Video & Transcript : 'illegal crossings' :

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FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Jan 29th, 2026

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We pray for the spirit of unity to cross these aisles, tear down every wall of division, every barrier
  • Members, this body has done a lot of good work over the years to limit illegal gambling activities.
  • Members, this just gives us more tools in the toolbox to handle these illegal operations.
Summary: The Florida Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several introductions recognizing guests and groups in the gallery, including Challenger Learning Center representatives, the Florida Dental Hygienists Association, Zeta Phi Beta, Pine Forest High School students, and others. Senators also offered remarks honoring the anniversary of the Challenger disaster and welcoming visitors. The chamber then moved to the special order calendar. The main floor debate centered on Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 156, which would increase penalties for crimes against law enforcement officers and other personnel, including mandatory life imprisonment for manslaughter of a law enforcement officer engaged in official duties. The bill drew extensive debate over self-defense, excessive force, prosecutorial discretion, jury instructions, and whether the measure was a proper response to the Jason Rayner case. Two amendments were offered and withdrawn. After debate, the Senate passed the bill 31-4. Senators Bracy Davis, Smith, Polsky, and others spoke in opposition, while Leek, Trumbull, and Hooper supported the measure as a needed correction and tribute to Officer Rayner. The Senate then passed a series of other bills, mostly unanimously or by wide margins. SB 168 expanded public nuisance law to include gambling establishments; SB 288 clarified rural electric cooperative authority; SB 292 created a public records exemption for appellate court clerks and their families; SB 296 and SB 298 advanced the HAVEN initiative and a related public records exemption for domestic violence victims; SB 364 modernized CPA licensure; SB 386 created protections for farm equipment purchasers; and several Open Government Sunset Review bills preserved or extended public records and meeting exemptions for emergency shelter addresses, Department of Military Affairs records, conviction integrity unit records, Public Service Commission and Gaming Commission proceedings, DHSMV investigatory records, social media investigation records, and certain economic development loan records. Most of these bills passed 32-35 votes, with SB 292 passing 34-1 and SB 7000, SB 7002, SB 706, SB 708, SB 7012, SB 7014, and SB 7016 all approved. At the end of the session, the Senate adopted a motion to immediately certify all bills passed that day to the House, heard announcements about upcoming executive appointments and State of Black Florida Week events, and then adjourned until the next scheduled meeting.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Law & Justice Jan 22nd, 2026 at 10:30 am

Law & Justice

Transcript Highlights:
  • So if you do pay at least 50%, so you're making payments and you cross that 50% line, any unpaid balance
  • other international volunteers, Palestinians, and Israeli activists to peacefully demonstrate against illegal
  • emergency and media contact when she volunteered to stand with Palestinian farmers whose land was being illegally
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

