Video & Transcript Research : 'environmental engineering'
Page 88 of 392
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the director of public works and city engineer for the city of Crystal.
- the American Society of Civil Engineers the American Society of Civil Engineers estimated<00:36:
- and and a couple of the engineering and and a couple of the engineering trade<00:39:58.640>
associations - She was told to proceed with the presentation. engineers, contractors engineers, contractors is<00:51
- >
conditions The climate and environmental conditions The climate and environmental conditions
Keywords:
HF4470, Melissa Hortman, memorial, statue, memorial garden, State Office Building, Capitol Mall Design Framework, capital investment, appropriation, Capitol Area Architectural and Planning Board, Department of Administration, public art, commemorative monument, landscaping, artist selection, family consultation, Minnesota legislature, state building site, capital appropriation, political subdivisions
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 2/10/25 - Part 2
Transportation Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- I've heard from county engineers that is a concern and should be as much a concern as any reductions
- <00:20:46.520>
that <00:20:46.640>is I've heard from County Engineers that is I've - <00:46:40.559>
here programs Transportation Engineers here programs Transportation Engineers - the laborers Operating Engineers the laborers Operating Engineers Carpenters<00:48:03.760>
iron - Protection at 12:30 today Environmental Protection at 12:30 today I<00:52:29.599>
sent <00:52:
Bills:
HF5
Keywords:
tax modification, transportation funding, electric vehicle tax, Social Security subtraction, retail delivery fee, motor vehicle registration, state budget, transportation policy, 1183, house
Summary:
The Transportation Committee resumed consideration of House File 5, which would reduce transportation-related revenues while also providing tax relief, including a subtraction for Social Security income, elimination of the delivery fee, and a cap on automatic gas tax indexing. The committee adopted the A1 author’s amendment, which added the phrase “using existing resources,” and then proceeded to public testimony. Representative Joy described the bill as making Minnesota more affordable, while several members and testifiers raised concerns about the impact on transportation funding and road maintenance.
MnDOT Commissioner Nancy Doppenberg testified that reductions in planned transportation investments would worsen pavement, bridge, and roadway conditions, reduce construction projects and jobs, and add to an already large funding gap. Committee discussion focused on the estimated revenue losses from the bill, including about $45 million in fiscal year 2026 and $55 million annually from repealing the delivery fee, plus additional losses from capping gas tax indexing, for a combined transportation revenue reduction of about $131 million in the 2026-27 biennium. Members also asked about bridge aesthetics, paint, transit impacts, and whether other mandates and cost increases should be considered alongside revenue reductions.
Supporters of the delivery fee repeal, including the Minnesota Grocers Association and Minnesota Retailers Association, argued the fee is costly to administer, confusing to consumers, and disproportionately burdens small businesses and lower-income or disabled consumers who rely on delivery. The Minnesota Association of Townships and the Minnesota Transportation Alliance emphasized that rural and local governments face major road and bridge funding needs and warned that reducing revenue would shift costs to property taxpayers or leave projects unfunded. No final vote on the bill was taken in the portion of the meeting provided; the committee continued with testimony and member questions.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- <03:59:31.680>
Services Department of Environmental Services Department of Environmental Services - c> which<04:13:24.080>
will environmental protection bill which will environmental protection - Environmental protection is critical.
- Environmental protection is critical.
- environmental regulations. environmental regulations.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Transportation Committee Sep 8th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- entire state of California's economy, given the significant importance of the Bay Area as an economic engine
- Jordan Grimes, on behalf of environmental nonprofit Greenbelt Alliance, as well as a lifelong San Mateo
- Good afternoon, Chair of Members, Jordan Grimes, on behalf of environmental nonprofit Greenbelt Alliance
- San Mateo is the economic engine of California.
Summary:
The Assembly Transportation Committee heard SB 63 by Senator Wiener, as amended and coauthored by Senator Arreguín, a Bay Area transit funding measure intended to avert major service cuts at BART, Muni, Caltrain, and AC Transit. The authors said the region faces a fiscal cliff and that without new revenue, BART could collapse and other systems could face severe reductions. They described the bill as the product of extensive negotiations among the five Bay Area counties and transit operators, with San Mateo and Santa Clara counties opting in during the process.
