Transcript Highlights:

• Please proceed. Thank you, sir. What what what? Would your bill impact the ability of uh ...
• Please<00:04:55.480> proceed.
• Please proceed. Thank you, sir. Please proceed. Thank you, sir.
• Please proceed.
• Please proceed. Thank you. Uh, Mr. Chair, I've known Dr.

Keywords: 958, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have it on the agenda, and it is assigned to our committee, and we will proceed with hearing it as
• So I would like to go ahead and proceed with... ...and it's duly noted.
• So I would like to go ahead and proceed with Representative Gurrola to present House Bill 280 at this
• All right, so we will proceed.
• And we will now proceed with those who wish to speak in favor.

Keywords: 996, all

Summary: The House Labor, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee met with a quorum and first addressed a point of order over whether HB 270 could be heard after being taken up earlier in the Transportation Committee. The chair ruled the bill could proceed because it was assigned to this committee and had been properly noticed. The committee then heard HB 280, which would create a three-year pilot program to support paid student internships through grants administered by the Department of Workforce Solutions. Supporters said the bill would help fund internships, mentoring, and transportation, and could improve workforce development, graduation outcomes, and pathways into apprenticeships or higher education. Members asked about administrative costs, student selection, rural and tribal access, payment mechanisms, and whether public entities, land grants, and dual credit could be included. The bill sponsor and witnesses said the program would likely serve about 100 students, use a sliding-scale matching model, and allow local flexibility in program design. The committee voted due pass on HB 280. The committee then heard House Memorial 46, honoring the Hurley family and especially Major General Patrick Hurley and his son Wilson Hurley for military service and artistic contributions in New Mexico. The memorial was presented as a tribute to a family of heroes, and members expressed support. The committee voted due pass on the memorial. Finally, the committee heard HB 270, which would amend the Public Works Apprentice and Training Act to require contributions to apprenticeship and training programs on most public works projects, including road and utility work, while exempting trades without approved programs. Sponsors said the bill would close loopholes, broaden participation, and strengthen the workforce pipeline. Opposition came from asphalt, contractor, and utility groups, which argued the bill would raise costs, duplicate existing training programs, and create access problems for nonunion and geographically distant contractors. Supporters from mechanical contractors, building trades, and labor groups said the bill would improve workforce development and keep training dollars in New Mexico. After debate over the earlier Transportation Committee action and the bill’s cost impacts, the committee voted due pass on HB 270 by a 5-3 roll call.

Transcript Highlights:

• Representative Whitaker, who is a member of the committee, and if you would introduce yourselves and proceed
• Um now I'll let the honorable Jackie Steele speak briefly about the bill. and proceed. and proceed.
• So that's correct. >> Right here. >> Um, and you may introduce yourselves and proceed. >> Thank you,
• So that's correct. >> Right here. >> Um, and you may introduce yourselves and proceed. >> Thank you,
• So that's correct. >> Right here. >> Um, and you may introduce yourselves and proceed. >> Thank you,

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The House Judiciary Committee met for its third meeting of the 2026 session and considered three bills. House Bill 50, relating to the removal of persons unlawfully occupying real property, was presented by Rep. Emily Callaway, who said it built on last session’s House Bill 10 addressing squatter-related criminal trespass and noted positive implementation feedback from law enforcement. The committee took no substantive testimony against the bill and passed it 16-0, reporting it favorably. House Bill 249, relating to involuntary commitment, was introduced by Rep. Mitch Whitaker and would expand current involuntary commitment provisions to include sexual abuse in the first degree. Whitaker and Commonwealth’s Attorney Jackie Steel argued the change was needed because some defendants charged with sexual offenses not currently covered could otherwise be released without treatment or supervision, creating a public safety risk. Rep. Burke passed on the vote to continue the conversation but said he expected to support it on the floor. The committee passed the bill 15-0 with one pass and reported it favorably. House Bill 305, relating to grand jury service, was presented by Rep. Candy Maserone and supported by Sheri Ballard, who described the impact of the Crystal Rogers case and said secretly recorded grand jury testimony had gone unaddressed because the statute of limitations was too short. The committee substitute extended the limitations period for secretly recorded grand jury testimony to 10 years, set a five-year period for unrecorded communications, and added discovery-related language. Jackie Steel supported the bill but asked for an exemption or clarification so prosecutors could perform grand jury duties without risking felony charges; members discussed secrecy, witness safety, and obstruction concerns. The committee adopted the substitute and passed HB 305 17-0, reporting it favorably as the Crystal Rogers Act.

