Transcript Highlights:

• I think about a lot of my colleagues that I went to elementary school with in the exact same position
• Somebody that I think about fairly often that I used to compete with in elementary school.
• They never knew I was competing with them, but I've always been competitive. with in elementary school
• But when it came to sixth grade after competing this entire elementary school period, they decided to
• As an elementary school teacher, I taught first, second, and third grade for many years, which are the

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, prayer, and Pledge of Allegiance, then moved through a long floor file of bills. Early measures passed with little or no debate, including AB 698 on local transfer taxes and affordable housing analysis, AB 456 on mobile home sales, AB 1129 on reportable infant health conditions, AB 69 on Fair Plan insurance notices and voluntary market searches, AB 357 on expedited student and faculty housing permits, AB 383 on firearms code cleanups, AB 426 on drones interfering with emergency response, AB 825 on energy affordability and transmission financing, and AB 699 on ballot transparency for local tax and bond measures. Most of these bills passed unanimously or with strong bipartisan margins, while AB 825 drew the most extended debate over whether it would lower costs or expand state control of energy infrastructure; it ultimately passed 45-5. The most contentious item was AB 84, which would strengthen oversight of non-classroom-based charter schools and tighten accountability for charter spending and operations. Supporters argued it was needed to stop fraud and misuse of public education dollars, citing major scandals and audit findings, while opponents warned it would harm legitimate charter schools, reduce educational options, and disproportionately affect rural and special-needs students. Several members said they supported the bill only to keep negotiations going, and others urged more targeted or delayed action. After extensive debate and multiple amendments, the Assembly passed AB 84 on a 41-22 vote. The chamber also took up AB 610, a housing bill that would require cities and counties to disclose planned housing restrictions and limit new constraints for three years after housing element approval. The author framed it as a certainty and transparency measure to help address the state’s housing shortage, while noting continued discussions with local governments and housing advocates. The transcript ends with the bill’s presentation and request for an aye vote, with no final vote shown in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, also I don't know if this is still true, but when my kids were in elementary school, the staff had
• Um, also I don't know if this is still true, but when my kids were in elementary school, the staff had
• Um, also I don't know if this is still true, but when my kids were in elementary school, the staff had
• Um, also I don't know if this is still true, but when my kids were in elementary school, the staff had
• Um, also I don't know if this is still true, but when my kids were in elementary school, the staff had

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We have four elementary schools.
• <00:30:14.480> schools<00:30:14.960> raising the local elementary schools raising the
• <00:31:06.480> They have four elementary schools. They have four elementary schools.
• <00:31:11.279> Our SGO for those elementary schools."
• Our SGO for those elementary schools."

Bills: HF3490, HF4040

Keywords: education finance, scholarship-granting organizations, charitable purposes, student scholarships, nonpublic schools, K-12 education, tax credit, advance payment, Minnesota tax law, child education expenses, taxpayer assistance, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• I guess the biggest one being Cloverport Schools.
• How would it affect a school district like Cloverport? I'm sorry, say that again.
• How would this type of agency amendment affect school districts such as Cloverport?
• When we talk about Cloverport, their math in the elementary participation rate was 89.4%.
• <00:18:03.960> we eding mechanics but in middle school we eding mechanics but in middle school

