Video & Transcript Research : 'civil commitment'

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MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 04/07/25

Judiciary and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • Article 7 begins on page 99, titled Civil Commitment Coordinating Division.
  • It establishes the Civil Commitment Coordinating Division within the Office of the Attorney General and
  • Article 13 begins on page 180 and is titled Civil Law.
  • civil is titled civil law.<00:26:54.640> Sections<00:26:55.279> 1,<00:26:56.240> 5<
  • SF1409 and modifies laws governing civil SF1409 and modifies laws governing civil marriages,<00:
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Public Safety Committee May 6th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • Existing law requires the sheriff to investigate public offenses which have been committed.
  • This bill imposes new restrictions and enhances existing provisions with the specter of civil remedies
  • This bill imposes new restrictions and enhances existing provisions with the specter of civil remedies
  • this conflict, but this bill raises the stakes in such a dispute by subjecting a peace officer to civil
  • This effectively guarantees that an elected official who's suspected of committing a crime as it relates
Summary: The Assembly Standing Committee on Public Safety heard one item, Senate Bill 73 by Senator Cervantes, and took up committee and Elections Committee amendments. The bill was described as strengthening protections against interference in elections by extending restrictions to military personnel at polling places, protecting the chain of custody of voted ballots, and limiting law enforcement access to voting machines and voter rosters without a court order. The chair explained that the committee amendments would remove certain criminal penalties for peace officers, restore a uniform requirement for some polling-place personnel, and clarify the effect of objections by the Secretary of State or Attorney General. The author and supporters, including API Force and CHIRLA, argued the bill was needed to respond to threats of intimidation and election interference, citing concerns about armed personnel at polling places and the Riverside County sheriff’s seizure of ballots. Supporters said the measure would protect voters, especially immigrant communities and in-person voters, and preserve confidence in election administration. Opposition from the California State Sheriffs’ Association and CALA argued the bill was vague, could hinder lawful criminal investigations, and improperly restrict law enforcement and federal election oversight. After closing remarks, the committee voted to pass SB 73 as amended to the Assembly Appropriations Committee. The vote was 6-1, with one member not voting. The chair and another member recommended an aye, while one member voted no.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House DFL Media Availability 5/19/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • So that travels alone, and then you have commitments from your caucus to pass the health budget without
  • from your caucus to have commitments from your caucus to pass<00:08:11.199> the<00:08:11.440>
  • with<00:09:54.640> the<00:09:54.800> summer<00:09:55.040> of<00:09:55.200> civil
  • <00:09:55.519> unrest<00:09:55.920> after with the summer of civil unrest after with
  • the summer of civil unrest after the<00:09:56.399> murder<00:09:56.560> of<00:09:56.720
Keywords: 1183, house
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session - 05/11/26

Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <00:59:25.119> fraudulent is found to have committed fraudulent is found to have committed
  • Um the uh civil judiciary committee.
  • amendment in front of me, uh, a civil amendment in front of me, uh, a civil cause<03:38:38.720><
  • Civil arrest does not proceeding.
  • 34.160> even President, that's my commitment even President, that's my commitment even yet.<05
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
KY
Transcript Highlights:
  • This bill specifically establishes accountability through civil penalties.
  • This bill specifically establishes accountability through civil penalties.
  • Give us civil penalties. We will abide by all of your rules and regulations.
  • Give us civil penalties. We will abide by all of your rules and regulations.
  • Give us civil penalties. We will abide by all of your rules and regulations.
Summary: The Senate Agriculture Committee took up Senate Bill 122, a measure dealing with pet stores, breeders, and the scope of local regulation. The chair explained the bill was intended to balance private business rights with local control, and said he wanted to clarify definitions such as qualified breeder, local authority, and where fees and fines would go. He also said he would work on a floor amendment and noted concerns about whether the bill would allow localities to outright ban pet stores or instead only regulate them. The committee first adopted a committee substitute by motion and voice vote. Supporters of the bill, including representatives from Petland and an attorney who had worked on animal-related regulation in Ohio, argued that the bill would create statewide standards, protect responsible pet retailers from what they described as politically motivated local bans, and preserve consumer choice. They said local governments would still be able to inspect, require documentation, and enforce licensing, but not shut businesses down without due process. A senator from Campbell County asked whether the bill would interfere with strong local ordinances; supporters responded that the bill would set standards higher than USDA rules and still allow local regulation, while opposing local bans. Opposition came from the Kentucky League of Cities and representatives of Kentucky animal care and control agencies. KLC said local decisions should remain at the local level and noted that several cities and one county already had ordinances that could be affected; it also said the bill was opposed by its board and might overlap with pending litigation. Animal control representatives said the bill did not clearly define breeder verification or enforcement responsibility, could restrict local authority, and did not address animal care conditions or consumer transparency. After questions and debate, the committee voted on the bill; the roll call ended in a 5-5 tie, and Senate Bill 122 failed to pass out of committee.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Local Government Committee Jun 17th, 2026