Transcript Highlights:

• Please proceed.
• <00:15:20.240> Please<00:15:20.560> proceed.
• Please proceed. Senate >> Yes, I do. Please proceed. Senate resolution<00:15:23.600> four.
• President, please proceed. >> Mr.
• >> Please<00:32:28.080> proceed.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Kentucky Senate convened for the opening of the 2026 regular session with an invocation and pledge, then administered the oath of office to Senator-elect Gary Clemens of Jefferson 37. The chamber adopted Senate Resolution 1, establishing the 2026 Senate membership, and declared a quorum present with 36 members. The absent senators were excused, and the journal from March 28, 2025 was approved. The Senate then adopted Senate Resolution 2, which set the rules of procedure for the 2026 session. The rule changes included moving certain resolutions and announcements, removing the 12-member limit on standing committees, shifting administrative regulation jurisdiction, eliminating hard-copy posting and bill-printing requirements in favor of electronic versions, allowing same-day action on conference reports, striking COVID-era remote voting language, tightening floor privilege and lobbying access rules for the temporary chambers, and repealing vote-pairing language. Democratic leadership also reported a change in majority whip, naming the senator from Jefferson 19 after the former whip resigned. The clerk reported a large number of newly filed measures, including memorial resolutions, policy resolutions, and bills on topics such as safe room rebates, trauma center coverage, planning commission membership, paid maternity leave for state employees, veterans benefits, wages, CASA, podiatry, mushrooms, motor vehicle operation, schools, city government, music therapy, dual credit scholarships, geoengineering, educational discrimination, cremation, solid waste, motor vehicle commission, economic infrastructure, recovery residences, property transfer at death, oaths, and an Article V convention term-limits resolution. Senate Resolution 3, inviting Frankfurt-area pastors to open sessions with prayer, was adopted. Members also announced an ethics training for the next day and a reception for Senator Clemens. The Senate then adjourned until the next scheduled meeting date announced by the chair.

Transcript Highlights:

• All right, please proceed with your testimony. Thank you.
• Please proceed. All right.
• You may proceed. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, committee members.
• You may proceed with your testimony. Thank you, Chairman. Thank you, members.
• Mayor, please proceed with your testimony. Thank you for being here. You bet.

Bills: SB1757, SB1758, SB1898, SB2050

Keywords: rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, SB 1758, cement kiln, portland cement, aggregate production operation, aggregate quarry, semiconductor wafer manufacturing, chip fabrication, semiconductor plant, vibration, seismic disturbance, liability limitation, TCEQ

Transcript Highlights:

• Before we proceed, we will begin as a subcommittee.
• So we will proceed now with, you want to start with your bill? Okay.
• We will proceed now with item three, AB 699 by Assembly Member Stephanie.
• You may proceed with presenting item 4, AB 827. And you may begin when you're ready.
• Assembly member McKenna, you may proceed whenever you're ready. Well, wait. Thank you.

