Video & Transcript Research : 'border control'
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MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy Committee 4/3/25
Workforce, Labor, and Economic Development Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Billionaire oligarchs are controlling more and more of every sector of our economy, and workers don't
- billionaire oligarchs are controlling billionaire oligarchs are controlling more<00:20:33.559>
- We again—we can't control what the federal government does.
- Duluth works, works that borders the exact district that Representative Johnson and I both share, that
- I'm speaking today for the heart of the Range, I border that community, but we are all one North.
Keywords:
unemployment benefits, iron ore mining, economic support, workforce development, Minnesota, unemployment insurance, deferred resignation, employment, worker rights, benefits eligibility, Ellsworth Independent School District, ISD 514, school construction, school renovation, sales tax exemption, use tax refund, construction materials, HVAC replacement, boiler replacement, window replacement
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- HB 3464 relating to the offense of providing a controlled substance to a person in custody of a correctional
- Canales relates to the exemption of certain activities from the regulation of the Structural Pest Control
- HB 3485 by Vikki Goodwin relates to border municipalities, for the Subcommittee on Federal, State, and
- HB 3544 by Armando Martinez relating to the flood control measures by the Texas Department of Transportation
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Joint Committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies
Transcript Highlights:
- So given the intense competition fight over our southern border, it is time to act to protect Massachusetts
- Sports betting is spinning out of control.
- That's all it takes for Massachusetts residents and Massachusetts revenue to cross the border and fuel
- That means $266 million in Massachusetts dollars crossed the border and enriched our neighbor instead
- Problem gambling includes those that increase the intensity of play and give the illusion of control.
Summary:
The committee on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies, chaired by Rep. Carole Fiola and Sen. Barry Finegold, held a lengthy hearing on a range of gambling-related bills. Testimony first focused on H. 496 to allow the Massachusetts Gaming Commission to authorize Plain Ridge Park Casino to add table games and more slot machines. Supporters, including Rep. Jeffrey Roy, Sen. Finegold, Rep. Barry R. Finegold, Rep. Brian Vaughn, and Plainville officials, argued the change was needed to keep Massachusetts gaming dollars from flowing to Rhode Island, protect jobs, and preserve local tax revenue. They described Plain Ridge as a strong community partner and cited host-community benefits such as municipal infrastructure projects and local aid. Opponents or skeptical witnesses later argued that expanded gambling, especially online, would increase harm and cannibalize existing casinos and local economies.
The committee also heard testimony on bills related to sports betting restrictions and online gambling. Sen. John Keenan presented a “Better Health Act” proposal to ban prop bets and in-play bets, require affordability checks, prohibit hosts, raise the sports betting excise tax, expand funding for problem-gambling services, and increase research and data sharing. He and supporters framed the bill as a public-health response to addiction, suicide, bankruptcy, and other harms. Rep. David Nangle, speaking from personal experience with gambling addiction, strongly opposed internet gaming, warning that it would intensify addiction and expose children and families to 24/7 gambling on phones. In contrast, Rep. David Moradian and industry witnesses supported H. 4431 to legalize and regulate internet gaming, arguing it would bring illegal activity into a regulated market, generate new revenue, and include consumer protections such as age verification, deposit limits, self-exclusion, and responsible-gaming tools.
The committee also took testimony on H. 4238, which would expand fundraising options for fraternal organizations, especially the Elks. Rep. Bruce Ayers and Elks representatives said the bill would help lodges raise money for scholarships, veterans’ services, and community programs after COVID-related losses and declining membership. On H. 480, Rep. Kathleen LaNatra, Rep. Badger, and representatives of veterans organizations and gaming-machine operators urged allowing qualified veterans groups to participate in certain video gaming activity, saying it would provide a sustainable revenue source to keep posts open and support veterans’ services. Dr. Rachel Volberg testified that expanding gambling, especially online gambling and slot machines at veterans organizations, would likely increase gambling harm, and she urged stronger harm-prevention measures, data reporting, and research funding. Other witnesses, including anti-gambling advocates and industry representatives, sharply disagreed over whether legalization would reduce illegal gambling or worsen addiction and social costs. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Indian Affairs Jul 16th, 2025
House Government, Elections & Indian Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- What I've known and held close is that across these lands, and now these New Mexico state borders, I
- And one of the means of control of a colonized people was the introduction of alcohol.
