Video & Transcript Research : 'Chapter 45'
Page 89 of 500
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Finance Division III (03/10/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- would<01:45:04.560>
they <01:45:04.719>go <01:45:04.920>if <01:45:05.040>they - out and<01:45:21.280>
who's <01:45:21.520>going <01:45:21.639>to <01:45:21.760>< - :45:24.320>
I <01:45:24.520>I <01:45:24.639>can <01:45:24.840>I <01:45:24.920 - >
can <01:45:25.080>look <01:45:25.239>at <01:45:25.360>more <01:45:25.520 - >
I <01:45:32.159>would <01:45:32.400>say <01:45:33.320>um <01:45:33.480><
Summary:
The Division of Long-Term Supports and Services presented its budget and program overview as part of the Department of Health and Human Services operating budget review. Leadership described the division’s three bureaus—Aging and Adult Services, Developmental Services, and Family-Centered Services—and explained that the division provides guidance, technical assistance, quality monitoring, and contracted provider oversight across the lifespan. Members also discussed staffing, with reported vacancy rates of 4% in Aging and Adult Services, 15% in Developmental Services, and 6% in Family-Centered Services; the division said the higher BDS vacancy rate is partly due to the small number of authorized positions. The governor’s budget had left eight positions unfunded in the division, including three in Aging and Adult Services and five in BDS.
A major topic was the division’s roadmap initiatives, especially building a system of care for healthy aging and strengthening developmental disabilities systems through a new reimbursement rate structure. The division said it contracted with an actuary to study DD service costs and found rates had not been reviewed since 2017 and were significantly below actual costs and other states’ rates, contributing to provider shortages even when services are authorized. Members asked about the impact on service delivery and whether rates would need to rise overall; the division said its strategy is to focus on lower-cost services that help people remain in the community. The division also reported waiver enrollment figures, including about 4,161 people on the Choices for Independence waiver, 3,688 average nursing facility residents, 5,061 people on the DD waiver, 228 on the acquired brain disorder waiver, and 488 children on the in-home support waiver, while noting there is no funding waitlist but provider availability remains a constraint.
The division highlighted IT modernization as a major accomplishment, especially moving Adult Protective Services and Developmental Services into the New Heights system. Officials said these changes improve case-note access, data retrieval, service authorization tracking, and transparency for providers, and they asked for future oversight discussion focused on IT leverage. Members noted that New Heights maintenance is budgeted in the Office of the Commissioner under class 27 and suggested better transparency on system costs and benefits. The division also reported that it closed out a long-running CMS corrective action plan for BDS on July 1, 2023, and said it is now focused on strengthening the system rather than compliance alone.
Other discussion covered the Aging and Adult Services bureau’s name change from Elderly and Adult Services to Adult and Aging Services, intended to avoid negative connotations and better reflect preventative services. The bureau described Adult Protective Services trends involving scams, financial exploitation, self-neglect, and isolation, and explained that it administers the CFI waiver, determines medical eligibility for nursing facility level of care, and braids funding from Medicaid, state funds, Older Americans Act money, Social Service Block Grants, and other grants. Members asked about waiver growth targets and federal consequences if enrollment remains below projections; the division said it would explain the shortfall in a future waiver amendment and did not anticipate a federal penalty. The meeting ended without any votes or formal actions taken.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- So<00:45:08.680>
the <00:45:08.800>language <00:45:09.480>here <00:45:09.920> - 00:45:14.040>
sort <00:45:14.320>of <00:45:14.400>a <00:45:14.480>grace <00 - :45:14.880>
period <00:45:15.400>for <00:45:15.560>them <00:45:15.960>to Chair <00:45:45.560>and <00:45:45.680>thank <00:45:45.840>you, <00:45:45.920- <00:45:47.400>
Is <00:45:47.560>this <00:45:47.960>is <00:45:48.080>this<
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:45:39.520>
years <00:45:39.720>we've <00:45:39.840>done <00:45:40.680> - Policy<00:45:42.160>
changes <00:45:42.600>have <00:45:42.800>had <00:45:42.960>< - c><00:45:46.960>
are <00:45:47.080>almost <00:45:47.400>always <00:45:47.720> - Um uh<00:45:51.000>
tax <00:45:51.280>policy <00:45:51.680>is <00:45:51.800>really - /c><00:45:56.280>