Summary: The Assembly Elections Committee met on April 30, 2025, beginning as a subcommittee until a quorum was established. The committee first approved six bills on consent, including AB 950, AB 953, AB 1214, and three committee bills. It then heard several measures dealing with election administration, ballot transparency, and campaign finance, with most authors accepting committee amendments and several bills being held on call for absent members. AB 930 by Assembly Member Ward would extend the deadline for counting timely postmarked vote-by-mail ballots from three to seven days after Election Day and update recount procedures, including online posting of recount results and clearer rules for recount requests. The bill was supported by county election officials and passed out of committee with a due-pass recommendation, though it was initially held on call. AB 459 by Assembly Member DeMaio proposed allowing electronic signatures for initiatives, referenda, and recalls; the Secretary of State and labor groups opposed it over security, implementation, and cost concerns, and the committee ultimately rejected the bill after reconsideration. AB 699 by Assembly Member Stephanie would change how local tiered tax and bond measures are described on ballots by allowing more detail to be placed in the voter guide; housing, school, and local government groups supported it, while taxpayer and realtor groups opposed it as reducing ballot transparency. AB 1188, presented on behalf of Assembly Member Ortega, would list the top three funders supporting and opposing statewide initiatives and referenda directly on the ballot; transparency advocates and labor supported it, while county election officials and business groups raised concerns about ballot length and processing costs. Both AB 699 and AB 1188 passed out of committee with amendments and were held on call. The committee also heard AB 827 by Assembly Member Berman, which would standardize and extend the deadline for curing vote-by-mail signature problems, add a link to cure forms in ballot-tracking notifications, and make other changes to improve ballot curing. It drew no opposition in the hearing and passed with a due-pass recommendation. AB 351 by Assembly Member McKenna would raise the Levine Act contribution threshold for local officials to $1,500 and add CPI adjustments; supporters said it would reduce administrative burdens and reflect modern campaign finance realities, while good-government groups and the League of Women Voters opposed it as weakening anti-corruption protections. The committee initially failed AB 351, then granted reconsideration, but the transcript ends before a final disposition is clearly completed. Finally, AB 1079 by Assembly Member Farías would eliminate the automatic appellate stay in California Voting Rights Act and Fair Maps Act cases; it was supported as a way to prevent delayed remedies in voting rights cases, opposed by the City of Santa Monica over impacts on ongoing litigation, and passed with amendments. After taking up the held items, the committee recorded final votes on the bills, including passage of AB 930, AB 699, AB 1188, AB 827, and AB 1079, and rejection of AB 459.

Transcript Highlights:

• If not, we'll proceed to testimony. The chair calls Richard Warren. Thank you for being here today.
• Thank you, you may proceed. Good morning. Mr.
• If there are no further questions, we will proceed to testimony. The chair calls Chase Norris.
• Proceed. Good morning, members of the committee. My name is Chase Norris, and I'm here to.
• Thank you, please proceed. Good morning, I'm Anne.

Bills: HB3146, HB3719, HB3895, HB3923, HB4748, HB4751, HB4936, HB4952, HB4990, HB4991, HB5061, HB5196, HB5238, HB5246, HB5487

Keywords: State Office of Administrative Hearings, SOAH, administrative hearings, contested case, contested case hearing, administrative law judge, ALJ, final decision, proposed decision, agency hearing, hearing continuance, rescheduling, Texas administrative law, Government Code Chapter 2001, workers' compensation, Department of Human Resources, Texas Labor Code, Transportation Code, Agriculture Code, Insurance Code

Transcript Highlights:

• Stevenson, we will move the DE1 amendment, adopt the secondary, and then adopt the DE1 as amended and proceed
• <00:05:02.120> amended<00:05:02.520> and<00:05:02.600> then<00:05:02.720> proceed
• <00:05:02.960> to the de1 as amended and then proceed to the de1 as amended and then proceed
• last bill, we will move the DE1 amendment, adopt the secondaries, adopt the DE1 as amended, and then proceed
• last bill, we will move the DE1 amendment, adopt the secondaries, adopt the DE1 as amended, and then proceed

Bills: HF1224, HF1615, HF2403

Keywords: foreclosure, mortgage postponement, homeowners, redemption period, Minnesota Statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, if no further questions, we'll proceed to public testimony Yvonne.
• And require municipalities submit service improvement plans before dis-annexation petitions proceed.
• Okay, if there's no further questions, we'll begin to proceed to public testimony.
• The bill ensures that installations can proceed without... without undue bureaucratic delays.
• questions we'll proceed to public testimony. I have a total of five witnesses. six.

Bills: HB602, HB1322, HB1930, HB2225, HB2304, HB2494, HB3275, HB3810, HB3919

Keywords: affordable housing, land use, zoning, urban planning, community development, housing crisis, mixed-use development, sustainability, municipal utility district, board of directors, qualifications, land ownership, Texas, taxation, residency, municipal approval, subdivision plans, local governance, plats, local government

Transcript Highlights:

• Sorry if I mispronounced your name and proceed with your testimony. No, you did a great job.
• You can approach the testifiers' table and introduce yourself for the record. for the record and proceed
• Whichever of the testifiers would like to go first, please introduce yourself and proceed.
• The next testifier may introduce herself and proceed. Thank you.
• Please introduce yourself and proceed with your testimony. Thank you all for being with us today.