- It was introduced as a means of control.
- As they are located on the border, I think the main hospital is in Arizona, and their wellness center
- college. 1968 as the first tribally controlled college.
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
Senate Legislative Session Day 41 (3-6-26)
Kentucky Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- As we well know, Kentucky is a border state to many other states.
- As we well know, Kentucky is a border state to many other states.
- As we well know, cross-border projects.
- , Kentucky is a border state to many<01:15:25.160>
other <01:15:25.320>states. - a certain radius of the state borders a certain radius of the state borders and<01:16:02.720>
Summary:
The Senate convened with an invocation and pledge, established a quorum, approved the prior journal, and received a message from the House announcing passage of House Bills 364, 534, 600, and 662 and requesting concurrence. The chamber then took up second-reading reports, placing several bills on the Rules Committee calendar, and briefly recessed for caucus meetings before returning to floor business.
The first major floor action was Senate Bill 11, a residential safe room rebate program aimed at rural tornado preparedness. Supporters described it as a way to use FEMA or private funds to help homeowners build personal storm shelters that could also serve neighbors; one senator opposed it over a fiscal note and concerns about unintended consequences in rural areas. The Senate adopted a committee substitute and passed SB 11 by a vote of 33–3.
The Senate then considered Senate Bill 8 on public utilities and PSC intervention procedures. A committee substitute and floor amendment were adopted to clarify intervention standards, limit delay tactics, allow written comments from non-intervenors, and revise transmission-line approval thresholds; supporters said the changes would improve PSC efficiency and protect ratepayers, while some senators objected to a provision moving records from the Energy and Environment Cabinet to the state auditor as politically motivated. SB 8 passed 30–5. Senate Bill 94, dealing with dealer compensation for warranty and recall work, was also amended and passed unanimously after supporters said it reflected agreement between auto dealers and manufacturers. Finally, Senate Bill 197 on economic development incentives was amended to create county tiers, expand incentives for distressed areas, allow cross-border projects near state lines, and correct clerical errors; it passed 36–0.
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 113 May 6th, 2026
Colorado House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- So many people came through that border So many people came through that border under<01:07:25.080
- And because the state can't control And because the state can't control federal<01:18:46.160>
- You trafficked them across borders.
- You put them in in a position borders.
- because we don't control because we don't control what<02:55:19.800>
people <02:55:20.120>
Summary:
The House convened with a quorum, approved the previous day’s journal, and heard several announcements, including recognition of the University of Denver men’s hockey championship and a sesquicentennial flag presentation for Colorado’s 150th anniversary. Members also received committee meeting notices and a reminder about open enrollment benefits. Committee reports were then read, advancing several bills from Appropriations, Judiciary, and Transportation, Housing, and Local Government to the Committee of the Whole or to Appropriations with favorable recommendations.
The chamber adopted the majority leader’s motion to add a slate of bills to the special orders calendar for May 6, including Senate Bill 5 and several House and Senate bills. The House also adopted a motion limiting debate on Senate Bill 5 to one hour, with the vote recorded at 36 aye, 24 no, and five excused. The House then resolved into committee of the whole and took up Senate Bill 5, which creates a state-court civil remedy for constitutional violations committed during civil immigration enforcement and includes an appropriation.