04/01/2026 - House Floor Session

Arizona House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • In the shadow of the cross, teach us to seek justice and compassion, to speak truth with grace, and to
  • In the shadow of the cross, teach us to seek justice and compassion, to speak truth with grace, and to
  • But on page four, it gets even worse because it also says that it's illegal to fly a drone within a mile
FL
Transcript Highlights:
  • MYSELF AND LEADS TO THE INABILITY TO NOT CONTROL THE USE OF SUBSTANCES WHETHER THEY ARE LEGAL OR ILLEGAL
  • TAKE THEM TO COURT FOR COST OF LITIGATION THEY ARE ALREADY INVOLVED IN. >> Vice Chair Martin: ERIC CROSS
  • THAT'S EXACTLY HOW SIMILAR BILLS HAVE BEEN WESTERNIZED IN OTHER STATES CROSS THE COUNTRY INCLUDING TEXAS
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Community Affairs Mar 25th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • THIS BILL DOES NOT MAKE DESECRATING THE FLAG ILLEGAL.
  • IF SOMEONE WAS TO PUT UP A FLAG WHEN I WAS IN SCHOOL THERE WAS A FLAG WITH THE CROSS AT THE TOP.
  • THE DELETE ALL ADDS A CROSS REFERENCE THE DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Judiciary Feb 3rd, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • This amendment makes technical conforming changes by updating cross-references and amending the sections
  • By updating cross-references and amending the sections of law to align with changes made in the bill.
  • gives the FHSAA the authority to determine what constitutes a good-faith act of support and what crosses
  • gives the FHSAA the authority to determine what constitutes a good faith act of support and what crosses
  • Their gray-zone operations stay just under the threshold of illegality, and they disguise the sources
Bills: S0002 , S0002 , S0006 , S0018 , S0026 , S0028 , S0050 , S0178 , S0326 , S0538 , S0786 , S1004 , S1096 , S1178 , S1366 , S1632 , S1634
Committee: Senate Judiciary
Summary: The Judiciary Committee took up a long agenda of bills, including several claims bills and policy measures. It heard and approved, mostly unanimously, bills on curators of estates (SB 326, as amended), remedies under the Florida Civil Rights Act (SB 1096), a claim for Reginald Jackson against the City of Lakeland (SB 28), a DCF-related claim for L.E. (SB 6), trust administration reform (SB 786, as amended), a Broward County claim for the estate of a deceased minor (SB 18, as amended, 10-1), a DOT claim for the estate of Mark Legata (SB 26), veterans’ courts (CS/SB 50), extracurricular activities in public K-12 schools (CS/CS/SB 538, as amended), and pet sale protections for dogs and cats (SB 1004). The committee also considered the sovereign immunity claims bill (SB 1366), which was presented as a starting point for negotiations with the House and was reported favorably after testimony from local government, hospital, and school representatives who urged the Senate to hold to its current lower cap levels. The committee later approved a claims bill for the estate of Daniel Maudsley against DHSMV (SB 2). The meeting included repeated roll calls and favorable reports on each measure, with the only recorded no vote on SB 18 from Senator Osgood. Several bills drew testimony from supporters and, in some cases, objections. SB 50 on veterans’ courts received broad support from veterans’ groups, criminal justice organizations, and community advocates who said it would expand problem-solving court options for veterans dealing with service-related issues. SB 538 on extracurricular activities drew support and opposition, and was amended to address home education eligibility, a school activity fee issue, technical conforming changes, and compensation for extracurricular sponsors. SB 1004 was presented as consumer protection legislation aimed at retail pet dealers, requiring disclosure of animal health records and financing terms and creating a private right of action for violations. The committee also heard extensive testimony on SB 1178, which would create a foreign interference restriction and enforcement framework targeting foreign countries of concern and designated foreign terrorist organizations. Supporters described it as a national-security measure to limit foreign influence, protect critical infrastructure, and restrict gifts, contracts, and sister-city ties; the sponsor withdrew one amendment and the bill was reported favorably. Finally, SB 1632, dealing with ideologies inconsistent with American principles, prompted substantial questioning about due process, domestic terrorist organization designations, Sharia law references, student discipline, and notice procedures. The sponsor said the bill was intended to protect constitutional principles and target conduct rather than belief, but the transcript ends while public testimony on that bill is still underway.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Criminal Justice and Public Safety (02/13/2026)

Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:
  • If you take note and cross off the bills, >> maybe in that time I can actually find the bills we're voting
  • </c><01:04:43.920><c> take</c><01:04:44.160><c> note</c><01:04:44.400><c> and</c><01:04:44.559><c> cross
  • If you take note and cross we're done.
  • If you take note and cross off<01:04:44.960><c> the</c><01:04:45.119><c> bills,</c> off the bills, off
  • </c> might as well not even make it illegal might as well not even make it illegal because<02:19:53.920
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

Transportation Mar 4th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • font> <font color="aaaaaa">foreign passports which could </font> <font color="aaaaaa">be utilized by illegal
  • font> <font color="aaaaaa">foreign passports which could </font> <font color="aaaaaa">be utilized by illegal
  • </font> <font color="aaaaaa">to register vehicles and </font> <font color="aaaaaa">be utilized by illegal
  • of </font> <font color="aaaaaa">and and others just just have </font> <font color="aaaaaa">a good cross
  • With that </font> <font color="aaaaaa">a good cross section of </font> <font color="aaaaaa">experience
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

