Video & Transcript : 'income levels' :
Page 73 of 500
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Communications and Conveyance Committee Feb 12th, 2025
Communications and Conveyance
Transcript Highlights:
- Just to let everybody know, our restrooms on this floor are closed, so you need to go down a couple levels
- At the national level, the federal workforce has been under attack and the work of career public servants
- projects will bring affordable broadband service to communities by offering either low-cost or low-income
- I'm an incoming member.
- You're on broadband, given what's happening at the federal level.
Committee:
House Communications and Conveyance
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Conference Committee: ESSB 5998 Mar 11th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- budget, plus incremental maintenance-level changes.
- And then you'll see a listing of each policy-level incremental change.
- If you take the enacted appropriations plus maintenance level incremental changes, plus policy level
- in one-time CCA funding in 2025-27 for low-income energy assistance.
- It assumes an unconstitutional income tax.
Summary:
The conference committee on Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5998 met to review the operating budget conference report. House and Senate budget coordinators walked through comparison documents showing the Senate-passed budget, House-passed budget, and the conference proposal, including statewide totals, agency detail, revenue assumptions, transfers, and the four-year outlook. They said the conference budget uses the February 2026 ERFC forecast, includes an $880 million transfer from the budget stabilization account to the general fund, and reflects a four-year net near-general-fund impact of about $800 million, with an ending fund balance of $231 million in 2025-27 and $563 million in 2027-29. They also noted that future collective bargaining agreements are not included in the outlook beyond those already settled.
The briefing highlighted major policy items across the budget, including Working Families Tax Credit expansion, a proposed city and county fiscal health account, changes to Working Connections child care attendance payments, behavioral health facility and staffing adjustments, long-term care funding for certain non-citizen residents affected by federal changes, Apple Health and other health-related responses to H.R. 1, K-12 changes such as free school meals contingent on related legislation, Running Start and transportation depreciation adjustments, higher education administrative reductions, corrections staffing and bed changes, wildfire response funding, and state employee compensation agreements. Members also discussed the budget’s reliance on revenue measures and transfers, including legislation referenced as 2487, 6228, 6231, and 6346.
After the presentation, Senator Robinson moved adoption of the conference report and passage of the bill as recommended by the committee. In discussion, supporters said the budget protected core services and responded to federal H.R. 1 impacts, while opponents criticized the size of the budget, the use of reserves, future outlook assumptions, and reductions in some K-12 and other programs. The committee then voted 4-2 to recommend the conference report and ESSB 5998 to the legislature, with Representatives Gregerson and Ormsby and Senators Robinson and Stanford in favor, and Representative Couture and Senator Gildon opposed.
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- They're not at that level.
- is at different level. you know research is at different levels<00:48:04.800><c> and</c><00:48:05.040
- </c> ...make higher than the median income.
- That level to be considered in this pot.
- </c><01:01:58.000><c> I</c> there's different types of levels I there's different types of levels I understand
CO
Colorado 2026 Regular Session
Colorado Senate 2026 Legislative Day 119 Part 2 May 13th, 2026
Colorado Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- for the 26 income tax year only Income for the 26 income tax year only, the amount of any overtime compensation
- </c> revenue to their Colorado taxable income revenue to their Colorado taxable income beginning<07:49
- to their Colorado taxable income.
- for the purposes of calculating Colorado income tax for certain investors in income tax for certain
- , 60, 90, income was income.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session (Full Formal with Calendar) Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Food insecurity is rising at alarming levels.
- And with incoming changes from the federal government, the situation will only get more dire.
- that has left the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the adjusted gross income on which taxation is based
- When enrollment goes down, funding levels go down. But the costs for our schools don't go down.
- are not bringing up to the levels to sustain them.
Summary:
The Senate considered a supplemental appropriations bill and a series of amendments focused on education, health, transportation, tax administration, and oversight. Senator Kennedy spoke in support of increasing funding for DTA caseworkers to improve SNAP access and reduce delays, but then withdrew the amendment by unanimous consent. Senator O’Connor’s amendment adding $500,000 for Free Period to provide free menstrual products in public schools was adopted, as was Senator Miranda’s $1 million METCO transportation and student support amendment. Senator Collins briefly proposed extending paid family and medical leave and unemployment insurance coverage to graduate student workers, but withdrew that amendment for later discussion.
