Video & Transcript Research : 'Library Freedom Act'
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MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Higher Education Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Higher Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Fitchburg State is already acting boldly.
- I am here in support of House 1421, an act establishing the John F. Kennedy...
- I am here in support of House 1421, an act establishing the John F.
- Well, I know there are bachelor's degrees in library science, but I don't...
- I know there are bachelor's degrees in library science, but I don't...
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Higher Education heard testimony on a wide range of bills touching student access, campus safety, and institutional support. Early testimony focused on H. 4544, which would create a state Hispanic-serving institution designation to replace a lost federal designation and potentially allow future funding. Representative Kushmerek and Fitchburg State President Donna Hodge described Fitchburg’s growing Latino student population, the university’s local commitments such as the Fitchburg Promise, and argued the bill would help the institution better serve its community. Committee members asked about how the tuition-free local program is financed, and the bill was described as having no immediate funding request but allowing for future appropriations.
The committee also heard support for H. 1421, a proposed John F. Kennedy Service Scholarship Program for Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, and Commonwealth Corps alumni, with Representative Arena DeRosa arguing that student debt discourages service and that the program would help make citizen service more accessible to lower- and moderate-income students. Members raised questions about cost, take-up, and whether the program should be capped. H. 1449, dealing with transcript withholding, drew support from Representative LeBoeuf and USPyre’s Demi Stoltz, who said withholding transcripts over small balances or non-academic fees traps students and harms workforce participation; members discussed how schools could still collect debts without blocking transcripts. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to improve study-abroad safety reporting, with Carrie Pascarello urging a centralized data system after multiple student deaths and serious incidents abroad, and members asking about how other states handle similar transparency measures.
Another major topic was H. 4113 on higher education sexual misconduct. Laura G. and Ashley Freeman supported a proposal aimed at preventing “passing the harasser” by requiring disclosure of substantiated findings or departures during open investigations in hiring processes. They said the bill would improve transparency and campus safety while preserving due process, and noted Washington State has a similar law. Members discussed whether the bill should be expanded to K-12 settings and asked about the Washington model’s effectiveness. The committee also heard from Mike Canavan of AFT Massachusetts in support of a bill to create a grant program for librarians to earn a master’s in library science, noting the credential is required for the profession but is not offered by any public institution in Massachusetts. No votes were taken, and the hearing concluded after all scheduled witnesses testified.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Finance Division I (03/25/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- State library. Right. So, this is here? State library. Right.
- Wait on the library. We don't wait on the library. Yeah.
- the banning of books in libraries. the banning of books in libraries.
- library. Correct. library. Correct. Um,<02:03:35.040>
no. - acted on every acted on We have we've acted on every acted on all<02:27:35.600>
the <02:27:35.840
Summary:
The committee worked through a series of budget amendments, mostly to House Bill 2 and related House Bill 1 changes, with members discussing whether to reduce or preserve funding for various programs. Early actions included approving an amendment to House Bill 219 that delays implementation of renewable energy-related provisions to 2027, and approving an amendment that removes a $150,000 appropriation tied to a housing-related database while allowing use of housing fund money for the project. The committee also approved an amendment affecting magistrates so they could continue pretrial and other judicial support work, while noting they would not handle bail and that the change reflected separate legislation already signed by the governor.
Members then approved a series of administrative savings items in the Department of Administrative Services, including eliminating a long-vacant computer analyst position and reducing overtime and recruiting/subscription-tool budgets. They also approved an amendment cutting marketing and administrative support for the paid family leave program, with members emphasizing that the program itself would continue. A proposed cut to the WorkInvest NH program was discussed at length, with some members arguing it benefits workers and employers and others noting the cost is borne by employers; the committee ultimately set that item aside without taking action. The committee also debated and then approved a modest reduction to a BEA regional planning grant, despite objections that regional planning commissions provide valuable municipal support.
