Video & Transcript : 'school district levies' :

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MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Minnesota House passes the human services finance bill, HF2434 5/5/25

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Fininki's district, and Representative Johnson's district.
  • districts.
  • districts.
  • districts.
  • districts.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Taxes Committee hearing on HF1066 3/6/25

Transcript Highlights:
  • However, unlike many other elected bodies, SWCDs do not have levy authority.
  • Levy Levy Authority<00:02:08.319><c> we're</c><00:02:08.479><c> at</c><00:02:08.599><c> an</c><00:02
  • </c> Soil and Water Conservation districts Soil and Water Conservation districts across<00:03:24.879>
  • </c><00:04:02.640><c> Aid</c> soyland Water Conservation District Aid soyland Water Conservation District
  • Our soil and water conservation districts do wonderful work.
Summary: The committee took up House File 1066, a Soil and Water Conservation District funding bill. An author’s amendment, 66A1, was offered and adopted by voice vote, putting the bill in the form preferred by the author. The amendment and bill discussion centered on changing the state aid level for SWCDs, with the bill as amended described as eliminating a scheduled reduction in funding and instead increasing the annual appropriation to $22 million. Representative Ryer explained that SWCDs are long-standing, locally elected conservation entities that help preserve soil and water quality, support farmers and homeowners, and do not have levy authority. He said the funding level was based on a bottom-up assessment of district needs and was intended to help districts maintain staffing and address local problems early. Sheila Vany of the Minnesota Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts testified in support, saying the aid has been a major improvement in SWCD funding and describing district work such as lakeshore stabilization, cover crops, nutrient management, lake monitoring, rain gardens, and irrigation guidance. The chair noted the voluntary nature of SWCD work with willing landowners and expressed support for the bill. No opposition testimony was presented, and no department testimony was offered. The committee then laid House File 1066, as amended, over for possible inclusion in the omnibus tax bill.
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
  • districts and charter schools to provide public school students with one or more training sessions in
  • The bill establishes annual attestation requirements for school districts and charter schools regarding
  • The bill establishes annual attestation requirements for school districts and charter schools regarding
  • Madam, members, as amended by the Committee on Education, Senate Bill 1763 requires each school district
  • Finally, the bill requires the Auditor General to prescribe the format of the school district annual
Summary: The caucus reviewed a long agenda of Senate bills across elections, commerce, education, government, health and human services, judiciary, public safety, transportation, rural development, and ways and means. Many measures were described as consent or third-read consent items, including bills on campaign finance termination statements and late-report penalties, AI provenance data for media, adjuster/contractor conduct during emergencies, Industrial Commission changes, association meeting closures, banking and remittance rules, central bank digital currency, public safety parity funding, barbering and cosmetology board continuation, digital asset reserve management, contractor licensing, gaming and racing commission continuation, school AED instruction, classroom removal procedures, school safety reporting, special education complaint transparency, foreign influence and land ownership restrictions, DCS and DES process changes, health care licensing and reimbursement rules, EMS compact adoption, and multiple tax, housing, and transportation measures. Staff repeatedly summarized each bill and answered questions, with several bills noted as mirror or identical to House measures or as strike-everything amendments from committees. A few bills drew discussion. On SB 2874, staff explained that the Senate amendment would limit penalties for untimely campaign finance reports when a committee certifies it received no contributions and made no expenditures, but the sponsor did not concur. SB 1074 prompted questions about whether parental notification changed; staff said it did not and that the bill was aimed at improving communication between teachers and principals about discipline. SB 1175, requiring DCS caseworkers to photograph children at each interaction in abuse or neglect cases, drew concern about the scope of the photos, while supporters said it would improve continuity and documentation. SB 1180 also drew comment because the sponsor and committee chair disagreed over an amendment, though the bill was advanced for further work. The most extended debate came on SB 1751, which would allow death-row inmates to choose firing squad, lethal injection, or lethal gas if voters approve the related constitutional measure. One member strongly opposed the bill on moral and personal grounds, another argued it could be a more humane option if the state is going to carry out executions, and a third raised concern that it could be used against Second Amendment rights. The bill remained on the third-read consent calendar despite the objections. The caucus concluded after moving through the remaining agenda items, with no formal votes recorded in the transcript beyond committee status and consent-calendar placement.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Finance Feb 6th, 2026 at 08:00 am