Local Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Contra Costa voters have twice renewed their commitment to this local transportation model because they
  • The author is committed to working with us, and we're grateful to her for that.
  • It preserves the integrity of the investigative process and does not jeopardize any ongoing civil or
  • There's no formal or written results that can... ongoing civil or criminal investigation.
  • Thank you, Senator, for your work on this issue and for your commitment to address concerns regarding
Keywords: 988, house, all
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs (02/24/2026)

Health, Human Services and Elderly Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, so it's technically a civil commitment. It doesn't come with a...
  • Uh but the intent is civil commitment.
  • It has to be, for any sort of civil commitment, clear and convincing evidence of the problem.
  • Uh it has to be for any sort of civil Uh it has to be for any sort of civil commitment<00:18:33.200
  • c> is<00:18:44.000> a civil commitments because it is a civil commitments because it is a
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The House Committee on Health, Human Services, and Elderly Affairs heard HB 1790-FN, which would address involuntary admissions for certain individuals with a substance use disorder. Representative Lucy Weber introduced the bill for Representative Long, and the committee heard extensive testimony both in support of and in opposition to the proposal. Opponents, including John Burns of SOS Recovery and Jake Barry of New Futures, argued that involuntary commitment is not well supported by research, can retraumatize people, may increase overdose risk after release, and could undermine New Hampshire’s existing recovery and harm-reduction efforts. They emphasized that treatment should be voluntary, trauma-informed, and paired with housing, recovery supports, and other community-based services. Representative Long said he was willing to accept DHHS’s request to amend the bill into a study commission, though he expressed concern that a prior state study had not led to action. He said the commission should focus on implementation details, including where people would be placed, staffing, withdrawal management, elopement prevention, length of commitment, and aftercare. He described involuntary commitment as one tool for people with severe dangerous addictions, distinct from drug court, and said it could help avoid criminal records. Committee members asked about capacity at New Hampshire Hospital and how the proposal would work in practice. DHHS officials Katya Fox and Cynthia Pabonis testified that the bill raises major policy and fiscal concerns. They said New Hampshire’s current system has benefited from investments in naloxone, medication-assisted treatment, recovery centers, and community-based services, and that those investments have helped reduce overdose deaths. They estimated the bill would require a new 70-bed facility costing about $40 million to build and about $33.3 million annually to operate, with only a small portion offset by insurance, plus more than $600,000 in annual legal costs and additional staffing and system changes. They also said New Hampshire Hospital has 185 beds, with about 100 patients typically ready for less restrictive settings, and that housing shortages are a major bottleneck. NAMI New Hampshire also testified in opposition, saying families often want any possible treatment for loved ones but still opposed the bill. No vote or final action was taken in the hearing.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Legislative Finance Nov 19th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • Civil legal services, of course, and the land-grant council.
  • It's a nice building, and so much expense has already been committed there.
  • Secretary, about the civil lawsuits that are out there and how those are handled.
  • The civil legal services budget is flat from last year.
  • Additionally, you've appropriated $9 billion in special appropriations for civil legal services.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary (02/12/2026)