The most extended discussion centered on the State Library. Representative Sweeney said he did not want to pursue a full cut of the library and instead favored a more targeted approach, noting that some federal funding for library services such as interlibrary loans and the Libby system may be at risk. Members discussed alternatives, including unfilled positions and other partial reductions, but no final action on the full library cut was taken in the portion provided. The committee also paused on some other items to gather more information before voting.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee Apr 21st, 2026
Natural Resources and Water
Transcript Highlights:
- that act, we provided no fees.
- The problem we have is that the way that the Coastal Act is framed, the Coastal Act feels that they have
- Act without making other changes created this new imbalance in the act.
- The Mello Act, without making other changes, created a new imbalance in the act that has led to some
- With the Mello Act having changed the act, we're seeking here to give the commission the opportunity
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee Apr 21st, 2026
Natural Resources and Water
Transcript Highlights:
- that act, we provided no fees.
- that act, we provided no fees and no funding to the department to implement that act.
- I think, as you know, and we spoke about this, the Mello Act explicitly took The Mello Act explicitly
- Act without making other changes created this new imbalance in the act.
- now, with the Mello Act having changed the act.
Summary:
The committee heard SB 1393, an omnibus update to the Fish and Game Code covering steelhead trout and Dungeness crab management. The author and supporters said the bill would strengthen the steelhead trout report card program, extend and refine Dungeness crab management, and clarify vessel transit rules in closed crab fishing areas. The Nature Conservancy, Trout Unlimited, and other supporters said the measure implements long-standing task force recommendations and supports both conservation and coastal fishing communities. There was no opposition, and the bill was moved forward on a 4-0 vote to Appropriations.
The committee also heard SB 1250, which would require Caltrans to incorporate wildlife connectivity into transportation planning and asset management, set performance targets, and coordinate with wildlife agencies. Supporters from conservation, animal welfare, land trust, and local government groups said the bill would reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions, improve public safety, and better integrate crossings, culverts, and fencing into routine highway projects. The California Building Industry Association moved to a neutral position after amendments clarified the bill would apply to transportation right-of-way planning and not create exactions on private property. Members discussed the bill’s relationship to Caltrans planning authority and existing funding, and it was passed to Appropriations on a 4-0 vote.
Senator Gonzalez’s SB 1268, which would codify the state’s Outdoors for All initiative, also received broad support from environmental justice, conservation, parks, and recreation groups. Testimony emphasized inequitable access to parks and nature, especially for low-income communities and communities of color, and said the bill would make the initiative more durable by placing it in statute. The chair and members spoke in favor of expanding outdoor access, and the bill was approved on a 3-0 vote with some members not yet voting.
The committee then heard three Western Joshua tree bills from Senator Ochoa Bogh. SB 1061 would streamline relocation of limited numbers of trees without fees in certain cases; SB 1062 would require proportionate or tiered mitigation fees for public utilities and agencies; and SB 1063 would create an expedited, fee-free permitting path for basic residential utility and wildfire-hardening projects. Supporters, including local water agencies, counties, and farm and business groups, said the current law imposes heavy costs on desert residents and ratepayers. Opponents, including wildlife and conservation organizations, argued the bills would weaken protections for a species they said is threatened by climate change and habitat loss, and noted that existing administrative processes are already addressing fees and permitting. After amendments, opposition was withdrawn on SB 1061 and SB 1062, and both bills advanced on 3-0 votes to Appropriations; SB 1063 remained under discussion in the portion provided.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- city manager and the head of our library city manager and the head of our library felt<00:56:40.799
- It includes information regarding the library cards and library membership status.
- It includes information regarding the library cards and library membership status.
- >
and <01:01:23.359>library <01:01:23.680>membership the library cards and library - membership the library cards and library membership status.<01:01:25.040>
I'm <01:01:25.200>
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:42:31.119>
can <00:42:31.280>come Library. um a library patron can come Library - back in the library. back in the library.
- So we have about 35 libraries<00:47:13.280>
that libraries that libraries that >> So<00: - to the library. Right. to the library. Right.
- So she acts as legal counsel? >> She does not act as legal counsel.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
EDN Public Hearing - Thu Mar 19, 2026 @ 2:00 PM HST
Transcript Highlights:
- The libraries have power and authority over libraries. It's in chapter 312.