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • The annual growth of the regular property tax levy revenue is limited by levy growth limits, and in addition
  • district, or regional fire protection service authority.
  • If voters in the impacted taxing district approve a property tax levy lid lift, then the impacted taxing
  • related to that levy lid lift.
  • public hospital districts, for library districts, all of the impacted jurisdictions.
Bills: HB1983 , HB1974 , HB2334 , HB2367 , HB2650 , HB2655
Committee: House Finance
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session Feb 17th, 2026

Washington House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We do it with school bonds and school levies. And many of those pass.
  • As you know, our school districts are facing an ever-growing amount of regulations.
  • Stakeholders that are well informed and knowledgeable about the regulations that school districts are
  • As you know, times change, technology changes, regulations, like school district policies from 100...
  • By the state education agency as well as the local school districts.
Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the prior day’s minutes, received a Senate message that Senate Bill 5489 had passed the Senate, and then took up several House bills on second and third reading. The main debate centered on Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2442, which would give local governments more flexibility to use certain local tax tools for public health clinics, housing, veterans’ assistance, and related purposes. Members offered and voted on multiple amendments, including proposals to require voter approval for tax increases and to strip out or narrow several tax authorizations; some amendments were adopted, including technical and limiting changes, while others were rejected. The bill ultimately passed the House 53-44. The House then passed Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1295, a literacy bill aimed at expanding evidence-based reading instruction and teacher training. Members described it as a long-overdue effort to improve reading outcomes, with supporters citing low grade-level reading proficiency and the need for scientifically based methods; a technical grammar amendment was adopted, and the bill passed 96-1. The chamber also passed Engrossed Second Substitute House Bill 2636, creating a steering committee and JLARC review process to examine school district regulations and unfunded mandates, with broad support and no opposition in the final vote. Other measures passed included Substitute House Bill 2650, making administrative changes to local tax notification and effective-date procedures, and Second Substitute House Bill 2590, which exempts limited equity cooperatives from certain common-interest-community requirements to support affordable housing. House Bill 2610 also passed, allowing nonprofit housing providers to use property for interim community purposes without losing tax benefits, and Substitute House Bill 2343 passed unanimously to require publicly operated facilities to follow the same water-quality discharge rules as private facilities, prompted by concerns about nitrate contamination linked to a state game farm in Centralia. The House also passed Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2225, regulating AI companion chatbots; amendments added public disclosure of crisis referrals, but a proposal to remove the private right of action failed. The bill passed 69-28 after supporters emphasized child safety and opponents raised concerns about litigation and privacy. The House then adjourned to caucus.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 14th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • , or elementary school, or high school.
  • I've been in over, I don't even know, 60 or 70 school districts.
  • Now, I know we're not talking about school district libraries; we're talking about community libraries
  • The legislature spent... ...last session on school districts' library collection development policies
  • as a school district collection development policy.
Committee: House State Affairs
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 14th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • But the folks in my district don't have the manpower, the resources, or the ability to just take off
  • Doesn't a local district attorney do that now?
  • If you think about the city level, the county level, school district level, special districts, and transit
  • Our VFW posts, you've all got at least one in your district, are homes for our veterans.
  • I'm here because that experience with schools, school districts, the TEA, the legislature, and the State
Committee: House State Affairs
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • Levi Bachmeier, superintendent of public instruction, regarding AI education policies in schools, maybe
  • districts.
  • districts.
  • I mean, just as an aside, I used to have a service learner when I worked as a school district administrator
  • There are some people I worked with in my previous school district who were fascinated by this stuff.
