Video & Transcript Research : 'PCA'
Page 6 of 14
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Formal House Session 103 Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Committee to study and recommend standards for addressing abusive treatment of home care workers, PCAs
- This home care bill also extends anti-discrimination protections to PCAs to ensure these workers do not
Summary:
The House opened with routine ceremonial business, including the Pledge of Allegiance and adoption of several resolutions, such as congratulations to the Williamsburg Grange on its 125th anniversary and to Fire Captain Melissa Blodgett on her retirement. The chamber also concurred in a Senate petition to establish a sick leave bank for a Bristol County Sheriff’s Department employee and suspended Joint Rule 12 to advance local petitions, including one involving the Dalton Fire District and another renaming a Chelmsford bridge.
The main floor action centered on several Ways and Means bills. The House advanced a bill amending laws relative to individuals with disabilities, replacing outdated and offensive terminology in the General Laws with person-first language; members spoke at length in support, emphasizing dignity, inclusion, and the bill’s non-substantive nature. The bill was engrossed by a roll call vote, 152-0. The House also took up and engrossed a bill to improve Massachusetts home care, which would create a licensing and oversight framework for private-pay home care agencies, establish standards for contracts, background checks, training, insurance, and consumer protections, and create advisory committees to guide implementation. An amendment establishing a Family Caregiver Commission was adopted 154-0, and the bill itself was then engrossed 153-1.
In addition, the House passed or engrossed several other measures, including a bill authorizing the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority to provide sewer services to land in Sharon, a sick leave bank bill for a Trial Court employee, a Marblehead parking fines bill, a Hingham municipal property bill for a center for active living, and a Taunton bill allowing continued employment of Police Chief Edward J. Walsh. The chamber also handled numerous calendar items, holding or passing over many while advancing a few. The session ended with a special adjournment in memory of former Representative George L. Sacco Jr., and the House adjourned to meet the next day at 11 a.m. in informal session.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Status of Persons with Disabilities Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- And Massachusetts, for example, is using them in the 1915 waiver to try to get budget authority for PCAs
- getting a lot of pushback because there's perceived costs associated with the budget authority for PCA
Summary:
The Massachusetts Commission on the Status of Persons with Disabilities’ Long-Term Services and Supports and Health Equity Subcommittee met to hear a presentation from the Lurie Institute for Disability Policy at Brandeis University. Monica Mitra introduced the institute’s work on disability health equity and long-term services and supports, and staff described several research centers focused on community living policy, disability and pregnancy, and parents with disabilities. The presentation emphasized participatory research, accessible dissemination, and the connection between health equity and access to home- and community-based services.
Joe Caldwell discussed the Community Living Policy Center’s work on Medicaid HCBS, the direct care workforce crisis, housing, and policy advocacy, including efforts related to the Money Follows the Person program and the Medicaid access rule’s interested parties advisory group. Sid Pickern highlighted a workforce study interviewing direct care workers, a forthcoming policy brief on the access rule, and housing research including Massachusetts’ Alternative Housing Voucher Program. Teresa Nguyen described the Community Living Equity Center’s focus on disparities in community living for people of color, especially a study on self-direction and community living outcomes, and asked for help recruiting participants.