- It's clear that the libraries belong to the libraries, and they manage it.
- /c><00:26:51.919>
libraries <00:26:52.320>and the libraries belong to libraries and the - library sits on in your mind. library sits on in your mind.
- the 2016 act by the legislature. the 2016 act by the legislature.
Summary:
The committee on Education met on March 19 and moved through several bills under time pressure, hearing mostly brief testimony. SB 2024 SD2 and SB 896 SD2, both concerning public-private partnerships for charter school facilities, drew support from the Department of Education, the Charter School Commission, White Kids Can, and Hawaii Technology Academy. DOE said any P3 model should apply only to charter schools on private land and not affect public schools on DOE land. Supporters argued the approach could speed construction, reduce costs, and keep public money in public assets, while UPW and HGA raised concerns about privatization. In response, SFA said the intent was to mirror the existing conversion charter school model, with public ownership of assets and unionized staff, and noted some regions have waited years for schools.
SB 2613 SD1 on TMK transfers was heard next. DOE said the bill had originally been supported as part of the governor’s package but was amended to require DOE to convey lands for 13 libraries on DOE property, which DOE said would create “donut holes” in campuses and was unnecessary because existing agreements already govern library use. The State Public Library System supported the bill, saying it has long coexisted with DOE but needs clearer separation and more reliable control over its sites. The Attorney General’s office said the library system currently lacks express statutory authority to own real property and flagged implementation issues because some of the affected parcels are not currently owned by DOE. Committee members questioned both sides about current agreements, communication, and how the bill would change operations.
SB 494 SD2, concerning charter school audits, received comments from the Charter School Commission, which said the bill was redundant because charter schools already undergo annual audits during the term of their contracts. The Office of the Auditor was also present. SB 2391 SD2, relating to automatic pay increases for teachers, drew strong opposition from the Office of Collective Bargaining, which said step movement and longevity increases are negotiated in each contract and do not automatically carry over when a contract expires; it warned the bill could affect upcoming negotiations with HSTA. HSTA and several other supporters argued the bill would standardize annual step movement, improve retention, and reflect existing contract language. No votes or final actions were taken in the portion of the meeting provided.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Informal House Session 71 Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- An act establishing a sick leave bank for Anest, An act establishing a sick leave bank for Anna C.
- An act amending the special legislation establishing the Acton Memorial Library, House No. 4173.
- And an act relative to the Ayer Library, House No. 4174.
- An act relative to the Ayer Library, House No. 4174.
- Waltham Free Public Library, House No. 4137.
Summary:
The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and a gubernatorial message recommending legislation to preserve and advance Massachusetts competitiveness in discovery, research, and innovation, which was referred to the Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies. The House also adopted a Rules Committee order extending the reporting deadline for the Committee on Telecommunications, Utilities, and Energy to December 3, 2025.
Members then took up several local and special bills, including measures concerning the recall of elected officers in Sharon, wastewater treatment in Sandwich, a sick leave bank for Anna C. Contreras, an increased income limit for the Clause 41A senior tax deferral program in Ipswich, and Acton bills on checkout bag charges, police and fire residency limits, and the Acton Memorial Library. These bills were ordered to a third reading. The House also passed to engrossment bills recognizing Machado Joseph Disease Awareness Day, authorizing Waltham to establish a Millennium Fund for its public library, and authorizing Wellesley to dissolve its housing development corporation.
The House then considered House No. 972, authorizing the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority to supply water to the Linfield Water Center Water District. The bill received an emergency preamble, which was adopted by division, and the bill was then passed to be enacted. The House also adopted an order to adjourn to meet again Thursday at 11 a.m., and then adjourned.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Public Health Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Public Health
Transcript Highlights:
- Next, S. 2579, An Act Toxic-Free Medical Devices in Act of 2025, relative to those devices, filed by
- Next, in act moving to S. 1605, an act establishing statewide food truck regulations, Ryan Margulis.
- States need to act now because we predict that the U.S. Congress will not act on it.
- These acts use a similar definition, which is appropriate.