Much of the discussion focused on accountability and governance. Supporters said the bill includes some of the strongest oversight provisions in recent memory, including a third-party efficiency review and ad hoc adjudication committees that can withhold a portion of funding if operators fail to correct problems. Assembly Member Papin and Assembly Member Lackey argued the measure amounts to a taxpayer bailout with insufficient representation and too much control left to MTC, while the authors responded that the bill gives affected counties direct complaint and enforcement authority and that MTC must follow the ad hoc committees’ recommendations. Several members asked about complaint procedures, withholding thresholds, opt-in/opt-out issues, and whether the funding would return to the source counties if withheld.
Testimony in support came from SPUR, Caltrain, MTC, the Bay Area Council, BART, SamTrans, VTA, San Francisco MTA, transit coalitions, environmental groups, local governments, and labor. Supporters emphasized the risk of severe service cuts, the importance of preserving recent investments such as Caltrain electrification, and the need for regional self-help. There was no registered opposition witness, though some members spoke against the bill. The committee ultimately voted 11-5 to pass SB 63 as amended to the floor, with the committee amendments also removing urgency language.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
Senate - Health and Public Affairs Feb 3rd, 2025
Senate Health & Public Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- My name is Sarah Hertoghe, and I'm a wildlife biologist with a master's degree in environmental science
- My name is David Gatterman, and I am the Executive Engineer for the Southern Sandoval County Arroyo Flood
- them an alternative to be able to fund both improvements in the storm. water utilities as well as environmental
- was one of the issues down in Florida was the entities that come in, and then they do their own engineering
NY
New York 2025-2026 Regular Session
New York State Senate Session - 05/27/2026
New York Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- DEIS is a Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
- The other source of funding is in the original Environmental Bond Act that was passed a few years ago
- WHICH WAS WHY WHEN WE CREATED The Environmental Bond Act, we insisted that there be money for local dam
- Their website shows that they focused pretty much on a lot of the energy issues and environmental issues
- SO WE'VE GOT $4 MILLION FOR WE ACT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE.
Summary:
The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and an invocation, then approved the prior day’s Journal and moved into motions, resolutions, and budget-related business. Senator Gianaris called up Senate Print 5898A for reconsideration; the Senate voted 59 ayes to restore the bill to the third reading calendar. Several amendments were also received on third-reading bills, and the Finance Committee was called into session while the chamber proceeded with resolutions.
The Senate adopted Resolution J.2106 recognizing Second Chance Month and the mental health impacts of incarceration, with Senator Brisport speaking in support and a guest from the community recognized in the chamber. The body also adopted Resolution J.1492 designating May 27, 2026, as Taiwan Heritage Day, with remarks from Senators Sepúlveda, Stavisky, and Liu highlighting Taiwanese contributions to New York and expressing support for Taiwan amid current geopolitical tensions. The Finance Committee then reported several budget bills, including Senate Prints 9003D, 9004D, 9007C, and 9009C, which were moved to third reading.
The remainder of the session focused on the supplemental and controversial budget calendars, especially tax and spending provisions. Senators debated the “Protecting Our Wallets” energy rebate, with supporters describing it as a one-time check for eligible taxpayers and critics arguing it was too small and not tied directly to utility bills; the chamber accepted the message of necessity and laid the bills aside. Members also debated extensions and changes to tax provisions affecting corporations, alternative fuel exemptions, Broadway and theatrical production tax credits, charitable deductions for certain 501(c)(3)s, nicotine pouch taxes, a new New York City pied-à-terre tax, and a standardbred horse-racing testing fee. Several senators criticized the budget as raising costs or favoring certain industries, while supporters defended the measures as revenue-raising, affordability, or public-health policies. No final votes on the controversial budget bills are shown in the excerpt beyond procedural rulings, adoption of the resolution calendar, and acceptance of committee reports.
NH
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
House Chamber Fri May 8, 2026, 10:00AM HST - Day 58
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- And I have my environmental legislative assistant, Maria Christensen.
