Video & Transcript Research : 'nonpoint source pollution'

Page 93 of 417
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • from October 1 to April 15 every year, and added the requirement for a six-year outline and funding sources
  • ><00:02:44.200> and<00:02:44.720> and<00:02:44.959> funding<00:02:45.280> sources
  • I would ask for financial source of fund types, if you're already going to be asking for kind of a how
  • much question, and you might just add to that where from, you know, the funding source.
  • <00:16:00.079> something<00:16:00.399> in and their funding source something in and
Summary: The Investments in IT Improvements and Modernization Projects Oversight Board met for its first meeting, approved the minutes from November 13, 2024, and then discussed BR 355, a bill draft intended to revise and clarify the board’s governing statute based on its first year of experience. The draft would rename the body as the Information Technology Oversight Committee, add or refine definitions for cybersecurity projects/systems and legacy projects/systems, move the annual submission deadline earlier, and require a six-year outline and funding-source information for transition planning. Members and staff said the bill was largely a codification of current practice, with no major controversy. State Budget Director John Hicks and CIO Jim Baird offered technical comments and suggested several drafting changes: using “system” instead of “project” for legacy and cybersecurity references, adjusting the first reporting deadline to give agencies more time if the bill becomes law in March, and clarifying that the statute should ask agencies for estimated expenditures and funding sources rather than implying an electronic link to the budget request. They also suggested that the linkage to the budget process could be handled through budget instructions rather than statute. Members discussed whether the six-year outline should be biennial and agreed that the April timing fit the capital planning process. After the discussion, the board agreed in principle to revise the draft along those lines, including changing the terminology, making the six-year outline biennial, and refining the budget-related language. The board also discussed future meeting dates and agreed to meet on Fridays upon adjournment, with February and March meetings to be scheduled later. The meeting ended with a motion and second to adjourn, which passed.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House energy committee approves HF75 2/18/25

