Video & Transcript Research : 'grid modernization'

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TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • . preserve its independence from federal oversight of our state electrical grid.
  • And so we have a competitive grid. We do. We're proud of it.
  • We will have capacity that will be dispatchable to the grid.
  • of the mix will be going into the grid.
  • The benefits: electrons on the grid.
Summary: The committee first took up pending business and quickly reported several measures favorably, including HB 12, SB 1361, SB 1705, SB 1749, SB 1897, SB 2344, SB 2566, HB 3809, and HB 4215, with most sent to the Local and Uncontested Calendar. HB 12’s substitute clarified a limited midterm review of regulatory agencies tied to Sunset Commission recommendations. SB 2696’s substitute changed med spa regulation from a license to a certificate, with training instead of an exam, plus background checks, continuing education, and two-year renewals. HB 3809 dealt with battery energy storage decommissioning and recycling, and HB 4215 was reported without a substitute. SB 1978, concerning interconnection of electric facilities in ERCOT and federal jurisdiction concerns, was reported out on a 5-3 vote after debate, but then the chair later announced the bill was withdrawn and left pending subject to the call of the chair. HB 1899 was also reported favorably, with one nay. A major portion of the meeting focused on HB 14, the advanced nuclear energy bill. Senator Schwertner described it as creating a Texas Advanced Nuclear Energy Office, a nuclear permitting coordinator, a development fund, a completion grant program, and a workforce development program. Testimony was sharply divided. Supporters, including representatives from Fermi America, Dow/X-energy, CPS Energy, Paragon Energy Solutions, Bridge to Nuclear, Aalo Atomics, and the Texas Association of Business, argued that Texas should lead in advanced nuclear, citing future baseload demand, data centers, industrial power needs, supply-chain development, and long-term energy diversification. Opponents, including Public Citizen, Texas Nuclear Watchdogs, Sierra Club, and individual citizens, argued the bill would subsidize unproven, expensive technology, create grants rather than loans, and expose taxpayers to major risk while doing little to meet near-term energy needs. Several members questioned whether the state should fund projects that may not produce grid power for years, and whether the bill’s grant structure and new office were justified. The committee also heard HB 5061, which Senator Schwertner said would prohibit unethical surveillance and misuse of confidential information by state contractors, create a confidential reporting system through the State Auditor’s Office, authorize Texas Rangers investigations, protect whistleblowers, and impose penalties including contract termination, fines, and contracting bans. No public testimony was offered, and the bill was left pending. HB 132, sponsored by Senator Hughes, would extend confidentiality protections for sensitive information to hostile acts by foreign adversaries; it was also left pending after no testimony. HB 1584 was then laid out, with Senator Schwertner explaining it would require utilities to maintain and update priority restoration lists for critical facilities after Hurricane Beryl exposed communication failures, but the transcript cuts off before any action on that bill.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/29/2026 - House Artificial Intelligence & Innovation