Lauren Bixby demonstrated the community living data dashboard, which compares adults who need LTSS with those receiving Medicaid LTSS using ACS and TMSIS data. She explained that the dashboard can be filtered by state and demographics, but noted major race and ethnicity data gaps for Massachusetts and other states. Commissioners praised the dashboard and the institute’s work, asked questions about data sources and the 1115 waiver, and discussed possible connections to the Health Equity Compact. No votes were taken; the meeting ended with an invitation for follow-up, including a forthcoming direct care workforce brief and the institute’s October 28 lecture.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board ag pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board ag pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board ag pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board ag pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board ag pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- The PCA often, with things like pharmaceuticals, has looked at toxicity to fish on some of those things
- The PCA often, with things like pharmaceuticals, has looked at toxicity to fish on some of those things
- We have ambient monitoring networks for the PCA, where they look at water quality to see if there's anything
- where they look at water for the PCA where they look at water quality<01:12:35.920>
to <01:12: - <01:21:43.840>
just Representative Skraba, I’ll try to do this without having to punt to the PCA
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Tax panel hears bill to create agricultural water quality property tax credit, HF363 3/19/25
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- asked MDA to review with our advisory board pollution and water quality reports provided by them and PCA
- water quality reports provided by them water quality reports provided by them and<00:23:25.159>
PCA - 27.120>
to <00:23:27.279>help <00:23:27.520>guide <00:23:27.760>the and PCA - DNR mdh to help guide the and PCA DNR mdh to help guide the program's<00:23:28.520>
efforts <00
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 02/27/25
Environment, Climate, and Legacy
Transcript Highlights:
- appropriation, and then beyond that there was a climate pollution reduction grant that came through PCA
- appropriation, and then beyond that there was a climate pollution reduction grant that came through PCA
- We'd appreciate that. through PCA that had some pet land work through PCA that had some pet land work
- were promised this money not just uh to were promised this money not just uh to the<01:23:40.760>
PCA - which does good work and I the PCA which does good work and I appreciate<01:23:43.280>
that <01
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Investing in Disability Services – Senator Jim Abeler Feb 24th, 2025
Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- The PCA costs are assessed back to the program, so only the PCA's costs are carried here.
- c><01:30:04.880>
to <01:30:05.040>do <01:30:05.200>a environmental fund to the PCA - to do a environmental fund to the PCA to do a study<01:30:05.720>
of <01:30:05.920>unlawful - The PCA costs are assessed self-funded.
- The PCA costs are assessed to<01:30:54.800>
the <01:30:55.320>uh to the uh to the uh back
Summary:
The Senate Finance Committee took up Senate File 203, a broad housing bill authored by Senator Port. Port described the measure as a package including $50 million in housing infrastructure bonds, MHFA administrative and investment reforms, expanded Greater Minnesota infrastructure grants for workforce housing, manufactured housing bill of rights provisions, and a private equity restriction on large investors buying certain single-family homes starting in 2026. Fiscal analyst Eric Olafson walked through the spreadsheet and said the $50 million bond authorization would add debt service costs over time, with the total estimated debt service for that authorization at about $75.8 million. Senator Draheim raised concern about the growing cost of bonding and said the state should rely more on cash than debt.
The committee then adopted two technical amendments. The A21 amendment, described by Port as correcting manufactured housing bill of rights language, aligning MHFA board meeting language, conforming a lived-experience exemption to federal law, and fixing a capacity-building grants reference, was approved without objection. The A20 amendment, offered by Draheim, was also adopted and would give the legislature more control and visibility over MHFA funding and how quickly program dollars are reinvested after agency operations.
Members then debated Draheim’s A22 amendment, which would delete the manufactured home park provisions from the bill. Draheim and several Republicans argued the section could function like rent control, could burden good park owners, and might have unintended consequences for park operations and purchases. Port, Senator Boldon’s allies, and other supporters said the provisions were needed to protect residents from rent spikes and private equity abuses in manufactured home communities, where residents own their homes but not the land. The transcript ends during that debate, before any final disposition on A22 or the bill itself is shown.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 2/10/25
Agriculture Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- We are currently under a schedule of compliance with the PCA, State of Minnesota, and under a timeline
- under a schedule of compliance<01:25:30.159>
with <01:25:30.320>the <01:25:30.480>PCA - the PCA state of Minnesota<01:25:32.600>
and <01:25:32.760>under <01:25:33.000>a - He explained that they were in a unique position because they were working with the PCA and trying not
- and not uh getting ourselves the PCA and not uh getting ourselves into<01:37:41.040>
an <01:37
Summary:
The House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee held an introductory meeting that began with housekeeping, a correction to the committee rules (the room number should be G3, not G35), and member and staff introductions. Members described their districts, agricultural ties, and priorities for the session, including consumer food costs, urban agriculture, farm economics, livestock disease preparedness, and support for Minnesota’s agricultural sectors. No votes were taken during the introductory portion.
