Transcript Highlights:

• Um, you bring up a good point, which is that we found a high, the highest concentration of helium in
• We do so in supporting 20 high-paying jobs at the Hibbing Renewable Energy Center.
• You know, you look at a wind tower and, oh, there's a lot... of of fossil carbon.
• <01:15:59.440> High-speed,<01:16:00.239> low our customers demand.
• High-speed, low our customers demand. High-speed, low latency<01:16:01.239> broadband.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• far as the development of AI, and that's because they have unregulated energy, and we don't want to wind
• far as the development of AI, and that's because they have unregulated energy, and we don't want to wind
• far as the development of AI, and that's because they have unregulated energy, and we don't want to wind

Keywords: Meeting Start 00:00 Attendance Roll Call 00:56 SJR 28 Discussion 01:44 SJR 28 Roll Call Vote 03:32 SB 179 Discussion 04:08 SB 179 Roll Call Vote 07:33, 958, all

Summary: The committee opened with a prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, roll call, and approval of the minutes. After no special guests were recognized, members took up a joint resolution carried by Senator Nemes for Senator Adams concerning reformulated gasoline requirements in Jefferson County and parts of Oldham and Bullitt counties. The resolution would direct the Energy and Environmental Cabinet to revise the state air quality implementation plan to remove the reformulated gas mandate. Senator Nemes argued the requirement is outdated and has little practical effect given modern vehicles and fuel standards, and members voted to pass the resolution unanimously. The committee then heard Senate Bill 179 from Senator Danny Carroll, which would create a nuclear energy development grant program within the Nuclear Energy Development Authority. Carroll explained that the bill would set aside $10 million from the previously appropriated $40 million investment for grants supporting nuclear energy development in Kentucky, with grants capped at $2 million and administered entirely by NEITA rather than through Economic Development. He and several members emphasized the need for Kentucky to invest in nuclear energy to keep pace with states like Tennessee, which was cited as having invested heavily and attracting business activity around small modular reactors. Members expressed strong support for the bill, with Senator West and others praising the initiative and calling it important for Kentucky’s energy future. The committee voted the bill out favorably with an expression that it shall pass. Before adjournment, the chair encouraged members to review the other energy bills that had been heard recently and stressed the importance of moving quickly on energy policy measures. A motion was then requested to close the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, that's what you have before you today: a reasonable compromise backed by a high-integrity department
• Minnesota has become a leader nationwide when it comes to high path response and ramped up biosecurity
• Are taking advantage of that to manage this high path in avian influenza virus.
• have heard in previous committees that last year we had too much rain, then not enough rain, we had high
• winds that laid down the crop, and then we had hail.

Transcript Highlights:

• I think I would have dropped out of high school if it weren't for the support I received.
• will help thousands of kids who may have been like the kid I was talking about, who would drop out of high
• After three months of being there, they said he’s got a high.
• And the reality is that because kids can't read, they wind up incarcerated.
• I actually grew up in Spring Branch ISD, so I'm here to represent Spring Woods High School.

Keywords: special education, funding gap, dyslexia, House Bill 2, Senate Bill 568, House Bill 3928, disability penalty

Summary: The meeting primarily focused on special education funding, with significant discussions around House Bill 2 (HB2), Senate Bill 568 (SB568), and House Bill 3928 (HB3928). Key speakers advocated for increased funding to close the estimated $1.7 billion annual gap that affects special education in Texas public schools. Several witnesses, including educators and students affected by dyslexia, provided personal testimonies about the impact of insufficient funding and the disability penalty, which penalizes schools financially for identifying students needing special education services. The committee demonstrated a strong commitment to advocate for changes that would improve special education resources and training for teachers, thereby ensuring that all Texas children receive the educational support they need to thrive.

