Transcript Highlights:

• They're investigating a drive-by shooting. They're investigating a kidnapping.
• scene, that just fled that drive-by.
• And you're driving in the same direction that that car was reported and driving in.
• They were profiled because the car they were driving matched the description.
• Drive in 1973, launched the Rosen Plaza in 1991, and built his hotel empire to nearly 7,000 rooms.

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opening prayer, pledge, and several member introductions and recognitions, including resolutions and visiting groups. The chamber then moved to a special order calendar and took up a series of bills, beginning with SB 88 on utility terrain vehicles, which would allow local governments to opt in to street use of UTVs under specified safety conditions; it passed 32-5 after debate over safety concerns. SB 102 on exceptional student education created a workforce credential/badge program for students with autism or on modified curricula; despite concerns about unfunded mandates, it passed 36-0. SB 106 on exploitation of vulnerable adults authorized alternative service methods for scammers through the apps they used to contact victims and passed 37-0. SB 130 expanded and eased procedures for compensation of victims of wrongful incarceration, including extending filing deadlines and removing restrictive bars; it passed 38-0. SB 158 eliminated cost sharing for diagnostic and supplemental breast exams under the state employee health plan and passed 38-0. The Senate then considered SB 234 on crimes against law enforcement officers, prompted by the killing of Officer Jason Raynor. The bill clarified that a person may not resist an officer with violence and added a mandatory life sentence for manslaughter of a law enforcement officer. A late amendment to restore “good faith” language failed, and after extensive debate over due process, racial profiling, and sentencing concerns, the bill was temporarily postponed rather than brought to a final vote. SB 262 on trust code technical changes passed 36-0. SB 274 designated portions of roads in Orlando as Harris Rosen Way and Geraldine Thompson Way; it passed 38-0 and then received 37 co-sponsors. SB 280 created an enforcement mechanism for candidate party-affiliation qualification requirements and passed 38-0. SB 296 repealed the statewide middle and high school start-time mandate and returned the issue to local districts with reporting requirements; it passed 38-0. Later, SB 356 designated January 27 as International Holocaust Remembrance Day in Florida, with the sponsor emphasizing anti-Semitism and the need for education and remembrance. The transcript also included additional ceremonial remarks and recognition of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity members in the gallery. Throughout the meeting, most measures advanced with unanimous or near-unanimous support, while SB 234 generated the most substantive disagreement and was set aside for later consideration.

Transcript Highlights:

• Allows a person whose license is automatically suspended for driving under the influence to ... ...for
• driving under the influence to contest the suspension.
• Reducing the blood alcohol content to 0.05% is linked to fewer instances of impaired driving and its
• A 0.05 BAC limit is a deterrent to impaired driving and affects everyone's safety.
• It is about separating drinking from driving. It is about preventing crashes, injuries, and deaths.

Summary: The House Committee on Transportation met on March 20, 2025, first on two bills and then on a series of resolutions. On SB 597, relating to administrative driver’s license revocation, the Department of the Attorney General and other agencies supported extending the deadlines for written review decisions because chemical testing results, especially from neighbor islands, can take longer to return. One individual testified in opposition. The committee amended the bill to set the review-decision deadlines at 14 and 28 days, deferred the effective date to July 1, 3000, and recommended passage with amendments by vote. The committee then heard SB 1285 SD2, a highway safety measure that would create an impaired-driving offense, establish automatic license suspension procedures, and amend related administrative processes. The Attorney General’s office raised concerns about the new infraction structure and recommended deleting that section, while the Public Defender opposed the bill, arguing it could create due process problems and unnecessary burdens on the courts. DOT and several advocacy groups supported the measure, and one individual testified in support of lowering the BAC limit to 0.05. The committee adopted extensive amendments, including deleting several sections, revising revocation language for refusals to test, and deferring the effective date to July 1, 3000, then passed the bill with amendments. In the later resolution hearing, the committee heard measures on Maui road projects, the Kulani Hako Bridge replacement, enforcement against improperly registered out-of-state vehicles, a proposed extension of the Skyline rail to West Oahu, a proposal to transfer airport regulatory authority to DOT, a golf-ball safety resolution, and a restricted parking pilot program in West Oahu neighborhoods. Testimony was generally supportive on the Maui road, bridge, vehicle-registration, and golf-ball measures, while DOT opposed the airport-corporation task force resolution and several groups offered mixed views, including calls for public-sector union representation if a task force were created. The committee also heard support and concern on the Skyline extension resolution, with members noting the need for transit options that better serve West Oahu. At the end of the meeting, the committee adopted the resolutions it took up in decision-making, including the Maui road measures, the bridge resolution, the vehicle-registration resolution, and the Skyline-related resolution, with the airport-corporation and parking-zone measures also heard before adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• We oftentimes block their drive-throughs.
• include 12 hours of driving, 15 hours on duty, or 11. hours of driving, 14 hours on duty.
• Hand control is ensuring that restaurants don't face unnecessary regulatory hurdles that drive up costs
• Then after that, I'm going to drive burger patties from Austin to San Marcos so that we can replenish
• This person's job is to drive around the neighborhood and look for violations.