Transcript Highlights:
  • this case a baseload source of power.
  • Well, I would suggest that really there's no perfect source of any source of electric generation.
  • of power, in this case a baseload source of power.
  • He responds that there is no perfect source of electric generation, that all sources have positives and
  • Representative Anderson says there is no perfect source of electric generation.
Keywords: 1183, house
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • of the special fund based on its source of the special fund based on its source of<00:31:25.360>
  • establish a system to track the source establish a system to track the source of<00:31:41.000>
  • source source for<00:51:27.640> our<00:51:27.760> Arts<00:51:28.040> Community<
  • We're doing research on other funding sources.
  • <01:38:54.639> of does seem to be the primary source of does seem to be the primary source
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint committees first heard House Bill 229, which would establish a statewide speed restriction for motor vehicles under certain circumstances. Testimony on the bill was limited and came in support from the City and County of Honolulu’s transportation services, the Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. No one testified in opposition, and there were no questions. The committees then took up House Bill 860, which would grant immunity from liability to the state or counties when they repair or maintain a street whose ownership or jurisdiction is disputed between them. The Department of Transportation and the Department of Land and Natural Resources submitted written testimony, and the Hawaii State Association of Counties, Maui County Council Chair Alice Lee, Hawaii County Council member Heather Kimble, and the Iolani Homestead Community Association for Justice testified in support. The Ho Association for Justice opposed the bill, arguing the immunity was too broad and that the issue had already been addressed by prior legislation. In discussion, members raised concerns about liability and asked whether a different approach, such as extending the 2017 law transferring Oahu roads in limbo to the counties, would be acceptable; county representatives said that path could be considered if immunity were removed. House Bill 1161, which would authorize counties to use a road usage charge mechanism similar to the state’s, drew support from the Department of Transportation, the Energy Office, the Hawaii State Association of Counties, several county and city offices, and the Oahu Metropolitan Planning Organization. Rental car companies and industry groups supported the concept but asked for amendments, including a flat fee instead of a per-mile charge, relief for plug-in hybrid vehicles, and a delayed implementation date. The Tax Foundation of Hawaii also supported relief for hybrids. Members questioned the rental car representatives about the flat-fee proposal, and they said a per-mile charge would be difficult to calculate and pass on to customers. At the end of the joint agenda, the committees deferred decision-making on HB 1161 to Tuesday, March 18 at 3:00 p.m., and the Energy and Intergovernmental Affairs committee also deferred the three measures to that date and time. The Transportation and Culture and the Arts committee then began hearing House Bill 925, which would create a Performing Arts Special Fund, and House Bill 1378, which would establish a Performing Arts Grants Program and Special Fund and revise the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts’ responsibilities and funding sources. HB 925 received support from the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts and written support or comments from DBEDT, the Hawaii Arts Alliance, and others. HB 1378 drew extensive testimony and discussion focused on preserving arts funding while addressing concerns about the use of Works of Art Special Fund dollars for positions and programming. The Governor’s office said it supported the intent but had concerns; the Attorney General warned that the bill’s cap and transfer provisions were unclear and could affect the tax-exempt status of bond-funded dollars; and the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts opposed the measure, urging an audit, tracking of deposits, and a shift of positions and programs to general funds instead of changing the law. The chair explained that the bill was intended to protect arts funding while tightening the legal guardrails around bond-financed dollars and preserving federal support, and asked testimony to focus on new points as the hearing continued.
MA
Transcript Highlights:
  • It tells you where this source came from and so forth.
  • Of the source and then what then is the potential solution, right?
  • the sourcing.
  • So how do you figure out those sources? But they are out there.
  • And perhaps maybe we just talk to the source. Didn't we step?
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The working group on best practices for oversight and enforcement met for its first session and focused on xylazine, including its legal veterinary uses, its appearance in the illicit drug supply, and whether it should be classified as a controlled substance. Members discussed the distinction between pharmaceutical-grade and non-pharmaceutical-grade xylazine, the role of international/illicit sourcing, and the limits of state-level regulation if the substance is already being added to fentanyl or other drugs outside the Commonwealth. The Department of Public Health representative summarized the agency’s view that scheduling xylazine could follow the “ironclad law of prohibition” and push the market toward other, potentially worse substances, and said DPH opposed straight scheduling in favor of education, support, and harm-reduction approaches. Veterinary members explained how xylazine is used in large-animal and research settings, why it is useful, and why federal-style scheduling could create practical burdens for veterinarians who work in the field. They also described reversal agents such as yohimbine and atipamezole (Antisedan), and noted that xylazine is not commonly used in small-animal practice. Several members raised questions about how much xylazine is actually used legally in Massachusetts, whether boards of pharmacy or distributors could provide useful data, and what other states have done. Arizona and Florida were mentioned as possible examples for further research, along with the need to examine stakeholder opposition and any effects on legitimate veterinary practice. The group agreed to divide into two subgroups: one focused on oversight and regulation of production/distribution, and another on whether xylazine should be classified as a controlled substance and what penalties, if any, should apply. Staff said they would circulate notes, a draft PowerPoint template, and a shared folder, with members asked to submit materials by December 2, draft materials due December 4, and final approval by December 9 ahead of the next public meeting on December 11. The meeting ended with a motion to adjourn, a second, and unanimous closure.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Finance and Tax Feb 5th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • THESE ARE THE DIFFERENT TAX RATES THAT ARE IN PLAY FOR THE TOP FOUR AND FIVE SOURCES.
  • I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT THE REMAINING SOURCES THAT FEED INTO GENERAL REVENUE.
  • THESE OF THE TOP FIVE SOURCES.
  • THE NEXT CHART SHOWS SOME OF THE MINOR SOURCES AND THEIR HISTORY.
  • MY TAKEAWAY IS ALL THE MAJOR SOURCES AND MINOR SOURCES ARE GROWING AND GROWING ACCORDING GROWING IN A
Keywords: 999, senate, all
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • One, it's a carbon-free source.
  • One, it's a carbon-free source.
  • One, it's a carbon-free source.
  • One, it's a carbon-free source.
  • One, it's a carbon-free source.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Committee on the Census Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Senate Committee on the Census