Transcript Highlights:

• We don't have mean we have wind as well.
• We don't have 200<00:51:41.200> mph<00:51:41.839> winds,<00:51:42.640> but<00:51
• We certainly have some wind exposure, but the hail is the most costly peril.
• > exposure certainly have some wind exposure certainly have some wind exposure certainly<00:58
• claim because the statute doesn't say wind in it or all perils.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The task force approved the minutes from the previous meeting and then reviewed the structure and statutory requirements for its final report. Staff explained that the report must go to the commissioners of commerce, housing finance, and economic development, as well as relevant legislative leaders, and must include a summary of task force activities, adopted findings and recommendations, tort reform recommendations to reduce insurance costs, any draft legislation, and other necessary information. A draft report, likely excluding recommendations and draft legislation, is expected to be circulated before the first January meeting. Most of the meeting focused on the Fair Plan and whether it could be expanded to help homeowners associations, affordable housing, and common interest communities that are struggling to obtain coverage. Supporters said these groups are facing availability problems and often end up in the surplus lines market, which lacks the consumer protections of the admitted market. They argued the Fair Plan could serve as a third-market option with stronger protections and better access, especially for properties that are having difficulty getting quotes. Several members and witnesses raised concerns that the Fair Plan was never intended to be a broad affordability solution and warned against using it to artificially lower prices below risk-based levels. They said doing so could shift losses onto other policyholders through assessments and potentially weaken the broader insurance market. The Fair Plan administrator explained that any expansion would require substantial research, staffing, actuarial and underwriting expertise, reinsurance planning, IT changes, and likely assessments or other capitalization decisions, and that the plan would need to focus on a limited subset of properties rather than the entire market. No votes were taken on policy recommendations, and the discussion ended with agreement that more information and scoping work are needed before any formal recommendation is made.

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> Well, thank you for the comment, and I think that the public has gotten wind of this and our calling
• 31.360> gotten think that that the public has gotten think that that the public has gotten winded
• 32.880> our<00:13:33.200> calling<00:13:33.600> because<00:13:34.399> uh winded
• this and our calling because uh winded this and our calling because uh the<00:13:34.720> House

Keywords: Meeting Start: 00:02 Attendance Roll Call: 00:06 SB 10 (Sen. McDaniel): 00:56 SB 51 (Sen. Nemes): 08:30 Adjournment: 17:23, 958, all

Summary: The Senate State and Local Government Committee met and first considered Senate Bill 10, a proposed constitutional amendment to restrict the governor’s pardon power during the 60 days before a gubernatorial election and until a new governor is sworn in, effectively limiting pardons for 90 days in a four-year term. Sponsor Senator McDaniel argued the measure was a response to abuses of the pardon power and said it would force accountability before voters. Senator Herron raised a concern about a possible chilling effect on pardons but supported the bill after asking about the historical example cited. The committee voted unanimously 11-0 to pass the bill with favorable expression. The committee then took up Senate Bill 51, which would freeze property tax assessment increases for homeowners age 65 and older who reside in their homes, with the assessment resuming if the home is sold, vacated, or the owner moves to a nursing home or with family. Senator Neis described the bill as relief for seniors on fixed incomes facing rising property taxes, and he walked through the fiscal impact as a budgeted-revenue issue rather than an actual loss of current revenue. Several members spoke in support, saying constituents frequently raise concerns about being priced out of their homes and that the bill would help seniors remain in their communities. During the roll call on SB 51, Senator Chambers Armstrong said he wished the bill were means-tested but supported it because of its importance to low-income seniors; Senator Bledsoe also explained his support, citing senior homeowners in Fayette County; and Senator McDaniel said it complemented broader housing efforts and should go to the people for a vote. The committee reported SB 51 with favorable expression, then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Given the consistent appreciation in agricultural land and assets, market value can be very high for
• be an example: last year on my farm, our farm had too much rain, then not enough rain, way too much wind
• So last year on my farm, our farm had too much rain, then not enough rain, way too much wind, hail.
• So last year on my farm, our farm had too much rain, then not enough rain, way too much wind, hail.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• We did some further analysis on the crumb rubber and found it at high concentration.
• And of course, the electric one started right up and had just as much torque and was as high quality
• During my AP Environmental Science class in high school, I conducted research on E. coli levels before
• I mean, we have these broad discussions about fossil fuels and wind and all these energy things, but
• It’s because it’s so high, it’s so concentrated. So, sorry, but I couldn’t complete one ahead.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Environment and Natural Resources held a hybrid hearing with testimony on a range of environmental bills. Early testimony focused on H. 1018, which would update management of the Commonwealth’s water resources and limit new conditions on historic water registrations. Water officials from Wellesley and the Springfield Water and Sewer Commission supported the bill, arguing that drought-related restrictions on registered withdrawals are difficult to administer, create customer confusion, and can undermine utility revenue needed for infrastructure upgrades. A Massachusetts Waterworks Association representative also backed the bill, saying registered systems have long operated within their allocations and should not have those withdrawals conditioned by regulation. A major portion of the hearing centered on H. 1040, which would ban tire-derived materials on playgrounds and playing fields. The bill’s petitioner, environmental advocates, and an environmental chemist testified that crumb rubber and other tire-derived infill can release chemicals into soil and water and may pose risks to aquatic life and public health. Committee members asked about alternatives and costs; witnesses said natural grass and some organic infills are available, though more research is needed on some substitutes. Rep. Schwartz also testified on CSO-related bills, describing combined sewer overflows as a public health and environmental problem and saying the bills set deadlines but leave implementation methods to local and regional officials. Rep. Chacolo supported H. 909, a grant program for low-noise, low-emission landscape equipment, citing worker health, noise, and emissions concerns, and Sen. Cyr testified for bills addressing coastal and environmental acidification and nutrient pollution. The hearing also included extensive testimony on H. 4040, which would prevent discharge of radioactive materials from the Pilgrim decommissioning process. Speakers including a Sierra Club representative, a physician, and the Massachusetts Lobstermen’s Association opposed Holtec’s plan to dispose of radioactive wastewater through evaporation or discharge, citing public health, transparency, and economic risks to fisheries and coastal communities. Another large block of testimony addressed CSO legislation, especially H. 1046 and related bills for the MWRA service area. Environmental groups, residents, and river users described sewage overflows into the Charles, Mystic, and Alewife Brook, impacts on health and recreation, and the need for a timeline to eliminate or sharply reduce overflows. Industry representatives opposed the CSO and waste bills, arguing they would be costly, duplicative, and disruptive, while waste facility operators said they already use continuous emissions monitoring and comply with existing regulations. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• ,<00:23:13.640> solar,<00:23:14.640> market for nuclear, coal, wind, solar, market
• for nuclear, coal, wind, solar, market solar,<00:23:15.280> and<00:23:15.520> community
• It’s competitive with wind, which it wasn’t quite as competitive a few years ago.
• It’s competitive with wind, which it wasn’t quite as competitive a few years ago.
• It’s competitive with wind, which it wasn’t quite as competitive a few years ago.