the <00:45:56.400>decisions <00:45:56.920>that <00:45:57.040>
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 3/12/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- c> time<00:45:47.720>
when <00:45:47.839>it <00:45:48.040>comes <00:45:48.319 - time when it comes to the rate exceptions<00:45:50.880>
uh <00:45:51.240>particularly < - 00:45:51.760>
when <00:45:51.920>the <00:45:52.040>lead exceptions uh particularly - >
are <00:45:55.040>in <00:45:55.240>charge <00:45:55.559>of <00:45:55.760 - support<00:45:58.119>
of <00:45:58.280>the <00:45:58.720>the with the support
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Floor Farewells - 05/18/26
Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Uh,<01:45:08.680>
but <01:45:09.040>anyway, I<01:45:12.240>have <01:45:12.480> <01:45:13.120>- > to
mention <01:45:14.040>a <01:45:14.120>couple <01:45:14.480 - In<01:45:16.320>
that <01:45:16.520>first <01:45:16.840>term, <01:45:17.160>I - And<02:45:02.680>
I <02:45:03.400>must <02:45:03.880>give <02:45:04.120>some< - <02:45:09.480>
I <02:45:09.560>have <02:45:09.720>my <02:45:09.880>LA
Summary:
The meeting was a Senate retirement recognition session held after adjournment sine die, with the presiding officer relaxing decorum so members could speak, applaud, and interact more freely. The chair explained the order of speakers and noted that retiring members would be recognized from their desks, with a plaque presented by Senate leaders and photos taken afterward. The session was framed as a celebration of service for retiring senators and a tribute to staff, families, and colleagues.
Senator Mann spoke first, thanking constituents, family, staff, colleagues, and advocates, and highlighting policy accomplishments such as banning non-compete clauses, wage transparency, breast cancer screening coverage, protections for students, expanded health coverage, pharmacy benefit manager reforms, physician workforce changes, the medication repository program, and paid leave. She also used her remarks to criticize racism, sexism, and broader threats to women’s and people of color’s freedoms, urging civic engagement and warning against erosion of democracy. Senator Tou Xiong followed with a personal farewell centered on his mother’s refugee experience, his family’s sacrifices, and gratitude to mentors and colleagues; he emphasized the value of public service, bipartisan cooperation, and the idea that Minnesota should be a model for the country.
Senator Howe gave a faith-centered retirement speech reflecting on his path from humble beginnings, his family, military and public service, and the importance of humility, justice, mercy, and listening to constituents. Senator Klein looked back on a decade in the chamber, including the pandemic and the George Floyd unrest, and said the Senate’s decorum and relationships endured through difficult times; he cited a bill he helped pass for a child needing a prosthetic blade as an example of the legislature’s best work. Senator Draheim began his remarks by thanking his wife and children and joking about his discomfort with speeches, then described being recruited to run for office despite never seeing himself as a politician.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 1 - 03/21/25
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:45:31.040>
um <00:45:31.839>uh <00:45:32.000>for <00:45:32.560>uh <00: - <00:45:47.359>
Uh <00:45:47.680>and <00:45:47.920>that <00:45:48.160>is - >
as <00:45:53.040>a <00:45:53.280>breath <00:45:53.520>test <00:45:53.760 - station.<00:45:54.960>
Uh <00:45:55.200>so <00:45:55.440>there <00:45:55.599> - <01:45:37.679>
1905 <01:45:38.639>is <01:45:38.960>laid <01:45:39.280>over.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- :04.000>
to <00:45:04.080>be <00:45:04.160>taken <00:45:04.440>care <00:45 - >> Well,<00:45:16.360>
I'm <00:45:16.520>actually <00:45:16.760>glad <00:45 - >
in <00:45:18.160>all <00:45:18.320>of <00:45:18.400>this <00:45:18.720>< - >
going <00:45:19.200>to <00:45:19.240>be <00:45:19.360>some <00:45:19.640 - :20.520>
you <00:45:20.600>know <00:45:20.720>how <00:45:20.960>it <00:45:
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Government Operations held an informational briefing with the State Procurement Office on its small business procurement program. SPO staff described the program’s purpose as expanding access to state contracting for small businesses, including veteran-, Native Hawaiian-, and women-owned firms, and said they are seeking to make the current five-year initiative permanent before it ends in June 2027. They reported outreach efforts, a new website and newsletter, statewide surveys, draft administrative rules, and a 38% increase in small business registrations in the HANS database. They also explained that the program is intended to support outreach, education, certification, compliance, and a statewide database to connect agencies with qualified small businesses.