Transcript Highlights:
  • The MassGIS MAD is the best source for lat and long coordinates.
  • It's the best source for finding the location of a particular unit.
  • So, what kind of addressing sources were used in the MAD?
  • And then we have several other sources that we use to get to the addresses.
  • Usually they just sort of look through various sources of data.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Senate Committee on the Census held a hearing on September 22, 2025 focused on preparations for the 2030 census, with an emphasis on Massachusetts’ role in building a complete address list and improving local participation in census-related address review programs. Chair Brownsberger and witnesses from the Secretary of the Commonwealth’s office, the UMass Donahue Institute, Watertown, and MassGIS described the importance of accurate address data for congressional apportionment, federal funding, and state and local planning. They also discussed the first major upcoming step, the Block Boundary Suggestion Project, and the later Local Update of Census Addresses (LUCA) process, both of which rely on municipalities reviewing and correcting census geography and address files. John Rosenberry of the Secretary of the Commonwealth’s office said outreach to cities and towns is beginning now, with a likely December start for the block boundary process based on the 2020 cycle. He stressed that local officials, clerks, building inspectors, housing authorities, and GIS staff should be engaged early, especially to capture new development and conversions created under the state’s housing policies. Susan Strait of UMass Donahue explained that LUCA allows local governments to compare their address lists with the Census Bureau’s master address file, and that Massachusetts had very high participation in 2020; she cited examples where local review added hidden or newly built housing units and noted that Boston later corrected a group-quarters undercount of about 6,000 students through a post-census review program. In response to questions, she clarified that those corrections affected annual estimates and funding formulas, but not the 2020 apportionment count. Watertown City Manager George Proakis described how local address review is complicated by accessory dwelling units, single-family to two-family conversions, and large multifamily projects, and urged continued state support for local governments doing this work. Dan Marrier of MassGIS then outlined the Massachusetts Master Address Database, explaining that it combines multiple sources, including E911, assessor, voter, and municipal data, to create a standardized residential address repository used for census preparation and other state functions. He said the database has helped improve census accuracy, including by updating more than one million Census Bureau address-point locations before 2020, and noted that local municipalities remain the final authority on addresses even as MassGIS standardizes and reconciles variants across the Commonwealth.
AR

Arkansas 2026 Regular Session

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE May 6th, 2026

JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE

Transcript Highlights:
  • It is sole-source justification. The first two contracts are sole-sourced by justification.
  • It is sole-source justification. The first two contracts are sole-sourced by justification.
  • That will state the reasons for that being sole-source.
  • What makes this service so single source?
  • We don't own the underlying source code for it.
Summary: The committee reviewed three DHS service contracts: a $690,000-plus sole-source contract for DCFS with Evident Change for maintenance and operation of the Child Welfare Structured Decision-Making Assessment tools; a $1.2 million contract with Sifter Solutions for a SNAP waiver compliance solution and related app; and a $156,000 contract with Samaritan Integrative Services for psychiatric services at the Southeast Arkansas Human Development Center. Staff said the Evident Change contract was needed to keep daily safety risk assessments, case planning, and reunification tools functioning, and that the vendor’s proprietary system made it sole source. Members questioned DHS about reliance on the vendor, the lack of an off-ramp, whether the state was paying more or less annually, and why the contracts were not aligned on the same cycle. DHS and the vendor said the new Evident Change contract was limited to maintenance and operations, that no additional services or employees were being added, and that the broader CQI/review contract would come up separately later. For the SNAP waiver contract, DHS explained that the waiver is intended to exclude certain unhealthy foods from SNAP purchases to improve nutritional value, and that Sifter Solutions would provide a dynamic list for retailers and an app for clients to check products by barcode. DHS said the contract is sole source because it is tied to the waiver implementation and because the vendor can provide the needed dynamic list and education features. Staff said the contract would be funded with remaining federal SNAP Nutrition Education dollars that would otherwise revert to the federal government, and that the University of Pennsylvania would conduct the evaluation at no cost. Members asked about the public benefit, future renewals, and whether the state would own the application; DHS said the two-year term was designed to match the waiver period and allow time to reassess future procurement options. Members also asked about the nutrition education component, and DHS said it is developing videos with a nutritionist on preparing budget-friendly healthy meals and plans to link them to the app and website. After discussion, no objections were raised, and the items were reported as reviewed. The meeting then adjourned.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Proposed $3 million grant considered to study turning waste water heat into energy 4/14/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • It is about leveraging an almost entirely untapped source of heat that already exists in hundreds of
  • Now, I have a testifier. source of heat that already exists in source of heat that already exists in
  • for the district primary energy source for the district heating<00:02:26.160> networks<00:02:
  • of thermal energy that can provide communities with affordable, low-carbon, locally sourced heating.
  • affordable low-carbon locally sourced affordable low-carbon locally sourced heating. heating. heating
Keywords: 1183, house
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