Bills: HF2438

Keywords: transportation finance, transportation policy, MnDOT, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Department of Public Safety, Metropolitan Council, highway funding, trunk highway fund, county state-aid highway fund, municipal state-aid street fund, state aid roads, local roads, bridge funding, road construction, transit funding, passenger rail, freight rail, aviation, airport development, safe routes to school

Transcript Highlights:

• . >> We need some winded units in this place. >> We need some winded units in this place.

Keywords: 923, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• to reality and when it doesn't we wind to reality and when it doesn't we wind up<00:06:07.039>
• <00:07:18.800> up frequency with which fads wind up frequency with which fads wind up getting
• <01:13:18.520> School the sidelines of the bo High School the sidelines of the bo High School
• were parents who were guests at a high were parents who were guests at a high School<01:25:24.960
• <01:38:16.280> school before they even had a high school before they even had a high school

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on HB 129, which would redefine “evidence-based” in public education to require objective, science-based evidence for pedagogical methods. The prime sponsor said the bill is a verbatim reintroduction from the prior session and argued that current federal definitions are too vague, allowing subjective surveys and other weak evidence to justify teaching methods. He said the bill is limited to pedagogy, not subject matter, and is intended to improve student outcomes, reduce fad-driven practices, and potentially save money by limiting unnecessary retraining and new materials. Members asked repeatedly about the bill’s scope, including whether it would affect classroom teachers, curriculum content, and existing instructional approaches such as phonics versus whole language or queuing. The sponsor said the bill applies to state and local education bodies and educator training policies, not individual teachers in their classrooms, and that teachers would retain flexibility. He also said standardized testing could be part of a scientific study but is not itself a study, and that textbook providers could be asked to furnish the studies supporting instructional guidance included in their materials. Several members raised concerns about the fiscal note and possible cost shifts to local districts and taxpayers. The sponsor disputed the idea that the bill would necessarily create major new costs or require additional staff, saying any costs would likely be limited and that the department is already applying federal evidence-based rules. He also said if some current methods are not science-based, updating them would be justified even if there were some initial expense. No vote or final action was taken in the portion of the meeting provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• found it was charging<01:38:34.280> tenants<01:38:34.760> illegally<01:38:35.320> High
• <01:38:35.639> rates charging tenants illegally High rates charging tenants illegally High
• Wind turbines frequently use a diesel motor to start them because the blades are so heavy that the wind
• Yes, I would agree to that, and it falls under the same problem as the wind turbines.
• turbines so thank you for the wind turbines so thank you for that<03:45:54.800> representative