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • we think if you think of the civil we think if you think of the civil rights<00:32:23.120> movement
  • And I'll enhance our civil rights laws.
  • Harassment isn't included in the Civil Harassment isn't included in the Civil Rights<00:37:29.359
  • /c><01:10:18.800> gets<01:10:19.120> to committed these crimes now gets to committed these
  • :53:47.200> by<02:53:47.359> lying also committed mortgage fraud by lying also committed
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Ethics and Elections Apr 22nd, 2025

Ethics and Elections

Transcript Highlights:
  • My commitment to Northwest Florida is more recent, of course.
  • Commission on Civil Rights. So we have a great team.
  • I have a strong commitment, blue and green.
  • I have a strong commitment, blue and green.
  • It requires total and full commitment. It is in our Constitution.
Summary: The Committee on Ethics and Elections met to consider a large slate of gubernatorial appointees, with 127 nominees on the agenda. The committee first approved the grouped nominees in Tabs 1 through 54 by unanimous roll call vote after brief public testimony in support of several appointees. The committee then took up individual University of West Florida and Pensacola State College-related nominations, including noting that Dr. Joel Rudman had resigned from the Pensacola State College board before appearing, leaving no action to take on that tab. Several UWF trustees were confirmed after testimony focused on their qualifications and priorities for the university. Paul Bailey emphasized his local ties, legal background, and interest in UWF’s military connections and pre-law program; Rebecca Matthews highlighted her education and public service background, current role as UWF board chair, enrollment growth, fundraising, and alignment with state directives; Rachel Moyah discussed her education leadership experience, finance role, and positive enrollment and fundraising trends; Ashley Ross described her fundraising and higher education background and stressed workforce, advancement, cyber, and military partnerships; and Christopher Young spoke about his Panhandle roots, business experience, audit and compliance work, and support for military and student opportunity. Each of these nominees was confirmed by roll call and forwarded to the full Senate. The most contentious nomination was Adam Kissel for the UWF Board of Trustees. Kissel described his background in higher education policy, free speech, philanthropy, and federal education work, and said he would focus on free speech, accreditation, military/veteran support, honors programming, and graduation rates. Committee members questioned him closely about prior writings on privatizing public higher education, his views on free speech versus Senate Bill 266, Project 2025, AI in administration, and his fit for UWF. Public testimony was split, with supporters praising his free-speech credentials and reform views, while opponents, including former UWF leaders, warned he was too ideological and not sufficiently grounded in the university community. After debate, the committee voted 5-4 not to confirm Kissel, so his name will not be forwarded to the full Senate.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/11/2026 - Senate Education

Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • So Dysart has it written: if you commit a felony, you are not eligible to participate, period.
  • So if a child commits any of these crimes and then they return to school, that means they've already
  • So again, I may be asking the same question, but they commit any of these crimes, they serve their time
  • So if a child commits any of these crimes and then they return to school, that means they've already
  • They commit any of these crimes. They serve their time, and then they're ready to come to school.
Summary: The Senate Education Committee heard a presentation from Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Horne focused on school safety, academic improvement, career and technical education, ESA oversight, and teacher pay. Horne argued that students cannot learn without safe schools and urged more funding for school police officers, citing threats and violent incidents. He also highlighted Project Momentum, tutoring, attendance, classroom phone restrictions, the Student Industry Partnership, expanded ESA participation, and his call to use Proposition 123 land trust funds for direct teacher raises. In response to a question, he said the department is using AI tools, residency checks, and investigators to reduce ESA fraud and abuse. The committee then considered SB 1074, which would require written certification from a principal or administrator before a student removed for discipline could return to class. Horne and the sponsor said the bill would support teachers and hold administrators accountable, while opponents from the Arizona Education Association argued it was redundant, could undermine administrator judgment and FERPA-protected information, and would not address the root causes of classroom disruption. The bill passed 4-3. The committee also heard SB 1327, as amended by a strike-everything amendment requiring Arizona public universities to adopt and report on research security policies to protect against foreign adversary threats and preserve federal funding eligibility. Support came from the sponsor, State Armor, and the Arizona Board of Regents, and the amended bill passed 5-2. Members next approved SB 1475, which bars students convicted of, or admitting to, certain serious offenses from participating in school-sponsored interscholastic activities, with some discussion about rehabilitation, school discretion, and whether a readmittance process should exist. Supporters said the measure was needed for accountability and uniformity after a particularly egregious case; opponents warned it could remove an important rehabilitative outlet. The bill passed 4-3. The committee then advanced SB 1582 and SB 1583, both related to school safety interoperability funding and technical corrections; SB 1582 passed 4-2, and SB 1583, as amended, passed 4-2. Finally, SB 1598, which appropriates $500,000 for school and community gardens, passed unanimously 5-0 after testimony that gardens serve as hands-on learning spaces and supportive environments for students.
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