Artificial Intelligence & Innovation

Transcript Highlights:
  • There was existing generation on the grid to serve those customers.
  • There was existing generation on the grid to serve those customers.
  • There was existing generation on the grid to serve those customers.
  • So we looked to modernize these approaches to address their delays in ramping and how they energized,
  • Behind the meter without needing to get into grid at all.
Bills: HB2133, HB2592
Summary: The House AI and Innovation Committee first heard an informational presentation from Arizona Public Service (APS) on the rapid growth of data centers and AI-related electricity demand in Arizona. APS said Phoenix now ranks near the top in North America for data center development and projected its peak load could rise from 8.7 gigawatts to 12 gigawatts by 2035, with about 19 gigawatts of potential data center demand in its queue. APS emphasized three principles for serving this growth: maintaining reliability for existing customers, preventing data center costs from being shifted to residential and small business customers, and preserving capacity for other growth. APS described its proposed approach as a combination of a pending Corporation Commission rate case and bilateral contracts, including minimum bill requirements, queue management, long-term financial commitments, and direct cost assignment to data center customers. Committee members asked about rate impacts, self-generation, behind-the-meter power, seasonal load, and possible future nuclear or other generation options; APS said it is pursuing an all-of-the-above resource strategy and that the proposed data center rate increase is 45 percent, though not yet approved. The committee then considered House Bill 2133, which would require commercial entities that knowingly distribute or publish sexual material online to obtain reasonable consent and age verification, including for synthetic or AI-generated altered images, and would impose civil penalties for violations. A five-page amendment narrowed the bill by excluding internet service providers, affiliates, search engines, and cloud providers from liability for content they do not create or directly host. The sponsor said the bill is intended to protect people in adult content from exploitation and non-consensual use, including revenge porn and trafficking-related material, and to extend protections to synthetic media. Members discussed the penalty structure, with the sponsor explaining it was modeled on similar penalties in related laws and set at $10,000 per day of violation. After no public opposition was presented, the committee adopted the amendment and voted 5-0, with 2 members present, to return HB 2133 as amended with a due pass recommendation.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • is critically important for a lot of reasons, but one is we need a reliable grid.
  • by all things, including... ...grid.
  • renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring grid reliability.
  • This will help the customers save money and it will help optimize the grid.
  • This will help the customers save money and it will help optimize the grid.
Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy heard several bills focused on grid reliability, affordability, clean energy infrastructure, and industrial decarbonization. AB 222, by Assemblymember Bauer-Kahan, would require more data reporting on data centers and aim to prevent ratepayers from bearing related grid costs; supporters said better information is needed to plan for rapidly growing electricity demand from AI and data centers, while opponents warned about privacy, security, trade-secret, and cost-shifting concerns. The bill passed the committee on a 13-4 vote, with the roll left open for absent members. AB 941, by Assemblymember Bonta, would impose a 270-day timeline for CPUC review of priority transmission projects to speed clean-energy infrastructure buildout. Supporters argued that transmission delays are slowing California’s climate goals and raising costs, while opponents raised concerns about CEQA process, staffing, and prioritization. The bill passed 15-0. AB 1191, by Assemblymember Tangipa, would make existing large hydroelectric facilities eligible for the Renewable Portfolio Standard; supporters framed it as a way to lower rates and ease affordability pressures, while opponents said it would undermine the purpose of the RPS by substituting existing resources for new renewable development. That bill failed on a 4-11 vote. AB 1280, by Assemblymember Garcia, would expand state grant programs to support thermal energy storage projects for industrial decarbonization. Supporters said it would help modernize manufacturing, cut pollution in disadvantaged communities, and preserve jobs, with broad support from environmental and clean manufacturing groups and no opposition testimony. The bill passed 17-0. AB 1117, by Assemblymember Schultz, would require the CPUC to offer optional dynamic electricity rate tariffs for customers to shift usage away from peak periods; supporters said it could lower bills and improve grid efficiency, while utilities said they were not opposed to the concept but wanted more flexibility and time in the regulatory process. That bill passed 14-0. The committee also approved its consent calendar and other noncontroversial items, with several measures moving forward unanimously.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Committee on Climate Change and Global Warming Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Senate Committee on Climate Change and Global Warming