Summary: The committee met at Minot State to continue its study of artificial intelligence, with a focus on child safety, sexual exploitation, chatbot risks, and education policy. Members first approved the minutes and then received a Legislative Council overview of AI-related harms to children, including AI-generated child sexual abuse material, deepfakes, extortion, and chatbot companion risks. The memo reviewed North Dakota and federal law, recent state enactments, First Amendment limits, and examples from other states, including Connecticut’s AI companion safeguards and federal efforts such as the Take It Down Act. Members discussed whether North Dakota’s existing 2025 laws on minors and harmful material are strong enough in light of recent court decisions, and Legislative Council indicated it would provide additional comparison material before the next meeting. Superintendent Levi Bachmeier then presented on AI in education, arguing that schools need guardrails but should not ban AI outright. He said AI should be treated as a tool that can support instruction, teacher efficiency, and digital literacy, while warning against passive use, academic integrity problems, and overreliance on machines. He suggested embedding AI and digital literacy across subjects rather than creating a standalone class, and said schools should provide basic instruction when students receive one-to-one devices. Members asked about parent concerns, local control, higher education partnerships, and how to balance access with safety; Bachmeier emphasized a “threading the needle” approach and said the department would likely seek more guidance on digital literacy and cybersecurity. Special Agent Hellseth of BCI followed with testimony on AI and child exploitation. He said AI is already being used in North Dakota to create explicit images from innocent photos, impersonate children and adults, and facilitate grooming, harassment, and extortion. He described several cases involving AI-generated sexual images and said victims often suffer lasting trauma even when the images are fake. Hellseth explained that investigators use AI tools themselves to process large volumes of data and identify synthetic images, but that the workload is growing and victim services need expansion. He urged stronger accountability for companies, more resources for law enforcement and victim support, and continued training and public education. Members asked about cyber tip volume, staffing, false accusations, and corporate reporting obligations; Hellseth said every tip is reviewed, the unit is small but expanding, and current federal reporting laws are not proactive enough. Representative Porter suggested combining the Legislative Council memo and Bachmeier’s recommendations into a comprehensive bill draft for the next meeting.
WY
Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> protection districts. protection districts.
  • . districts. districts.
  • </c> dependent on mill levies? dependent on mill levies?
  • We're not talking fire districts, special districts, counties, all the other things.
  • :12.240><c> special</c> not talking fire districts, special not talking fire districts, special districts
Summary: The chairman opened by explaining that the committee would hear proposed interim topics and then rank them by written submissions rather than debating them one by one. The Public Service Commission presented two topics: an educational session on small water utilities, citing maintenance needs, water-quality compliance, and difficulty accessing capital, and a review of civil penalties for pipeline safety violations because Wyoming’s statutory penalties are far below federal levels and could affect compliance and funding. Members and outside presenters then outlined a range of additional topics. Representative Campbell proposed work on fire protection districts and EMS districts, focusing on financial stability, mill levies, and possible county authority to combine districts and levies. He also raised public records at meetings, corporate filing fees, and fraudulent corporate filings. The Community College Commission proposed updating annexation statutes so communities can join community college districts more easily, especially where current mill-levy rules create funding issues. Senator Crago supported the fraudulent corporate filings topic and noted related technology-based solutions and overlap with blockchain issues. Other proposals included CPA “Pathways” licensing changes to address a shortage of accountants, a review of public meetings and public records laws, continuation of the electricity study with emphasis on grid reliability and large-load capacity constraints, and a broader review of the public meetings and records act. Ashley Harpstreith of the Wyoming Association of Municipalities supported extending municipal audit deadlines and described a statewide shortage of auditors and CPAs. Healthy Wyoming proposed studying health coverage options for low-income working adults, including state-sponsored or cooperative models. Representative Chestek proposed making most nonpartisan county offices elected on a nonpartisan basis. No votes or final selections were taken in the portion provided; the committee mainly heard testimony and discussed whether topics should be assigned to this committee or another one.
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee 3/13/25