Several amendments were debated and either adopted or rejected. Senator Tarr’s proposal to create oversight of the Group Insurance Commission and fund an Inspector General review was defeated after opposition argued existing oversight was sufficient. Tarr also offered amendments on MBTA deficiency fund withdrawals and on requiring 90 days’ notice before state tax code decoupling changes; both were rejected after standing votes. Senator Driscoll’s amendment for Randolph Public Schools restroom improvements was adopted, while his veterans student loan forgiveness amendment was withdrawn. Additional amendments were adopted for Bridgewater Middle School water filtration, Uffum’s Corner Health Center, and NeighborHealth’s pharmacy technician training program for local high school students.
A major discussion centered on school funding and enrollment declines. Senator DiDomenico withdrew an amendment that would have provided $100 million to address Chapter 70 funding losses tied to enrollment drops, but he and Senator Collins used the floor to argue that districts facing declining enrollment and rising costs need a broader state response. The Senate also adopted a new draft of the supplemental budget and then passed the bill to be engrossed by a roll call vote, with 35 members in the affirmative and 4 in the negative. The chamber then adjourned to meet again Monday, and did so in memory of Arthur H. Tobin, a former Quincy mayor, state legislator, and clerk magistrate.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
House - Health and Human Services Feb 5th, 2025
House Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- And these would be high-level staff. They're not going to be, you know, clerks.
- Entities access affordable drugs to treat their low-income and underserved patients.
- We do think that it impacts low-income members and citizens more than it should.
- that Folks with very good credit scores generally have higher incomes.
- levels the same.
Committee:
House House Health & Human Services
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Energy, Utilities and Communications Committee Mar 17th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- But way more middle-income, working-class, low-income people will be able to make that choice and lower
- out of having solar now. and income.
- It's one thing to say something is affordable for middle income.
- And I represent a huge number of low-income renters.
- These are folks who are low-income... ...number of low-income renters.
Summary:
The committee first heard SB 868, the Plug and Play Solar Act, which would streamline approval for portable plug-in solar devices for homes and apartments. The author and supporters argued the bill would help renters and other Californians lower electric bills, expand access to solar, and create statewide safety standards through UL certification and the National Electrical Code. Opponents, including electrical workers, firefighters, utilities, and PG&E, raised concerns about shock, fire, backfeeding, older electrical systems, and the bill bypassing the California Electrical Code and Building Standards Commission process. After extended discussion and testimony from UL, the author agreed to add California Electrical Code language, and several opponents indicated they would move to neutral; the committee then passed the bill out as amended to the Senate Judiciary Committee on a roll call vote.
The committee then took up SB 886, which would establish rules for large data centers to prevent electricity cost shifts to other ratepayers. The author and supporters said rapid data center growth could drive major grid costs and that the bill would require data centers to pay for their own infrastructure, participate in demand response, and secure new zero-carbon resources. Supporters included environmental and consumer groups, while opponents such as the Data Center Coalition, Silicon Valley Leadership Group, utilities, and business groups argued the bill was unnecessary, could duplicate CPUC proceedings, and might impose operationally risky mandates, especially around demand response and backup power. Committee staff described amendments narrowing the bill to large data centers, clarifying tariff and cost-allocation provisions, replacing behind-the-meter storage with a pre-funded long-term clean energy contract, and exempting certain public and critical facilities; the discussion continued with questions about cost responsibility, clean energy targets, and peak-load management.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- </c><00:08:54.360><c> tax</c> no property tax refund or income tax no property tax refund or income tax
- </c><00:09:27.400><c> tax</c> property tax refunds or income tax property tax refunds or income tax deductions
- c> corporate</c> department's income and corporate department's income and corporate franchise<00:26:
- </c> for lower-level R&D workers. for lower-level R&D workers.
- </c> to their income. to their income.
Committee:
Senate Taxes
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Commerce and Economic Development Oversight REVISED: SB1101 and SB1966 - Added Apr 16th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- And the most important part of that tripartite board is low-income representation directly from the local
- level.