Senate - Education Feb 11th, 2026 at 09:06 am

Senate Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • with existing revenue sources.
  • the need for funding through this source.
  • the need for funding through this source.
  • Taken into consideration in terms of identifying the need for funding through this source.
  • Taken into consideration in terms of identifying the need for funding through this source.
Bills: SB234, SB210, SB243, SB244, SM16, HB8
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • identified all of the potential sources identified all of the potential sources uh<01:05:42.000>
  • sources could be entering the aquifer. sources could be entering the aquifer.
  • investigating the source of this. investigating the source of this. the<01:06:55.359> the
  • residential and then the source residential and then the source sampling.<01:39:57.199> Um
  • continuing to sample the Wava source continuing to sample the Wava source every<01:40:07.360>
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The House Special Committee on Red Hill held an informational briefing at the State Capitol focused on updates from the Navy Closure Task Force Red Hill and NAVFAC Hawaii. Members and Navy officials opened by noting the meeting format, providing public links to tank closure supplement 4 and environmental remediation resources, and thanking Admiral Barnett for attending before his transition. The Navy emphasized that the Red Hill closure effort and the PFAS/PAS environmental remediation effort are separate but coordinated, and that both are long-term undertakings. For the closure effort, Navy officials reported progress on tank cleaning, ventilation, sludge removal, groundwater monitoring, and preparation for pipeline removal. They said supplement 4 to the tank closure plan was submitted in May and outlines the overall closure strategy, post-closure monitoring, and the decision to proceed with closure rather than wait for beneficial reuse decisions. They described completed ventilation of tanks 3 through 8, the start of tank 2 ventilation, removal of 283 gallons of sludge from the first six tanks, and plans to begin pipeline pigging and removal later this year. Officials also said all sludge samples tested so far were non-hazardous and that air monitoring has not shown elevated volatile organic readings during operations. NAVFAC Hawaii then outlined the PFAS/PAS remedial investigation under CERCLA, explaining the cleanup process, the nature of PFAS, and the role of aqueous film-forming foam as a source. The presentation said the Navy began investigating PFAS releases in 2014-2015, that the 2021 Red Hill fuel release led directly into remedial investigation work, and that current activities include quarterly groundwater sampling at 42 monitoring wells, installation of new shallow and deep wells, soil sampling where exceedances were found, fate-and-transport modeling, and human health risk assessments. Officials said data are publicly available on the Red Hill environmental website and that the next restoration advisory board meeting is scheduled for August 27. The Navy also gave a water resiliency update, saying it is upgrading the joint base drinking water system with pump, tank, and cybersecurity improvements and is installing treatment systems for the inactive Navy Aiea and Red Hill shafts ahead of EPA drinking water standards taking effect in 2029. No votes or formal committee actions were taken, as the meeting was informational only.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • And that gap needs to be filled by other sources. And we call these soft sources.
  • One other source of funding that is increasing.
  • Where we had additional sources coming in from CalHFA, additional sources that they were able to bring
  • Perm source. Once the bonds are passed, I hope that we can turn our Perm source.
  • Just having that stable source of funds.
Summary: The Assembly Select Committee on Housing Finance and Affordability held its first hearing of 2025 to examine California’s housing finance system, with opening remarks emphasizing the state’s severe housing shortage, high costs, and the need for practical recommendations to the Legislature and Governor. Co-chairs described the committee as an educational and problem-solving forum focused on financing housing production, first-time homeownership, mixed-income developments, and affordability across the income spectrum. Witnesses from state agencies and the development sector were invited to explain how housing is financed and where the system is breaking down. Panelists from the California Housing Partnership, the Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency, the Tax Credit Allocation Committee/State Treasurer’s Office, CalHFA, and Related outlined the “capital stack” used to finance affordable housing, stressing that projects typically rely on multiple public and private sources, including federal and state low-income housing tax credits, tax-exempt bonds, state subsidies, local funds, and rental income. Speakers noted that affordable housing rents generally cannot support full project costs without public subsidy, and that recent federal changes—especially the expansion of the 4% and 9% tax credit programs and the reduction of the bond financing threshold for 4% credits—should allow California to finance substantially more units. CalHFA also described its homeownership programs, including My Home, Dream For All, and disaster-related mortgage assistance, as well as its multifamily lending and bond issuance programs. Several witnesses and committee members emphasized that the system remains too complex, too slow, and underfunded. They pointed to the need for more state funding, a housing bond, a permanent funding source, and better coordination among agencies, while also citing recent streamlining efforts such as AB 434’s SuperNOFA, AB 519’s one-stop-shop working group, and the planned California Housing and Homeless Agency reorganization. Members raised concerns about equity, access, missing-middle housing, gender and racial disparities, and whether current programs adequately serve extremely low-income households and those at risk of homelessness. No formal votes or actions were taken during the hearing; the discussion ended with committee members and witnesses agreeing that both funding and administrative reform are needed to increase production and improve affordability.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Taxes - 05/06/25

