Video & Transcript : 'disclosure statement' :

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CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary Committee Mar 24th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • yes, we need to make the specific references in each of the acts and not simply rely on the single statement
  • yes, we need to make the specific references in each of the acts and not simply rely on the single statement
  • It should be required that they provide those types of disclosures.
Summary: The Senate Judiciary Committee met to hear several bills, with the main discussion focused on SB 1159 by Senator Cabaldon and SB 932 by Senator Dato. SB 1159 would allow public agencies to treat AI-generated or bot-generated participation differently from human public comment and public records activity, in response to concerns that automated systems can flood local governments with fake comments and requests. Supporters, including Sierra Club California, the League of California Cities, county and city associations, and local officials, said the bill would protect genuine public participation and reduce burdens on clerks and agencies. Committee members raised questions about how agencies would detect AI-generated submissions, what enforcement would look like, and whether the bill could create First Amendment or liability issues if real human comments were mistakenly excluded. The author said the bill was intended to clarify that agencies are not required to treat bots as people and that detection standards and safeguards would need further work.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary Committee Mar 24th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • yes, we need to make the specific references in each of the acts and not simply rely on the single statement
  • need to make the specific references in each of the acts and not simply rely on the on the single statement
  • It should be required that they provide those types of disclosures.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs (02/05/2025)

Health, Human Services & Elderly Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c><01:14:41.320><c> that</c> answer it one of the statements that answer it one of the statements that
  • </c> act that requires lead paint disclosures act that requires lead paint disclosures for<03:44:57.680
  • Representative Sebert: Yeah, um, I just — well, I was kind of a statement.
  • Yeah, um, I just — well, I was kind of a statement.
  • Um, that the disclosure of lead in property? Oh, I'm not sure exactly, but at least 20 years.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session May 8th, 2025 at 10:05 am

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • But as I started my statement, I will end my statement with this: accountability is not removed from
  • No, that's an incorrect statement.
  • So your statement said if they're here on a visa, right?
  • I wanted to ask you about a statement.
  • So your statement is saying that there were 6,500 persons that were not..."
Summary: The House convened with a quorum, received the invocation and pledges, and heard several announcements and recognitions before moving into floor action. Members honored the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley chess team for winning a share of the 2025 President’s Cup, recognized educator Jessica Lopez, and paid memorial tribute to Jennifer Maddenly, along with recognitions for Jeanette Valdez Duran’s food pantry work, TAMACC’s 50th anniversary, and Bernardine Steptoe’s retirement from WFAA. The House also granted permission for committees to meet while the House was in session, set a local consent calendar, and suspended posting rules for a Public Health Committee hearing on SB 2721. The chamber then considered a long series of Senate and House bills, with many passing on record votes. Measures addressed local law enforcement authority (SB 906), veterans highway designation (SB 1229), foster care medical billing (SB 855), massage therapy trafficking safeguards (SB 703), tax ballot language (SB 1025), occupational licensing for people with convictions (SB 1080), lien deadlines (SB 929), liquor sales complaints (SB 1355), higher education application fee waivers (SB 2231), utility data access (SB 1877), pediatric preceptorships (SB 1998), and several House bills on bond forfeiture notice, health workforce coordination, indigent civil commitment representation, consumer transaction cancellations, bird dispersal rules, theft venue for digital property, military grant applications, AI cancer-detection grants, cybersecurity contract language, in-state tuition for military-related programs, utility capital recovery, energy waste advisory oversight, gas utility rate recovery, psychedelic therapy study, teacher retirement funding transparency, pension changes, tax payment plans, and voter registration security. Some measures drew notable debate or amendments, including HB 5247, where a ratepayer-credit amendment failed, and HB 2298, HB 4014, HB 510, HB 561, HB 1128, HB 1904, HB 30, HB 200, HB 3045, and HB 5111, which all passed after recorded votes with varying margins. A major point of contention was SB 2420, the app store age-verification bill, which prompted extended debate over whether the bill should also require app developers to verify users’ ages. Representative Bryant offered an amendment to preserve developer verification obligations, arguing the bill would otherwise shift responsibility away from app makers; the author opposed it, saying the bill’s approach was more workable and raised concerns about First Amendment issues. Multiple points of order were raised and withdrawn during the debate, and the amendment discussion remained unresolved in the excerpt. The House also postponed further consideration of SB 17, SB 552, and SB 2420 at different points, and recessed for lunch after completing a large block of third-reading votes.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