Committee members focused heavily on whether the program is producing measurable contract awards, not just registrations. The chair and senators questioned the definition of “small business,” noting that SPO currently relies on SBA standards in HANS and is considering a Hawaii-specific definition based on employees, revenue, and Hawaii residency. Members raised concerns that the data showed only a small number of registered businesses receiving awards and that the database does not yet track awards well enough to evaluate performance. SPO responded that the database has had funding gaps, that the position was only filled in February 2025, and that the agency is still building the system and rules needed to track outcomes accurately.
A major theme was how to make the program more effective for very small or “micro” businesses and how to reduce the complexity of state procurement. Members discussed the difference between set-asides and bid preferences, with SPO explaining that set-asides are generally tied to RFPs and preferences to IFBs. The committee suggested that future rules should make participation easier, provide more training and hand-holding, and possibly create pathways for micro businesses or groups of small businesses to bid together. No votes or formal actions were taken; the briefing ended with the committee asking SPO to provide more performance data and clearer information on outreach results and database contents.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- :00.000>
here <00:45:00.599>but <00:45:01.319>um <00:45:01.680>the <00:45: - 00:45:03.280>
is <00:45:03.640>again <00:45:04.240>through <00:45:04.480>the< - <00:45:08.960>
being <00:45:09.240>issued <00:45:09.800>so <00:45:10.400> - >
this <00:45:11.119>to <00:45:11.319>come <00:45:11.480>in <00:45:11.760> - with strict conditions<00:45:12.720>
as <00:45:12.880>to <00:45:13.000>how <00:45
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/11/26
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:45:33.440>
Um <00:45:33.600>an <00:45:33.720>additional <00:45:34.280> - <00:45:39.000>
I'd <00:45:39.240>submit <00:45:39.720>that <00:45:40.360> - <00:45:46.440>
Um <00:45:46.800>and <00:45:47.760>um <00:45:48.120>that - /c><00:45:49.680>
able <00:45:50.080>to <00:45:50.520>any <00:45:51.000>you - /c><00:45:51.840>
a <00:45:51.920>massage <00:45:52.360>therapist <00:45:52.840><
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, January 16, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- sexual<00:45:02.920>
battery <00:45:03.359>and <00:45:03.520>rape <00:45:04.119> of <00:45:05.920>what <00:45:06.040>we <00:45:06.160>should <00:45:06.319- asylum mind<00:45:14.680>
you <00:45:15.079>but <00:45:15.200>a <00:45:15.359> - :45:22.119>
add <00:45:22.640>the <00:45:22.800>kind <00:45:22.960>of <00: - this sentiment<00:45:31.040>
reminding <00:45:31.440>us <00:45:31.640>that <00:45
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 04/07/25
Jobs and Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- Is it date stamp 553 on 45? Madam Chair and Senator, yes, that's correct. Okay. Thank you.