- And the most important of that part of that tripartite board is low income representation directly from
- the local level.
- That $8.9 million results in a $250-plus million leverage with many high-income families. results in
Summary:
The committee first laid over SB 1101 and SB 1813, then heard and advanced SB 1966 and SB 80. SB 1966, presented by Chairman Johns, was amended with a PCS to incorporate the House’s Memorial Roads and Bridges language after a House-Senate coordination issue; the committee adopted the PCS and passed the bill out unanimously, 9-0. SB 80, presented by Representative Clay Staires, was also amended with a PCS and described as a cleanup bill removing several outdated turnpike provisions; members noted it reflected a negotiated consensus, and it passed unanimously, 11-0.
After the bill votes, the committee received a required informational presentation from the Oklahoma Department of Commerce on the federal Community Services Block Grant (CSBG). Director Marshall Votes explained that Commerce administers the grant, keeps 5% for oversight, and passes 90% to 17 community action agencies serving all 77 counties. He said the program currently manages about $8.9 million, served about 33,000 low-income families last year, and leverages that funding into more than $250 million in broader community impact through services such as employment support, housing, transportation, education, health, and childcare.
Members asked about Commerce staffing and oversight, and Votes said a small team of a few employees handles planning, monitoring, training, and compliance for CSBG alongside other programs. Committee members thanked Commerce for its work and emphasized the importance of the program for rural communities and all 77 counties. The meeting ended with expressions of appreciation and adjournment.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Select Committee on Community Economic Mobility and Investment Apr 2nd, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- will hear today from various panelists, this is a region that has historically experienced lower levels
- And income growth over time. And that you know this in your bones.
- When you've got levels of over-incarceration, you're throwing away talent.
- , you'll note that White household income far outpaces that of Black and Latino households.
- Our goal is a California where all low-income workers have the power to advance economically.
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Labor & Commerce Feb 20th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Employer contributions are treated as income subject to employment taxes and income tax.
- This bill highlights that people don't like paying income tax.
- The department doesn't want to pay income tax.
- Employers don't want to pay income tax, and employees don't want to pay income tax.
- Employers don't want to pay income tax, and employees don't want to pay income tax, and this bill makes
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on House Bill 1347, which would streamline cannabis testing lab accreditation by requiring the Liquor and Cannabis Board to accept Department of Agriculture accreditation as the basis for initial certification under certain conditions and to reduce duplication between agencies. The prime sponsor and several industry witnesses said the bill is intended to clarify authority, improve efficiency, and preserve consumer safety, while LCB said it had no policy objection but wanted implementation concerns addressed. Several witnesses supported the concept but said an amendment was needed to clearly assign accreditation authority to WSDA and avoid overlapping requirements.
The committee also heard and later took action on several bills. House Bill 2229 would update the Professional Engineers Registration Act by changing board membership rules, increasing pro tem members, and revising registration and exam provisions; the sponsor and board director said it modernizes qualifications without changing licensure standards. House Bill 2091 would require more complete employee contact information to be shared with exclusive bargaining representatives under the Personnel System Reform Act; union witnesses supported it and a policy witness opposed it as a privacy intrusion. Second Substitute House Bill 1128 would create a Child Care Workforce Standards Board to make recommendations on child care worker standards; supporters said it addresses workforce shortages and retention, while providers and associations argued it duplicates existing work and could lead to unfunded mandates.
In executive action, the committee voted do pass on Substitute House Bills 2492, 2107, 2151, 2355, and Gross Substitute House Bill 2471, and sent them to Rules. It also voted do pass on Second Substitute House Bill 2105 and referred it to Ways and Means. Other bills heard included House Bill 1701 on shared liquor license premises, where a small business owner supported more flexible shared-space arrangements and LCB suggested amendments to prevent undue influence; House Bill 2264 on unemployment benefits for employer-initiated layoffs, which was supported as a clarification to protect workers who opt into reduction-in-force programs; Substitute House Bill 2472 on fire sprinkler work enforcement, supported by labor and industry witnesses; and Second Substitute House Bill 2345, which would adjust paid family and medical leave premium allocations to address IRS tax guidance, with broad support from labor, business, and the agency.