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So I guess I would go a little bit beyond the availability of real high-quality service.
• Rates in California have risen nearly 30% above inflation over the past decade, with increases as high
• And with private insurers refusing to... ...is as high as 150% in some areas.
• I'm a constituent of Senator Richardson and I go to San Peter High School.
• High risk, no reward, no return. I mean, I understand that. So, appreciate all of the dialogue.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, here we are on the long and winding road.
• And winding road, the long and winding road that began with a special session in January and ends today
• Well, there is no taking over high-performing schools.
• You know, and I go to a Boone High School graduation.
• But you are going to change everything in a high-performing, high-functioning school. Why?

Summary: The House met on the final day of session, swore in Representatives Boyles and Hodgers, and observed a moment of silence for the Minnesota House Speaker Melissa Hortman and her husband, as well as for Representative Rosenwald’s father. The chamber then moved into final budget work, with leaders outlining the plan to take up H.J.R. 5019, HB 7031, HB 5017, HB 5015, and then the general appropriations act once the Senate transmitted it. H.J.R. 5019, a proposed constitutional amendment to expand the budget stabilization fund, was explained and amended to raise the rainy day fund cap, require annual deposits, and allow withdrawals for critical state needs by a two-thirds vote; it passed 100-1. The House then adopted the conference report on HB 7031, the tax package. The bill repeals the business rent tax and aviation fuel tax, delays the natural gas fuel tax, creates or expands several sales tax holidays and exemptions, including permanent exemptions for disaster-preparedness items, hunting/fishing/camping items, and ammunition and firearms-related purchases, and makes changes to property, corporate income, local tax, and economic development provisions. Members debated the removal of recurring housing trust fund and transit-related revenue streams, the new ammunition exemption, and the data center tax changes; supporters argued the package reduces taxes and preserves annual budget flexibility, while opponents raised concerns about housing, transportation, and gun violence. The conference report passed 93-7. HB 5017, creating a debt reduction program funded by a recurring transfer to retire state bonds early, passed unanimously. HB 5015, the state group insurance conforming bill, which directs DMS to develop a formulary management plan and codifies the administrative health insurance assessment, also passed. The House then began explanation and questions on the fiscal year 2025-26 general appropriations act, described as a $115.1 billion budget that is down $3.8 billion from the current year and includes more than $12 billion in reserves. Subcommittee chairs summarized major spending areas, including pre-K-12 funding increases, health care funding for Medicaid, KidCare, nursing homes, opioid treatment, and mental health, transportation and economic development funding, environmental and water projects, higher education, state administration, justice, and information technology. Questions focused on school vouchers, inflationary pressures on school districts, and the adequacy of funding for housing, transportation, and other priorities.

Transcript Highlights:

• Members, here we are on the long and winding road.
• And winding road, the long and winding road that began with a special session in January and ends today
• Well, there is no taking over high-performing schools.
• You know, and I go to a Boone High School graduation.
• But you are going to change everything in a high-performing, high-functioning school. Why?