JHA Public Hearing - Wed Feb 25, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST

Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Sarah Lynn Lopez, one more statement? >> Yes, please. life without pearl. life without pearl.
  • </c> &gt;&gt; one more statement. Yes, please. &gt;&gt; one more statement. Yes, please.
  • ><03:25:08.960><c> threats</c><03:25:09.279><c> to</c> these disclosures or the threats to these disclosures
  • </c><03:28:16.319><c> So</c> her with that um, public disclosure.
  • So her with that um, public disclosure.
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The House Committee on Judiciary and Hawaiian Affairs heard testimony on two immigration-enforcement bills: HB 1886 HD1 and HB 2540 HD1. HB 1886 would limit state and federal collaboration in immigration enforcement, require visible identification and restrictions on facial coverings for law enforcement officers, and create offenses for improper masking, lack of identification, and unauthorized civil immigration interrogation, arrest, or detention. HB 2540 would also limit state and federal collaboration, require law enforcement agencies to adopt and publicly post written civil immigration enforcement policies, prohibit stops or arrests based solely on immigration status, and restrict state and county participation in civil immigration enforcement in certain places. Most testimony supported both measures. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Office of the Public Defender, the ACLU of Hawaii, the Hawaii Coalition for Immigrant Rights, the Legal Clinic, and several private individuals said the bills would increase transparency, accountability, and community trust, and would help protect constitutional rights and reduce fear among immigrants and other community members. Several testifiers emphasized Hawaii’s history and the need to keep local law enforcement separate from federal immigration enforcement, while others said the bills would help people feel safer going to court, school, work, or public protests. A retired police officer also supported visible identification and uniform standards for officers, including federal agents operating in Hawaii. A few testifiers opposed the use of masked or unidentified officers and argued that local police should not be diverted from ordinary public safety duties to immigration enforcement. One ACLU witness noted that the federal government has increasingly used local and state agencies to expand immigration enforcement, and said the task-force provisions in the bills are important to prevent blurred lines between agencies. The committee did not take a final vote in the portion of the meeting provided, but it recorded very large numbers of supportive testimonies for both bills, with only a small number in opposition.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on the Judiciary Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on the Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • The second bill I can testify to in support of is Senate 1210, an act concerning the disclosure of home
  • The appeals court reversed, saying, well, this source wasn't used for the statements you're suing in
  • While we—some of these examples are devoid of reality, you know, the statements are devoid of reality
  • I’ve submitted a longer written statement, so I’ll just note two very serious issues briefly here.
  • I’ve submitted a longer written statement, so I’ll just note two very serious issues briefly here.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee opened with procedural guidance for a very large hearing, explaining testimony limits, written testimony procedures, and rules for maintaining order. Members then heard testimony on a wide range of bills, including proposals to define antisemitism using the IHRA definition, regulate facial recognition technology, restrict weaponized robotics and drone use, expand protections for journalists’ confidential sources, address access to decedents’ email accounts, and create or adjust rules around municipal enforcement and animal cruelty fines. Several sponsors and advocates asked for favorable reports, and committee members asked clarifying questions on implementation, costs, and how the bills would interact with existing law. On facial recognition, sponsors and advocates described the technology as a threat to privacy, due process, and civil liberties, and urged adoption of the Special Commission’s recommendations, including warrant requirements, notice to defendants, and limits on untargeted surveillance. Support came from legislators, the ACLU, CDT, EFF, and a UMass professor, while committee members asked about current state law and municipal bans. On robotics, Senator Moore and industry witnesses from MassRobotics, Boston Dynamics, and AUVSI supported a bill prohibiting weaponized robots and requiring warrants for certain law enforcement uses, describing it as a public-safety and trust-building measure. On the shield law bill, newspaper publishers, journalists, NEFAC, and the Reporters Committee argued Massachusetts needs statutory protection for confidential sources, citing costly subpoenas and chilling effects on reporting. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to expand the right of publicity to cover image and voice, with SAG-AFTRA members supporting protections against AI-driven exploitation and some discussion about viral content and consent. Another bill would allow limited access to a decedent’s email accounts, with one witness describing a family’s inability to use a deceased relative’s email to notify friends. The committee then took testimony on psilocybin-related bills: supporters described medical and personal benefits and argued for narrow decriminalization or study, while an opponent warned of public-health risks, impaired driving, and youth exposure; the Massachusetts Psychiatric Society supported limited, safety-based decriminalization. Finally, the committee heard strong support for a “safe reporting” bill for sex workers and trafficking survivors, with advocates saying immunity would encourage victims and witnesses to report crimes without fear of arrest, and members raised questions about how the immunity would work in practice.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary (03/10/2026)