Transcript Highlights:
  • Solar is already the easiest energy source to add to our grid, and we can make it easier.
  • We're counting on SMART's updated innovations to save the grid and our rates.
  • So in addition to changing the... ...customers have benefited from that grid capacity.
  • low-cost, fuel-free, local generation to the grid.
  • You've passed the electric sector modernization plans in 2022, which enabled long-term grid planning
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The hearing focused on ways Massachusetts can accelerate solar deployment, lower costs, and preserve reliability as electricity demand rises and federal support for solar and other renewables changes. Chair Creem opened by emphasizing solar’s role in meeting climate mandates and peak demand, citing June heat-wave data showing behind-the-meter solar reduced wholesale prices and saved ratepayers money. Commissioner Elizabeth Mahoney of DOER said Massachusetts has grown from 3 MW of solar in 2008 to 3.5 GW today, highlighted SMART 3.0 as a flexible, evergreen incentive program, and said DOER is working on updated rates, interconnection reforms, flexible interconnection, net crediting, and a petition to the DPU to speed implementation. She also said Massachusetts joined the lawsuit over canceled federal Solar for All funding. Committee members and witnesses discussed several policy changes to speed projects before federal tax credits expire, including automated permitting, remote inspections, faster interconnection, and changes to caps on municipal and regional solar development. Senator Barrett pressed Mahoney on whether the 10 MW municipal cap and regional caps should be lifted, and on whether the state should increase its solar tax credit to offset the loss of the federal residential credit. Mahoney said the municipal cap should be revisited and that interconnection cost allocation and other market issues need to be worked out before lifting broader caps. She also said DOER is open to automated permitting and is already developing a permitting portal under the 2024 climate law. Industry and advocacy witnesses largely supported streamlining measures. Sunrun’s Bronte Payne urged removal of a proposed requirement that all net-metered facilities enroll in SMART, and recommended automated permitting, remote inspections, flexible interconnection, better hosting-capacity information, consumer protections, and continued support for Connected Solutions and virtual power plants. Permit Power’s Hannah Bernbaum and Solar App’s Matthew McAllister argued that smart permitting and remote inspections can significantly reduce soft costs and delays, with McAllister saying Solar App now operates in over 320 jurisdictions and saves about three weeks on average. They said remote inspections are already common and can be done safely with photos, video, and qualified third parties. Community solar and clean energy advocates, including CCSA’s Kate Daniel and Vote Solar’s Lindsay Griffin, supported a 10 GW solar target by 2035, a higher refundable state tax credit for low-income households, interconnection reforms, flexible interconnection, and preserving the option to build outside SMART so projects can retain renewable energy certificates. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational, and members requested follow-up materials and draft language from witnesses.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Science, Technology and Energy (02/18/2025)

Science, Technology and Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • section<01:14:41.960> three grid modernization and in section three grid modernization and
  • Grid modernization bill that about the Grid modernization bill that we<01:24:29.239> passed<01
  • Grid modernization bill and passed that Grid modernization bill and this<01:24:40.360> is<01:
  • So the grid modernization piece is just a small piece.
  • So the grid modernization piece is just a small piece.
Keywords: 1189, house, all
DE

Delaware 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Natural Resources & Energy Committee Meeting Jun 24th, 2026

Natural Resources & Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • modernization plan by Delmarva, and how, if you could comment on that, and how lack of a modernization
  • Another of his conclusions: Delmarva has no grid modernization strategy and does not propose...
  • Another of his conclusions: Delmarva has no grid modernization strategy and does not propose to develop
  • The document that was provided as a grid modernization plan falls far short of what is customarily seen
  • How can we bring more power onto a weakened grid?
Bills: SB287
Summary: The House Natural Resources and Energy Committee met and considered three Senate bills. SB 287 with Senate Amendment 2, a DNREC cleanup bill on recycling, would tighten recycling collection rules for haulers and commercial generators, require multifamily recycling education, repurpose the Delaware Recycling Fund, and add annual reporting; after brief questions and no public comment, the committee motion to release did not initially receive enough votes, so the bill was circulated for signatures. SB 346, which would speed Environmental Appeals Board hearing and decision timelines so DNREC secretary decisions become final if deadlines are missed, drew support from the Nature Conservancy and also failed to get enough votes at the meeting, so it too was circulated for signatures. The committee then took up SB 326, a major utility-regulation bill sponsored by Senator Hanson and Representative Heffernan that would cap certain non-mandatory utility spending, limit interim rates, increase oversight and transparency, and streamline rate-setting. SB 326 generated extensive testimony and debate. Supporters, including the Public Advocate, Sierra Club, PSC staff, and some legislators, argued that Delmarva Power’s spending on non-mandatory infrastructure has risen far faster than inflation, that the company is a regulated monopoly, and that the bill would help restrain future delivery-rate increases without harming reliability because mandatory reliability, storm response, and vegetation management spending would remain allowed. Opponents, including Delmarva Power, business groups, contractors, labor representatives, and the Delaware Contractors Association, argued the cap would delay needed reliability and capacity projects, hurt economic development, reduce jobs, and interfere with utility planning; they also said supply costs, not distribution spending, are the main driver of recent bill increases. After public comment and additional questioning, the committee voted to release SB 326 on a split roll call, but because several members were absent the bill was also walked for additional signatures. The committee then adjourned.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