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Administrative Regulation Review Subcommittee met on February 10 with a quorum present, approved the minutes, and then reviewed a long agenda of agency regulations, most of which were accompanied by staff-suggested amendments for drafting conformity under KRS Chapter 13A. The Department of Financial Institutions’ 808 KAR 9:10, the Secretary of State’s 030 KAR 2:11, the Office of the Attorney General’s 04 KAR 5:10, the Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology’s emergency 201 KAR 17:120, the Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources’ 301 KAR 2:41, the Department for Environmental Protection’s 401 KAR 47:110 and 48:320, the State Police regulations 502 KAR 1:012 and 1:121, the Department for Public Health’s 902 KAR 4:15, the Department for Medicaid Services’ 907 KAR 1:15, and the Department for Community Based Services’ 921 KAR 1:400 were all discussed and, where applicable, staff amendments were approved without objection. The Workplace Standards emergency regulation 803 KAR 2:320E was also presented without amendment, and the Department of Insurance’s 806 KAR 9:360 was taken up but ultimately deferred at the agency’s request. Several regulations drew brief substantive discussion. The Fish and Wildlife rule on foxhound training enclosures was explained as expanding both commercial and non-commercial provisions for training with dogs involving red fox and coyotes, with enclosure standards intended to protect wildlife inside and outside the facilities. The environmental protection rules were tied to House Bill 478 and addressed permit-by-rule timelines, reporting, and operating standards for certain construction and demolition debris landfills, including sites up to two acres; members asked whether these facilities were private or municipal, and staff said they were a mix, often tied to private demolition contractors or single projects. The State Police fee increase for hazardous materials endorsements was described as reflecting a federal TSA fee change, and the witness estimated the new fee at about $23. The most extended debate concerned the Board of Education’s 704 KAR 3:535 on full-time virtual and remote learning programs. The agency amendment would cap enrollment in such programs at 10% above a district’s prior-year in-person enrollment, while also clarifying accountability, staffing, and monitoring requirements. Education officials said the cap was intended to address concerns about district capacity and student performance, and they cited Cloverport as an example of a district with high virtual participation and participation-rate issues. Members expressed concern that the amendment was too open-ended for regulation and suggested the issue might be better addressed in statute; no motion was made to adopt the agency amendment, so the regulation was left to proceed to the committee of jurisdiction. The Department of Insurance also discussed implementation of Senate Bill 188, saying it had received more than 3,000 complaints since the law took effect and was still working through enforcement and complaint processing before asking to defer its PBM licensing regulation.

Transcript Highlights:

• I don't care if you're a public school, private school, home school—if you're receiving state dollars
• I don't care if you're a public school, private school, home school, if you're receiving state dollars
• And we have two elementary schools that are potentially going to be closed.
• You know, elementary schools are looked at in the fact that it's really a parent issue.
• school?

Summary: The Pre-K through 12 Budget Subcommittee met to review how Florida’s Education Finance Program (FEFP) works, receive an update from the Department of Education on the October 2024 FTE survey and third FEFP calculation, and hear from three county superintendents about forecasting enrollment and reconciling scholarship students. The chair explained that FEFP is funded by both state and local dollars, is recalculated multiple times during the year, and is now closely tied to school choice policy. Department staff said the third calculation was still being rerun but should be completed soon, and described the forecasting process as collaborative among districts, DOE, and the Education Estimating Conference. Superintendents from Polk, St. Lucie, and Hendry counties said enrollment shifts, especially students moving to Family Empowerment Scholarships, homeschooling, or private schools, make budgeting and staffing difficult. They said districts often must hold back funds to protect against midyear losses, which affects collective bargaining, staffing, transportation, and classroom organization. Several members raised concerns about duplicate counting, transparency, and whether students receiving scholarship funds can also remain in district classrooms. DOE said districts can access scholarship information through a secure portal and that scholarship funding organizations are paid quarterly, with a new process requiring certification and possible future payment adjustments to reduce duplication. The superintendents urged better real-time tracking of students through a statewide ID or student information system and suggested scholarship students should be funded separately from district FEFP calculations. Members also discussed whether more frequent or daily attendance-based calculations would improve accuracy, though some warned that daily attendance could create new problems for high-poverty districts. The committee also briefly discussed categoricals, including mental health and ESE funding, with DOE saying it evaluates programs through studies, reporting requirements, and legislative direction. No votes were taken; the meeting ended with a motion to rise and adjourn.

Transcript Highlights:

• plan. school districts to this school year it school districts to this school year it represents<00:08
• to school districts.
• Uh, the reason for that is under the introduced version, school nurses and elementary counselors, as
• and elementary counselors.
• Uh, the reason for that is under the introduced version, school nurses and elementary counselors, as

Bills: HB0150

Keywords: Wyoming business council, economic development, task force, evaluation, policy reform, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So for example, as we add on with our fast growth and we've added on to elementary schools, added capacity
• We also opened high school too this year, Legacy Ranch High School.
• That could attract Students from another school district to that school district. That's correct.
• So it's not necessarily school district A sending over to school district Bypically school District B
• Uh, they also may be in some districts you might have a school counselor who is serving elementary school