- 2025 5 for the um laws 20 2024 chapter 2025 5 for the um laws 20 2024 chapter 127<00:20:25.919><
- <00:22:33.200>
127 million for the um 2024 chapter 127 million for the um 2024 chapter 127 - <00:48:22.079>
At <00:48:22.240>1:45 <00:48:23.040>p.m. - At 1:45 p.m. and Thank you. Thank you.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - Part 2 - 03/19/26
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- <01:45:41.520>
There <01:45:41.679>is <01:45:41.840>nothing <01:45:42.080> - So<01:45:46.400>
want <01:45:46.560>to <01:45:46.719>make <01:45:46.880>sure< - /c><01:45:47.040>
they <01:45:47.280>are <01:45:47.600>free <01:45:47.840>and - <01:45:51.520>
Just <01:45:51.679>quick <01:45:51.840>follow <01:45:52.000>- I<01:45:52.639>
I <01:45:53.040>guess <01:45:53.199>what <01:45:53.440>I'm - I<01:45:52.639>
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice Feb 18th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Chapter 45, Florida Statutes, provides a statutory process for foreclosure sales that conforms to constitutional
- The clerk of the court is identified in current law as an integral part of a Chapter 45 judicial sale
- This amendment clarifies that a foreclosure sale must be conducted according to Chapter 45 statutory
- This amendment clarifies that a foreclosure sale must be conducted according to Chapter 45 statutory
- , and Chapter 742, paternity proceedings.
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice met with a quorum and took up several bills before returning to the budget and public testimony. CS/SB 600 on bail bonds was explained as revising bail bond agent training, limiting solicitation, clarifying partial release procedures, and directing clerks to automatically discharge certain bonds when detention is ordered; an amendment adjusted cash bond return rules, charitable bail fund treatment, forfeiture remission timing, and clerk procedures. The bill and amendments were adopted, and CS/SB 600 was reported favorably after supportive appearances from clerks and industry stakeholders.
The committee then approved CS/SB 436 on felony battery, which expands qualifying prior offenses for felony reclassification and adds felony battery resulting in bodily injury to prison release offender status, after a technical amendment and supportive testimony from law enforcement. CS/SB 928, known as Missy’s Law, requiring immediate remand to custody upon conviction of dangerous crimes, drew both support and opposition; defense lawyers warned of unintended effects on co-defendants and docket management, while the victim’s family supported the measure. The bill was reported favorably. CS/SB 1332 on career offender registration, requiring more frequent in-person registration and stricter reporting, also passed favorably.
The committee next approved a substitute amendment and then CS/SB 682 on violent criminal offenses, which strengthens domestic violence penalties, electronic monitoring, injunction protections, and related procedures, including military protective orders and body camera use. CS/SB 1072 creating an anti-Semitism task force in the Attorney General’s Office was reported favorably after extensive public debate over definitions, free speech concerns, and representation on the task force; the sponsor said the bill does not criminalize criticism of Israel but addresses threats and intimidation. CS/CS/SB 532 on clerks of the court was also approved, authorizing clerks to retain more revenue and, through amendment, clarifying foreclosure sale procedures and clerk administration of judicial sales.
Finally, the committee heard the criminal and civil justice budget overview, described as a $7.9 billion proposal focused on corrections, juvenile justice, law enforcement, and courts. Public testimony centered heavily on prison conditions, staffing, heat, infrastructure, and inmate care, with speakers urging higher pay, better transparency, and more investment in facilities and air conditioning. The chair announced that SB 1632 and its conforming bill would be temporarily postponed and read into the record the many registered supporters and opponents. The committee then adjourned.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice Feb 18th, 2026
Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice
Transcript Highlights:
- Chapter 45, Florida Statutes, provides a statutory process for foreclosure sales that conforms to constitutional
- The clerk of the court is identified in current law as an integral part of a Chapter 45 judicial sale
- This amendment clarifies that a foreclosure sale must be conducted according to Chapter 45 statutory
- process and ensures... ...closure sale must be conducted according to Chapter 45 statutory process, and
- marriage, and Chapter 742, paternity proceedings.