Senate - Rules Jan 27th, 2025

Senate Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • We've done one on grid modernization. We have one coming up on economic development.
  • One of our current priorities, a big one, deals with grid modernization and energy transition.
  • And to do that, we're implementing a grid modernization statute. It's on one of our recent rules.
  • grid modernization and transportation electrification as well as advanced metering and distributed energy
  • And part of grid modernization deals with grid readiness and economic development.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

State Affairs Apr 23rd, 2026

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • of ERCOT when the grid is not powered by the state?
  • The incremental cost to add them to the grid doesn't outweigh the benefit of adding them to the grid.
  • Because the last thing that we need here is to have any sort of grid concern or grid outages that ultimately
  • Because the last thing that we need here is to have any sort of grid concern or grid outages that ultimately
  • universal to the grid?
Keywords: 1184, house, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

89th Legislative Session Apr 7th, 2025

Texas House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • HB 5195 by Capriglione relates to the modernization of state agency systems, including the improvement
  • This is related to the use of grid enhancing technologies and high-performance conductors in the ERCOT
  • HB 5195 by Capriglione relates to the modernization of state agency systems, including the improvement
  • This is related to the use of grid enhancing technologies and high-performance conductors in the ERCOT
  • HB 5195 by Capriglione relates to the modernization of state agency systems, including the improvement
Keywords: 1184, house, all
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

House Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs Committee, February 17, 2026

Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, and I stand for questions. the bill modernizes outdated vehicle tax the bill modernizes outdated
  • , entire system across the entire grid, entire system across the entire grid, it's<01:03:55.440><
  • That's the real core external grid.
  • outside of the house out on the grid outside of the house out on the grid doesn't<01:17:46.120><
  • c> systems,<01:21:57.200> monitor In modern power control systems, monitor In modern power
Bills: SF0095, SF0107, SF0112
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate - 01/22/25

Energy, Utilities, Environment, and Climate

Transcript Highlights:
  • talk about three items first of all grid talk about three items first of all grid investment<00:
  • That support our modern economy, including cloud computing and artificial intelligence.
  • 2030 beyond the vital role in our modern 2030 beyond the vital role in our modern digital<00:26:
  • investment in an electric grid investment in an electric grid undergoing<00:37:48.480> significant
  • conversation powering 24/7 clean grid conversation powering 24/7 clean grid poses<01:41:54.960><
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Water and Natural Resources Nov 17th, 2025

Water & Natural Resources Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • We have the data governance and sharing working group, grid modernization, and then finally liability
  • Unsurprisingly, a lot of these recommendations are related to the grid modernization policy that was
  • So, this is the third recommendation from the grid modernization subcommittee, and this is sort of a
  • So that's if wildfire mitigation is included as part of the grid modernization policy.
  • So, if wildfire mitigation is put into the grid modernization policy, and if it is determined to be a
TX