Bills: HB20, HB120

Keywords: fraudulent solicitation, disaster relief, nonprofit organizations, criminal penalties, consumer protection, fraud prevention, charitable donations, higher education, LGBTQ studies, DEI studies, program prohibition, educational policy, HB120, Texas, Texas Education Code, public universities, public colleges, queer studies, gay studies, lesbian studies

Transcript Highlights:

• I am 10 years old and in fifth grade at Monta Vista Elementary School in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
• I'm 11 years old and I'm in fifth grade at Monta Vista Elementary School in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
• I'm 10 years old and I'm in fifth grade at Monta Vista Elementary School in Albuquerque.
• I am 11 years old and go to school at Montevideo Elementary in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Bills: HM26, HB243, HB109

Keywords: insects, ecosystem, education, public awareness, wildlife conservation, state agency involvement, New Mexico, equine welfare, animal rescue, shelter funding, trust fund, veterinary care, water project fund, water project finance act, New Mexico Finance Authority, water infrastructure, water grants, water loans, regional water planning, water rights adjudication

Transcript Highlights:

• pupil than Bayshore Elementary, a nearby non-Basic Aid school district.
• Elementary, a nearby non-Basic Aid school district.
• That school district employs 1,300 employees. My school district employs 950.
• districts and charter schools.
• funding school districts.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Committee on Elections and Constitutional Amendments heard several measures, beginning with SCA 5, Senator Cortese’s proposal to create an Equalization Reserve Account to help reduce long-standing per-pupil funding disparities between basic aid and non-basic aid school districts. Supporters, including education leaders and school employees, argued the measure would provide a stable, long-term funding source to improve student services and staffing. Charter school representatives opposed the bill, saying it excluded charter schools from the benefits and could raise equal protection concerns. Senator Cortese responded that the bill only addresses district funding and does not alter charter funding formulas. After quorum was established, SCA 5 was approved and sent to Appropriations. The committee also heard S.J.R. 18, a resolution by Senator McNerney condemning the Citizens United decision and urging limits on corporate influence in elections. The author argued that corporate and dark money have overwhelmed campaign finance and weakened public trust. There was no formal witness testimony in support or opposition, and members discussed the resolution’s symbolic nature and its relationship to free speech and campaign finance rules. The resolution was adopted and referred onward. The committee then took up ACA 7, Assembly Member Jackson’s constitutional amendment to clarify Proposition 209 and allow more race-conscious tools in education to address racial equity gaps. Supporters said current law prevents targeted, evidence-based interventions and that the measure would help close persistent disparities; opponents argued it would weaken Prop. 209, invite discrimination, and likely fail at the ballot or in court. After extensive debate, the measure was approved as amended and sent to Appropriations. The committee next heard ACA 18, which would add a second student voting seat to the University of California Board of Regents, ensuring both undergraduate and graduate student representation. The author and student regent witnesses said the UC board is the only major higher education governing board in California with just one student vote, and that more student representation would improve decision-making and reflect the student body. The measure drew support from student organizations and was approved. Finally, AJR 29 was heard, opposing a federal executive order affecting vote-by-mail administration and defending California’s mail voting system as safe and secure. The author said the order would improperly interfere with state election administration. The resolution was adopted. Items 3 and 4 on consent were also approved, and the committee adjourned after all agenda items were acted upon.