Judiciary Finance and Civil Law

Transcript Highlights:
  • Dosland said the bill will remove confusion that school districts have about what information is to be
  • She said they are seeking a limited exception to allow school districts the option to provide parent
  • what</c> school districts have about what school districts have about what information<00:26:08.520>
  • </c> limited exception to allow school limited exception to allow school districts<00:26:15.120><c> the
  • </c> additional question about like um School additional question about like um School levies<00:31:21.200
Bills: HF1027 , HF101 , HF1021
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Anonymous threat reporting 3/24/26

Minnesota House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • <c> create</c> those school districts that will create those school districts that will create their<
  • :14:24.880><c> the</c><00:14:25.279><c> this</c> school districts cannot absorb the this school districts
  • on</c> but fails for school districts to act on but fails for school districts to act on it.<00:14:43.680
  • Francis um school in my district.
  • </c><00:48:24.800><c> districts,</c> We impose mandates on school districts, We impose mandates on school
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Jobs and Economic Development - 02/03/25

Jobs and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • The agency's service area is determined by the boundaries of school districts containing unmined iron
  • The entire service area encompasses 13,000 square miles, 53 cities, 134 townships, 15 school districts
  • </c> determined by the boundaries of school determined by the boundaries of school districts<00:34:43.159
  • </c><00:35:18.040><c> districts</c> cities 134 townships 15 school districts cities 134 townships 15
  • school districts and<00:35:18.960><c> portions</c><00:35:19.440><c> of</c><00:35:19.640><c> four</c><
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Children, Families, and Elder Affairs Feb 10th, 2026

Children, Families, and Elder Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • It also authorizes OIR to levy fines or penalties on insurance companies and DCF to levy fines or penalties
  • C.S. for SB 556 on requirements for a standard high school diploma by Senator Berman.
  • Under this bill, a student with a disability who participates in the Special Olympics for one school
  • And I had to make a request to the school.
  • district.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Sep 4th, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The Honorable Trita, Assembly Member, 70th District, presiding.
  • Somebody member Elwharee. to taxation to take effect immediately tax levy.
  • tribal regalia at graduation and other school-related ceremonies.
  • It's the difference between whether your brothers are in school or not. Thank you.
  • schools.
Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, prayer, and pledge, then handled a large consent and concurrence agenda. Early procedural actions included moving several Senate bills to the inactive file, setting a September 5 amendment deadline for floor managers, rescinding passage of SB 733 for further action, withdrawing AB 710 from committee to the third reading file, and re-referring AB 406 to Labor and Employment. The chamber also recognized guests and celebrated Assembly Member Muratsuchi’s birthday. The Assembly adopted several resolutions, including HR 58 declaring October 2025 California Promotoras Month, HR 70 recognizing Direct Support Professionals Recognition Week, HR 71 designating National Fried Rice Day, and HR 67 commemorating All California Day. Members also concurred in Senate amendments or passed a series of bills on topics including insurance, horses and community events, emergency vehicles, Medi-Cal provider directories, geological survey duties, CPA regulation, muralist licensing, tax technical corrections, water planning, used-car fee protections, rural health workforce support, coastal affordable housing, and foster youth funding. Most of these measures passed with little or no opposition. A major floor debate centered on SB 694, which would prohibit unaccredited companies from charging veterans fees to help with VA disability claims and would strengthen state consumer protections and enforcement. Supporters argued it would stop predatory “claim sharks” from exploiting veterans and protect benefits; opponents and some supporters raised concerns about access, choice, and uneven county VSO capacity, urging broader reforms and more funding for veteran services. After extensive debate from multiple members, the bill passed 46-0. The Assembly also concurred in SB 576 on streaming ad volume, SB 512 on transportation tax ballot initiatives, and additional concurrence items, with some measures receiving recorded no votes but still passing.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