FL House Floor Session - 2026-06-02 (10:00AM Session)

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Representative Cross: Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
  • Representative Cross: Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
  • Representative Cross: Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
  • Representative Cross: Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
  • Representative Cross: Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Housing Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Joint Committee on Housing

Transcript Highlights:
  • I warned of a line that should never be crossed when public safety is jeopardized.
  • Well, we have crossed that line in our community, as spoken by our chief.
  • While we have crossed that line in our community, as spoken by our chief in Aquinnah, he did not mention
  • The Red Cross comes in, and then there’s this legal scramble as to whose responsibility it is.
  • comes especially if it's an absentee landlord in the residence are displaced the Red Cross comes in
Summary: The Joint Committee on Housing heard testimony on several housing bills, with much of the discussion focused on seasonal communities and funding for year-round housing in places like Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, and the Berkshires. Speakers supported bills including H. 4410/S. 966 and related seasonal communities legislation, which would allow local option real estate transfer fees and expand tools for towns to preserve and create affordable housing. Testimony emphasized severe housing shortages, high home prices, workforce displacement, and impacts on public safety, schools, health care, and local businesses. Many witnesses said the transfer fee would provide a sustainable local revenue stream, citing prior land bank models on Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard as proof the approach can work. The committee also heard testimony on H. 3989 regarding seasonal community designation, with supporters arguing that towns should be included automatically or through a simpler opt-in process, and on H. 4568 to expand the Family Self-Sufficiency Program, which would broaden access to a federal voucher-based savings and self-sufficiency model. Senator Edwards testified in support of a bill to create training for municipal board members, describing it as a toolkit to improve informed local decision-making. Senator O’Connor testified for a bed bug bill, saying it would create clearer landlord and tenant notification and treatment requirements and provide needed legal guidance after his family’s experience with an infestation. Senator Lovely also testified for the Homeworks program, which provides transportation so homeless children in motels and shelters can attend after-school activities. The committee further heard testimony on a bill to fund housing in seasonal communities through a transfer fee and on a companion measure to expand the seasonal communities toolkit, with repeated calls for favorable reports. Witnesses from public safety, health care, housing nonprofits, schools, and local government described staffing shortages and housing insecurity as urgent problems. Later, the committee took testimony on H. 1559/S. 102 to maintain stable housing for families with pets, with animal welfare groups supporting protections against eviction, breed discrimination, and excessive pet rent. They said housing-related pet surrenders are a major driver of shelter intake. The hearing also included testimony on H. 1498 to limit criminalization of homelessness, which would restrict citations, fines, and related consequences for outdoor camping tied solely to homelessness.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Feb 12th, 2026 at 01:00 pm

Washington Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • unconscionable that if someone who has been prosecuted for felonies, serious felonies, violent felonies, or illegal
  • Their sheriff crossed some lines. He was recalled, as he should be.
  • He crossed those lines that you should not cross. As he should be.
  • He crossed those lines that you should not cross.
  • President, is that there's just a few of us here, few on the cross the rotunda.
Summary: The Senate took up Second Substitute Senate Bill 5974, which would modernize and strengthen laws governing sheriffs, police chiefs, town marshals, and other law enforcement agencies, particularly by setting certification and background-check standards and addressing what happens if an elected sheriff is decertified. The chamber first considered several amendments focused on preserving voter control over sheriffs, limiting the bill’s reach, and shifting costs to the state. Amendment 632, which would have required a recall-style vote if a sheriff were found uncertified, failed. Amendment 628, which would have excluded foreign convictions from consideration, failed. Amendment 633, which would have made the state pay background-check costs, failed. Amendment 634, which would have exempted current sheriffs from the bill’s five-year uninterrupted employment requirement, failed on a roll call vote of 21 yeas to 28 nays. Members then rejected additional amendments: Amendment 631, which would have carved out an exception for Capitol security personnel, failed; Amendment 629, which would have prevented a vacancy if a sheriff was acting consistently with the state and U.S. constitutions, failed; Amendment 630, which would have created a private right of action for removed sheriffs, failed; and Amendment 627, which would have retained language barring men and women from being confined in the same cell when removing an old “police matron” provision, failed on a roll call vote of 19 yeas to 30 nays. Supporters of the bill argued it was about accountability, integrity, and aligning sheriffs with certification standards already applied to other law enforcement officers. Opponents argued it would override voter choice, create unfunded mandates, and let an unelected state body remove elected sheriffs. After amendments were disposed of, the Senate suspended the rules and advanced the bill to third reading and final passage. In final debate, supporters emphasized public safety, professional standards, and the need for clear decertification rules when a sheriff loses certification. Opponents repeatedly framed the bill as an unconstitutional intrusion on local democracy and a solution in search of a problem, warning it would disenfranchise voters and set a dangerous precedent. The transcript ends during final-passage debate, with no final vote on the bill shown in the excerpt.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session Aug 20th, 2026

California Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Without objection, amendments that cross the desk on Friday, August 21st, 2026 will be adopted and published
  • Illegal in possession.
AR

Arkansas 2026 Regular Session

ALC-HIGHWAY COMMISSION REVIEW AND ADVISORY SUBCOMMITTEE Aug 19th, 2026

ALC-HIGHWAY COMMISSION REVIEW AND ADVISORY SUBCOMMITTEE

Transcript Highlights:
  • And actually, it's illegal. Like, you can get fined for that. Wait, seriously? Yeah.
  • That'll be being a safe bus rider, knowing how to navigate and when to cross the street, things like
Summary: The Highway Commission Review and Advisory Subcommittee received a quarterly update from ARDOT Director Jared Wiley on major highway projects, federal funding, land conveyances, and agency safety outreach. Members asked about the status of numerous projects, including Jonesboro area work, the Townsend Avenue project in Fort Smith, the I-40/Highway 59 interchange in Van Buren, the I-55 bridge replacement at Memphis, the I-40/I-55 interchange congestion near Memphis, the Mountain Home Bypass, and other local road and drainage concerns. Wiley said most large projects are progressing well, though some are delayed by utilities, change orders, or sharply rising costs; he noted the Townsend Avenue project is being paused because costs grew from an estimated $12–15 million to more than $60 million, with funding to be redirected to other area projects. He also said the I-55 bridge project is about 60% designed and could begin construction in 2027, and that the Van Buren interchange should be completed before year’s end. The committee also reviewed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funding report and quarterly land conveyances. Wiley explained that the federal project list reflects state oversight on some jobs, that federal aid agreements must be submitted before expenditures, and that ARDOT uses biennial appropriations to front project costs and seek reimbursement. On land conveyances, he described three surplus-property transactions: a drainage easement near I-40 sold back to a landowner, a Paragould Bypass-related tract sold after it became landlocked, and a small Highway 112 parcel in northwest Arkansas sold back for development after plans changed. Wiley then highlighted ARDOT outreach and safety efforts, including the Street Smart education program for middle and high school students, with online lesson plans, videos, quizzes, and materials available through StreetSmartAR.org. He also discussed the agency’s litter campaign, saying ARDOT collected 14,000 bags of trash in one day this year, has issued warnings and citations for unsecured loads, and spent nearly $11 million on litter cleanup last year. He reported that all ARDOT staff have completed human trafficking awareness training, and he described ongoing campaigns on work zone safety, “Slow Down, Phone Down,” move-over awareness, and a new podcast to answer public questions. The meeting ended with thanks to the director and a note that the committee may not meet again until November unless needed sooner.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Jun 4th, 2026

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And all too often these stories boil down to ghost guns, guns not safely stored, and illegally modified
  • Ryan is a recent graduate of Burlingame High School, where he was captain of both the cross-country and
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