- Hogan and Senator Seer, and an act relative to...
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Public Health held a lengthy hearing to take testimony on a wide range of bills related to environmental health, PFAS, medical device chemicals, food access, lead poisoning, air quality, oral health, and school food additives. Chair Driscoll and Chair Decker emphasized that the hearing was for testimony only, no decisions would be made that day, and that written testimony could still be submitted. They also noted the high volume of speakers and asked witnesses to keep remarks brief.
A major portion of the hearing focused on PFAS-related legislation, including bills to restrict PFAS in products and food packaging and to create a PFAS remediation trust fund. Municipal officials and advocates described the high costs of PFAS cleanup, especially for drinking water systems, citing Easton’s multimillion-dollar treatment investments and rate increases. Testimony from legislators and advocates argued that Massachusetts should act despite federal uncertainty, and that the state should stop PFAS at the source rather than leaving municipalities and residents to pay for remediation. The committee also heard strong support for a bill banning DEHP in medical devices, with physicians, nurses, and a bill sponsor saying the chemical can leach from IV bags and tubing and that safer alternatives already exist.
The committee also heard testimony on bills to establish statewide food truck permitting, with food truck owners and a senator describing the current system as costly, duplicative, and inconsistent across municipalities. Another set of witnesses supported the “Bean New Deal,” which would expand plant-based food options in public institutions, senior nutrition programs, and WIC, citing health, equity, and cost savings. On lead poisoning, housing advocates and a representative backed bills to expand lead-safe housing requirements to all rental units, arguing the current law contributes to discrimination against families with children and leaves too much pre-1978 housing uncertified. The committee also heard support for an outdoor air pollution bill that would create an advisory committee, identify pollution hotspots, expand monitoring, and set reduction targets, with testimony from environmental justice groups, pediatricians, and legislators describing disproportionate asthma and other health harms in overburdened communities.
Later testimony addressed oral health bills to create dental therapists and allow dental hygienists to administer nitrous oxide, with supporters saying the measures would expand access, reduce costs, and help underserved patients. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to prohibit harmful food dyes in competitive school foods, with parents describing behavioral and health concerns tied to synthetic dyes. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.
MO
Missouri 2026 Regular Session
Local Government Apr 22nd, 2026
Local Government, Elections and Pensions
Transcript Highlights:
- added to the existing library sales tax law.
- So it's really up to the library, individual library, on what they propose to voters.
- Charles City-County Library.
- My home library does the same thing.
- Charles district over there said was that libraries in our library, and I don't think they're any different
Summary:
The Committee on Local Government held a public hearing on Senate Substitute No. 2 for Senate Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 1023, sponsored by Senator Justin Brown. Brown explained that the bill would expand existing authority for certain public library districts to seek voter approval for a sales tax, with property tax reductions tied to the sales tax in some cases. He noted special provisions for Cass and Johnson counties, where the sales tax rate would be capped at 0.33% and would replace real and personal property taxes, and also described a separate provision allowing circuit courts to collect a civil case filing surcharge of up to $15 for law library maintenance.
Library representatives and supporters testified in favor. They argued that libraries rely heavily on property tax revenue, that the bill would let local voters choose a more diversified funding mix, and that it would help libraries respond to growth and facility needs. Witnesses from Scenic Regional Library, St. Charles City-County Library, Marshall Public Library, the Missouri Library Association, and the Kansas City Public Library described local circumstances, including St. Charles County’s three-year phase-out and rollback requirement, Marshall’s voter-approved sales tax and concerns about county reclassification, and Kansas City’s request for fiscal-year flexibility. Committee members raised questions about the fairness of shifting library funding to sales tax, especially for nonresidents, and one member objected to the tone of the senator’s questioning during the hearing.
No one testified in opposition, and the chair closed the public hearing. The committee announced it planned to executive the bill on Monday, with notice to follow. The meeting then adjourned.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Thursday, February 27, 2025)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- McClintock to act as Speaker pro tempore on this day."
- Res. 20, a resolution authorized by the Congressional Review Act that will enable our Congress to act
- So we've had Congressional Review Acts to say no.