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill reduces regulations on school board operations aligning school district school, but I'm sorry
• So Senator Bradley, you're recognized to present Cs for SB 296 Hill School School and High School start
• They start the bus routes at sunrise for the elementary school kids.
• I'm a former classroom teacher at an elementary school for 7 years ago, a master's degree in curriculum
• I represent Broward County School District which is in a rated school district.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• graduate from high school not only with a high school diploma but also with an associate degree, so
• work up to 18 hours a week in that classroom with the teacher in elementary and in the middle school.
• not only with a high from high school not only with a high school<00:28:32.640> diploma<00:28
• and in the the teacher in elementary and in the middle<00:29:54.080> school.
• And this this program is is school.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate convened with an invocation and pledge, established a quorum, excused absent members, and approved the journal. During second reading, several bills and a joint resolution were reported to the Rules Committee, including measures on trauma center provider coverage, cremation, public library trustees, local occupational license fees and taxes, and a food-is-medicine resolution. The House also communicated passage of House Bills 176, 178, and 280 and requested concurrence. Committee reports advanced Senate Bill 39, Senate Bill 181 with a committee substitute, Senate Bill 17 with a committee substitute and title amendment, and Senate Bill 34. The chamber then took up and passed Senate Bill 13, which would allow military installations to have ex officio representation on nearby planning and zoning bodies to improve communication about land use near bases. It passed 37-0. Senate Bill 46, concerning school transportation, was amended by committee substitute to require background checks and drug testing for drivers of school vans and to extend van use to 10-passenger vehicles; it passed 37-0 after a brief clarification about the amendment’s display in the system. Senate Bill 22, expanding the dual credit scholarship program to support a teacher apprenticeship pathway, was amended to require a 2.75 GPA and then passed 36-1 after questions about employment status and liability; the sponsor explained it would help address teacher shortages and reduce student debt. The Senate also passed Senate Bill 90, which extends the behavioral health conditional dismissal pilot program from 2027 to 2031 to continue offering treatment-based alternatives to incarceration for eligible low-level offenders; it passed 37-0. Senate Bill 51, a proposed constitutional change to freeze property tax assessment increases for homeowners age 65 and older on their primary residence, also passed 37-0. Senate Bill 30 was passed over but retained its place in the orders of the day. The rules committee later posted Senate Bills 27, 40, and 76 for the next day, and the Committee on Committees referred Senate Bill 109 to Licensing and Occupations, Senate Bill 68 to State and Local Government, and Senate Resolutions 45 and 46 to the Senate floor.

Transcript Highlights:

• locker rooms or bathrooms, and that's for all students in middle school or elementary school.
• <03:30:07.520> or<03:30:07.840> elementary students in middle school or elementary
• students in middle school or elementary school.<03:30:09.600> This<03:30:09.840> bill<03
• A bill to require public elementary and middle schools that receive funds under the Elementary and Secondary
• schools that receive funds under the Elementary<03:57:33.760> and<03:57:34.000> Secondary<

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, May 20, 2026, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I just wanted to announce that the fourth graders from Samberg Elementary and Littleton Public Schools
• that the fourth graders from to announce that the fourth graders from Samberg<00:51:08.319> Elementary
• and Littleton Public Samberg Elementary and Littleton Public Schools<00:51:09.760> will<00:51
• <00:51:10.480> You<00:51:10.640> see<00:51:10.720> a Schools will be here today
• You see a Schools will be here today.

Keywords: 981, all

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, approved the January 28, 2026 journal, and received routine Senate Services reports on printed and enrolled measures. Committee reports were read, including Agriculture and Natural Resources recommending Senate Bill 10 to the Committee of the Whole with a favorable recommendation and consent-calendar placement, and Senate Joint Resolution 1 for final action by the Senate. The chamber also received a reappointment report for two members of the Colorado Water Resources and Power Development Authority. Senate Joint Resolution 006, concerning support for Coloradans navigating the U.S. immigration system and transparency in federal enforcement, was introduced and then laid over until Monday, February 2, 2026, on motion of the Majority Leader. The Senate also heard a tribute recognizing Rockmount Ranchwear Manufacturing Company for its 80th anniversary and legacy in Colorado, including remarks about its history, cultural influence, and family leadership, followed by applause and recognition of company representatives. Additional floor recognitions highlighted University Prep's Arapahoe Street campus, the Colorado Forest Health Council, and visiting students from Samberg Elementary and Littleton Public Schools. Announcements covered upcoming committee hearings, a legislative reception at the Buckhorn Exchange, and a Carter Science and Technology Policy Program breakfast event. The Senate then adjourned on motion until 9:00 a.m. on Friday, January 30, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• And if you've had kids in school, I've volunteered a lot of time and energy in my daughter's school district
• Are you a senior in high school? Yes. I just finished my last day of school yesterday.
• What do you have going after high school? After high school, I'm going to Missouri S&T.
• So it's not bringing in a lot of revenue for the school or the school district.
• So it's not bringing in a lot of revenue for the school or the school district.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Summary: The Committee on Higher Education and Workforce Development heard House Bill 3359, presented by Rep. Travis Wilson on behalf of Rep. Riggs. The bill would create a state income tax credit for donations to school robotics/STEAM programs, including cash, equipment, software, materials, curriculum, and employee volunteer hours, beginning with the 2027 tax year. The credit would be 20% of the donation value, capped at $10 million annually, with a six-year sunset. Committee members raised questions about whether the credit applies to individuals or businesses, how volunteer hours would be valued and limited, whether the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education or the Department of Economic Development would administer reporting, and whether the 20% rate should be higher. Several members also questioned the fiscal note and the impact on a tight state budget. The main witness in support was Sarah Waldron, an 18-year-old Westminster Christian Academy senior and robotics team leader who said she wrote the bill. She argued that robotics programs are expensive, that private investment is needed to improve workforce readiness, and that the bill would help schools in both urban and rural areas. She clarified that the volunteer-hours provision was intended for business employees, not general individual volunteerism, and said the bill could be amended to add guardrails and better target under-resourced schools, including a possible tiered credit based on free-and-reduced-lunch percentages. Committee members praised her initiative and testimony. One witness testified in opposition, State Public Advocate Arne C. Dinoff, who said robotics is worthwhile but the state cannot afford another tax credit given the budget deficit and the cumulative cost of tax credit programs. He objected particularly to subsidizing volunteerism and said schools should support robotics locally rather than through a state tax credit. No vote was taken; the hearing was closed and the committee adjourned after testimony.