- HB 1823 undermines these core environmental values.
- slope of undermining HS 205 and future environmental impacts.
- Development needs to happen in a smart, culturally sensitive, and environmentally sound way.
- And I'd like to adopt the words of the chair of environmental energy and environmental protection as
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, May 20, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- rule submitted by the Environmental rule submitted by the Environmental Protection<02:18:02.719>
- It's not only unfair, but it discourages environmental progress.
- c> progress made substantial environmental progress made substantial environmental progress in<02
- <02:26:33.439>
extremists with appeasing environmental extremists with appeasing environmental - improvement and aligns environmental improvement and aligns environmental goals<02:37:10.960>
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:41:32.000>
Um <00:41:32.640>in obtaining careers in engineering. - Um in obtaining careers in engineering.
- around environmental health issues following the August 8th wildfire on Maui.
- <01:00:36.799>
Health National Center for Environmental Health National Center for Environmental - <01:00:39.680>
health <01:00:39.920>issues <01:00:40.559>following environmental
Summary:
The Judiciary Committee held an informational briefing on the State of Hawaii’s affirmative litigation against the federal administration, with no public testimony. Attorney General Lopez and deputies said the office’s goal is to enforce the rule of law, not make partisan points, and noted that Hawaii is involved in 27 ongoing cases. They grouped the cases into four broad areas: immigration, funding freezes and grant terminations, federal agency dismantling/reductions in force, and protecting elections, health, and safety.
Several immigration-related cases were discussed in detail. These included a challenge to the federal sharing of Medicaid data with DHS for immigration enforcement, a similar challenge to USDA’s demand for SNAP applicant and recipient data, and litigation over immigration-enforcement conditions attached to federal grants. The office also described the birthright citizenship executive order, saying it conflicts with the 14th Amendment and Supreme Court precedent; lower courts granted preliminary relief, and the U.S. Supreme Court later addressed only the scope of nationwide injunctions, not the merits. In the Department of Transportation case, the court granted a preliminary injunction against the “Duffy directive,” finding the immigration conditions lacked statutory authority, were arbitrary and capricious, and violated the Spending Clause and APA.
The briefing also covered multiple funding disputes. In the education funding freeze case, the Department of Education and OMB withheld about $6 billion in formula funds, including roughly $33 million for Hawaii; after suit was filed, the funds were released. Other cases included the termination of over $11 billion in public health grants, which affected Hawaii Department of Health grants, the NIH indirect cost cap case, and NIH grant terminations tied to DEI, transgender issues, and vaccine hesitancy. The speakers said some cases have already resulted in preliminary or permanent injunctions, while others remain on appeal or are still being litigated.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Labor and Employment Committee Jun 24th, 2026
Labor and Employment
Transcript Highlights:
- Chloe Shea, on behalf of California Environmental Voters, in support, also expressing support for Environmental
- CEQA is an environmental review statute.
- CEQA is an environmental review statute.
- We're not opposed to environmental guardrails.
- And look, you know, ultimately California is still the nation's economic engine.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
FIN Info Briefing - Mon Jan 13, 2025 @ 9:00 AM HST
Hawaii House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- <01:55:26.119>
even a civil or structural engineer even a civil or structural engineer even that <01:55:29.280>request electric engineer um so that request electric engineer um so- engineering engineering um<02:06:14.800>
new <02:06:15.119>salary um new salary um new - And then later we expanded for environmental purposes, where we started subsidizing environmental purposes
- expanded for to um environmental expanded for to um environmental purposes<05:16:15.520>
where
Summary:
The House Finance Committee held an informational briefing with the University of Hawaiʻi, led by new President Wendy Hensel and Vice President for Budget and Finance Calbert Young. Hensel outlined the university system’s scope, student demographics, research activity, and campus missions, emphasizing four strategic priorities: serving Native Hawaiians and Hawaiʻi, student success, workforce development, and economic diversification through innovation and research. She highlighted the system’s enrollment, research funding, and the roles of Mānoa, Hilo, West Oʻahu, the community colleges, and specialized institutions such as JABSOM and the Cancer Center.