Summary: The House convened on the final day of session, observed a moment of silence for the Minnesota House Speaker Melissa Hortman and her husband, and for Representative Rosenwald’s father, then swore in and seated new members Boyles and Hodgers. The Speaker also outlined the chamber’s end-of-session priorities, including action on the budget and related conforming bills. The House then took up H.J.R. 5019, a constitutional amendment to expand Florida’s budget stabilization fund by raising the cap, requiring annual transfers, and allowing withdrawals for critical state needs. After sponsor explanations and questions about what would qualify as a critical need and how the fund might respond to possible federal funding cuts, the House adopted an amendment that added more flexibility for suspending transfers and withdrawals. The joint resolution then passed on final passage. Members next considered HB 7031, the tax package conference report. The bill repeals the business rent tax and aviation fuel tax, delays the natural gas fuel tax, creates or extends several sales tax exemptions and holidays, and makes changes affecting property taxes, local taxes, pari-mutuel taxes, and revenue distributions. Debate focused heavily on the new permanent exemption for ammunition and hunting-related items, the elimination of recurring housing trust fund and transit-related distributions, and the shift of some funding from recurring to nonrecurring status. Supporters argued the package provides tax relief and preserves annual budget flexibility, while opponents criticized the ammunition exemption and the reductions in recurring housing and transit support. The conference report was adopted and the bill passed. The House then passed HB 5017, which creates a debt reduction program funded by a recurring transfer from general revenue to retire state bonds early, and HB 5015, the state group insurance conforming bill, which directs DMS to develop a formulary management plan and codifies the administrative health insurance assessment. Finally, the chamber began explanation and questions on the General Appropriations Act conference report for fiscal year 2025-26, described as a $115.1 billion budget that is down from the current year and includes more than $12 billion in reserves. Subcommittee chairs summarized major budget areas, including K-12 education, health care, transportation and economic development, agriculture and natural resources, higher education, state administration, justice, and information technology, highlighting funding for school choice, Medicaid, housing, transportation infrastructure, Everglades restoration, workforce programs, cybersecurity, and technology modernization.

Transcript Highlights:

• On behalf of Anaheim Union High School District and Scaling Student Success.
• You know, I'll provide a high... a high-level overview of a few of these investments, you know, inclusive
• So you indicated that the, for the redesign of middle and high schools.
• It's been a high priority for many communities.
• So more high schoolers?

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• As most of us know, the transformative project has already created 15,372 high-quality jobs, engaged
• For over a decade, Fresno has been planning around what would be the nation's first high-speed rail,
• rail station is proposed to be there, and the connection to Brea eventually through the High Desert
• Seeing no other comments, note to the Senator: as you know, I'm a strong supporter of the high-speed
• ALPRs are high-speed cameras that can rapidly scan numerous computer-readable images.

Summary: The Assembly Transportation Committee heard several measures, beginning with SB 86, which would extend and expand the CAEATFA sales and use tax exclusion program through 2031, raise the annual cap from $100 million to $200 million, and add fusion energy. Supporters, including the State Treasurer and industry and labor representatives, cited billions in clean-tech investment, job creation, and environmental benefits; county groups opposed the bill over local revenue losses. The committee approved SB 86 on a 12-0 roll, holding the roll open for additional members. The committee then heard SB 545, which would require Go-Biz to study economic development opportunities along the California high-speed rail corridor, including land value, development incentives, and public-private partnerships. Labor, Fresno’s mayor’s office, and other stakeholders supported the bill as a way to spur corridor development and future funding opportunities, while one business group moved from opposition to neutral after amendments. The bill passed on a 9-1 vote, with the roll held open. Members next considered SB 63, a Bay Area transit funding measure authorizing a regional revenue measure to support transit operations amid looming fiscal shortfalls. The author and witnesses described severe service cuts that could follow without new funding, while committee members raised concerns about the bill’s structure, county participation, polling, and whether other revenue options should be considered. The bill advanced on a 9-3 vote, with the roll held open, and the committee also approved SB 263, directing a state study of tariff impacts on California’s economy and supply chains, on an 11-0 vote. Finally, the committee heard SB 661, which would redirect aviation-related tax revenues back to airports for aviation purposes and bring the state into compliance with federal requirements; testimony focused on airport modernization, rural access, and allocation formulas, but no final vote was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• You know, when these credits get capped and then they wind up getting a penalty and interest bill, this
• It was pretty high. Here's what I'm looking for.
• Interesting enough, you know, we're always criticized, saying your sales tax rates are so high and so
• So that's why we made that the high water mark. In regards to the rule, so this is where my...
• If I don't replace it, I've got a high value that is decreasing.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Well, I am going to wind it up, but I've waited 12 years, okay? Or will he say nothing?
• I'm a retired law enforcement officer, a retired high school teacher.
• And I came in here with an array of horse. law enforcement officer, retired high school teacher, and
• And she was a freshman in high school when her dad died. This is ridiculous.
• That is going to close our public comments, and we are going to wind up here.