Transcript Highlights:

• school administration office or school school administration office or school board. board. board
• , school administrative office, school board.
• , school administrative office, school board.
• , school administrative office, school board.
• the school board? the school board?

Bills: SB3082, SB3110, SB3251

Keywords: military families, family leave, qualifying military exigency, Hawaii Revised Statutes, financial support, Hawaii National Guard, civil-military program, education, collective bargaining, exemption, SB3251, Hawaii public safety, ICE, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Border Patrol, law enforcement hiring, state employment ban, police powers, Department of Law Enforcement, DLNR

Transcript Highlights:

• BASED ON THE INFORMATION IN THE SCHOOL.
• AND THE FINAL ONE AND WANT TO MENTION IS THE ELEMENTARY PROGRAM.
• WE HAVE ANOTHER ONE AND THE GRADUATE LEVELS TIED TO SCHOOL LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS.
• A LOT OF THESE MAJORS ARE GOING TO BE GOING ON TO GRADUATE SCHOOL.
• NURSES, ELEMENTARY TEACHERS, IT IS BY THAT LEVEL OF OCCUPATION.

Transcript Highlights:

• Lake Elmo is now part of a nationwide network of Bar elementary schools.
• Lake Elmo was the first elementary Lake Elmo was the first elementary school<00:10:43.600> in
• nationwide network of bar elementary nationwide network of bar elementary schools.<00:10:53.360>
• First of all, you got to go see Rock Ridge High School and the two new elementary schools.
• to incorporate one school becoming, say, the high school and another becoming elementary school.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• and staying in school.
• , middle school, and high school levels—the vast majority of teachers are constantly doing formative
• It occurs certainly at the school district or the school level with the principal in smaller schools,
• We have a school budget bureau.
• And usually, after PE or recess, one of the most common ones I get in elementary school is math.

Transcript Highlights:

• vacant elementary schools? vacant elementary schools?
• do all schools have this the schools?
• We report that elementary, middle, high; we report it by public school, private, residential costs, and
• be into schools? be into schools?
• schools? schools?