Supporters of Senate Bill 5 argued that the bill is needed to provide a meaningful remedy when federal immigration enforcement violates Fourth Amendment and other constitutional rights, citing alleged abuses, surveillance practices, and court decisions narrowing federal remedies. Opponents argued the bill is likely unconstitutional, duplicates existing federal remedies, and would be struck down in court; they also criticized the use of Rule 14 to limit debate and said Colorado should wait for litigation in other states. The transcript ends during continued debate on the bill, with no final vote shown.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select Jul 31st, 2025
Disaster Preparedness & Flooding, Select
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Consumer and Public Affairs Jan 22nd, 2026 at 01:59 pm
House Consumer & Public Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- These values call for everyone within our borders to be treated with dignity and humanity, regardless
- What we can control is what we control here in the three facilities.
- They have the ability to enter the contract, but they have no actual oversight and meaningful control
- They have the ability to enter the contract, but they have no actual oversight and meaningful control
- There's a border checkpoint right outside. So that's another federal piece to this.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Finance Sep 24th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- question because especially being right here in Hobbs, where we are 15 miles away from the Texas border
- I understand emergencies happen, but we should get some control on the appropriations that she has.
- The executive controls the agency.
- And so if we need more controls to do that, I'm all for it, Mr. Chair.
- And I don't think you guys have any control over a budget of, what, $350 million we're talking about
AR
Arkansas 2026 Regular Session
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES Jun 4th, 2026
LEGISLATIVE JOINT AUDITING-COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
Transcript Highlights:
- A detailed fixed asset listing was not maintained to include additions, deletions, and control totals
- It's right next in the area of... we're on the border of Tennessee, West Memphis, Marion.
- We have also... ...some controls.
- And we have a lot of visitors to Lake Enterprise because we're on the border of Louisiana, southeast
- Arkansas, so we're on the border.
Summary:
The committee approved the prior meeting minutes and then received updates on delinquent water and sewer reports, including seven new reinstatements and a reduction to four remaining delinquent filers. Staff also reported on municipal accounting code noncompliance, removing Denning and Gum Springs from the 60-day clock after improved records were verified, and presenting repeat findings for Fargo, Lead Hill, Alma, Jericho, and Haynes. Members discussed repeated audit problems, the length of time some issues had persisted, and whether towns should be given additional time or face stronger action; motions were made and adopted to place some entities on a 60-day clock or defer action to later meetings.
For Fargo and Alma, staff described extensive repeat accounting deficiencies, including missing budgets, bank reconciliations, financial statements, receipts, journals, and supporting documentation. Fargo’s mayor said the town had been understaffed and was beginning to improve its office systems; the committee voted to defer the matter for 60 days and file the report. Alma’s officials said they were trying to correct water audit and accounting issues, and the committee likewise deferred the matter to the August meeting while warning that water-audit delays could jeopardize turnback funds.
The committee then reviewed misuse-of-street-funds findings for Jericho and Haynes. Jericho’s police chief and officials explained that traffic fines, drug-related arrests, and other citations had pushed the town over the statutory threshold, while staff clarified that the speed-trap calculation excludes certain add-on fines and is referred to the prosecuting attorney for any action. Haynes officials said repayment problems stemmed from lost revenue and staffing changes, including the loss of the police department, but staff reported the town remained behind on its repayment plan and also owed the IRS. The committee voted to defer the Haynes matter to September and to defer Jericho as well, with members emphasizing the need for consistency and possible broader legislative review of small-town viability.
A special report on the Pulaski County Regional Solid Waste Management District drew substantial discussion. Staff cited findings involving board approval of payroll and contracts, credit card documentation, car allowances and personal vehicle use, competitive bidding, and unusually high advertising spending, as well as the sale of trailers and other equipment at low prices. The district director said the board had delegated authority for many expenditures, that personal use was reported for tax purposes, and that advertising was necessary to educate the public about recycling. Members questioned the procurement and disposal decisions and the size of the advertising budget; after discussion, the committee deferred the report to September and asked the director to return. The meeting also included brief deferred reports on Biggers, Gilmore, and Holly Grove, which were filed after local officials described ongoing efforts to resolve long-standing audit and tax issues.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Public Health Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Public Health
Transcript Highlights:
- Just recently, the FDA approved Moderna's M-Nex spike without a single placebo-controlled trial.
- Measles doesn't know town borders or even county borders or state borders.