The committee then turned to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Deputy Commissioner Andrea Veble of the Minnesota Department of Agriculture said the Walz administration strongly supports SAF because of its potential for agriculture, forestry, and clean energy, and reviewed Minnesota’s 2023 SAF tax credit and related sales tax exemption. She said the state has feedstocks and should continue investing so Minnesota can attract SAF production and support rural jobs. Jeff Davidman of Delta Airlines testified that aviation is difficult to decarbonize and that SAF is the airline industry’s main path to net zero by 2050; he cited current use of SAF, the need to scale production, and Minnesota’s role in supplying feedstocks and hosting future production.
Peter Frost of Greater MSP described the Minnesota SAF Hub as a public-private partnership aimed at building the full SAF value chain in Minnesota. He emphasized that Greater MSP is coordinating investors and partners to grow the regional economy and said the SAF effort is intended to create jobs and economic development. Committee members did not ask questions during the portion captured, and no formal action or vote was recorded on the SAF presentations in this transcript excerpt.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/19/25
Agriculture Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- <01:41:54.599>
we <01:41:54.760>prefer <01:41:55.040>that bio solids under PCA - we prefer that bio solids under PCA we prefer that that's<01:41:55.719>
remains <01:41:55.920> - He says he is glad the PCA guy is still there.
- <01:48:19.880>
guy <01:48:20.040>is comments and I'm glad the PCA guy is comments and - I'm glad the PCA guy is still<01:48:20.440>
there <01:48:21.440>Back <01:48:21.639>
Keywords:
HF44, Casey Jones State Trail, Pipestone Trailhead, Currie Loop, Minnesota bonding bill, capital investment, state bonds, bond proceeds fund, Department of Natural Resources, DNR, trail rehabilitation, trail reconstruction, recreational trail, bike trail, hiking trail, infrastructure, state trail, Pipestone, Currie, bonding authorization
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy Committee 3/12/26
Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- We have PCA up next. >> Please introduce yourself.
- Um, there's also um the PCA has authority to find assess a corrective action plan.
- there's<00:48:13.839>
also <00:48:15.119>um <00:48:15.359>the <00:48:15.599>PCA - Um there's also um the PCA consequences.
- Um there's also um the PCA has<00:48:16.480>
authority <00:48:17.599>to <00:48:18.800>
Keywords:
crossbow, crossbow hunting, archery season, deer hunting, bear hunting, turkey hunting, fishing, common carp, rough fish, game and fish, wildlife management, hunting license, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, DNR, sunset clause, expiration removal, archery equipment, outdoor recreation, infectious waste, pathological waste
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Health and Human Services - 03/12/25
Health and Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- the Community First Services and Supports program, CFSS, and this program is transitioning the old PCA
- :33.599>
this <00:08:33.760>new <00:08:34.039>program <00:08:34.479>one PCA - program into this new program one PCA program into this new program one key<00:08:35.039>
attribute - 09:13.399>
caregiver <00:09:13.959>option <00:09:14.240>under <00:09:14.519>PCA - <00:09:15.240>
this their caregiver option under PCA this their caregiver option under PCA
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Public Safety and Homeland Security Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm
Joint Committee on Public Safety and Homeland Security
Transcript Highlights:
- Now I can get to my meeting on PCA issues. Chair: Any questions for the panelists?
- Now I can get to my meeting on PCA issues. Thank you. Any questions for the panelists? Yes, Mr.