Young then reviewed the budget request, focusing largely on making prior one-time appropriations permanent and supporting recurring needs. Items included funding for Mānoa athletics, the Hawaiʻi Institute for Marine Biology, K-12 teacher education, Pamantasan Council support, Hilo programs, Windward’s mental health technician certificate, Maui’s practical nursing bridge program, and student support positions such as financial aid and admissions counselors. He also described workforce-related requests tied to nursing expansion at Mānoa and West Oʻahu, as well as facilities support at West Oʻahu.
A major portion of the testimony addressed the university’s two Kakaʻako medical facilities. Young explained that declining tobacco settlement and cigarette tax revenues are no longer sufficient to cover debt service for JABSOM and the Cancer Center, so the governor’s budget includes general fund support to supplement those obligations. He also described a regents-approved request not included in the governor’s proposal: expanding the Hawaiʻi Promise financial aid program to the four-year campuses, estimated at about $11–12 million. No votes or formal committee actions were taken during the briefing.
NY
New York 2025-2026 Regular Session
New York State Senate Session - 05/06/2026
New York Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- He is a veteran of the United States Army and the 204th National Guard Engineer Battalion, INTRODUCTION
- HE IS A VETERAN OF UNITED STATES ARMY AND THE 204 NATIONAL GUARD ENGINEER BATTALION, Mr.
- It is a major economic engine.
- It is a major economic engine.
- Calendar 843, Senate Print 1609, Senator Harckham, an act to amend the Environmental Conservation Law
Summary:
The Senate convened with prayer, approved the journal, and welcomed several guest groups, including Saugerties student government officers, the Marlboro High School boys bowling state champions, a civics group, a National Guard/9-11 responder advocate, family members honoring Salvador Vizcarrondo Jr., architecture professionals, correctional officers and employees, and small business representatives. Members also offered resolutions recognizing Architecture Week, Correctional Officers and Employees Week, and Small Business Week, along with tributes to community leaders and student achievements.
The chamber then took up a series of bills on the non-controversial calendar, passing measures on education leave for incarcerated people, utility interconnection study, property tax exemption, alcohol regulation, executive law, school drill requirements, victim sentencing rights, public health, public officers, public authorities, election law, environmental conservation, veterans/homeland security, labor, and other topics. Several bills were laid aside. Some measures drew brief explanations of vote, including concerns about school safety drills, correctional staffing and safety, and a victims’ rights bill that one senator said mirrored an earlier version he had carried.
The most extended debate centered on the 21st Century Antitrust Act (Calendar 879), with supporters arguing it would modernize antitrust enforcement against dominant firms, especially big tech, and opponents warning it would create vague standards, invite private lawsuits, and harm small and rural businesses. Another debated bill (Calendar 818) would restrict sharing of utility consumption data with police; supporters framed it as a privacy measure requiring normal legal process, while opponents said it would hinder law enforcement while still allowing state regulators access. Both bills were ultimately restored to the non-controversial calendar and passed, and the Senate adjourned until the next day.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure
Transcript Highlights:
- I just want to talk about the fact that we have always collaborated as a practice with engineers.
- We share in the responsibility with our industry partners such as architects, engineers, and general
- And right now that's architects, landscape architects, and engineers.
- And right now that's architects, landscape architects, and engineers.
- And right now that's architects, landscape architects, and engineers.
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure heard testimony on several real estate, housing, and consumer protection bills. A major portion of the hearing focused on bills to create licensure for commercial interior designers (H.324/S.254), with supporters from the architecture and interior design fields arguing the measure would recognize a distinct profession, expand permitting authority for qualified designers, improve public safety, and remove barriers to firm ownership and public contracting. Witnesses said the proposal had been redrafted through collaboration among interior designers, architects, engineers, and building officials, and Senator Gomez said the Senate had passed the bill previously and hoped to advance it again. The committee also heard support for H.450 on solar customer protections, with solar companies backing standardized disclosures, a consumer brochure, a longer rescission period, and sales registration requirements as consumer safeguards that would not materially disrupt business operations.