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • So we're taking the funding source that was originally designed to help U.S.
  • So we're taking the funding source that was originally designed to help U.S.
  • So we're taking the funding source that was originally designed to help U.S.
  • , a funding source that has already proven to be successful.
  • Increase taxes, but instead takes a portion of an original and existing funding source, a funding source
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Education Finance - 01/22/25

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • Trends in school district revenue sources across time.
  • receipts but but all local sources receipts but but all local sources including<00:12:14.760>
  • <00:16:32.800> so School District revenues by source so School District revenues by source
  • <00:43:59.559> of the context of identifying sources of the context of identifying sources
  • <01:05:54.359> we'll<01:05:54.680> Preserve sources we'll Preserve sources we'll Preserve
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Commerce Finance and Policy Committee 4/1/25

Commerce Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • ensuring these animals are sourced ensuring these animals are sourced responsibly<00:21:06.840><
  • <00:21:40.760> and<00:21:41.000> transparency sourcing and transparency sourcing and transparency
  • exist for stores include only sourcing exist for stores include only sourcing from<00:22:27.360>
  • consumers to bypass regulated sources consumers to bypass regulated sources entirely<00:27:41.000
  • dogs and cats are being sourced dogs and cats are being sourced responsibly<00:31:32.360> so<
Bills: HF2543, HF2566, HF2627
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

House - Appropriations and Finance Jan 22nd, 2025

House Appropriations & Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • This is a new source of volatility.
  • If you'll turn to page 10, another source of...
  • Is there a recommendation for stabilizing that revenue source? Mr.
  • Income tax growing, and volatility is a new source of volatility.
  • What are all the sources and how are those?
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations and Budget Finance Subcommittee Oct 28th, 2025