FL House Floor Session - 2025-04-23 (10:00AM Session)

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Last year, we passed legislation that commits revenues available through the 2021 compact to make sure
  • Or if you have commitments and obligations going forward, ...may not need that year, or if you have commitments
  • Also, it does not contain the section regarding enhanced penalties for crimes committed while using a
  • Senators, I apologize for these two late-filed amendments, but I did make a commitment to some of the
  • He modernized state government, reformed civil service, and invested in public health.
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several introductions and moments of silence, including tributes related to the FSU campus shooting, Coach Amir Abdur-Rahim, John Thrasher, the Florida Wildlife Corridor, and visiting student and community groups. The chamber then moved into special order bills and adopted a resolution honoring Coach Abdur-Rahim. A number of measures were taken up and passed, including child care and early learning provider regulation updates, false reporting/swatting penalties, health care billing and collection protections, hazardous walking conditions for schoolchildren, young adult housing support for foster and homeless students, the Family Empowerment Scholarship Program, trust fund interest rules for IOTA accounts, transportation-related changes, public records exemptions for AHCA investigators, JQC employees, and appellate court clerks, municipal water and sewer utility rates in Miami-Dade, motor vehicle offenses involving obscured plates and impersonating law enforcement, trespass at large-scale ticketed events, refund of patient overpayments, stem cell therapy standards, insulin administration by direct support professionals and relatives, pre-arranged transportation services, and the Uniform Commercial Code update for digital assets. Several bills were amended before passage, often by substituting House companions and adopting late-filed amendments. The transportation bill was significantly revised to remove speed-limit increases and utility-related provisions while adding beach equipment removal, flood-wake enforcement, expectant mother parking permits, and local regulation of micromobility devices; it passed 37-0. The trust fund interest bill drew the most debate, with supporters arguing it right-sized a volatile funding stream for legal aid and opponents warning it would sharply reduce support for legal aid organizations; it passed 28-10. The municipal water and sewer rate bill also prompted extended debate over fairness, fiscal impact, and accusations of racism, but passed 36-2. Public records exemption bills for AHCA investigators, JQC employees, and appellate clerks passed with varying margins, with supporters emphasizing safety and anti-doxing protections. One bill on cardiac emergencies and another on education were temporarily postponed. Most measures were adopted by wide margins, often unanimously, after brief sponsor explanations and little or no debate. The Senate also adopted a resolution honoring the late USF coach Amir Abdur-Rahim and recognized several visiting groups in the gallery. After completing the day’s special order calendar, the Senate recessed for lunch until 1:30 p.m. or on call of the President.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