NM
New Mexico 2026 Regular Session
House - Health and Human Services Feb 9th, 2026 at 08:38 am
House Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- You can make a complaint, and that can be filed on a federal level, and that can be filed within HR.
- before gradually phasing out at higher income levels.
- before gradually phasing out at higher income levels.
- Tax credits that are targeted to support low-income earners like the working families tax credit are
- Tax credits that are targeted to support low-income earners like the working families tax credit are
Committee:
House House Health & Human Services
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Consumer Protection & Business Jan 27th, 2026 at 01:30 pm
Consumer Protection & Business
Transcript Highlights:
- the amount that is 30% of the borrower's gross monthly income would continue to control the maximum
- This change would significantly heighten financial risk for older adults on fixed incomes.
- for their income.
- This affects all of your communities, and it can affect it in levels of severity.
- So I will need to see... ...increasing a crime to this level.
Committee:
House Consumer Protection & Business
Keywords:
small loans, consumer protection, financial regulation, lending limits, credit access, animal testing, alternatives, ethical research, animal welfare, scientific methods, infrastructure, protection, safety, security, state regulations, public safety, insurance fraud, law enforcement, crime, penalties
MO
Transcript Highlights:
- And so they might qualify for an income-limited tax credit capped.
- level, the ones that you can provide those with.
- level, the ones that you can provide those with.
- level, the ones that you can provide those with.
- So the VA is deciding your level of disability. Okay. Yes. All right.
Committee:
House Veterans and Armed Forces
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House Taxes Committee debates proposed one-time, $4 billion property tax refund 4/14/26
Transcript Highlights:
- could be taxable um, as federal income could be taxable um, as federal income sort<00:02:44.760><c> of
- </c> at the state level were taxable. at the state level were taxable.
- </c> of income limits or measure of need. of income limits or measure of need.
- Uh this is an income-restricted Blaine.
- ,</c><00:28:12.360><c> more</c> more likely to be low income, more more likely to be low income, more
Summary:
The committee took up House File 4906, adopted the H4906A1 amendment, and heard a staff explanation that the bill would create a one-time property tax refund in calendar year 2026 for residential homesteads and the house/garage/1-acre portion of agricultural homesteads. As amended, the bill would appropriate $4 billion in fiscal year 2027, distribute payments based on 2026 property tax due, include a clawback for delinquent taxpayers, and coordinate with existing property tax refund programs so recipients would not receive more than they paid in taxes. House Research also discussed a disagreement with the Department of Revenue over whether the refund would be taxable federally, with House Research suggesting it would likely be treated as a non-taxable recovery of prior taxes.
Public testimony was largely opposed. Eric Bernstein of We Make Minnesota argued the proposal was too large, would create a deficit and force future service cuts, and would disproportionately benefit higher-income homeowners. Nan Madden of the Minnesota Budget Project said the bill would create a major budget hole, threaten funding for health care, food support, schools, and other services, and exclude renters and lower-income Minnesotans. Members echoed those concerns, citing impacts on public safety, rural EMS, hospitals, education funding, and equity, while noting that renters and many seniors would receive nothing. Representative Howard questioned whether the bill was a cautious use of state resources, and Representative Norris said it missed the mark for struggling renters.
Chair Davids defended the concept as a way to put money back in people’s pockets and said the proposal was scalable and intended to start a discussion. Representative Wiener strongly supported the bill, saying many homeowners and farmers in his district are not wealthy and need relief from property taxes; he said the bill should be even bigger. No vote on final passage was taken in the portion of the meeting provided, and the committee moved on after testimony and member discussion.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Housing Jun 21st, 2026 at 09:00 am
Joint Committee on Housing
Transcript Highlights:
- housing landscape, especially for seniors, people with disabilities, veterans, and low- and middle-income
- In December 2017, my sister and I made the decision to purchase... ...income.
- hometown america's actions have caused financial tired of living on fixed incomes.
- The MSPCA believes that you shouldn't have to have a certain income level to have a pet.