Summary: The hearing focused on the long-delayed Southern California Veterans Cemetery project at Gypsum Canyon in Anaheim, with opening remarks from Assemblymember Sharon Quirk-Silva, Senator Tom Umberg, and Assemblymember Avelino Valencia emphasizing the project’s importance to Orange County veterans and families. Anaheim city leaders, including the mayor pro tem and council members, voiced strong support and described the city’s role in planning, utilities, and final approvals. Quirk-Silva reviewed the project history, including prior legislation, county and state funding commitments, and the recent federal determination that the site meets VA criteria for a state veterans cemetery. The first panel, representing the veterans community, included the American Legion, American Gold Star Mothers, and Valor. They argued that Orange County—home to a large veteran population—still lacks a local veterans cemetery, forcing families to travel long distances to Riverside or elsewhere. Testimony stressed the emotional and practical burden on aging veterans and grieving families, and called for immediate action and possession of the property. Some speakers were sharply critical of CalVet and the pace of the process, saying veterans have waited too long and that the project should move forward without further delay. The second panel, from Orange County, described the county’s and cemetery district’s support and the unique opportunity to develop a shared site for a public cemetery and a separate state veterans cemetery. County officials said the county has dedicated land and funding, and that shared infrastructure—roads, utilities, grading, and access—could reduce costs substantially if the two projects are coordinated. They also said the county is ready to transfer the property to CalVet when appropriate and that the project has already cleared major local approvals and litigation. The final panel from DGS and CalVet explained the state’s feasibility study and current planning work. DGS said the 2023 study estimated the state’s portion of phase one at about $126 million, largely driven by site work and grading, though that estimate may change as assumptions are updated. CalVet said it is working with DGS and the county on a revised concept plan to lower costs and refine the timeline, and that legislative budget action will be needed to authorize spending from the Southern California Veterans Cemetery fund. No formal vote was taken; the hearing was informational, and the main action was continued coordination among the state, county, city, and veterans groups, with public comment at the end overwhelmingly urging faster construction.

Transcript Highlights:

• So if you could give us a high-level explanation of that. Of course.
• This is a high-level element piece.
• We have huge issues in high-acuity care.
• So like that is extremely high individual unit costs, millions of dollars.
• , and extremely high downstream benefits in terms of avoided costs in the future.

Keywords: 907, all

Summary: The committee held an informational hearing focused first on Oregon Medicaid coordinated care organization (CCO) finances and rate setting. Oregon Health Authority staff explained how 2025 CCO financial results will inform 2027 capitation rates, including reserve requirements, subcapitation arrangements, and major cost drivers such as behavioral health, pharmacy, rural hospital costs, and dental directed payments. They said the Legislature’s added 2025 funding materially improved CCO margins and that, without it, the program would have been negative overall. Members asked about retained earnings, subcapitation, behavioral health utilization, ABA therapy, and whether outcomes are being evaluated; OHA said rate setting is actuarial and that CCOs, OHA, and other partners all play roles in monitoring efficacy and access. OHA also reviewed House Bill 4039 changes intended to increase transparency and give CCOs earlier access to rate information and reconciliation exhibits. CCO representatives then testified that the system is under significant financial pressure and that behavioral health state-directed payments, benefit changes, and federal uncertainty from H.R. 1 are reducing flexibility. CareOregon said it has lost more than $500 million over the last couple of years and is now making provider terminations and other network changes to align spending with available funding, while emphasizing that CCOs must make hard decisions about which services and providers can be sustained. Eastern Oregon CCO said rural and frontier factors, cost-based hospitals, air ambulance needs, and statewide efficiency adjustments are not fully reflected in rates, and that dental funding is especially strained. Trillium similarly warned that state-directed payments and benefit expansion pressures are constraining the global budget model and that H.R. 1 could worsen acuity and volatility. Members pressed the witnesses on who is responsible for evaluating treatment effectiveness, especially for ABA and psychotherapy, and on how utilization limits and reimbursement changes are being used to control costs. The committee then shifted to an overview of the Affordable Care Act and Oregon’s commercial insurance market. Department of Consumer and Business Services staff explained actuarial value, metal tiers, premium tax credits, medical loss ratio rules, and the main drivers of premium rates: cost trend, utilization trend, and administrative costs. They said mandates have likely added only a limited amount to premiums over the past decade, though the exact effect is difficult to isolate, and they gave examples of how high-cost, low-volume services versus broad, high-utilization services can affect rates differently. Staff also noted that Providence Health Plan and PacificSource Health Plans are withdrawing from the individual market, though consumers should still have at least three insurer options in every county and may have four in many counties. The division said it is in the middle of reviewing proposed 2027 rates and will continue its public rate review process, including hearings and written comment.