S/C on Juvenile Justice Apr 14th, 2025

S/C on Juvenile Justice

Transcript Highlights:
  • Um, juvenile is civil, adult is criminal.
  • When you choose to use a gun to commit a violent crime, the court will take it seriously.
  • Alicia Castillo, Texas Civil Rights Project in opposition to the bill.
  • I've talked to many police chiefs, and more and more young people are being recruited to commit these
  • They want them to commit the crime to do it because they know there's less consequences on it.
FL
Transcript Highlights:
  • The Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice will now come to order.
  • SB 32 creates a new injunction for protection when a respondent has committed one act of serious violence
  • Under current law, those victims often have no avenue for civil protection.
  • Under current law, those victims often have no avenue for civil protection.
  • , or in the presence of a minor commits, a violation of the following sections of law: aggravated animal
Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice heard and approved several bills. SB 504 and its related public records bill SB 506, both by Sen. Burgess, would allow local governments to authorize code enforcement officers to use body cameras under standardized policies and create a public records exemption for certain recordings; members raised questions about disclosure and when cameras may be used, and both bills were reported favorably. The committee also approved CS/SB 32 and SB 210 by Sen. Sharif, creating a new injunction for protection against serious violence by a known person and extending public records protections to petitions under that injunction category. Supporters included law enforcement, women’s advocacy groups, and justice organizations. The committee then favorably reported SB 676 by Sen. Arrington, which creates a graduated penalty structure for adults who involve minors in certain animal cruelty offenses and increases penalties related to fighting or baiting animals. SB 432 by Sen. Yarbrough was also approved; it adds certain concentrated 7-OH to Schedule I, exempts FDA-approved veterinary xylazine products, creates penalties for candy-like xylazine products, and establishes trafficking penalties for xylazine. Sen. Osgood spoke in support of the bill, emphasizing the dangers of adulterated street drugs for people with substance use disorder. Finally, the committee approved SB 524 by Sen. Simon, which makes a series of technical and administrative changes affecting the Medical Examiners Commission, district medical examiner appointments, the Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission, and notice procedures for administrative complaints. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement appeared in support. All measures were reported favorably, and the committee adjourned without objection.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on State Administration and Regulatory Oversight

Transcript Highlights:
  • Civil action, which, again, we’re not going to be in violation or anything.
  • Civil unrest. primarily with medical stuff, but other things as well.
  • Civil unrest in the wake of the protest involving George Floyd in his passing.
  • , the Legislature's commitment, to our military veteran community.
  • Nine lives that were saved because of a coordinated commitment to action.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills. Representative David Linsky supported HB 3383, which would designate the song “Roadrunner” as the official rock song of Massachusetts, describing its Boston roots and cultural significance. Representative Sean Garberle supported HB 3335 on public access to historical records, arguing that records from state institutions should be released after 75 years and that families and researchers should be able to identify people buried in unmarked graves at former state institutions. Representative Rodney Elliott and Lowell officials supported HB 4138, authorizing easements for a Lowell sewer separation project; they said the project is needed for Clean Water Act compliance, will reduce combined sewer overflows into the Merrimack River, and must proceed quickly to meet SRF and consent-decree timelines. Committee members asked about Article 97, the location and scope of the easement, environmental justice impacts, and minority/small business participation in construction. The committee also heard extensive testimony on Senate 2183 and its House companion, which would elevate the Massachusetts National Guard to a cabinet-level position reporting directly to the Governor. Senators Mike Moore and John Velis, along with the National Guard Association’s Matthew McKenna, argued the change would reduce bureaucracy, improve communication and readiness, and reflect the Guard’s broad domestic and military missions. Velis cited the Holyoke Soldiers’ Home tragedy as an example of a breakdown in communication, while committee members said they wanted more information, including input from the Governor’s office and Guard leadership, before acting. The committee noted the distinction between state-controlled and federalized Guard missions and said it would continue reviewing the issue. Senator Liz Miranda and a large panel of survivors, advocates, and Northeastern law students testified in support of S. 2174 and S. 2177, which would create an office and task force on unsolved homicides, allow families to petition for case review after three years, require written responses, and establish a tip line, database, and dedicated funding. Witnesses described long-standing lack of communication, low clearance rates, and the disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities. Senator Becca Rausch also testified on S. 2210, extending public records law to the governor and Legislature, and S. 2207, creating stronger information-governance and records-retention standards; she said both would improve transparency and reduce waste. The transcript does not reflect any votes taken during the hearing, though chairs repeatedly indicated support for moving some bills favorably and said the committee would continue reviewing the National Guard proposal.
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Monday, June 23, 2025)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • In our civilization, the Judeo-Christian civilization of the United States and the West, we believe in
  • In our civilization, the evil.
  • In our civilization, the Judeo-Christian<00:24:52.960> civilization<00:24:53.840> of<00
  • :24:54.080> the Judeo-Christian civilization of the Judeo-Christian civilization of the United
  • <02:08:36.239> Their commitment to learning. Their commitment to learning.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Courts, Corrections and Justice Nov 6th, 2025

