and bring down, you know.
  • When you don't have control of these things, you really don't have control of the ability to maintain
  • So we go out and work with utilities.
  • We're looking at new control rod mechanisms.
Summary: The meeting opened with remarks about the value of public engagement and the quality of questions from the group, followed by a series of technical presentations from Idaho National Laboratory staff. Joe Renovitz described recent nuclear regulatory changes tied to presidential executive orders, including NRC Part 53 for advanced reactors, the forthcoming Part 57 for very small reactors, and DOE updates to reactor authorization standards. He emphasized efforts to align DOE and NRC processes, use risk-informed and performance-based licensing, support reactor deployment for AI/data centers and national security, and use AI to speed communications and crosswalks between DOE and NRC requirements. In response to questions, he said there was no plan to merge agencies, but rather to improve coordination and public outreach through groups like GAIN and NEI. David Tolman then discussed the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining, conversion, enrichment, fuel fabrication, spent fuel storage, transportation, disposal, and reprocessing. He explained high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU), why it is needed for advanced reactors, and DOE’s HALEU Availability Program and related investments in enrichment, transportation, deconversion, and supply chain development. He also covered spent fuel management, the possibility of centralized storage or a fuel-cycle campus, the Center for Used Fuel Research, and ongoing work on high-burnup cask testing and reprocessing technologies. Tolman described aqueous, pyrochemical, and fluoride-volatility reprocessing approaches, noting the advantages and waste characteristics of each, and said several companies are working with INL on these technologies. Ashley Shields presented INL’s AI and nuclear work, focusing on the Genesis initiative and the Prometheus effort to use AI to design, license, build, and operate reactors with far less human intervention. She described INL’s broad use of generative AI tools, the need to manage large volumes of legacy technical data, and applications in reactor design, materials discovery, autonomous laboratories, and digital twins. Shields said AI is being used to reduce the enormous documentation burden in nuclear licensing and to support autonomous or remotely operated reactor demonstrations, while stressing that humans remain in supervisory roles. In discussion, she addressed data security, model access, and the continued need for software engineers. The session then recessed briefly and resumed with Mitch Kerman beginning a presentation on critical minerals and materials.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Civil Law and Procedure May 26th, 2026

Civil Law and Procedure

Transcript Highlights:
  • those parcels, and through possible expropriation and eminent domain, get those parcels under the control
  • Get those parcels under the control of local municipalities in New Orleans so that we can figure out
  • which is a constitutional amendment to allow for the use of public funds to replace drinking water utility
  • proposes to allow ...the use of public funds by a political subdivision with respect to drinking water utility
Summary: The Civil Law and Procedure Committee met at 10:15 a.m. on May 26 and established a quorum. The first item was House Resolution 307 by Representative Dana Henry, which would create a task force to study expropriation, acquisition, and related issues tied to economic development in New Orleans East and the Louisiana International Terminal project. The resolution was described as focused on identifying underdeveloped parcels, clarifying ownership, and ensuring due process and safeguards against illegal takings. The chair moved to report H.R. 307 favorably, and it was reported favorably without objection. The committee then considered Senate Bill 228 by Senator Duplessis, a proposed constitutional amendment to allow public funds to be used to replace drinking water utility service lines on private property, specifically to enable use of federal funds for lead pipe replacement on both sides of the water meter. Testimony from the sponsor and Paul Rainwater emphasized that the measure is narrowly tailored, intended to avoid the Constitution’s donation prohibition, and needed to access already-granted federal money. Members discussed why a constitutional amendment was necessary, whether the wording should specify federal funds, and whether the proposal could confuse voters. A draft 6.8A report recommended reporting SB 228 without amendments and noted a possible conflict with House Bill 603 because both measures amend the same constitutional section. The committee adopted the 6.8A report without objection, then approved a motion to report SB 228 without amendments. The meeting adjourned without further action.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • It will kill the utilities on cost.
  • You provide the incentives, people utilize them.
  • If you, you know, utilization is everything.
  • Southern California Edison is an electric-only utility.
  • Our site in LAX has seen really good utilization.
Summary: The joint informational hearing of the Select Committee on Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure focused on California’s EV market, charging infrastructure, and the effects of recent federal actions. The chair opened by emphasizing California’s progress on EV adoption and charging reliability, but also noted ongoing challenges with affordability, access, interoperability, heavy-duty electrification, and federal headwinds. She highlighted interest in technologies such as inductive charging and thanked host organizations and staff before moving to the first panel. State agency witnesses from Go-Biz, CARB, and the California Energy Commission described current programs and priorities. Go-Biz outlined its role in coordinating agencies, supporting permitting, and advancing the state’s ZEV market development strategy and equity action plan. CARB discussed federal attacks on its clean vehicle regulations, litigation to defend waiver authority, and the importance of incentives and regulatory programs such as Advanced Clean Trucks, Advanced Clean Fleets, Clean Truck Check, HVIP, and Clean Cars for All. The CEC detailed its funding and regulatory work on charging and fueling infrastructure, charger reliability, payment methods, roaming, and statewide planning, while stressing the need for more charging in multifamily housing and more public DC fast charging. All three agencies said federal rollbacks and permitting delays are major obstacles, but that California remains committed to expanding ZEV adoption. The second panel featured advocates, local government, utility, and research perspectives. CalETC urged continuous state funding through the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and emphasized the low-carbon fuel standard, multifamily charging, and managed charging. An EV advocacy group proposed a conquest-style state incentive for new and used EV buyers and argued that multifamily housing is a major untapped market, while also favoring Level 2 charging over Level 1 for most home and apartment settings. Los Angeles County and LADWP described large-scale local deployment of chargers, fleet electrification, workforce training, and the need for sustained funding, agency coordination, and streamlined permitting and grid interconnection. UCS recommended prioritizing replacement of older high-emitting vehicles, using fuel policy revenues to support cleaner cars, and expanding bidirectional charging. The chair closed by asking for more discussion on Level 1 versus Level 2 charging and noted the importance of education, affordability, and practical deployment strategies.
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • Precision strike, that is our combat controllers.
  • In general, we have about a 75% utilization rate. That's incredibly high.
  • utilization rate. utilization rate.
  • . control. control.
  • Commonwealth in expanding and utilizing Commonwealth in expanding and utilizing workforce<00:58:
Keywords: 958, all
Summary: The task force met on October 14, confirmed a quorum, and adopted the September 16, 2025 minutes. Members then received a Kentucky Air National Guard 101 briefing from Brigadier General Bruce Bancroft, commander of the Kentucky Air National Guard, who described the Guard’s structure, missions, and statewide role. He emphasized that Kentucky is a single-wing state centered at Louisville’s 123rd Airlift Wing and highlighted several unique capabilities, including the Contingency Response Group, critical care air transport teams, medical detachment for chemical environments, explosive ordnance disposal, fatality search and recovery, and special tactics personnel. General Bancroft also discussed staffing and readiness, saying the Guard has 1,273 authorized positions, with a mix of AGR, Title 32, and Title 5 personnel. He noted that AGR positions are funded at about 96 percent, while technician positions are funded at about 53 percent, leaving the organization to operate at roughly 75 percent of authorized manpower overall. He said the wing converted from the C-130H to the C-130J in 2021 and completed the transition in about 2.5 years, ahead of the original three-year timeline. The briefing further covered the Guard’s operational tempo and community role. Bancroft said the unit has earned 21 Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, has deployed about 500,000 days since 9/11 across 45 countries, and routinely supports federal and domestic missions. He described the C-130J’s tactical airlift, airdrop, and blacked-out operations as directly useful for disaster response in Kentucky, and he pointed to strong ties with UPS and other aviation employers. No votes or formal actions were taken beyond approval of the prior minutes.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Senate May 12th, 2026