Bills: SB264 , SB542 , SB924 , SB1008 , SB1029 , SB1036 , SB1057 , SB1058 , SB1185 , SB1202 , SB1358 , SB1364 , SB1376 , SB1569 , SB1664 , SB1697 , SJR50

Committee: Senate Business & Commerce

Transcript Highlights:

• If you drive on the west side of the campus of NDSU, it'll look completely different.
• We're driving behavior on CIP codes instead of just saying, because we've done that.
• We're driving behavior on CIP codes instead of just saying, because we've done that.
• And it drives a little bit of all this complexity, too, because I think some of this discussion would
• So I think that's part of driving the discussion, to have those nine discussed, the other two here.

Summary: The committee met to discuss higher education funding and capital building policy. Members first heard an update from NDUS Deputy Commissioner Lisa Johnson on low-producing academic programs. She described a proposed board policy using a five-year rolling window and thresholds of fewer than 10 undergraduate graduates or fewer than 5 graduate graduates, with programs flagged for three consecutive review periods going to the board. Possible outcomes would include continuation, continuation with modifications, inactivation, or termination. Members asked about how the review would account for program costs, service to other students, workforce demand, and the difference between inactivation and termination. Johnson said the board would consider broader factors and that campuses already do detailed program analysis. Several members also asked about cost savings and staffing impacts from program terminations, and Johnson said the board would try to provide more information later. The committee then received a report on the Capital Building Fund from Jamie Wilkie. He reviewed the program’s history, matching requirements, and recent uses, noting that about $334 million in state and matching dollars has been invested overall, with most going to deferred maintenance and extraordinary repairs. Members discussed whether the program is reducing deferred maintenance and requested updated systemwide data on deferred maintenance and campus space utilization. Wilkie said the board is considering a new study to update deferred maintenance figures, which are based on information more than 12 years old. He also reported that several institutions have used current biennium funds for projects such as residence hall renovations, health sciences housing, generators, and building repairs. Later, the committee began a detailed walkthrough of a draft bill that would replace the current higher education funding formula with an FTE-based model and also revise the capital building fund structure. The draft would use fall enrollment FTEs, add completion incentives for degrees in in-demand fields, and create a separate research funding component for UND and NDSU tied to doctoral completions and external research expenditures. Members raised concerns about the use of older data in the formula, the treatment of waivers, the weighting of professional and health sciences programs, and the use of CIP codes to define CTE and education incentives. The bill draft would also combine capital building fund tiers, broaden eligible uses for deferred maintenance and legislatively authorized projects, change matching requirements, repeal the old formula chapter and the capital pool, and transfer funds from the Strategic Investment and Improvements Fund into the capital building fund. No final votes were taken during the portion provided; the meeting was primarily discussion and review.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><01:08:02.559><c> for</c><01:08:02.880><c> Warren</c> and sock donation drive for Warren and sock
• He would drive cars until they were fairly old, and his house was not a mansion by any means.
• at night, having dinner by himself, driving himself home, and he loved his family.
• himself to the restaurant at driving himself to the restaurant at night,<01:12:45.679><c> having</c>
• </c> night, having dinner by himself, driving night, having dinner by himself, driving himself<01:12:

Transcript Highlights:

• We're driving right by this school every day and it's 10 minutes away.
• </c><00:34:54.879><c> and</c><00:34:55.040><c> driving</c><00:34:55.280><c> two</c><00:34:55.520><c>
• We're driving right by works in an area.
• and daddy can drive them to school and back.
• and daddy can drive them to school and back.

Committee: Joint Education

Transcript Highlights:

• No one in my district, and I can very safely say that no one in my district is driving 90 minutes to
• No one in my district, and I can very safely say that no one in my district is driving 90 minutes to
• one in my can very safely say that no one in my district<00:03:06.400><c> is</c><00:03:06.560><c> driving
• We drive around the community, and there are all these little things here and there that we support:
• We drive around the community, and there are all these little things here and there that we support:

Summary: The committee heard testimony on House File 733, which would restore electronic pull-tab features such as open-all, free play, bonus games, and similar functions that were restricted in 2023. The bill’s supporters, including representatives of Allied Charities of Minnesota, the American Legion, and a Bloomington school activities foundation, argued that the 2023 changes reduced revenue for charitable gambling operations and, in turn, cut funding for veterans programs, youth sports, food shelves, school needs, and other local community services. Several supporters cited early revenue declines since the new rules took effect, including double-digit drops and one example of a Bloomington site reporting a 29% year-over-year decline overall and a 44% drop in e-tab revenue. They also argued that restoring the features would help charities without meaningfully increasing casino play. Opponents, including Citizens Against Gambling Expansion and the Minnesota Indian Gaming Association, said the bill would expand slot-machine-like gambling in neighborhood bars and restaurants and increase problem gambling and related social harms. They argued the features in question mimic slot machines, are especially concerning in non-age-restricted locations, and would amount to a major expansion of gambling. The tribal representative also said the 2023 clarification was appropriate, that charitable gambling revenues do not translate efficiently into mission funding, and that tax relief or other policy changes would be better ways to help charities than restoring the disputed features. The chair reminded testifiers to keep comments neutral and not partisan. After testimony, a member discussion began, with Representative Ray Rower thanking the testifiers and expressing support for their work. The transcript excerpt does not show a final vote or disposition beyond the bill being recommended to be re-referred to the Commerce Finance and Policy Committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:38:37.800><c> this</c> to college and he has been driving this to college and he has been driving
• Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.' So let us lead with love.
• </c><00:59:44.319><c> out</c><00:59:44.599><c> Darkness</c> quote Darkness cannot drive out Darkness
• quote Darkness cannot drive out Darkness only<00:59:45.520><c> the</c><00:59:45.680><c> light</c><00:
• out hate only that hate cannot drive out hate only love<00:59:52.799><c> can</c><00:59:53.039><c> do