Summary:
The Public Safety and Homeland Security Joint Committee heard testimony on several bills focused on accessibility, fire safety, and transportation safety. House 2569, expanding adaptable housing for people with disabilities and seniors, drew broad support from Rep. Christine Barber, disability advocates, and members of the Massachusetts Developmental Disabilities Council. Witnesses said the bill would close gaps in the Architectural Access Board’s authority, require more adaptable housing in rehabs and older conversions, and extend accessibility requirements to employee-only work areas. They emphasized the shortage and cost of accessible housing, the benefits for aging in place, and the risk of institutionalization when accessible units are unavailable.
The committee also heard strong support for House 2577, which would allow local fire departments to inspect and enforce fire code compliance in state-owned buildings. Rep. Robert Cataldo and Boston Fire Chief Pat Ellis described this as closing a long-standing loophole that leaves state properties outside local fire-code enforcement, despite the hazards posed by aging state buildings and life-safety systems. Fire service representatives also supported bills to create a statewide technical rescue system under the Department of Fire Services, standardizing training, equipment, funding, and coordination across regional rescue teams, and they backed related fire-safety measures including sprinkler-related legislation and professionalism measures.
Rep. James O’Day testified for House 2676, which would require window screens to prevent child falls, arguing it is a common-sense safety measure and noting recent fatal incidents. Ann Shuey and John Kalura testified for House 2601, which would require motor coach passengers to wear seat belts, citing a family tragedy, low seat-belt use, and research showing signage can improve compliance. Steven Poglisi of NAGE supported House 2568, requiring carbon monoxide alarms in public buildings, describing a past CO exposure incident involving a union member. The committee took no votes on the bills during the hearing and adjourned after testimony concluded.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Press Conference: Republican Members Propose New Legislation Addressing Fraud - 02/19/26
Transcript Highlights:
- For example, many states require electronic visit verification for PCA services and other services.
- 08:51.760>
visit <00:08:52.080>verification <00:08:52.959>for <00:08:53.279>PCA - electronic visit verification for PCA electronic visit verification for PCA services<00:08:54.399
Summary:
Senate Republican leaders held a press event to roll out a package of anti-fraud proposals focused on state welfare and human services programs. Mark Johnson opened by citing recent fraud scandals, including a shuttered housing program and reports of vulnerable adults being left without care while providers billed for full services, and said Republicans want top-down reform, stronger accountability, new technology, and tighter oversight of taxpayer dollars. Michael Kreun said Republicans support an independent Office of Inspector General and argued the Senate-passed bill should not be weakened in the House; he also said the Senate should restore its role in confirming agency commissioners, especially at DHS, which he described as central to the fraud problem.
Jordan Rasmusson outlined a plan to stop “blank checks” for DHS and DCYF services by requiring legislative audit review when a program exceeds budget by 5 percent and legislative approval for additional spending at 10 percent over budget. He also said DHS should adopt basic integrity tools such as electronic visit verification and client sign-off. Steve Drazkowski described two bills: a statewide “do-not-pay” list to block payments to ineligible people or entities, and an “I’m Not a Robot” proposal for Medicaid managed care that would require enrollee verification forms, with a 2 percent payment withhold used to encourage compliance and potentially fund county system upgrades. Mark Krueger said the state should improve technology and data use for eligibility determinations, citing other states’ rapid fraud-fighting systems, and proposed penalties for false reporting to the Legislative Auditor after a DHS audit found falsified site-visit records.
Steve Gruenhagen said his bill would require DHS and DCYF to resume annual fraud-prevention and oversight reports to the legislature, which he said had stopped after 2017 despite rising fraud cases. Michael Holmstrom proposed unannounced site visits for all DHS and DCYF providers before enrollment, reenrollment, and revalidation, funded through provider service fees, and cited a recent case involving a woman with autism who was billed for far more care than she received. In the Q&A, Kreun said House Democrats’ delete-everything amendment to the inspector general bill removed the law enforcement division and stripped the bill of its “teeth,” and he suggested the governor’s office may have been involved in efforts to replace the bill with a weaker coordination council model. No votes were taken in the press conference.