Louisiana Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Form our minds that are steady and hearts that are controlled.
  • House Bill 87 by Representative Mack is an act in Title 33, relative to Livingston Parish Gas Utility
  • House Bill 503, by Representative Orgeron, is an act in Title 32 relative to the use of utility terrain
  • Relative of the operation and control of ferries by the Department of Transportation and Development,
  • Members, House Bill 464 provides relative to mandatory reporting of damage to utilities.
Keywords: 974, senate, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Delivery of Government Efficiency Apr 9th, 2025

Delivery of Government Efficiency

Transcript Highlights:
  • We represent about 900 water and wastewater rural utilities here in Texas.
  • However, it is just not possible for a small role water utility to negotiate with large corporations
  • Our special utility districts are a type of district that is non-taxing. and other types of districts
  • So that not just humans, but computers and then agents that are evolving under the control of humans,
  • And so, am I right in being able to say that, and do you have any control over that?
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Human Services - 04/13/26

Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:05:08.840> across our program integrity controls across our program integrity controls
  • It means designing program integrity controls within the program design.
  • to a vendor or provider when seeking monetary recovery utilizing MMIS.
  • when seeking monetary recovery utilizing when seeking monetary recovery utilizing MMIS.
  • <00:51:42.160> And<00:51:42.320> so utilizing TEFRA. And so utilizing TEFRA.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Energy, Utilities and Communications Committee Jun 24th, 2026

Energy, Utilities and Communications

Transcript Highlights:
  • By utilizing escalating penalties, the CPUC will encourage utilities to take greater care to ensure their
  • With this legislation, we should expect the utilities, internal audits, and other controls to tighten
  • AB 2065 would alter the incentives for utilities.
  • than fragmented utility-by-utility purchasing.
  • And then also Lower cost than fragmented, utility-by-utility purchasing.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Environmental Quality Committee Jun 24th, 2026

Environmental Quality

Transcript Highlights:
  • Could it reduce domestic production by limiting pest control?
  • The legislator has invested in a voucher program, and those funds have been utilized.
  • Brendan Tewig on behalf of the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association.
  • That's the air pollution control officers from all 35 local air districts.
  • our burn, so we need control burns.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/17/2026 - House Natural Resources, Energy & Water