03/09/2026 - Senate Finance

Senate Finance Committee of Reference

Transcript Highlights:
  • Blue Cross Blue Shield at the time opposed it, with estimates that it cost for women 30 percent more.
  • We told them ahead of time that it was illegal, and it took many, many years for the Supreme Court to
Summary: The Senate Finance Committee approved the February 16, 2026 minutes and then heard House Bill 2173, which would let tax officers and taxpayers communicate electronically about proposed property tax corrections or claims unless certified mail is required. County and assessor representatives supported the bill as a modernization measure, and the committee voted 6-0 to give it a do pass recommendation. The committee then considered several Arizona State Retirement System-related measures and nominations. It recommended confirmation of Thomas J. Connolly as a public member of the ASRS Board and Charles Essex as a retired member, both by 6-0 votes. The committee also passed House Bills 2089, 2090, and 2092, which clarified ASRS health subsidy eligibility, changed the disability determination timing for long-term disability benefits, and adjusted the waiver window for new eligible members age 65 or older. Each of those bills received unanimous or near-unanimous support. Members next approved House Bill 2693, as amended, which revises Arizona’s association health plan and multiple employer welfare arrangement rules to align with current federal law and adds a study by the Department of Administration on state and school employee health insurance options. Supporters said it could expand affordable coverage for small businesses, while Senator Epstein raised concerns about consumer protections, preexisting conditions, and prior fraud issues; the bill passed 5-1. The committee also passed House Bill 2120, allowing Social Security disability determination letters to help certify eligibility for the property tax exemption for disabled persons, and House Bill 2138, clarifying workers’ compensation coverage for firefighters traveling directly to or from duty, both with some discussion but no opposition. Finally, the committee approved House Bill 2273, which creates a one-time $300 income tax rebate for certain Pinal County residents using remaining escrow funds from the county transportation tax litigation, though members debated whether the money should instead go to roads. The bill passed 3-2 after comments from the sponsor, a Pinal County mayor, and senators who said they wanted the funds directed to transportation projects. The committee then passed House Bill 2786, exempting income from renting required college textbooks from transaction privilege tax, and adjourned.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Aeronautics and Transportation Mar 2nd, 2026