Bills: HF1367, HF2732, HF1897, HF1424, HF1383, HF2728, HF2863, HF1685, HF2929

Keywords: child maltreatment, child abuse, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, sex trafficking, labor trafficking, human trafficking, child protection, local welfare agency, county social services, Minnesota Department of Human Services, judicial review, district court appeal, venue, out-of-state abuse, cross-border investigation, Minnesota child welfare, family assessment, maltreatment determination

Transcript Highlights:

• Proceed. Yeah. I've known Alex for over 20 years. She's an outstanding individual.
• <00:11:01.519> Proceed. right, I can do that. Yes. Proceed. right, I can do that. Yes.
• Proceed.
• Let's proceed then with making decisions. Thank you so much for making time, Vice Chair.
• Let's proceed then with making decisions. Thank you so much for making time, Vice Chair.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Committee on Water and Land heard two gubernatorial nominations and one resolution. Governor’s Message 585 nominated Stanley Ruidas to the Game Management Advisory Commission for a term ending June 30, 2028. DLNR supported the nomination, citing his prior service as GMAC chair from 2020 to 2022 and his work on hunting and wildlife management issues. Ruidas said he hoped to continue as chair and focus on bringing meetings to hunters across the islands and advancing island-specific wildlife management plans. The committee later recommended advice and consent on GM585, and the motion passed unanimously. Governor’s Message 550 nominated Alexandra Kelly Polo to the Legacy Land Conservation Commission for a term ending June 30, 2028. DLNR and several supporters, including the County of Hawaii and community advocates, praised her experience with land acquisition, conservation easements, and county open-space efforts. Kelly Polo said her work has helped protect thousands of acres on Hawaii Island and emphasized the importance of preserving natural resources and working with community groups. The committee recommended advice and consent on GM550, and the motion passed unanimously. The committee also considered SCR 19/SR 100, which requested DLNR to convene a Kīua Bay advisory working group. DLNR and the Hawaii Tourism Authority offered written support, and members said the working group could help address long-standing issues in the area. The committee recommended passage with technical and nonsubstantive amendments, and the motion was adopted unanimously. In a separate joint portion of the meeting, the committees also advanced SCR 75/SR 58, supporting historic preservation staffing for Lahaina rebuild efforts, with both technical and substantive amendments, and later advanced STR 24 with an amendment to include the 100th Infantry Battalion alongside the 442nd Regimental Combat Team.

Transcript Highlights:

• Yeah, please proceed. Thank you. My name is, my name is Reed Pillifont.
• Please proceed. Good morning. Good morning. Thank you, Madam Chairwoman, Mr.
• Please proceed. Thank you. I wanted to thank everyone for listening. To me today.
• Please proceed. Good morning. Good morning.
• Yes, Madam Chair, please proceed. Thank you.

Bills: HB 186

Keywords: public funds, lobbying activities, political subdivisions, government expenditure, transparency, local government, political subdivision, county, city, municipality, special district, taxpayer-funded lobbying, lobbying restriction, registered lobbyist, government association, county association dues, Texas Legislature, injunctive relief, attorney's fees, Chapter 556

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> Please proceed to the testifiers table. >> I. >> Well, whenever you're ready, starting with Director
• Faye, please restate your name for the record and proceed with your testimony.
• Amanda Faye, welcome to the committee, please proceed. >> Hello, Madam Chair and Education Policy Committee
• Please restate your name for the record and proceed with your testimony.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• You can proceed when you're ready. You can proceed when you're ready.
• Assemblymember Sharp Collins, whenever you're ready, you can proceed.
• Assemblymember Sharp Collins, whenever you're ready, you can proceed. Okay, AB 1433.