- That's why we have the Congressional Review Act.
- <03:21:29.199>
like simply close the books and act like simply close the books and act like
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health Mar 20th, 2025
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health
Transcript Highlights:
- right, we don't just fix the system, we set the standard for the rest of the country, and the time to act
- They have an entire library of information that can be readily available to anyone, but the other side
- But it doesn't even acknowledge what a poor job that we've done in this country, and we're acting like
- Uh, rather than to just act on emotion. I have children.
- It's mentioned in the Social Security Act.
MO
Transcript Highlights:
- So it's really up to the library, individual library, on what they propose to voters.
- Charles City-County Library.
- My home library does the same thing.
- My home library does the same thing.
- Charles district over there said, libraries in our library—and I don’t think they’re any different than
Summary:
The Committee on Local Government held a public hearing on Senate Substitute No. 2 for Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 1023, sponsored by Senator Justin Brown. The bill would expand the existing authority for certain public library districts to ask voters to approve a local sales tax, with county-specific provisions: St. Charles County would have to reduce property tax levies to offset sales tax revenue, and Cass and Johnson counties would be limited to a 0.33% rate and would eliminate property tax levies if the sales tax is adopted. The bill also includes a provision allowing circuit courts to collect a civil case filing surcharge of up to $15 for law library maintenance, and a Kansas City Public Library fiscal-year flexibility provision was also described.
Supporters from several library systems and the Missouri Library Association testified that the bill would give libraries more flexibility to diversify revenue, reduce reliance on property taxes, and protect voter-approved library sales taxes from legal uncertainty tied to county reclassification. Witnesses from St. Charles County said the measure would let local voters decide whether to fund library services through sales tax, property tax, or a mix, while a Marshall Public Library representative said the bill would help preserve a voter-approved sales tax affected by unrelated litigation. A Kansas City Public Library representative said the fiscal-year change would improve budget timing. One committee member questioned the fairness of shifting library funding to sales tax, especially for nonresidents, while other members spoke in support of libraries and their community services.
No one testified in opposition. The chair closed the public hearing and announced the committee plans to executive the bill on Monday at noon, with notice to be sent by email. A representative also criticized the tone of the senator’s response during questioning, but said he still supported the bill.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- 53.799>
12 have 12 school public libraries yes 12 have 12 school public libraries yes 12 on<01 - You guys have certain days that the library is closed and certain hours the library is closed.
- <01:05:19.839>
because is that some of the libraries because is that some of the libraries - Act 186?
- c> don't the library library students I don't the library library students I don't know<01:13:10.320
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 3 on Education Finance May 20th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- And one-time federal individuals with disabilities education act.
- Nor does it make further cuts to the California Library Services Act.
- for the California State Library from Department of Finance.
- a library service and Technology Act grant to the State Library in April.
- So just to clarify with all the uncertainty, as was noted, the Library Services and Technology Act grant
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session Apr 21st, 2025
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- I kind of told the new chairs, I said, "Hey, that has just lived was the libraries."
- Anyone who knew me knew she was passionate about libraries.
- There are 12 regional library systems in the state of Minnesota with 359 public libraries.
- Eligible applicants include cities, counties, and regional public library systems.
- House File Number 1058, an act relating to local government.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- Act and that this does not tax access.
- So we think there can be a little bit more of a balancing act there.
- The second one would be the Northfield public library.
- We've been recently uh public library.
- Library. Uh and that Southdale location Library.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
US House Floor Proceedings (Wednesday, June 3, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Waste Fraud and Abuse and Tannif Act. Waste Fraud and Abuse and Tannif Act.
- Agency Appropriations Act of 2027. Agency Appropriations Act of 2027.
- 7726, the Stop Child Care Scams Act. 7726, the Stop Child Care Scams Act.
- such act. such act.
- we act and not confuse.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Water, Parks, and Wildlife Committee Mar 25th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- libraries.
- Anyone can get a library card.
- Libraries in my district have seen a lot of people utilize this program.
- So that was under the 1944 Flood Control Act.