House and Governmental Affairs Mar 18th, 2026

House and Governmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • So with the district attorney, so if you've got a person who's been challenged, the district attorney
  • boards, sheriffs, preservation districts, historical districts, and security districts.
  • He said that local government, school boards, sheriffs, preservation districts, historical districts,
  • Cormier; I see my lady from LMA; and we have some school board folks. Ms.
  • City, parish, school board, sheriff, water district. Everybody—that's the only time we can do it.
Summary: The Committee on House and Governmental Affairs met on March 18 and first adopted the minutes from its February 21 meeting. The committee then took up HB 250, which would have narrowed financial disclosure requirements for appointed, unpaid board and commission members by exempting immediate family information. Supporters said the bill would reduce burdens and help recruit volunteers, while opponents argued it would weaken ethics enforcement and create opportunities for undisclosed conflicts of interest. After debate and a roll call, the committee deadlocked and HB 250 failed to advance on a 6-6 vote with one abstention. The committee next considered HB 576, which transfers ownership and maintenance responsibility for the Old Governor’s Mansion to the Department of State and codifies its current operational role. Secretary of State Nancy Landry and mansion staff testified in support, describing expanded programming, increased visitors, and the need to align the statute with current practice. The committee adopted technical amendments and then reported HB 576 favorably without objection. The committee also heard HB 117, which recreates the Department of State and its statutory entities through July 1, 2033, and reported it favorably without objection. The major remaining item was HB 842, the annual omnibus elections bill, which makes numerous technical and substantive changes to election law, including voter assistance for people with disabilities, absentee ballot and petition procedures, inactive voter updates, and election contest deadlines. Several members and public witnesses raised concerns about disability documentation, absentee ballot curing, witness requirements, constitutional amendment challenge deadlines, and the scope of authority given to the Secretary of State, while others said the bill clarified existing practice and improved election administration. After adopting amendments and rejecting a motion to defer, the committee reported HB 842 favorably by an 8-5 vote.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • , Minnesota School Boards Association: 331 school districts across Minnesota.
  • School districts don't have the authority to just levy for increased costs.
  • School districts don't have the authority to just levy for increased costs, so there is a tax impact
  • </c><01:09:13.960><c> don't</c> to me about this school districts don't to me about this school districts
  • <c> or</c> that that school districts or cities or that that school districts or cities or counties<01
Summary: The committee took up House File 1325 and adopted the author’s A2 amendment before hearing testimony. Representative Schultz presented the bill as a set of bipartisan changes to make Minnesota’s earned sick and safe time law more workable for small businesses, public employers, and taxpayers, arguing the current law is an unfunded mandate that increases costs and property taxes. The bill’s supporters said it would add flexibility, including changes affecting coverage for certain workers, employer size thresholds, front-loading, weather-related exceptions, and a delay on penalties. Commissioner Nicole Blissenbach of the Department of Labor and Industry opposed the bill, saying it would exclude about 800,000 workers, or roughly 30% of the workforce, from earned sick and safe time protections and create confusion and enforcement problems. She also objected to the proposed penalty delay, saying the department already uses compliance assistance and needs penalty authority for serious violations. The Minnesota Chamber supported modifications to the mandate, saying businesses—especially small ones—have struggled with compliance and that the law has had unintended effects on PTO policies and leave use. The League of Minnesota Cities supported parts of the bill, especially changes affecting more generous city leave policies and weather-event exemptions, saying current language creates confusion and can interfere with emergency staffing. Opponents from Education Minnesota, SEIU Minnesota, TakeAction Minnesota, and a nurse from Unity Hospital argued the bill would strip protections from part-time workers, minors, and workers with family caregiving needs, and would weaken a law they said has helped workers avoid discipline or lost wages when sick. Supporters from counties and an HR consultant emphasized administrative burdens, emergency staffing needs during weather events, and the difficulty of applying ESS rules to existing leave policies. No final vote on the bill was taken in the portion of the meeting provided; the bill was laid over for further consideration.
MS

Mississippi 2026 Regular Session

Local and Private - Room 210, 24 March, 2026; 10:45 AM

Local and Private

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> um district um district that<00:02:07.280><c> has</c><00:02:07.520><c> the</c><00:02:07.600><c>
  • </c><00:03:16.920><c> to</c> Industrial Fire and Rescue District to Industrial Fire and Rescue District
  • This is to extend the repealer for the city of Fulton levying the taxes.
  • </c> city of Fulton levying the taxes. city of Fulton levying the taxes.
  • Mississippi Regional Wastewater District operations.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Revenue and Taxation Committee Apr 28th, 2025