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy Committee 1/23/25
Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Sixty-two percent of those permits were required of state agencies: DNR, PCA, and so forth.
- permits were required of state agencies permits were required of state agencies DNR<00:46:49.400>
PCA - 50.920>
forth <00:46:51.920>and <00:46:52.040>so <00:46:52.240>just DNR PCA - Bowser and so forth and so just DNR PCA Bowser and so forth and so just to<00:46:52.520>
create
Summary:
The committee approved the January 21, 2025 minutes and then heard a presentation from the Minnesota Chamber Foundation on its report about Minnesota’s environmental permitting system. The presenters said the report was based on research by Barr Engineering and the Policy Navigation Group and argued that permitting delays can discourage investment and make Minnesota less competitive for manufacturing, mining, energy, clean tech, and other industrial projects. They highlighted that Tier 1 permits are generally issued quickly, but Tier 2 air and water permits often take much longer than the state’s 150-day goal, with some median timelines ranging from 419 to 771 days for Tier 2 air permits and similar delays for industrial water permits. The report also said Minnesota’s permit timelines were longer than peer states and estimated that reducing delays could increase annual output by $260 million to $910 million and support 960 to 3,400 additional full-time-equivalent jobs per year.
Committee members asked about which businesses fall under Tier 2 permits, the economic impact of permitting delays, and whether the Chamber had discussed the report with the governor or MPCA. The presenters said Tier 2 permits typically involve higher-emitting facilities such as manufacturing, utilities, mining, and other industrial operations, and that the economic estimates were based on modeling rather than exact lost-job counts. They also noted that the governor had been briefed and that MPCA had been invited to the hearing but did not attend.
The committee then took up House File 8, which Chair Heintzeman said is intended to improve permitting efficiency while maintaining environmental standards. He described provisions that would reduce the number of 60-day wetland application extensions, require MPCA to issue permitting efficiency reports twice a year, break out data on missed timelines by municipal versus industrial applicants, treat failure to meet the 150-day Tier 2 deadline as a final action subject to judicial review, and require quicker notice when applications are incomplete. He also outlined sections that would allow separate construction and operating permits, expand expedited permitting, and change environmental assessment worksheet petition rules. The bill was moved to be re-referred to the Labor and Workforce Development Committee, and the discussion began, but the transcript ends before any final vote on the bill is shown.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Status of Persons with Disabilities Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Transcript Highlights:
- It doesn't necessarily cross over, but people could be PCAs from that as well.
- So it could be more flexible. ...over, but people could be PCAs from that as well.
Summary:
The Massachusetts Commission on the Status of Persons with Disabilities held its quarterly virtual/in-person meeting and approved the December minutes. The chair announced plans for the next “Meeting the Moment” community forum in Lowell on March 27, in partnership with MassAbility, focused on digital accessibility, education-to-employment transition, workforce supports, long-term services and supports, and health equity, along with a resource fair. The commission also began planning for its October National Disability Employment Awareness Month event and sought volunteers for a small planning group.
The meeting featured an update from the Attorney General’s office on federal litigation affecting Massachusetts, including challenges to federal actions on higher education diversity data collection and DEI-related funding conditions, immigration/TPS for Haitians, NIH research grant disruptions, and the nonrenewal of mental health services grants for schools. The presenter said the state has helped protect more than $3 billion in federal funding and noted ongoing or pending appeals in several cases. Commissioners asked about possible impacts on disability-related DEI work and Medicaid; the AG’s office said guidance on DEIA/employment initiatives is available and that the state is closely monitoring federal Medicaid communications and coordinating with the governor’s office.
Undersecretary of Labor Josh Cutler and apprenticeship liaison Amara Riemann presented on registered apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs, emphasizing paid, employer-driven pathways with classroom instruction and wage progression. They highlighted growth in nontraditional fields such as human services, IT, early education, biotech, and banking, and described Bridgewater State University’s Excel program for neurodivergent people and people with disabilities as a model that can lead from pre-apprenticeship to apprenticeship. Commissioners discussed expanding similar models through community colleges and disability-focused workforce pipelines.