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • The current regime in New Hampshire under the current form requires disclosure of information that has
  • under the the current<00:28:27.600><c> form</c><00:28:28.399><c> requires</c><00:28:28.960><c> disclosure
  • </c><00:28:29.520><c> of</c> current form requires disclosure of current form requires disclosure of
  • The witness said the 2009 form does not have the statement on top that says an incomplete application
  • on top of it does not have the statement on top of it which<00:32:03.279><c> says</c><00:32:03.440><
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Finance May 13th, 2026

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Please be aware that your personal information you give on this card is subject to public disclosure.
  • On your bill, 311, I just want to make a statement on the record.
  • And I'll, I mean, full disclosure, I think what we charge for transcripts, and I think the way that we
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Finance May 11th, 2026

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Please be aware that any personal information you give on this card may be subject to public disclosure
  • Please be aware that any personal information you give on this card may be subject to public disclosure
  • I'm sure you could come up with some crafty statements, but the proofs are in the reimbursements that
VA

Virginia 2026 Regular Session

March 05, 2026 - Regular Session

Virginia House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • of Virginia relating to the State and Local Government Conflict of Interests Act and electronic disclosure
  • Senate Bill 530 requires local government officers and employees to file annual disclosure statements
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session Apr 8th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • First, I'd like to read into the record for inclusion a journal statement to remind the body of the house
  • trauma and the abuse through a civil lawsuit, which, while settled, included a... restrictive non-disclosure
  • Disclosure Agreement, prohibiting her from ever being able to speak out about her abuse that allegedly
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • Would you believe that they have issued public statements to satisfy and assure their members, their
Summary: The House met in session with prayer, the Pledge, and several recognitions, including Veteran of the Week Jake Searock, Doctor of the Day Dr. Nicole Bowden, Psychologist of the Day Dr. Amy Cherry, Nurse of the Day Eileen Cooper Grubbs, and a presentation for Developmental Disabilities Awareness Day. Members also welcomed student and community guests in the galleries. The chamber then moved through a long calendar of House bills, with most measures advancing on unanimous consent or broad bipartisan votes. Among the major bills discussed, lawmakers passed measures on county jail medication reimbursement (HB 2059), a sales tax exemption for LifeShare (HB 3920), ratepayer protections for large data centers and crypto mining facilities (HB 2992), a felony offense for breaking and entering an occupied dwelling without intent to commit another crime (HB 3267), PBM access protections for specialty pharmacy patients (HB 4457), adjunct teacher guardrails in K-4 tested subjects (HB 4427), malpractice coverage for state-employed nurse practitioners and physician assistants (HB 4430), and several higher education, water, and state government cleanup bills. The House also approved bills addressing the 988 mental health lifeline, juvenile oversight disclosures, school support employee tracking, a federal education tax credit opt-in, firearms education curriculum development, AI personhood restrictions, child safety reviews related to fentanyl, and expungement relief for trafficking victims. Debate centered most heavily on HB 2992, where supporters argued data centers should pay their share of infrastructure costs so residential and other ratepayers are not burdened, while some members questioned why the bill singled out data centers instead of all large-load users. HB 3267 drew questions about how the new offense would affect people with cognitive impairments, and HB 3312, the firearms education bill, prompted concerns about who would teach the curriculum. HB 3546 on artificial intelligence personhood also generated discussion about accountability and future regulation. Several bills were amended on the floor, including HB 492, HB 4302, and HB 4105. The House recorded numerous final passage votes, with many bills passing overwhelmingly and some by narrower margins, including HB 3800, HB 4333, HB 3704, HB 4159, and HB 3619. Emergency clauses were adopted on some measures, including HB 4427 and HB 3312, while others were passed without emergency action. The chamber also reconsidered and then passed HB 1979 after a motion to reconsider a prior failure.
AL