The committee then took testimony on H.431/S.245, a bill to end housing discrimination in the Commonwealth. Senator Gomez, fair housing advocates, and several renters described alleged discrimination against Black renters and voucher holders, citing testing data and personal experiences. They said the bill would strengthen enforcement by linking court findings to temporary license suspensions, require fair housing training, increase public reporting, and add board representation with fair housing or voucher-holder experience. A real estate appraisers representative also supported S.196, which would make appraisal licensure mandatory in Massachusetts, arguing that home valuation should be done by licensed professionals.
A substantial part of the hearing addressed broker-fee and rental-timing bills, including H.335, H.336, H.374, H.224, and H.449. Supporters of the broker-fee changes argued that tenants should not be charged fees when the landlord hired the broker, while opponents warned the language could restrict tenant representation and harm small landlords, students, and the rental market. Several witnesses opposed the 90-day lease-signing window in H.336, saying it would compress the September rental cycle, worsen competition, and make it harder for students and out-of-state renters to secure housing. The chairs noted that broker fees had already been addressed in the state budget, and the hearing concluded with no votes on the bills, only the close of testimony and an announcement that the committee would not hold another hearing until later in the year.
NM
Transcript Highlights:
- We did work with environmental organizations and advocates.
- David Quintana, Chief Engineer and MDOT. Um, that's a great question.
- The district engineers create the list.
- I don't know if you've met with your district engineers, but every time I meet with mine, they show me
- The district engineers do know what their priorities are, working with their staff, their maintenance
Bills:
SB2
Keywords:
SB 2, State Highway Project Bonds, highway funding, transportation bonds, state road fund, motor vehicle fees, vehicle registration fees, electric vehicle fee, EV surcharge, plug-in hybrid fee, weight distance tax, road construction, infrastructure financing, Department of Transportation, State Transportation Commission, bonding authority, county road funds, municipal road funds, transportation improvement program, state highways
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Appropriations Committee Jan 22nd, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- So imagine that this engine that's already really running here in California having this ability.
- And now we would go to the first bill, AB 405 Addis, the Fashion Environmental Accountability Act, holding
- AB 405 Addis, the Fashion Environmental Accountability Act, holding committee.
Summary:
The Assembly Appropriations Committee met on January 22, 2026, for its regular order hearing and suspense-file hearing. In regular order, the committee approved consent-calendar bills AB 683, AB 763, AB 1126, and AB 1278 on unanimous due-pass motions, and AB 34 and AB 442 on a second unanimous due-pass motion. The committee then heard and advanced several bills, including AB 35, which would create an APA exemption for Proposition 4-funded programs to speed implementation of water, wildfire, energy-storage, and grid-support projects; AB 748, establishing pre-approved housing programs for local agencies; AB 939, allowing immediate transfer of certain affordable homeownership units to qualified nonprofit housing organizations; AB 643, adding a narrow organic-waste-derived agricultural fertilizer product to SB 1383 procurement options; and AB 96, removing the high school diploma requirement for certified Medi-Cal peer support specialists. Testimony on these bills was largely supportive, with sponsors and coalition representatives emphasizing reduced delays, lower costs, and improved housing, environmental, or behavioral-health outcomes. The Department of Finance offered general budget comments but no bill-specific positions. The committee voted the bills out, with AB 643 and AB 96 receiving no recorded opposition in the transcript and AB 939 passing with some members noting support and interest in coauthoring.
The committee also received a presentation-only discussion of AB 1091, a proposal to authorize eight-letter specialty license plates, which the author said could generate revenue for rural programs such as the Williamson Act; the bill was not acted on at that time. After public comment, the committee moved to the suspense-file hearing on 53 bills. Using a substituted motion for due-pass and due-pass-with-amendments items, the committee held some bills and advanced many others, often with amendments that narrowed scope, deleted provisions, or required reports or studies. Bills held in committee included AB 405, AB 298, AB 333, AB 296, AB 1091, AB 1241, and AB 577, among others. The committee reported moving 43 bills to the Assembly floor, with several on A roll calls and others on B roll calls or with amendments, and noted that amendment language would be posted later online.