A&B Finance Subcommittee

Transcript Highlights:
  • the country, only 14% of the money is from donations, and the other 5% comes from other multiple sources
  • Could you give us the source and the metrics used to make that determination?
  • I'm happy to follow up with all of them, but we use multiple data sources to find all of those.
  • System, which is not always reliable, sometimes we have to source things outside.
  • and also the source most impacted by business...
Summary: The committee heard an interim study on expanding or simplifying sales tax exemptions for Oklahoma nonprofits. Representatives Stark and Schreiber said the issue has been filed repeatedly over several sessions and framed it as a bipartisan effort to keep more charitable dollars in service of communities rather than paying sales tax. Schreiber also suggested broader tax reform or an omnibus approach rather than continuing to add individual exemptions. Marnie Taylor of the Oklahoma Center for Nonprofits gave an overview of the sector, describing nonprofits as a major part of the state economy and safety net, and argued that many organizations are highly regulated, under-resourced, and facing declining donations and funding. She said the current patchwork of exemptions is uneven and that a blanket or broader exemption would help organizations serving public needs. Committee members asked for sources behind some of the poverty, education, and health rankings cited in her presentation. Several nonprofit leaders testified about how sales tax affects their operations. RG Foods described the cost of opening neighborhood grocery markets in food deserts and said sales tax on a Tulsa project would divert about $85,000 from programming. Jubilee Partners, Skyline Urban Outreach, the Pencil Box, the Tulsa Police Foundation, Blue Rose Ranch, and Legacy Parenting Center each explained how exemption status or the lack of it affects food assistance, school supplies, public safety equipment, animal rescue, and diapers and family support. Members asked follow-up questions about food desert definitions, budgets, and how much sales tax savings would change operations. No vote was taken in the excerpt, but the study concluded with closing remarks emphasizing that the exemption would keep more money in direct services and support the nonprofit sector statewide.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Legislative Health and Human Services Jun 25th, 2025

Legislative Health & Human Services Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Um, and what kind of questions you ask from the sources.
  • Um, and then, of course, we've got other sources of data.
  • The source of your data comes from, please say it again.
  • of statistics from uh a peer-reviewed accepted um source and add statistics from another source such
  • , our source of truth.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Transportation - 02/18/26

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • The major revenue sources are on the top.
  • The major revenue sources are on the top.
  • The major revenue sources are on the top.
  • The major revenue sources are on the top.
  • The four major sources of year 26.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

EEP-AEN Informational Briefing 01-07-2025

Hawaii Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:45:47.319> for another potential source for another potential source for posos<00:45:49.920
  • of sources or our water sources from degradation is always preferable to mitigation and cleanup, thus
  • because we have a source reduction working group.
  • The importance of source reduction is not lost on our department.
  • <01:23:13.120> reduction um rules to to affect Source reduction um rules to to affect Source
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The informational briefing focused on the City and County of Honolulu’s effort to site a replacement landfill for Oahu before Waimanalo Gulch landfill closes in 2028. Department of Environmental Services officials outlined the solid waste system, including curbside collection, convenience centers, transfer stations, H-POWER, and the existing landfill, and explained that H-POWER reduces the volume of waste going to the landfill by about 90%. They reviewed the siting history, including the 2019 Land Use Commission deadline, the 2020 enactment of Act 73 with landfill setback and conservation-district restrictions, and the 2021-2022 landfill advisory committee that evaluated six sites but recommended none because they were within the Board of Water Supply’s no-pass zone. The city said it ultimately selected a site in central Oahu, on agricultural land near Wahiawa and the Dole Plantation, as the best legally permissible option and described it as requiring about 150 acres, with 90 acres for the landfill itself. City officials also described the proposed landfill design and safeguards, emphasizing a modern sanitary landfill with double liners, leachate collection, groundwater monitoring wells, and post-closure monitoring. They said the ash from H-POWER is dry and that leachate would be pumped to a wastewater treatment plant. They stated the site is away from residences and groundwater wells, accessible by highway, and can be permitted under state and federal rules, though they acknowledged that a full environmental review, public hearings, and multiple permits would still be required. When asked whether the new landfill could be operating before the 2028 closure date, the city said it did not yet know and that an extension of Waimanalo Gulch might be needed if the new site is not ready in time. The Board of Water Supply strongly opposed the city’s decision to site a landfill above Oahu’s freshwater resources. Its representative said the agency’s mission is to protect safe, dependable water for the future and that it had disapproved all six previously proposed sites because they were located over freshwater aquifers. In response to questions from legislators, the Board said it could not guarantee the liner system would remain impermeable forever and warned that leachate can contain hazardous chemicals, including so-called forever chemicals. The Board characterized the proposal as a long-term risk to the island’s drinking water supply and compared the decision to past infrastructure choices that later proved problematic. No votes or formal actions were taken during the briefing.