Texas 89th Regular

State Affairs Apr 30th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • This includes grid-enhancing technologies. We work in real-time.
  • The grid more efficiently.
  • safety and reliability of the grid.
  • We do have a need for expanding the grid, and I understand that.
  • Passionate about grid modernization, we also believe that respect for our members and their property
OR
Transcript Highlights:
  • In modern life... ...none are specifically suspected of committing a crime.
  • also a virtual necessity of modern life.
  • They all need modern identity and access to that system and security.
  • So these would be jobs that emphasize modern, operational, and strategic data roles.
  • Not to diminish any of the other issues around grid modernization and access to electricity and other
Keywords: 907, all
Summary: The committee held a series of informational briefings on information management and technology issues. It first heard from ACLU representatives on data privacy, who argued that Oregon should strengthen protections against private data brokers, government purchases of personal data, reverse warrants, automatic license plate readers, and local police surveillance. They urged data minimization, limits on data sales and retention, and broader transparency and accountability measures. Members asked about practical uses of license plate readers, state sales of data, and how Oregon’s approach compares with other states; the presenters said similar proposals have been adopted elsewhere, including data minimization in Maryland and a state version of the Fourth Amendment Is Not for Sale Act in Montana. The committee then received a detailed update from the Department of Administrative Services and Enterprise Information Services on licensing system modernization for 14 boards and commissions with the most immediate need. DAS said it is seeking a shared procurement approach through an RFP that would create either one scalable system or two tiers of systems, depending on agency needs and security requirements, with contracts expected by September. Committee members emphasized the need for a more unified, user-friendly statewide login and service experience for businesses and residents, and raised concerns about small agencies “figuring it out on their own” without sufficient cybersecurity or technical expertise. EIS said it is overseeing the investment review, security and architecture review, and future implementation planning, and noted that multiple agency requests may still come back to the legislature in the next session. The committee also discussed a revised cybersecurity incident notification concept. Staff explained that the earlier bill had raised stakeholder concerns, so the co-chairs directed further interim work with the Oregon Cybersecurity Advisory Council and other local government and K-12 stakeholders. The goal is a narrower, voluntary “911-style” notification process that would let public bodies alert peers and potentially receive assistance after cyber incidents; a temporary voluntary process is being tested now, with a work group developing language for possible 2027 consideration. Finally, the committee heard updates from the new state chief data officer on data governance, data sharing, geospatial work, and the state transparency website, followed by a briefing on data centers from NCSL and the Technology Association of Oregon. The data officer described efforts to expand data inventories, data governance plans, data literacy, and interagency sharing, along with statewide aerial imagery, geospatial standards, and the open data portal. The data center discussion focused on national and state trends, including rapid growth in data centers, rising electricity and water demand, and legislative responses such as new rate classes, reporting requirements, and cost-allocation rules to protect ratepayers. No votes were taken; the meeting was informational only.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

House - Chamber Meeting Mar 19th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • , reliability of the grid, all done through grid modernization.
  • And the largest is to increase grid capacity, resilience, and reliability through the Grid Modernization
  • So, page 5, we're talking about grid modernization and it says...
  • And included in grid modernization would be...
  • Speaker and gentlelady, as we go through grid modernization. We also, Mr.
NY

New York 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Standing Committee on Energy and Telecommunications - 02/03/2026

Energy And Telecommunications

Transcript Highlights:
  • So to take the grid from what it was when it was built 100 years ago to a modern, resilient, reliable
  • grid is going to take time.
  • So to take the grid from what it was when it was built 100 years ago to a modern, resilient, reliable
  • grid, is going to take time.
  • So, to take time. when it was built 100 years ago to a modern, resilient, reliable grid, is going to
Keywords: 993, senate, all
Summary: The Standing Committee on Energy and Telecommunications met under Chair Senator Kevin Parker and considered several bills related to clean energy, transmission, storage, schools, and microgrids. Bill 1456, which would require certain watercraft, aircraft, and trains to be zero-emissions and direct NYSERDA studies and incentives, was discussed as technology-neutral and advanced with one no vote to the Finance Committee. Bill 286, increasing statewide energy storage capacity, drew concerns about battery safety, fire risk, and volunteer fire department training, but was advanced to the floor with two no votes. Bill 2482, the Go Green Schools Act, would let schools convert to renewable energy and keep savings for school operations; it advanced to the floor despite concerns about siting solar on school grounds. Bill 2485 on expanding electric transmission lines and Bill 5510 directing NYSERDA to develop microgrid recommendations were both advanced to the Finance Committee, each with one no vote. The committee then heard testimony from Marguerite Wells, executive director of the Alliance for Clean Energy New York. She argued that wind, solar, storage, and transmission have made New York a leader in clean energy and said renewable energy is increasingly cost-competitive, with much of recent bill increases driven by grid upgrades and gas prices rather than renewables. She also said clean energy helps hedge against volatile fossil fuel prices, pointed to community solar and offshore wind as savings and reliability tools, and said the state’s permitting and interconnection processes have improved. Members questioned Wells about farmland use, decommissioning, recycling of solar and wind equipment, battery storage safety, local control, and misinformation. Wells said utility-scale projects require decommissioning plans and financial assurances, farmland must be restored under agricultural guidelines, and recycling capacity is developing. On battery storage, she said New York has rigorous codes and monitoring requirements, that not all storage is lithium-ion, and that state-level permitting is appropriate for large facilities. Several senators raised concerns about fires, contamination, winter performance, and siting projects in densely populated areas or on farmland, while others emphasized farmland protections and the value of renewable projects to host communities.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