Aeronautics and Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • It'll serve Oklahomans, as far as if a wrecker or a trucking company that's uninsured were to cross into
  • I might add that it is illegal to have a plane without being registered in the State of Oklahoma, and
Bills: SB1966 , SB175 , SB1475 , SB1950 , SB2049 , SB2052
Summary: The Senate Aeronautics and Transportation Committee met during deadline week and heard several Senate bills. Senate Bill 1966, naming a bridge after Clyde and Grace Cook, was briefly explained by Senator Bullard and advanced unanimously. Senate Bill 1475, designating the I-35 and Indian Hills Road interchange as the Toby Keith Memorial Interchange, also advanced after members confirmed the family’s support and clarified it was separate from a prior turnpike naming resolution. The committee spent substantial time on Senate Bill 175, which creates an uninsured commercial vehicle recovery reimbursement fund to pay wreckers for cleaning up abandoned uninsured commercial vehicles. Members questioned the use of existing fee revenue, possible overlap with prior weigh station funding, and the $10,000 per-vehicle cap. Despite concerns, the bill advanced on an 8-3 vote. Senate Bill 1950, as amended, would prohibit using ADS-B aircraft tracking data to calculate or collect fees from aircraft owners or operators; the author said the goal was to preserve state registration revenue while preventing private third parties from using the data for fee collection. The bill advanced unanimously. Senate Bill 2049, as amended, would require the Transportation Commission rather than staff or the Attorney General to approve the decision to call a contractor’s bond on ODOT projects. Supporters said it adds oversight and protects staff, while opponents argued it is unnecessary and could delay action; it advanced 10-1. Senate Bill 2052 would update DPS commercial motor vehicle enforcement provisions, increase fines, and route appeals through the administrative process and then district court; members discussed fine levels, appeals, and related weigh station funding. It advanced 9-2, and the meeting adjourned afterward.
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • rights of students don't get protected when they have school officials who get told that things are illegal
  • This is creating an additional burden for our schools as well as crossing the line of students' First
Bills: HB4491 , HB3240 , HB4146 , HB4158 , HB4159 , HB3718
OK
Transcript Highlights:
  • rights of students don't get protected when they have school officials who get told that things are illegal
  • This is creating an additional burden for our schools, as well as crossing the line of students' First
Summary: The A&B Subcommittee on Education heard and advanced several bills, beginning with HB 4491, which would allow virtual charter, charter, and homeschool students to participate in extracurricular activities in their resident school district. The sponsor said the bill was intended to expand student opportunity and was still being worked on, especially on eligibility and proximity requirements. Members raised concerns about accreditation, fairness, and potential disruption, but the bill was reported out 8-2. The committee then approved HB 4146, which moves the state-paid maternity benefit for teachers to begin in a teacher’s first year of employment, and HB 4149, which grants up to 10 years of service credit for certain prior experience, including out-of-state or out-of-country teaching, active-duty military service, law enforcement, and firefighting. HB 4158 raised the income cap for O-TAG grant eligibility to $80,000, and HB 4159 allowed parents to request dyslexia screening after formative assessments at any time during the year, with notice from the State Department; both passed with little opposition. A more contentious debate surrounded HB 3242, which sought to clarify voluntary religious expression in schools and provide Attorney General guidance and legal protections for districts. Supporters argued it protected First Amendment rights and gave schools guardrails, while opponents warned it could expose schools to litigation, create power imbalances, and blur the line between voluntary student expression and school-sponsored religious activity. After debate, the bill passed 6-4. Finally, HB 3718 was heard to address delays in special education evaluations by starting the 45-school-day timeline from the date of request rather than the date of consent, with the sponsor citing families missing scholarship deadlines because evaluations took too long. Members discussed federal timing rules and district practices, and the bill passed 7-3. The chair closed by noting it was the subcommittee’s final House bill meeting of the session.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Labor & Workplace Standards Jan 23rd, 2026 at 10:30 am

Labor & Workplace Standards

Transcript Highlights:
  • tracker, is being offered by Representative Berry and is a technical amendment that corrects an internal cross-reference
  • everything that they're signing up for in their workplace and that they're not being surveilled illegally
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Labor & Workplace Standards Jan 23rd, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • tracker, is being offered by Representative Berry and is a technical amendment that corrects an internal cross-reference
  • everything that they're signing up for in their workplace and that they're not being surveilled illegally
Summary: The Labor and Workplace Standards Committee held a public hearing on House Bill 2479, the Wage Recovery Act, which would create a wage recovery program and account to provide limited advance payments to low-wage workers facing immediate hardship from unpaid wages, while also changing how L&I prioritizes wage complaints and increasing civil penalties for willful wage violations. The bill was described as a consensus product of a labor-business work group, and testimony from the sponsor, work group members, business groups, and labor organizations was strongly supportive, emphasizing faster wage recovery, better enforcement, and a balanced approach to wage theft. No one testified in opposition. The committee then moved into executive session and took action on several bills. It reported out House Bill 291, extending employee contact-information sharing requirements to all state agencies; House Bill 2105, as amended, on notice requirements for I-9 audits and related records; House Bill 2107, as amended, on L&I notice to employers after construction-site hazard inspections; House Bill 2151, as amended, on factory-built housing and inspection standards; House Bill 2190, on compensation for language access providers for missed appointments; House Bill 2303, as amended, prohibiting employer requests or coercion for microchip implantation; and House Bill 2345, as amended, adjusting paid family and medical leave premium allocation to address an IRS-related issue. The committee also deferred action on House Bills 2191 and 2218. Several amendments were adopted during executive session, including technical and policy changes to HB 2105, a carve-out in HB 2151 for certain prefabricated enclosures used for energy equipment, and removal of administrative enforcement from HB 2303. Final votes were largely bipartisan, with most measures passing on voice vote or by recorded vote and receiving due pass recommendations.