Alabama 2026 Regular Session

Alabama Senate Judiciary Committee Mar 11th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • If he makes a statement that he has not talked to any of these people or had dialogue with them, I can
  • So, um, Senator STS, I'll turn it back over to you if you want to just have a closing statement, then
  • It just, I think that, and I want to say this only because of the statement you made, J.
  • </c><00:33:18.960><c> I</c> because of the statement you made, J.
  • I because of the statement you made, J.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

House and Governmental Affairs Mar 24th, 2026

House and Governmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • There is still a disclosure requirement attached to this, so the superintendent or the school board member
  • So that disclosure is the attempt to, I guess, alleviate some concerns about insider, you know, using
  • the gentleman referred to the fact that he'd been formally subpoenaed to be here, and he made a statement
  • Yeah, now look, it was added legally, so we did all the disclosures. No, no, no. No, no.
  • I think that's a fair statement. Yeah. Yeah.
Summary: The committee took up several House bills dealing mainly with ethics, elections, and legislative procedure. HB 858 by Rep. Riser, creating a public records exception for GPS data on wildlife and aquatic life held by the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, was reported favorably without objection. HB 661, which expands existing nepotism exceptions to allow school board members and superintendents to hire immediate family members as paraprofessionals and janitors, drew support from members concerned about staffing shortages in schools; the Ethics Administrator noted the board’s concern that repeated exceptions erode the nepotism rules, but the bill was still reported favorably without objection. HB 359, a cleanup bill on the death of a non-major-party primary candidate, was also reported favorably without objection. HB 258, which clarifies that volunteer firefighters are not subject to dual office-holding restrictions and allows retired judges to serve on certain boards while still being available for ad hoc judicial service, passed on an 8-4 roll call vote. Rep. Newell’s HB 705, which would strengthen contempt of the legislature penalties and add provisions addressing disorderly conduct and interference with legislative proceedings, generated the most debate. Members raised concerns about the proposed jump in fines from $1,000 to $50,000, due process, and the breadth of language that could be read to cover ordinary advocacy or passionate testimony. After discussion, the author agreed the bill needed more work, and it was voluntarily deferred in committee. The committee also heard HB 177, allowing retired court reporters to return on a contractual basis to address shortages, which was amended and then reported favorably without objection. HB 238, which would remove a waiting period and population-based restriction for former school board members or certified psychologists to return to work in school districts, prompted a lengthy debate about the judiciary and per diem rules because of related ethics concerns raised in the discussion; the author ultimately asked to voluntarily defer the bill, and the committee agreed. Finally, HB 398, which would cap lodging, meal, and incidental expense reimbursements for state officials and employees at GSA rates and limit emergency exceptions, drew sharp opposition from several members and a retired judge who argued the current judicial per diem is reasonable and tied to safety and travel needs. The author said he would work on amendments and voluntarily deferred HB 398. The committee then began discussion of HB 752, which would move the timing of regular legislative sessions into joint rule and change the session start/end dates, with the author explaining it was intended to give the Legislature more flexibility without needing constitutional amendments.
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