Keywords:
foreclosure, court clerks, budget management, judicial sales, Florida statutes, bail bonds, pretrial release, forfeiture, criminal justice, bond conditions, surety, attorney fees, litigation costs, court jurisdiction, equitable awards, financial resources, domestic violence, protective injunctions, electronic monitoring, enhanced penalties
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice met to consider several criminal justice and court-related bills, along with the committee’s proposed $7.9 billion budget. The committee first heard and approved CS/SB 600 on bail bonds, as amended to adjust solicitation, cash bond return, forfeiture remission timing, and clerk procedures; CS/SB 436 on felony battery, which expands qualifying prior offenses and was amended to correct a drafting issue; CS/SB 928, “Missy’s Law,” requiring immediate remand to custody after conviction for dangerous crimes; SB 1332 on career offender registration, adding in-person reporting, more detailed registration requirements, and stronger penalties for noncompliance; and CS/SB 682 on violent criminal offenses, a domestic violence measure adopted via a substitute amendment that adds stricter penalties, electronic monitoring, injunction protections, and related procedures. All of those bills were reported favorably.
The committee also approved SB 1072 creating an anti-Semitism task force in the Attorney General’s Office. The bill drew extensive public testimony both for and against, with supporters emphasizing rising anti-Semitic incidents and the need for statewide review, and opponents raising concerns about free speech, the definition of anti-Semitism, and possible conflation of criticism of Israel with hate speech. Senators also discussed the bill’s scope and the IHRA definition before it was reported favorably. In addition, CS/SB 532 on clerks of court was amended to clarify foreclosure sale procedures and funding predictability for clerks, then reported favorably. CS/SB 644 on attorney’s fees, suit money, and costs was also approved after amendments that aligned family-law fee provisions and codified standards for fee awards in dissolution and paternity cases; the sponsor said the bill was intended to curb vexatious litigation and improve consistency across districts.
After the bill actions, the chair summarized the criminal and civil justice budget, describing it as a disciplined proposal that addresses corrections deficits and future inmate growth while funding core public safety needs. The committee then heard substantial public testimony on prison conditions, staffing, pay, heat, infrastructure, and the possibility of reducing prison populations or adding air conditioning in facilities. The chair announced that SB 1632 and its conforming bill SB 1634 would be temporarily postponed to the following week, and the record was supplemented with the names of many people who had registered to speak for or against those bills. The meeting concluded after members were invited to record votes and the committee adjourned.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
AGR Public Hearing - Fri Jan 30, 2026 @ 9:30 AM HST
Agriculture & Food Systems
Transcript Highlights:
- Similar<00:45:01.280>
to <00:45:01.440>the <00:45:01.599>issues <00:45:01.839> - <00:45:07.280>
These <00:45:07.599>issues <00:45:08.000>tend <00:45:08.160> <00:45:18.640>very <00:45:18.880>diffuse <00:45:19.359>base <00:45:19.680> <00:45:36.400>- 45:25.119>
we <00:45:25.280>see <00:45:25.520>in <00:45:25.760>these, <00:As <00:45:36.640>many <00:45:36.880>of <00:45:36.960>the - 45:25.119>
Keywords:
biosecurity, invasive species, Hawaii Invasive Species Council, Department of Land and Natural Resources, appropriation, agriculture, land use, farm dwelling, renewable energy, income qualification, solar energy, geothermal resources, hydropower, agricultural tourism, aquaculture, commercial activity, swine production, Korean natural farming, land leases, Hawaii
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Senate Floor Session-Day 18, March 3, 2026-AM
Wyoming Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- 45.