Subcommittee reports covered disability employment, long-term services and supports, and health equity. The employment subcommittee heard from CED on state disability employment initiatives and planned future presentations from the Lawrence Partnership for Transition to Employment and Veterans Affairs. The long-term services and supports subcommittee discussed MassHealth budget pressures, anticipated federal Medicaid changes, the personal care attendant working group, and an upcoming discussion on crisis standards of care. In commissioner announcements, members highlighted recent honors for several commissioners, updates on municipal digital accessibility grants, a June Medicaid summit, and other commission activities. No formal votes were taken beyond approval of the minutes.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Republican Press Conference 4/2/25
Transcript Highlights:
- ago, Senator Thomason and I think Senator Bach introduced the bill that would allow site-specific, so PCA
- Senator Thomason and I think Senator Bach introduced the bill that would allow site-specific action, so PCA
Summary:
House File 3030, the Minnesota Miners Relief Act, was presented as a response to layoffs at Cleveland-Cliffs facilities in Minorca and Hibbing, where more than 600 workers were expected to be affected. Supporters said the bill combines an extension of unemployment benefits for laid-off miners with two policy provisions: a site-specific standard intended to address long-running MPCA permitting and rulemaking issues, and standards for the safe storage of reactive mine waste. Speakers argued the package would provide immediate relief while also creating more certainty for future mining jobs and critical minerals development on the Iron Range.
The event featured remarks from Representatives Spencer Igo and Cal Warwas, St. Louis County Commissioner Mike Jugovich, Senator Rob Farnsworth, and union and mine representatives, all of whom emphasized the personal and community impact of the layoffs. They described the potential ripple effects on suppliers, local businesses, young workers, and public revenues, and said the bill was about livelihoods rather than politics. Several speakers stressed that the policy provisions were meant to provide clearer, safer standards rather than weaken environmental protections, and they urged bipartisan cooperation to preserve mining jobs and support the region’s long-term future.
In response to questions, Igo said the bill had strong bipartisan support for the UI extension and that the policy provisions should not threaten its chances. He said the UI portion was about three pages of the six-page bill and estimated the cost to the UI trust fund at between $1 million and $12 million. He also said the other provisions would require only modest statutory changes. The bill had been heard in the labor committee and was laid over for possible inclusion or further action.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- The programs include PCA Choice, CFSS budget model, CDCS, and the Consumer Support Grant.
- The settlement includes a 40-cent per hour raise for some workers in two programs, PCA Choice and CFSS
- Choice cfss budget model cdcs PCA Choice cfss budget model cdcs program<00:18:05.559>
and <00: - hour raise for some workers in two per hour raise for some workers in two programs<00:18:13.720>
PCA - choice and cfss budget programs PCA choice and cfss budget model<00:18:17.080>
it <00:18:17.280
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Committee on Environment, Climate and Legacy - 04/07/26
Environment, Climate, and Legacy
Transcript Highlights:
- nitrogen problem in Minnesota surface water was obvious and getting worse, the legislature gave the PCA
- 00:15:57.040>
legislature <00:15:57.640>gave <00:15:57.920>the <00:15:58.000>PCA - gave the PCA the money needed<00:15:59.160>
to <00:15:59.280>create <00:15:59.640>a - <00:16:16.680>
would for drinking water, because PCA would for drinking water, because PCA - Also, thank our agencies like DNR and PCA. We are going to have to compose ourselves, all of us.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 3/26/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Services like PCA, services like home nursing, services like, um, TRA care.
- Services like PCA, services like home nursing, services like, um, TRA care.
- line with the rules and regulations regarding temporary travel, as other direct care services like PCA
- <01:25:45.840>
Also, <01:25:46.400>just services like PCA and CDCs. - Also, just services like PCA and CDCs.