Natural Resources, Energy & Water

Transcript Highlights:
  • Dean Miller, representing the Water Utilities Association of Arizona.
  • When in-state utilities build new power plants, it’s clear who will be receiving the power, so the utility
  • ... ...if the electric utility disconnects power.
  • Santan Valley was cursed for many years with the now-discredited water utility known as Johnson Utilities
  • Utilities do have the right to earn a government-approved rate of return on their assets, but…” “Utilities
Summary: The committee heard a series of water, energy, housing, and environmental bills, with several measures amended before passage. House Bill 2099, as amended, would limit long-term storage credits and related CAP water storage during declared Colorado River shortages; water utilities, CAP, Phoenix, and other water interests raised concerns about flexibility, contracts, and the law of the river, while the sponsor said the bill was intended to address shortage conditions. The committee adopted the Griffin amendment and passed the bill 6-3. House Bill 2263, also amended, would restrict where Colorado River water diverted for replenishment in an AMA may be stored; CAP, tribal counsel, and AMWA opposed it as too restrictive and potentially excluding existing facilities, but the bill passed 6-3 after amendment. House Bill 2264, requiring the University of Arizona to promote Arizona history and the five Cs through the mining museum, passed unanimously. House Bill 2330 and House Bill 2341, both concerning certificates of environmental compatibility for energy projects, passed 6-3 after amendments expanding siting factors to include character of an area and known off-takers, respectively. House Bill 2918, which would end certain tax benefits for renewable energy and storage equipment after 2026, also passed 6-3. House Bill 2889, appropriating $1 million for uranium contamination monitoring and a statewide registry with tribal epidemiology partnerships, passed unanimously after discussion about moving the program to ADEQ and adjusting the reporting date. House Bill 2492, which would bar state and local urban growth boundaries that prevent new development, passed narrowly 4-3 with one present and two absent. House Bill 2782, focused on utility rate transparency and regulatory assets, passed 5-3 after a late amendment and a motion to suspend committee rules for amendment distribution. House Bill 4025, creating a study committee on gasoline and petroleum refineries, passed 6-3, and HCR 2057 supporting a geothermal permitting roadmap passed unanimously. HCR 2020, supporting housing developments outside designated service areas under certain groundwater conditions, passed 6-2. House Bill 4100, requiring notice to customers about potential water-rate increases if CAP water is lost, drew concerns about public confusion and negotiation impacts; testimony from municipal water users opposed the bill as too speculative and difficult to implement, and the transcript ends while that bill is still under discussion.
MO

Missouri 2026 Regular Session

Local Government Jan 14th, 2026 at 09:00 am

Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • In my opinion, for plumbers in the trades, there is too much local control, power, and inspection.
  • It's all about money, fees, and control of private property.
  • It's all about money, fees, and control of private property.
  • Actually, GovDelivery is who we would utilize.
  • It's a statewide platform that we utilize when we send out emails.
Keywords: 959, house, all
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

CPC Public Hearing - Tue Feb 24, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST

Consumer Protection & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:23:43.760> of most part when boards take control of most part when boards take control
  • I'm the utility analyst at the Utilities Commission.
  • > Utilities utility analyst at the Utilities utility analyst at the Utilities Commission.<01:26
  • Hawaii Island Utility Cooperative.
  • Uh, I think where PC and ourselves fall in is the relationship between the utility customer, utility,
Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 1697, which would exempt natural hair braiders from licensing requirements under certain conditions. The DCCA Board of Barbering and Cosmetology said it recognizes braiding as within the scope of cosmetology practice but warned that a broad exemption could create consumer protection gaps, especially around sanitation training, tool use, and enforcement. Supporters from the Institute for Justice and the Grassroots Institute of Hawaii argued the current licensing regime is overly burdensome and unrelated to braiding, citing the 1,250-hour training requirement, high tuition costs, barriers for low-income entrepreneurs, and the fact that many other states already exempt braiders. Committee members asked whether a standalone sanitation course or similar training could address the board’s concerns, and the board said it would bring that idea back for discussion. The committee also noted 16 written testimonies in support and 2 in opposition. The committee then took up HB 1678, relating to condominium and planned community association elections using cumulative voting. Supporters, including the Hawaii State Association of Parliamentarians, said the bill would clarify that cumulative voting applies to all candidates, including write-ins, and would help resolve confusion in association elections. One testifier urged the committee to remove proxy voting, calling it an abuse of power in some associations, while another asked whether cumulative voting and proxies could be manipulated to stack votes. In response, the parliamentarian explained that cumulative voting and proxy voting are different, that proxies simply allow someone to vote on another’s behalf, and that existing deadlines and counting procedures reduce opportunities for abuse. Testimony also emphasized that electronic or mail voting can be secure and efficient, and that the bill would make the process clearer and more democratic. Finally, the committee heard testimony on HB 1679, which would clarify an association board’s authority over electronic meetings, electronic voting, voting without a meeting, and mail voting without a meeting. Supporters said the measure would clean up statutory language, make electronic voting optional, and fix problems created by a 2024 change that made written-consent timing rules difficult to use for association actions. They also said the bill would clarify that proxies are only used at meetings, not for actions taken without a meeting. One opponent argued the bill needs further amendment because electronic voting is not well defined and could be abused, and questioned the neutrality of parliamentarians testifying on condominium bills. No votes were taken on any of the measures during the portion of the meeting provided.