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Military and Veterans Affairs heard four bills after briefly opening as a subcommittee due to a lack of quorum. AB 571 by Assembly Member Quirk-Silva proposed a targeted CEQA exemption and urgency clause to help move forward the Southern California Veterans Cemetery at Gypsum Canyon in Anaheim. Supporters, including the Orange County Board of Supervisors, veterans organizations, and county veterans service officers, said the project has broad local backing, significant funding, and has been delayed for more than a decade; there was no opposition testimony. The committee later voted the bill out on a unanimous 8-0 vote to Appropriations. AB 1412 by Assembly Member Jeff Gonzalez would require school districts to implement a transferring special education student’s IEP within 30 days of receiving records from out of state, coordinate with parents and prior schools, and accept unofficial records pending validation. The author and a Department of Defense witness said military-connected children with special needs often face harmful delays when families move, while the Association of California School Administrators registered opposition and said it was working with the author on clarifying concerns. The bill passed 8-0 to Appropriations. AB 1433 by Assembly Member Sharp-Collins sought to expand eligibility for student support funding at non-credit centers and stand-alone community college institutions, especially those serving veterans and other non-traditional students. Support came from San Diego College of Continuing Education, Calbright College, the Department of Defense, and several students and staff who described non-credit programs as important pathways to jobs, certifications, and veteran transition support; there was no opposition. The committee approved the bill 8-0 to Appropriations. The consent item, AB 1346 by Assembly Member DeMaio, was also moved out on a unanimous vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• Please proceed. Thank you.
• <00:31:23.600> Please<00:31:23.919> proceed. I stand in opposition.
• Please proceed. I stand in opposition. Please proceed. Thank<00:31:24.960> you.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Please proceed. Thank you.
• All right, please proceed. All right. Thank you so much.
• Please proceed. Good morning again.
• Please proceed. All right. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman and committee members.

Bills: HB279, HB310, HB365, HB391, HB420, HB422, HB638, HB279, HB310

Keywords: HB 279, uranium mining, uranium permit, production area authorization, production zone, Texas Water Code, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, contested case hearing, administrative hearing, groundwater restoration, groundwater baseline, water quality, mining permit, restoration values, natural resources, environmental regulation, in-situ uranium mining, permit amendment, public hearing

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, with that, uh, let's proceed with the agenda.
• Go ahead and proceed. Good morning, Chair and members. Uh, my name is Sunshine Stanni.
• All right, you may proceed. Good morning. A Little nervous. First time doing this.
• You may proceed.

Bills: HB318, HB198

Keywords: ERCOT, interconnection, electric utilities, power grid, transmission, election administration, school board elections, trustee terms, general election, Education Code

Transcript Highlights:

• but for the record would you please make sure your light is illuminated, introduce yourself, and proceed
• c><00:05:21.080> and illuminated introduce yourself and illuminated introduce yourself and proceed
• 22.479> topic<00:05:22.800> you're<00:05:23.039> here<00:05:23.199> to proceed
• with the topic you're here to proceed with the topic you're here to share<00:05:24.039> with<

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00 Roll Call 01:21 HB 552 Discussion 04:54 HB 552 Vote 07:12, 958, all

Summary: The House Standing Committee on Tourism and Outdoor Recreation held its first meeting of the 2025 session, welcomed new members and Vice Chair Susan Tyler Whitten, reviewed committee procedures, and introduced staff. Members also introduced several guests, including family members, interns, and visitors from Kenton County. The chair noted there were no minutes to approve because it was the first meeting. The committee then heard House Bill 552 from Judge Executive John Sims of Falmouth County, who said the bill is a joint effort supported by KLC and the County Judge/Executive Association. He explained that the measure makes minor wording changes, replacing references to “jurisdiction” with “county or city” and changing “chairman” to “chair,” with the goal of ensuring smaller communities retain representation on local tourist commissions. Chair King added that the bill would allow a mayor or judge executive to appoint a county resident to a tourism board even when the tax district or business ownership crosses city-county lines. After brief discussion and no further questions, the committee voted on the bill. The vote was overwhelmingly in favor, with members present voting yes and Representative Whitaker explaining his support by saying tourism is a team effort in the counties. House Bill 552 passed out of committee and was sent to the House floor for further consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• concerns to the author and the Governor's office, just noting the unique nature of the hazard insurance proceeds
• damage because lenders have a security interest until the loan is repaid in making sure that the loan proceeds
• are used to restore the property. ...making sure that the loan proceeds are used to restore the property