- It would prepare a model plan that could be adopted at the building level.
Committee:
Joint Joint Committee on Housing
Summary:
The Joint Committee on Housing held a hearing on a wide range of housing bills focused on manufactured housing, condominiums, public housing, tiny homes, and protections for elderly and disabled residents. Chairs Haggerty and Cyr opened by emphasizing the importance of these housing types and the need to hear from many speakers. Testimony on manufactured housing was especially extensive and sharply divided. Supporters of bills such as H. 1475, S. 990, and H. 1513 argued that out-of-state corporate owners are buying communities, raising rents and fees, reducing services, and exploiting legal gray areas. Residents and lawmakers from affected communities like Taunton, Middleborough, Attleboro, and Oak Point described steep rent disparities, fear of displacement, and the need for stronger protections, while Representative Hawkins urged an omnibus approach and said the bill would create a local board to ensure compliance with existing law. Opponents, including the Massachusetts Manufactured Housing Association and Hometown America’s counsel, argued that current law already provides protections, that the bills would create uncertainty or unfairly restrict owners, and that H. 1475 was intended to clarify the post-Blake legal landscape. The committee also heard testimony on condominium reform through S. 980, with owners describing lack of transparency, surprise assessments, and limited accountability, and urging updates to Chapter 183A and more owner rights.
Public housing bills also drew support from housing authority advocates. MassNAHRO backed S. 955, H. 1517, H. 1512, H. 1550, and H. 1551, saying housing authorities need more flexibility to preserve and expand affordable housing. Witnesses supported tax relief for replacement public housing units and streamlined procurement rules, arguing these changes would help projects move faster and make better use of capital funds. Committee members asked questions about PILOT agreements, tax treatment of new developments, and whether state and federal public housing would be treated similarly. The committee also heard from Senator Lovely and advocates for S. 1007/H. 1525, which would prevent and respond to bullying of elderly and disabled residents in housing. Supporters described the bills as a long-needed response to harassment in senior and public housing, calling for building-level plans, staff training, and AG oversight; Jerry Halberstadt said the measure should be strengthened with enforcement and tenant advocacy support. Pamela and other witnesses described severe personal impacts from bullying and management retaliation.
Another major topic was S. 1474/H. 1474 on movable tiny houses as permanent dwellings and accessory dwelling units. Supporters, including Representative DeCoste, Vera Struck, Kaylee DeCrease, and Abundant Housing Massachusetts, said tiny homes are a safe, affordable, sustainable option for seniors, workers, and others facing the housing shortage, and urged the committee to legalize them and align state rules with emerging standards. They also discussed tax classification and the need for a clear building code and DMV category. Finally, H. 1476 on pet-friendly elderly housing drew support from animal welfare groups, who said the bill would restore and modernize a prior pet program, expand access across state-aided housing, limit pet deposits, and reduce pet surrender caused by housing barriers. No votes were taken during the hearing; the committee primarily received testimony and questions on the bills.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee Jun 16th, 2026
Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials
Transcript Highlights:
- The IOUs provide some financial relief to their low-income ratepayers, but public water systems, which
- customers. rate assistance to their low-income customers.
- Commend you for drafting legislation that has a wide-ranging level of support.
- Where I'm going with this is that they already know what the contamination levels are, 90%, okay?
- Fifteen agencies across four levels of government oversee our industry.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Arts, Entertainment, Sports, and Tourism Committee May 5th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- The level of compensation that these athletes are receiving has a lot of variables, with some receiving
- If you can't read a paycheck, you can't verify income, identify errors, or detect fraud.
- And they have some level of control over their futures.
- Having an opportunity to earn income of this amount.
- They will not tax, from a state income tax standpoint, their NIL or their rev share payments.
Summary:
The committee held an informational hearing on name, image, and likeness (NIL) and financial literacy for student athletes, with members framing California as a national leader on NIL but emphasizing the need for stronger protections and more consistent education. The chair and witnesses discussed how NIL opportunities now include both third-party endorsement deals and school revenue-sharing arrangements, and how the current landscape varies widely by institution, leaving athletes with a patchwork of rules and support. Several witnesses argued that student athletes, especially younger ones and those from low-income or first-generation backgrounds, are vulnerable to predatory contracts, tax problems, and pressure from family, agents, or lenders.