State Affairs Apr 30th, 2025

State Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • The, the current, we're still dealing with a grid that oftentimes is one way.
  • When the Texas grid has data coming in from all the different lines out there.
  • safety and reliability of the grid.
  • We do have a need for expanding the grid and I understand that.
  • But while we're passionate about grid modernization, we also believe respect for our members and their
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Science, Technology and Energy (04/14/2025)

Science, Technology and Energy

Transcript Highlights:
  • done by the grid modernization advisory done by the grid modernization advisory group.<00:54:04.000><
  • provides for the advisor grid provides for the advisor grid modernization<00:55:23.440> advisory
  • Um, what I don't know is how often the Grid Modernization Advisory Group meets.
  • 01:57.200> modernization wondering if the grid modernization wondering if the grid modernization
  • morning was how often the grid morning was how often the grid modernization<02:18:21.679> advisory
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee met on April 14 and began by welcoming a new member, Representative Samban Denier, who briefly described his background as a Clarkson University environmental engineering graduate and Air Force veteran. The committee then moved into a work session on five energy-related bills, starting with Senate Bill 65 on stormwater management for solar arrays. Representative McGee presented amendment 1594H, which would exclude projects in shoreland areas from the bill’s permit-by-notification process and require the standard alteration-of-terrain permit review instead. Members asked for clarification, and McGee explained the amendment was requested by the New Hampshire Lakes Association and others to preserve the fuller review process for shoreland projects. The committee appeared satisfied with the explanation and moved on. The committee next discussed Senate Bill 230 on electric utility restructuring and investment in distributed energy resources. Members concluded that section one was unnecessary because a better definition of advanced nuclear resources had already been added to House Bill 710, and that section two would allow investment in advanced nuclear resources in a way they had already rejected in another bill due to ratepayer risk. Several members agreed the bill was redundant and supported an ITL motion. They also discussed Senate Bill 232 on net metering terms and conditions, focusing first on whether hydroelectric generators could be listed in ISO New England while also taking net metering credits. Granite State Hydropower Association representative Heidi Kroll testified that generators are subject to checks and balances, that double-dipping is not occurring, and that rules and tariffs already require participation in one market arrangement or the other. Discussion on Senate Bill 232 then shifted to section two, which would bar retroactive changes to net metering tariffs in place as of January 1, 2025. Representative McGee proposed alternative language to protect existing customer generators, group hosts, and municipal hosts from retroactive changes, while others said the language was needed to provide stability for current participants operating on thin margins. Some members supported the clearer wording; others argued the committee should not tie the hands of the PUC and DOE, noting future circumstances could require regulatory flexibility and that conflicts could be resolved in court if necessary. The committee did not take a final vote in the portion of the meeting provided, and the discussion was still ongoing when the transcript ended.
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Jan 28th, 2026

Ways and Means Education

NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

Senate - Tax, Business and Transportation Mar 20th, 2025

Senate Tax, Business & Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, Simply put, it's a common sense approach to a modern, resilient and future-ready grid, and we respectfully
  • New Mexicans deserve a reliable, modernized grid that not only meets our current energy demands, but
  • Of economic growth and opportunity by investing in grid modernization, this legislation will drive economic
  • We do agree electric grid modernization is a priority.
  • That depends on us modernizing our grid is enormous, so I appreciate taking the stab at it, and that's