- to act against the unauthorized take of more than 1,000 native bird species.
Summary:
The committee heard several water, parks, and wildlife bills. AB 764 would expand the list of exotic non-game birds that can be managed in California to better control mute swan populations; the author and California Waterfowl said swans are invasive, aggressive, and rapidly increasing, while no opposition testified. The bill passed to Appropriations. AB 616 would make the State Library Parks Pass program permanent by allowing state parks to transfer annual day-use passes to the State Library free of charge; supporters said it improves equitable access to parks, especially for low-income families, and the bill passed unanimously to Appropriations.
AB 293 would require groundwater sustainability agencies to post board membership and a link to Form 700 filings online. Supporters, including the Community Alliance with Family Farmers, argued it would improve transparency and public trust, while opponents said the requirement was redundant and could discourage service on GSA boards. The bill passed, but with some no votes. AB 639 would narrow the definition of dams so certain weirs used for irrigation would not be subject to dam regulations; the author and technical witnesses said the structures pose no safety risk and are already closely managed, while members urged the bill be narrowed further to the Kings River area. It passed as amended to Appropriations.
AB 679 would streamline land transfers for Big Basin Redwoods, Año Nuevo, and Butano State Parks by exempting those acquisitions from the Public Works Board process. Supporters said it would speed conservation and park rebuilding after the CZU fire, while one member opposed it over cost and broader state land-management concerns; it passed as amended. AB 454 would remove the sunset on the California Migratory Bird Protection Act, making state protections for migratory birds permanent after federal rollback concerns; it passed as amended to Appropriations. The committee also adopted its 2025-26 rules and approved the consent calendar, and the meeting adjourned after add-on votes were taken for absent members.
ND
North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session
Legislative Procedure and Arrangements Jan 8th, 2026 at 02:30 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- And the eight copies that go to the State Library under our rule are due to this statute.
- Can the library operate on two copies? I know your comment that we have a lot of...
- I did reach out to our depository libraries as well.
- I did hear I did reach out to our depository libraries as well.
- law school library.
Summary:
The committee first discussed security and member contact procedures, with several members emphasizing the need for formal security training at the start of each session and clearer procedures for knowing where legislators are staying during session for welfare checks and emergency contact. Members also raised concerns about the disclosure of home addresses in other public records and forms, and Legislative Council was asked to prepare a background memo on possible training, best practices, and related legislative or rule changes.
The committee then took up a bill draft to reduce the number of paper copies of state publications sent to the State Library from eight to two. Legislative Council explained the cost savings and the move toward digital distribution, but the State Librarian testified that the library still needs paper copies for circulation, archives, and depository libraries, and requested a minimum of three copies. After discussion, the committee amended the draft to require three copies instead of two and passed the motion. The committee also approved a related House and Senate Rules amendment reducing the number of bound journals distributed, and a separate rule change removing the requirement that legislators’ home addresses be printed in the rule book and allowing a lower print run based on request and need.
The committee next reviewed data on bill pre-filing and legislative workload. After hearing testimony that agency bills tend to arrive in a late-year rush and that staff workload is especially heavy around organizational session and the holidays, the committee voted to move the agency pre-filing deadline to the Wednesday before Thanksgiving. It also amended the deadline for constitutional amendments and study resolutions, moving them earlier so they would occur before crossover, and adjusted the reporting deadline accordingly. Members discussed whether these changes should be handled in special session or organizational session, and staff explained that the agency deadline change could be made effective for the next regular session through a permanent rules change.
Finally, the committee reviewed proposed special session rules. Staff explained that the special session would use joint appropriations and joint policy committees, with expedited bill processing, limited bill introduction routes, and remote participation allowed for members and public testimony with approval. The committee also resolved a House appropriations membership issue by keeping the House side at 23 members and giving the House majority leader authority to appoint a replacement for the vacant seat, while increasing the Senate dollar threshold to match the House. Members then discussed the upcoming rural health special session process, including how the interim rural health group would differ from the actual special session committees, the timing of committee work and the governor’s address, and whether remote participation would be permitted in the special session.