The first panel featured Tyree Dillingham and Brandon Copeland, who called for standardized financial literacy, better guardrails against predatory NIL advances, and a player-led association or similar collective voice for athletes. They described examples of athletes not understanding paychecks, taxes, or contract terms, and warned that some schools and collectives blur the line between education and marketing. Copeland also argued that college athletics now functions like a professional business and that athletes need representation and a standard contract structure to protect them.
The second panel focused on lived experience, including testimony from attorney Anthony Coronae and student athlete Mikey Williams. Coronae described reviewing a contract that he said functioned like a predatory loan disguised as marketing support, with the company taking exclusive rights to Williams’ NIL and requiring repayment far beyond the advance. Williams testified that he signed without a lawyer, later lost endorsements, scholarship, and housing stability, and only later learned the contract’s consequences. He said a required financial literacy course at Sacramento State helped him begin to understand budgeting, taxes, and contracts, and he urged the legislature to require legal review or stronger safeguards for athletes.
The third panel, from San Diego State University, highlighted a more structured institutional model. Athletic director Brendan Hill described a mandatory four-year life-skills program that includes financial literacy, resume workshops, internships, and branding education, while student athlete Sloan Benchoff said the program helped her manage money and prepare for post-college life. Witnesses agreed that support is uneven across schools, that some agents and lenders are exploiting athletes, and that California should consider standardized financial education and agent regulation while also being careful not to create rules that unintentionally restrict athlete rights. No formal vote or bill action was taken at the hearing.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Mar 24th, 2025
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services
Transcript Highlights:
- . $70 million in order to maintain their level one trauma status. Now, here's how it is very small.
- With a population of five million, even two level one trauma centers is not enough.
- You mentioned that there are different levels that start out with...
- UMC El Paso is the only level one... center within a 280-mile radius.
- They were the scourge of low-income Texans; the fees were erroneous.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
Carbon Sequestration Programs Study Commission (10/22/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- It should, but it should at least be equalized to traditional forest income it is replacing.
- uh playing field as on the same level uh playing field as traditional<00:12:38.000><c> harvesting.
- levels of property taxes being assessed on that timber.
- </c><00:16:03.519><c> of</c> that had a higher um higher levels of that had a higher um higher levels
- of legal support to provide some level of legal support to those<00:28:25.679><c> agreements.
Summary:
The meeting opened with roll call and approval of the prior minutes, including a requested correction to Thomas Han’s statement about a Granite State Division of the Society of American Foresters subcommittee studying the timber yield tax and current use forest land tax assessment formula. The correction was adopted, and the minutes were then approved as amended.
The main agenda item was a hearing of landowners on forest taxation and carbon credits. Several scheduled speakers canceled, so the committee received a letter from Ross Karen, a Coos County landowner and forester, who opposed carbon credit sales because of “leakage” and argued that diverse local markets and productive forests are better than carbon sales. Aean Kelly of White Mountain Lumber and the Randolph Town Forest also testified, saying many Coos County landowners and forest managers have declined carbon credit offers because they do not fit New Hampshire’s working-forest tradition. He argued that carbon agreements should be treated on a level playing field with traditional harvesting and that, if they are to be encouraged, they should face a fiscal adjustment comparable to the timber tax.
Kelly also gave a detailed history of the timber tax, explaining that it was created in 1948 to replace uneven local property taxation on standing timber, discourage clearcutting, and stabilize the tax base while preserving working forests. He said the tax was intended to be collected when timber is harvested, not to stop logging, and that a later commission found the 10% rate roughly matched the revenue towns lost. In response to questions, he said pre-1948 assessments varied widely by town and tax collector, and that carbon projects today are already being valued by sophisticated models, so he believes carbon should be included in the assessment system. He also said short-term carbon agreements may simply monetize existing forest value, while 100-year agreements raise enforceability concerns. No votes or other formal actions were taken beyond approving the amended minutes.