FL
Florida 2026 4th Special Session
January 13, 2026 - 01:00 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- Governments are forced to replace them with engineered solutions that are sometimes far more expensive
- I am the only licensed engineer in the Florida House or the Senate, and this happens to be an area of
- any part of the buffer or the wetland with regard to the presentation of the application for an Environmental
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 3/10/25
Transportation Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- So it's things like value engineering or kind of changing the footprint of a project to save money on
- <00:18:56.200>
or so it's things like value engineering or so it's things like value engineering - You know, maybe the environmental standards that we're trying to mitigate—maybe that's going to be a
- know maybe maybe the the environmental know maybe maybe the the environmental standards<00:27:06.279
- I’m Joel Mueller with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen.
Keywords:
Northern Lights Express, NLX, Minneapolis-Duluth rail, passenger rail, intercity passenger rail, high-speed rail, Duluth, Minneapolis, MnDOT, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Council, transportation funding, rail appropriation, general fund, trunk highway fund, rail project cancellation, infrastructure spending, commercial driver training, CDL, financial assistance
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- transportation, and environmental transportation, and environmental impact.<00:55:22.000>
Make - Jobs start at $21 for the lowest people on the assembly line up to six figures for engineers.
- Jobs start at $21 for the lowest people on the assembly line up to six figures for engineers.
- Jobs start at $21 for the lowest people on the assembly line up to six figures for engineers.
- They have over 400 engineers at SIG who pride themselves on providing quality and safety.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
February 13, 2025 - 09:00 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- way to get to a point where we can realize a goal of ours, which is to become Florida's premier engineering
- And now we are here in Florida as a major economic engine for Central Florida.
- the institution, which is finding new knowledge, is getting to a point where we are becoming the engine
- There's commercialization costs associated with it, research and development funds, environmental health
- There's commercialization costs associated with it, research and development funds, environmental health
Summary:
The Higher Education Budget Subcommittee met to hear an overview of State University System finances from the Board of Governors and detailed budget presentations from Florida State University, the University of Central Florida, and the University of North Florida. The witnesses explained how university budgets are organized into fund categories such as education and general, contracts and grants, auxiliaries, local/designated funds, capital projects, and component units such as direct support organizations. They also described carry forward funds, the statutory reserve and spending-plan requirements, the PICO/HECO capital outlay process, and how universities use investment accounts, audits, and board oversight to manage restricted and unspent funds. The universities emphasized that most operating dollars are restricted to specific uses and that state support helps keep tuition low.
Members asked about differences in funding levels among institutions, especially why FSU receives more funding than UCF despite lower enrollment. Officials said preeminence funding, performance funding, and special legislative appropriations explain much of the difference, and the Board of Governors noted that Florida now has four preeminent universities, with UCF nearing that status. Questions also focused on what happens to unspent carry forward money, how it is invested, and whether the Board of Governors or Legislature can require funds to be returned; officials said the money is invested conservatively, subject to board and audit oversight, and can roll forward under a detailed spending plan, though the Legislature can change funding levels. The committee also discussed capital projects, with members asking about delays, inflation, and whether more projects should be phased or funded faster; witnesses said PICO funds remain with the state until needed and are reimbursed as construction proceeds.
A substantial portion of the discussion covered athletics, research, student fees, and endowments. The universities said athletics is generally expected to be self-supporting, though limited use of auxiliary or carry forward funds may be allowed for projects benefiting the broader student body. They also described the financial pressures from name, image, and likeness changes and new NCAA-related costs, and said institutions are planning for those changes now. On research, the universities explained sponsored research funding, indirect cost recovery, compliance obligations, and tech transfer, but did not provide specific commercialization revenue figures and said they would follow up. Members also asked about student fee increases, student input, counseling and wellness funding, and how housing costs affect affordability; the universities said student committees and boards review fees, and aid packaging is intended to keep student debt low. Endowments were described as being held in separate foundations/DSOs with independent investment committees and used mainly for scholarships, faculty support, and research.