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The commission met to review and amend the minutes from its previous meeting, correcting the date, several spelling and wording errors, and clarifying references to a scholarship fund and a member’s title. The minutes were then approved as amended, with some members abstaining because they were not present at the prior meeting. The chair then turned to the commission’s work plan under SB 57, emphasizing the need to prioritize the statutory topics and identify which issues require additional research, documentation, and possible spreadsheets. Members discussed a broad range of special education cost drivers and policy questions, including student referral rates, why students are classified as other health impaired, whether referrals increased after COVID school closures, intervention processes before referral, the cost of services required under IEPs and 504 plans, differences between federal law, state law, and DOE rules, reporting of special education costs, out-of-district and residential placements, district sharing of resources, dispute resolution, graduation rates, and adult learning outcomes. Several members raised concerns that school environments, mental health, bullying, and possible overidentification may be contributing to rising special education numbers and costs, while others cautioned that some reported district percentages may be inflated or unclear because of how the data are counted. A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 742, which would eliminate prorated special education aid when state appropriations are insufficient and require the governor to draw a warrant to cover shortfalls. Representative Ames explained that the bill had been recommended for interim study because the commission is already examining special education costing, and he highlighted the gap between FY24 special education costs of about $977.1 million and state aid of $33.9 million for catastrophic aid, $67.4 million for differentiated aid, and $50.8 million in federal IDEA funds, leaving local districts to cover about $825.1 million. He argued the commission should ultimately make clear that both the federal government and the state should contribute more. The Department of Education, through Melissa White, answered questions about data and oversight. She said special education counts come from IEPs entered into the state system using SASIDs, that DOE monitors districts through both desk audits and on-site visits, and that billing is checked against the services listed in each student’s IEP. She also said DOE’s special education work is largely federally funded, with roughly $56.7 million received through IDEA this year and about $49.1 million flowing through to LEAs, while the department retains a small amount for administration and statewide support activities. Members also discussed how adequacy calculations use special education counts from the state system and how those figures are reported.

Transcript Highlights:

• > high officer in school in a school in a high officer in school in a school in a high school<00:
• I used to teach at Kuhio in Pahoa Elementary School with more than 120 ELLs, and now moving to K Middle
• I used to teach at kuha in pahal School I used to teach at kuha in pahal elementary<01:22:11.679>
• c> than<01:22:14.400> more elementary school with a more than more elementary school with
• it vary like school by school on how it vary like school by school on how they<01:27:24.360>

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 627, which concerns Department of Education school safety funding and staffing. DOE said the bill would restore two positions and related funding that had been removed from the governor’s budget: a targeted violence prevention and threat assessment program manager and a security technology manager. DOE described ongoing work on school vulnerability assessments, fire suppression measures, security camera research, panic buttons, and active shooter prevention training. Testifiers from DOE, the Department of Law Enforcement, fire services, HSTA, and an individual witness all supported the bill, with the individual citing a past school shooting experience as a reason to increase school resource officers and safety measures. Members asked about the positions’ duties, how the request differed from existing security funding, and the status of active shooter training; DOE said it would provide more information on training statistics. The committee then took up HB 249, relating to Executive Office on Early Learning family child interaction learning programs. The Early Learning Board, EOEL, Commit to Kids, Early Childhood Action Strategies, Partners in Development Foundation, and others testified in support. EOEL said it currently spends about $800,000 annually on FCI program contracts and supports expanding state funding for FCIL programs, including infant and early childhood mental health, if the appropriation covers the broader scope. Testifiers emphasized that FCIL programs are trauma-informed, evidence-based, and help families and children, with one provider sharing a long-term example of a parent and child benefiting from the program. Members asked how many programs are supported, whether FCIL exists on all islands, and whether the request was in the governor’s budget; EOEL said the expansion was requested by the office but not included in the governor’s budget. HB 429, concerning pre-K expansion, drew broad support from the Lieutenant Governor, EOEL, HSTA, and community groups. Supporters said the Ready Keiki initiative has already opened more than 50 classrooms and would add another 50 over the next two years, including Hawaiian immersion classrooms. EOEL said it currently administers 72 public pre-K classrooms across 74 campuses and that the bill’s funding was included in the governor’s budget request. Testimony stressed kindergarten readiness, affordability for working families, equity across islands, and inclusion classrooms. Members asked about national quality benchmarks, with EOEL stating Hawaii meets 10 of 10 benchmarks and that only five states had done so at the time referenced. The Lieutenant Governor also described construction and delivery efforts, including refurbishing existing classrooms, modular options, possible use of state buildings, and even collaboration with libraries to expand child care access. Finally, the committee heard HB 439 on J-1 teacher licensure. DOE supported the bill, while the Hawaii Teacher Standards Board opposed it, arguing licensure standards are not place-based and should remain rigorous and uniform for all educators. The Attorney General’s office offered technical comments, including replacing “educators” with “teacher” and clarifying the bill’s language on issuance and renewal conditions. Several organizations and individuals testified in support, including school, cultural, business, and educator groups. One witness, a teacher from the Philippines, said J-1 educators are highly qualified and described the rigor of teacher preparation in the Philippines. No votes were taken in the portion of the meeting provided.