Courts, Corrections & Justice Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • You went out and committed a murder on Tuesday, and then you went out and committed a murder two weeks
  • Somebody commits a third-degree felony.
  • He committed two first-degree murders.
  • Decided kids who committed consecutive cases, right?
  • Venue for civil action is set by Section 38-31, also statutory.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session May 23rd, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The first sign of civilization was not an invention.
  • What was true at the dawn of human civilization continues to be true today.
  • It’s Margaret... ...the dawn of human civilization continues to be true today.
  • Their leadership and commitment help keep parks open, healthy, inclusive, and environmentally responsible
  • and remaining committed to working with the opposition to resolve those issues in the Senate.
Summary: The Assembly met on May 23, 2025, after a quorum call, prayer, and Pledge of Allegiance. Members also made several guest introductions and memorial recognitions, including tributes to labor leader Louisa Blue and a Memorial Day moment of silence. The body adopted a motion to suspend Assembly Rule 63 for certain Appropriations Committee bills, and later took up a second-day consent calendar and several resolutions. The chamber adopted ACR 68, declaring July 2025 as Parks Make Life Better Month, and ACR 83, proclaiming California Maritime Day; both received broad support. On the floor file, members passed a series of bills covering child passenger safety, student financial aid, downtown office-to-housing conversion districts, rental vehicle theft prevention, fire hazard zone reviews, medical data protections, UC admissions transparency, office-to-housing streamlining, inoperable RV removal, domestic violence and child welfare, insurance classification for social service workers, sustainable aviation fuel CEQA review, UC hiring background checks, accessory dwelling units, fish and wildlife exemptions for Sutter County infrastructure, speed limit assessments, geothermal permitting, special education transfers, recorder fee adjustments, and a BIT program exemption for farmers and ranchers. Most measures passed with little or no opposition. AB 435, which would have implemented a five-step test standard for child passenger safety laws, was later reconsidered and failed on a vote of 36-12 after the call was lifted. The Assembly also adopted the second-day consent calendar, including multiple bills and resolutions, and added co-authors to several resolutions. The session ended with adjournments in memory and an adjournment until Tuesday, May 27 at 1 p.m.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Judiciary (02/04/2025)

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • So it really balances what is necessary in civil litigation, especially when enforcing civil rights.
  • litigation except for CI civil litigation except for CI civil litigation<01:26:47.480> um
  • > exonerate also can help in civil suits exonerate also can help in civil suits exonerate Law<
  • <01:27:10.080> litigation what is necessary in civil litigation what is necessary in civil
  • now allows for retaining during that civil suit, not civil suit—during civil suits and administrative
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session-Day 13, February 24, 2026-AM

Wyoming House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • You're intentionally making a choice to create, to commit that crime. So on and opposed.
  • You're intentionally making a choice to create, to commit that crime. So on and opposed.
  • We did the my commitment to all of you.
  • They start either in civil or district, and then they go to federal because of an appeal.
  • They start either in civil or district, and then they go to federal because of an appeal.
Keywords: 916, all