- You've<00:45:03.680>
heard <00:45:03.839>the <00:45:04.000>reading <00:45:04.160> - <00:45:51.280>
Two <00:45:51.520>years <00:45:51.760>ago, <00:45:52.079>we - We've<00:45:54.720>
already <00:45:54.880>done <00:45:54.960>it <00:45:55.119> - <00:45:56.800>
Two <00:45:57.040>years <00:45:57.200>ago, <00:45:57.520>this
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Education Policy and Administration (02/20/2026)
Education Policy and Administration
Transcript Highlights:
- c><00:45:12.000>
UNH <00:45:12.560>on <00:45:12.720>a <00:45:12.960>on <00 - <00:45:27.119>
My <00:45:27.359>wife <00:45:27.599>gave <00:45:27.839>up< - > our<00:45:31.440>
kids <00:45:32.000>because <00:45:32.240>it <00:45:32.560 - <00:45:35.440>
That's <00:45:35.839>the <00:45:36.079>mindset <00:45:36.560>< - What we do know<00:45:57.680>
is <00:45:58.000>this <00:45:58.400>is <00:45:58.720
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, September 4, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:45:48.640>
Again, <00:45:49.200>almost <00:45:49.520>a <00:45:49.760> - cascading<00:45:54.079>
impacts <00:45:54.640>to <00:45:54.960>America's <00:45: - <02:45:24.960>
You're <02:45:25.200>going <02:45:25.359>to <02:45:25.520> - <02:45:36.800>
That <02:45:37.040>can <02:45:37.279>only <02:45:37.600>mean - There's<03:45:18.880>
an <03:45:19.120>accusation <03:45:19.840>being <03:45
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
TCA-HOU, HOU Public Hearings 02-04-2025
Transcript Highlights:
- :00.160>
will <00:45:00.280>be <00:45:00.400>to <00:45:00.559>pass <00:45: - 2020-32<00:45:11.599>
who <00:45:11.800>are <00:45:12.240>at <00:45:12.400>or - <00:45:12.599>
below <00:45:13.319>140% <00:45:13.839>of <00:45:14.240>Ami to <00:45:22.920>pass <00:45:23.079>with <00:45:23.240>amendments <00:45:- i v chair<00:45:29.160>
votes <00:45:29.559>I <00:45:30.119>Senator <00:45:30.520
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on several housing-related measures, with most witnesses supporting bills aimed at expanding affordable housing tools and financing. SB 1169, creating a Community Land Trust Equity pilot program, drew support from HHFDC and Nahal UI, which said revolving funds would help community land trusts build permanently affordable housing more efficiently. SB 1200, establishing a workforce housing regulatory sandbox within HHFDC, also received support from HHFDC and others, though HHFDC noted concerns about whether the measure could be read to preempt county permitting and zoning powers. SB 511, which would require county legislative bodies rather than HHFDC to approve certain housing project exemptions, prompted HHFDC to suggest revised language and a possible processing deadline for applications; the discussion focused on avoiding indefinite delays and clarifying county and state roles. SB 1283, creating an emergency home loan assistance revolving fund, was introduced with comments from the Department of Budget and Finance and HHFDC. SB 612, on rent-to-build equity agreements for exempt housing projects, drew support and questions about how many affected projects are rentals versus for-sale units. SB 944, extending and expanding low-income housing tax credit provisions, received support from Sugar Creek Capital, Hawaii Housing, and the Chamber of Commerce, while the Tax Foundation raised a technical concern about inconsistent use of the term “taxpayer.” HPHA-supported bills SB 1413 and SB 1412 were also heard, along with SB 1632, which would direct DBEDT to develop a comprehensive action plan for a local housing market; testimony on that measure was strongly supportive but included calls to examine constitutional and legal issues and broader market-structure concerns. The committee also began discussion of SB 1033 and noted it was closely related to SB 1131, with the chair indicating an inclination to move only one of the two similar tax proposals forward.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- section uh first special session chapter section uh first special session chapter 14<00:07:48.240
- :00.640>
and <00:45:00.880>then <00:45:02.160>um the federal federal deadline and - <00:45:04.400>
122 starting at line 122 starting at line 122 um<00:45:06.560>it <00 - :45:06.880>
defines um it defines um it defines um<00:45:09.280>specifically <00:45:10.000 - >
now <00:45:11.359>uh <00:45:12.000>what <00:45:13.359>um Um, specifically