- That said, I know I only have control over my children, and I, in no way, ever look to control how other
- A school is not a controlled clinical setting, especially at the end of the school year.
- It took nine months for them to get my body under control.
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Public Health held a hearing on several vaccination-related bills, including proposals to eliminate non-medical or religious exemptions for school immunizations (notably H. 2554 and S. 1557), a bill to require or improve reporting and administration of immunization data and exemptions (described as the Community Immunity Act, S. 1618), and H. 2431, which would prohibit COVID-19, mRNA, or gene-altering vaccine requirements. The committee also heard testimony on H. 2463, which would classify funeral directors as public health workers for vaccine-priority purposes during emergencies. The chair reviewed testimony rules and repeatedly asked speakers to keep comments orderly and brief so the committee could hear as many people as possible. No votes were taken during the hearing.
Testimony on H. 2554 and S. 1557 was sharply divided. Pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, public health advocates, and groups such as the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Massachusetts Medical Society, March of Dimes, Massachusetts Families for Vaccines, and several parents supported eliminating religious exemptions, arguing that vaccination protects medically vulnerable children and adults, improves herd immunity, and helps prevent outbreaks of measles, pertussis, and other diseases. They cited local school data showing pockets of lower coverage and incomplete reporting, and several speakers referenced outbreaks in other states and the need for stronger, more consistent reporting and exemption management. Opponents argued the bills would infringe on religious freedom and parental rights, force families to choose between faith and education, and unfairly target a small number of families; some also said Massachusetts already has high vaccination rates and that the real issue is incomplete data or the gap population rather than religious exemptions.
H. 2431 drew testimony from supporters who said COVID-era mandates caused job losses, privacy concerns, and harm, and that the bill would prevent future requirements for COVID, mRNA, or gene-altering vaccines in schools, workplaces, and public settings. Supporters described personal experiences with alleged vaccine injury or mandate-related hardship. H. 2463 was supported by the Massachusetts Funeral Directors Association, which argued funeral directors work in infection-facing settings and should be eligible for vaccine priority during public health emergencies. The hearing featured extensive public testimony but no committee action beyond hearing the bills and taking questions from members.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
December 4, 2025 - 11:00 AM
Transcript Highlights:
- WHERE BACKGROUND CHECKS ARE OUTSIDE THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENTS AND THEY HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL THOSE
- I WILL REMIND EVERYONE WE HAVE A LOT OF PRISONS IN THE WEST AND THE PANHANDLE THAT ARE ON THE BORDER
- WE HAVE ACTUALLY FOUR OF THOSE WERE FILLED AND THEY WOULD BE COMING OFF THE BORDER THAT YOU WOULD HAVE
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- now that the House rules give the unprecedented power to the minority party to almost completely control
- displays, food, games, and performances by entertainers from all over the world. both sides of the border
- arrival of the railroad in 1881 and the development. of the Zona Libre or the free trade zone along the border
ND
North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session
Higher Education Institutions Committee Jun 19th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- We don’t control the tuition because it was becoming a problem at the schools and it became a bidding
- On page 1, row 12, this particular change in here adds within 50 miles of the state border for...
- The language adds within 50 miles of the state border for the MSN students.
- Who reside within the state or within 50 miles of the border.
- That was an oversight last session when we opened up... ...the residency to within 50 miles of the border
Summary:
The committee reconvened at North Dakota State College of Science for a presentation from President Dr. Flanagan and college leaders about NDSCS’s mission, enrollment growth, workforce training, and facilities needs. Flanagan highlighted student success in national competitions, strong placement and retention, growing enrollment, and new or expanding programs in aviation maintenance, fire science, dental hygiene, community health worker training, surgical technology, HVAC/plumbing, and precision agriculture. He also emphasized the college’s partnerships with industry, including John Deere, Fargo Jet Center, Sanford, and Comdel Innovation, and said NDSCS plans to seek approval next session for a revenue bond to build a new dorm and to remodel the library into academic and allied health space. Allied health dean Deb Smith testified that her division is at capacity and needs a simulation center, more lab and classroom space, and expanded dental and OTA facilities to meet demand and accreditation needs.