Revenue and Taxation

Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm Matt Robinson with the Monterey-Salinas Transit District. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
  • I'm Matt Robinson with the Monterey-Salinas Transit District. As Ms.
  • , serving all of your districts, by about $25 million annually.
  • , serving all of your districts by about $25 million annually.
  • Again, these measures are not tax levy or urgency measures.
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation met first as a subcommittee and then took up several bills, with the chair explaining that measures with large fiscal impacts would be held on suspense and that tax levy bills would return at a later hearing. AB 761 (Addis) would let the Monterey-Salinas Transit District place a local sales tax measure on the ballot with approval from two-thirds of its board rather than separate approval from each member jurisdiction; supporters said it would help preserve transit services for veterans, seniors, and people with disabilities, while one member objected to making it easier to raise regressive sales taxes. The bill was voted out 5-2 after a call of absent members. AB 1253 (Schultz), which would clarify property tax treatment for wildfire reconstruction done under emergency permits, received support from the California Assessors Association but was sent to suspense. AB 8 (Aguiar-Curry), dealing with hemp enforcement, intoxicating hemp products, and integration into the cannabis supply chain, drew strong support from cannabis businesses, labor, and local government groups, but opposition from small cultivators and public health advocates who warned about tax losses and conflicts with Proposition 64; it was also sent to suspense. AB 1138 (Zabur/Quirk-Silva), a major expansion and modernization of the film and television tax credit program, drew extensive support from entertainment unions, studios, and workers who said the industry is losing jobs to other states and countries, while opponents argued the state should not keep using targeted tax credits; the bill was sent to suspense. AB 829 (Sharp Collins), creating a Parkinson’s Disease Research Fund and voluntary tax contribution program, passed 6-0 to Appropriations. AB 474 (Ward), which would exempt certain nonprofit home-sharing income for low-income homeowners and protect eligibility for benefits, was also sent to suspense after supporters said it could help older adults age in place and address homelessness. AB 376 (Tangipa), exempting wildfire settlement payments from state income tax, was sent to suspense with support from rural counties. AB 480 (Quirk-Silva), allowing developers to convert allocated low-income housing tax credits to certificated credits to maximize value, was likewise sent to suspense.
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Tuesday, March 24, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • A graduate of Bigville High School, Levi is the son of Ken and Amy Haynes.
  • Levi.
  • ,</c> the entire 13th Congressional District, the entire 13th Congressional District, I<00:12:48.000>
  • The leadership of the school districts in Indian River County and the educators at Vero Beach High School
  • ,</c> their first civilian flight school, their first civilian flight school, little<04:51:52.160><c>
NY

New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

New York State Senate Session - 03/18/2026

New York Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • WHO ARE MOST VULNERABLE BUT SHE'S SOMEONE THAT MAKES SENATE DISTRICT 52 PROUD.
  • There is probably very few districts represented in this room that does not have a Prince Hall Masonic
  • THERE IS PROBABLY VERY FEW DISTRICTS REPRESENTED IN THIS ROOM THAT DOES NOT HAVE A PRINCE HALL MASONIC
  • In Senate District 14, I've had the privilege of working alongside many leaders, including Rashid Ali
  • AS THE OLDEST INDEPENDENT LAW SCHOOL IN THE NATION AND TO THINK IT IS RIGHT HERE IN ALBANY.
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and approval of the prior day’s journal, then moved through a series of introductions and resolutions recognizing Women’s History Month honorees, Prince Hall Masons and Eastern Stars, Agriculture Week, Pakistan-American Heritage Day, visiting Mercaz Academy students, and the 175th anniversary of Albany Law School. Several senators spoke in support of the commemorations, and each resolution was adopted. The chamber then took up a number of bills on the calendar. Among the measures passed were bills related to insurance, private housing finance, public health, mental hygiene, real property, elder law, public authorities, and environmental conservation. One bill on the Environmental Conservation Law drew a procedural challenge over a proposed amendment; the Chair’s ruling that the amendment was nongermane was upheld by a show of hands, after which the bill passed. Another bill amending the Emergency Tenant Protection Act was debated on the issue of vacant rent-stabilized units and LLC ownership transparency, with supporters saying it would help identify responsible owners and opponents arguing it was too broad and could impose unclear penalties; it ultimately passed. The most extended debate centered on a real property bill concerning electronic rent payment systems and automated clearinghouse fees. Supporters framed it as a transparency measure that lets tenants choose whether to use such systems, while critics questioned how fees would be handled and whether the bill would affect landlord costs. After debate, the bill passed. A public health bill sponsored by Senator Webb also passed after she explained it was intended to improve transparency and oversight of changes to maternity and perinatal services amid concerns about maternal health deserts and hospital closures. The Senate then completed the calendar and adjourned until the next day.