Senate in Session Mar 12th, 2026

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • residence address: current utility bill, something that can be printed off of a printer from home, bank statement
  • IDs that show a picture and a signature, but in some cases, we’re accepting a utility bill, a bank statement
  • deleting the current statutory language that requires Form 10 be filed with individuals' financial disclosures
  • Historically, financial disclosure filers would choose to report income and assets based on either a
  • During the implementation of the electronic filing, the filing disclosures and the option to report based
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a series of recognitions for interns, staff, and guests. Members also honored retiring Senate staffer Susan Miller and recognized a veteran injured in combat. After routine announcements, the chamber moved to returning messages from the House and began taking up bills and amendments. The Senate concurred in House amendments and passed SB 118 on RV park assessments and SB 572 on ethics for public officers and employees, both by 38-0 votes. It then took up the elections bill, CS/CS/HB 991, which drew extensive debate. Supporters said it would strengthen election integrity by tightening citizenship verification and ID rules; opponents argued it would burden eligible voters, especially students, seniors, disabled voters, and others without the newly required documents. The bill passed 27-12. The chamber also passed the education package SB 182 after adopting a Senate amendment to the House amendment, and approved SB 474 on military affairs, SB 425 on historic cemeteries, HB 929 on local regulation of chickees, and HB 35/SB 1370 on habitual traffic offender designation, all with unanimous or near-unanimous votes. The Senate then considered SB 902/ HB 733, the Department of Health package. Members adopted an amendment and amendment-to-amendment that preserved most Senate provisions while modifying or removing several House additions, including some early steps and medical marijuana-related changes, and the bill passed 37-0. The chamber also began work on HB 905, the foreign influence bill, with a strike-all amendment offered to expand restrictions on foreign influence, sister-city agreements, linkage institutes, and related activities, but the debate on that measure was still underway when the transcript ended. Several other returning messages and bills were temporarily postponed, and the Senate recessed briefly before resuming business.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Mar 12th, 2026

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • residence address—current utility bill, something that can be printed off of a printer from home, bank statement
  • IDs that show a picture and a signature, but in some cases we're accepting a utility bill, a bank statement
  • deleting the current statutory language that requires Form 10 be filed with individuals' financial disclosures
  • Historically, financial disclosure filers would choose to report income and assets based on either a
  • During the implementation of electronic filing, the filing disclosures and the option to report based
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure

Transcript Highlights:
  • I have written testimony I will be submitting after this verbal statement.
  • That is simply not a true statement. As a pediatrician, I can tell you it is not true.
  • By mandating the disclosure of toxic chemicals in children's products, this bill empowers families to
  • The two-step process makes sense: required disclosure and ban the worst chemicals from children's products
  • I've experienced, in the green building field, leveraging the power of disclosure to improve building
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The hearing of the Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure opened with logistical remarks about testimony procedures, time limits, accessibility supports, and the large number of witnesses. The first bill discussed was H. 451, which would allow professional license applicants who do not have a Social Security number to use an ITIN instead. Supporters said the bill would help qualified workers, especially immigrants, enter licensed trades and professions without lowering training or testing standards, while addressing workforce shortages. Committee members asked a few questions, and the bill was framed as a uniform statewide licensing reform. The bulk of the hearing focused on S. 210 and H. 1278, two bills aimed at improving wheelchair repair and warranty protections. Supporters included the Attorney General’s Office, disability advocates, wheelchair users, clinicians, and legislators, who described long repair delays, missed work and medical appointments, loss of independence, hospitalizations, pressure injuries, and other harms caused by broken wheelchairs and slow service. They argued for stronger timelines, two-year warranties, required parts availability, loaner chairs, and enforcement mechanisms, with H. 1278 modeled on a Connecticut-style repair deadline and S. 210 focused on warranty protections. Several witnesses emphasized that wheelchairs are essential medical equipment, not ordinary consumer goods. Opposition came from NCart, which said it supports solutions but raised concerns that the bills, as written, could be difficult to implement for complex rehab technology. NCart said some warranty provisions may not fit wear-and-tear components and noted that MassHealth has already taken steps such as preventive maintenance, reduced prior authorization, and transportation support. Other witnesses and advocates countered that the current market is dominated by a few profitable companies and that the legislature needs to impose clear standards because voluntary fixes have not worked. The committee also heard testimony on S. 195, a toxic-free kids bill from Senator Comerford and Representative Hawkins, which would restrict PFAS and other toxic chemicals in children’s products and create disclosure and phase-out requirements. No votes were taken during the hearing.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • . >> If I could go before you start, I want to have full disclosure here that the funding is coming from
  • </c><00:03:33.800><c> here</c><00:03:34.040><c> that</c> to have full disclosure here that to have full
  • disclosure here that the<00:03:35.040><c> funding</c><00:03:35.400><c> is</c><00:03:35.560><c> coming
  • So, I just want to make the statement.
  • So, I just want to make the statement.
Keywords: 1183, house
Summary: House File 4738 was laid over for possible inclusion in the 2026 tax bill. Representative Keeler presented the bill as a funding source for Minnesota’s Safe Harbor program, arguing that trafficking and sexual exploitation are statewide problems and that current shelter and housing resources are insufficient. She and several supporters emphasized that the program serves youth across greater Minnesota, not just the metro, and that state and federal funding pressures make additional support necessary. Testifiers from Place Called Home/Life House, The Link, the City of Minneapolis, and a survivor all described the impact of Safe Harbor and related shelter programs. They cited data on youth served, bed nights, mental health services, and high unmet need, including waitlists and youth turned away because programs are full. Testimony stressed that stable housing and trauma-informed services help survivors recover and move toward education, employment, and family stability. One committee member, Representative Davis, objected to the proposed funding source, saying he would not support taking money from women’s sports scholarships and urging a different source. The bill’s tax mechanism was described as ending the sales tax exemption for preferred seating, suite licenses, and related amenities at athletic and entertainment events. Alec Williams of We Make Minnesota supported the proposal as a fair way to raise revenue from high-end discretionary purchases for a public purpose. Committee discussion also focused on the size of the revenue estimate and the breakdown of the impact, with nonpartisan staff saying roughly 85% would come from suite licenses, 10% from collegiate seating, and 5% from amenities. Representative Smith and others framed the issue as both a tax and moral question, and the chair moved the bill to be laid over.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • I'd like to hear it face-to-face in an in-person conversation and full disclosure.
  • A non-disclosure agreement. They've been wrangled into it, and they need to talk to somebody.
  • It depends on what the non-disclosure agreement might say.
  • This information has been kept quiet with non-disclosure agreements.
  • I live... ...been kept quiet with non-disclosure agreements.
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The Energy Development and Transmission Committee met in interim session and approved the November 6 minutes. Chair Novak outlined the committee’s study agenda, including large energy users such as data centers, geothermal, landowner relations, wind and solar, and other energy topics across the state. The meeting was framed as informational only, with no bills or formal legislative action taken beyond the minutes approval. Testimony focused first on landowner relations. Oliver County Commissioner Dave Berger described the county’s energy history and local support for coal and related development. North Dakota Farmers Union President Matt Perdue emphasized proactive, face-to-face communication with landowners, respect for property rights, and the need for developers to be transparent about tradeoffs; he also discussed insurance and liability concerns tied to easements. Committee members asked about eminent domain, local versus state authority, and how communities can better understand the revenue and infrastructure implications of energy development. Department of Agriculture Deputy Commissioner Tom Bodine then described the department’s ombudsman programs for pipeline restoration and reclamation, wind restoration, and royalty oversight. He said the programs provide confidential, third-party assistance on reclamation and royalty disputes, but do not provide legal advice. Senators raised concerns about post-production deductions in royalty leases and whether the ombudsman can explain them; Bodine said the program can clarify statements and deductions but cannot resolve legal disputes. He also said the department has not received requests related to fiber lines. Representatives from Grid United and One Oak described their project development and landowner engagement practices. Grid United’s Brent Johnson discussed the North Plains Connector transmission project, its route selection process, voluntary acquisition approach, and efforts to avoid eminent domain by working closely with regulators, counties, townships, and landowners. One Oak’s Danette Welsh and Tom Giltner described the company’s midstream operations, extensive North Dakota footprint, and emphasis on direct landowner communication, consistent local regulation, careful construction practices, and post-construction reclamation. Members asked about setbacks, zoning consistency, invasive species prevention, outside advocacy groups, and eminent domain use; One Oak said it has not used eminent domain on its North Dakota projects, largely because most gathering lines are negotiated easements.