Summary: The Assembly Banking and Finance Committee met to hear its only agenda item, AB 493 by Assemblymember Harabedian, which would require lenders to pay interest to homeowners on post-loss insurance payouts held in escrow. The author said current law already pays interest on some escrowed funds, but excludes insurance proceeds after a loss; he argued the bill would help wildfire survivors and other homeowners rebuilding after major property damage. He noted amendments clarifying that the bill applies only to loans and only to insurance payouts still held in escrow on or after the bill’s effective date. Support came from the Consumer Federation of California, whose representative said the measure closes a loophole and would provide modest but meaningful help to homeowners facing long rebuild timelines. The California Bankers Association did not oppose the bill but raised concerns about aligning it with existing mortgage servicing law and the treatment of hazard insurance proceeds, saying it wanted to work with the author on technical issues. Committee members expressed support, emphasizing the need to help displaced homeowners access funds more quickly. The committee voted unanimously to pass AB 493 and refer it to the Assembly Committee on Appropriations. The roll call showed the bill receiving eight votes, and the committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Then we will proceed to public testimony. Thank you.
• Proceed to the School Land Board. The chair is going to call Jennifer Jones.
• Okay, if there's no questions, we will proceed to public testimony. And we have none.
• Okay, if there are no further questions, we proceed to public testimony.
• We're going to now proceed to public testimony. We have a total of 13.

Summary: The committee heard testimony first from the Texas General Land Office and School Land Board. GLO officials described the agency’s role in managing more than 13 million acres of state lands and mineral interests for the Permanent School Fund, overseeing the Alamo, coastal programs, veterans’ services, and federal disaster recovery. They said the agency has generated about $6 billion for the Permanent School Fund since Commissioner Buckingham took office, and that its disaster recovery portfolio is about $14 billion across multiple events, with more than 22,000 housing units rebuilt or reconstructed since Hurricane Harvey. Members asked about land purchases such as Brewster Ranch, rare earth mineral leasing, SpaceX-related beach access, and whether the lands are public access lands; GLO staff said the holdings are managed to maximize revenue for education, that most land is leased rather than open to public access, and that they are coordinating on coastal access and compliance. On the School Land Board, members sought clarification on the difference between GLO-managed lands and the Permanent School Fund Corporation’s investment role, and staff explained that GLO generates the revenue while the separate corporation invests it. No votes or formal actions were taken. The Board for Lease of University Lands then testified. University Lands officials explained that they steward 2.1 million acres of surface and mineral interests in West Texas for the Permanent University Fund, which supports UT and Texas A&M institutions. They said a 2025 lease sale produced about $50 million in bonus revenue from 28,000 acres, and described the Board for Lease’s role in approving lease forms, lease sales, and development agreements. Members asked about the size and use of the PUF, how distributions work through UTIMCO, whether PUF money can be used for athletics, and how the land is managed; the witness said the fund is a constitutional endowment, the land is largely leased rather than sold, and distributions are generally used for buildings, labs, and other permanent structures, with some institutions also using a portion for operations. No votes or formal actions were taken. The committee then took up municipal utility districts. Testimony from a law firm, the Texas Municipal League, Fort Bend County Commissioner Vincent Morales, and Johnson Development largely supported MUDs as a financing tool for infrastructure tied to growth. Witnesses said MUDs help fund water, sewer, drainage, roads, parks, and related infrastructure, allowing development to proceed without shifting costs to existing taxpayers and helping keep housing affordable. They emphasized that MUDs are created with disclosure to homebuyers, are subject to the Open Meetings Act and Public Information Act, and are overseen by TCEQ for bond issuance and related financial stress tests. Members questioned whether MUDs are taxing entities, whether they can be created inside city limits or ETJs, how much control cities and counties retain, and whether MUDs are becoming permanent local governments; witnesses acknowledged they levy taxes and debt, can exist within city limits with city consent, and often function as long-term local entities. The committee did not take any formal action during the hearing.