Committee members questioned Flanagan and staff about workforce shortages, especially faculty pay, and whether the college can staff additional growth. Flanagan said the biggest challenge is recruiting instructors because industry pays more, but noted some health care and adjunct hiring is possible because of schedule flexibility and benefits. He also discussed shifting resources away from lower-demand programs like power sports toward higher-demand areas such as automotive and aviation maintenance. Members also asked about the college’s identity as a technical institution, with Flanagan arguing North Dakota would benefit from a more defined tech-school system.
The committee then received a University System presentation from Jamie Wilkie on the cost of delivering dual credit. Wilkie explained the methodology used to allocate direct and overhead costs across subsidized and unsubsidized dual credit, noting that dual credit and early entry account for about 5.9% of total credit hours and 2.7% of formula funding. The analysis showed subsidized dual credit tuition revenue of about $5.5 million and unsubsidized revenue of about $2.9 million, with some institutions showing margins and others losses depending on the model. Members discussed whether K-12 funding should also be reflected, how payments to high schools and teachers are structured, and whether tuition-free dual credit would require replacing both tuition revenue and the current dual credit scholarship. No votes were taken; the committee simply received the presentations and discussed the findings.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Senate in Special Session C Feb 13th, 2025
Florida Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- President Trump is closing our borders, protecting our sovereignty, and most importantly, he has the
- It's the only portion of the bill that the state or the governor has control over, right?
- You have the federal system, and then if Florida implements these draconian measures and a bordering
- Border Patrol with a notice to appear. He raped a kid.
- It supports inspection and interdiction activities to protect our state borders.
Summary:
The Senate opened with prayer, the pledge, and a moment of silence honoring former Senator and Judge Thomas Gallen. The chamber then moved to special order items focused on immigration and related enforcement measures. Senate Memorial 6C, urging the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to provide guidance and training for 287(g) agreements, passed by voice vote.
The Senate then took up Senate Bill 4C, an immigration measure that would impose a mandatory death penalty for unauthorized aliens convicted of capital felonies and create state crimes for illegal entry and re-entry. Senators Pizzo, Polsky, and Sharief raised concerns about constitutional issues, plea bargaining, trial and penalty-phase procedures, prosecutorial discretion, and the effect on victims’ families. Supporters, including Senators Fine and Gruters, argued the bill was a strong deterrent and a response to serious crimes committed by undocumented immigrants. The bill passed 25-11.
The chamber next debated Senate Bill 2C, a broader immigration enforcement package. The bill would create a State Board of Immigration Enforcement, expand local-federal cooperation, fund detention and enforcement efforts, strengthen pretrial detention rules for unauthorized aliens, and end in-state tuition waivers for undocumented students. Senators Davis and Pizzo questioned enforcement mechanics, jurisdiction, bond procedures, and whether local agencies were actually mandated to participate; supporters said the bill was designed to maximize cooperation with federal authorities and the Trump administration. A late-filed amendment by Senator Pizzo to preserve tuition waivers for current students failed 14-22, and a second amendment was withdrawn after discussion. Debate then continued on the bill, with opponents arguing it was costly, federal in nature, and harmful to Dreamers and other students, while supporters said it was necessary to crack down on illegal immigration and align state policy with federal enforcement priorities.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Judiciary and Public Safety - 03/10/25
Judiciary and Public Safety
Transcript Highlights:
- Four of these five counties are border counties with South Dakota, Iowa, and Canada.
- > communities<00:01:42.200>
with <00:01:42.399>counties <00:01:43.320>uh Border - communities with counties uh Border communities with counties uh across<00:01:43.840>
the <00: - <00:03:42.159>
Point <00:03:42.560>stations <00:03:43.040>or rely on control - Point stations or rely on control Point stations or console<00:03:43.720>
Ed <00:03:44.000>
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 14th, 2025
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- With that also in this format, I'm also a retired Border Patrol agent with 26 years, and I was a Marine
- As a hunting guide, but also going back as a Border Patrol agent.
- From my personal standpoint, I was a border patrol agent stationed out of Laredo in the 90s when a hunting
- Uh, well, well regulated does not mean controlled, dished out rules.
- Why should someone who contributes to the gun flow over the border be able to possess a gun so easily
Bills:
HB259
CA
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Energy Finance and Policy Committee 3/3/26
Energy Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- But her flight path went far beyond the borders of Minnesota.
- flight path went far beyond the borders flight path went far beyond the borders of<00:16:12.959>
- I'm assistant commissioner for air and climate policy for the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and
- Kate Kuth, climate director at the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, for the record.
- Pollution Control Agency, for the<00:47:34.960>
record.
Bills:
HF3556
Summary:
The committee approved the February 26, 2026 minutes and then took up House File 3556, which would rename Minnesota’s community solar garden program the Melissa Hortman Community Solar Garden Program. The bill’s author described the measure as a tribute to Hortman’s leadership and her role in creating the program, noting its importance to Minnesota’s solar industry and the broader clean energy transition. The author moved HF 3556 to the general register, and the committee proceeded to testimony.
Testifiers from the Public Utilities Commission, Department of Commerce, solar industry groups, clean energy organizations, and community solar advocates all supported the bill. They credited Hortman with authoring and advancing the 2013 legislation that created Minnesota’s community solar program and said it became a national model that expanded access to solar for renters, lower-income households, and others who could not install rooftop systems. Several witnesses highlighted the program’s growth, including more than 1 gigawatt of approved projects, strong participation by low- and moderate-income subscribers, and job creation and private investment in Minnesota.
Witnesses also emphasized Hortman’s personal leadership style, describing her as prepared, persuasive, collaborative, and deeply committed to clean energy and public service. Some recounted personal interactions with her and said the name change would preserve her legacy and ensure future Minnesotans remember her impact. No vote on the bill itself was taken during the testimony shown, beyond the motion to send HF 3556 to the general register.
WV
West Virginia 2026 Regular Session
WV Senate Judiciary Committee in Session Mar 10th, 2026 at 03:04 pm
Transcript Highlights:
- So you're saying across the state border, a company from Ohio or somewhere, e-commerce, no matter where—can
- I mean, I think we're all committed to protecting our borders and protecting our workers here in West
- I'm looking at controlling agency, line 6 through 8.
- The controlling agency has to make that redaction.
- not necessarily sure of any particular instance, but if there were one, then the federal law would control
Summary:
The committee first took up House Bill 4198, which would require employers to use E-Verify to confirm new hires’ work authorization and impose escalating penalties for violations, including warnings, debarment from state contracts, loss of business licenses, and other sanctions. Counsel and senators raised extensive drafting concerns, including circular language, conflicts with existing record-retention provisions, unclear references to “seeks to employ,” possible application to babysitters, lawn care, and other casual or household arrangements, and uncertainty about how the bill would work for employers who never actually complete a hire. The bill sponsor defended the measure as a way to strengthen compliance with existing law, protect employers who use E-Verify in good faith, and deter illegal hiring. After debate, a motion to table the bill failed on a roll call vote, 6 in favor and 10 opposed, and the chair then announced the bill would be sent to a subcommittee to be cleaned up, with instructions to resolve the drafting conflicts and other ambiguities.
The committee then turned to House Bill 4710, with an amendment, which would require a person to be registered with a political party or as an independent 210 days before filing a certificate of candidacy. Counsel explained that the change would lengthen the current 60-day requirement and would affect both party-switching and independent candidacies, making it harder for candidates to change affiliation shortly before an election. Senators asked about how the 210-day period would work relative to the primary and general election filing deadlines, and counsel clarified that it would be measured backward from the relevant filing dates. The discussion focused on the practical effect of the bill as a “sore loser” measure and on the timing rules for candidacy filings.