Transcript Highlights:

• And so now I have to keep driving side.
• Well, um, the particular bus that's driving over you right now, um, Senator Abbis is driving, so um,
• Um, we're driving this, don't park here.
• </c> make them think twice before driving make them think twice before driving recklessly<01:36:35.360
• </c> approved in-person driving approved in-person driving program.<03:54:24.319><c> So,</c><03:54:24.479

Committee: House Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:07:45.759><c> uh</c> Corporation that are driving uh Corporation that are driving uh technology
• So again, we drive entrepreneurialism.
• </c> community together to really drive it. community together to really drive it.
• </c> state is because that's going to drive state is because that's going to drive collisions<01:17:47.760
• </c><01:24:04.800><c> those</c> Kucky's tourism market driving those Kucky's tourism market driving those

Committee: Joint Economic Development & Workforce Investment

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:39:02.240><c> it</c> resulted in killing it and driving it resulted in killing it and driving
• You're absolutely going to drive the entire industry toward NDAs.
• </c><00:39:50.960><c> the</c> you're absolutely going to drive the you're absolutely going to drive the
• </c> This appears to just be a focus to drive This appears to just be a focus to drive data<00:40:07.120
• Drives so much economic impact and such a pride and joy for this state.

Transcript Highlights:

• He said you don’t drive change in systems with consumer choice.
• It’s sad driving this, what happened to my home.
• But driving this what happened my home.
• Anyone who drives right up to the creek.
• </c> is is helping drive this cancer crisis. is is helping drive this cancer crisis.

Bills: HF3718

Committee: House Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> tend to be more expensive and so drive tend to be more expensive and so drive higher<00:13:22.120
• prescribing, how does it drive consolidation, seeing that affiliated site can generate revenue with
• prescribing, how does it drive consolidation, seeing that affiliated site can generate revenue with
• prescribing how does it incentive drive prescribing how does it drive drive drive does<00:24:51.040>
• <c> it</c><00:24:51.600><c> drive</c><00:24:51.960><c> consolidation</c> does it drive consolidation

Committee: Senate Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:

• We have invested over $64 million in driver bonuses, EV rentals, and in-app tools to make driving electric
• The program was designed to drive EV adoption over time, as opposed to merely match or decelerate, and
• The program was designed to drive EV adoption over time, as opposed to merely match or decelerate, and
• just highlight the need that the bill is proposing to make sure that the U.S. drivers, people doing driving
• just highlight the need that the bill is proposing to make sure that the U.S. drivers, people doing driving

Summary: The Assembly Communications and Conveyance Committee met with several bills on the agenda, beginning with SB 739 (Arreguín) on the Clean Miles Standard and Incentive Program for transportation network companies. The author and supporters from Lyft, Uber, and TechNet said the bill would update EV miles traveled and greenhouse gas targets to reflect current market conditions, add flexibility for CARB and the CPUC, and protect drivers from losing platform access while also creating a path for future electrification. Opponents including the American Lung Association, Sierra Club California, and NRDC argued the bill would weaken a program meant to accelerate EV adoption and should retain stronger targets. Members discussed affordability, charging infrastructure, and the need to balance climate goals with feasibility. The committee approved SB 739 as amended and re-referred it to Appropriations, later recording a 9-0 vote when the roll was completed. The committee then heard SB 1190 (Grove), the “Safe Passage for Youth Act,” which would regulate private youth transport services used for out-of-state residential placements. The author and sponsor testimony described abusive practices such as nighttime pickups, blindfolds, restraints, and emotional trauma, and said the bill would require CPUC permitting, TrustLine background checks, training, parental consent, and bans on certain practices. Support came from youth and disability advocates, with no opposition testimony. The bill was moved on a due pass as amended recommendation and later passed 9-0. SB 1191 (Ochoa Bogh) would extend the sunset for California High Cost Fund A and B universal service programs that help provide affordable telephone service in rural and high-cost areas. Supporters from rural telecom companies and industry groups said the funds are essential for maintaining service, 911 access, and emergency communications in remote communities. There was no opposition, and the committee advanced the bill on a due pass recommendation; it later passed 9-0. The consent item, SB 985 (Strickland) on the 911 emergency system, was also approved. Finally, the committee heard SB 1246 (Cortese) on autonomous vehicles and emergency response. The author and supporters from SEIU California and the California Professional Firefighters said the bill would require AV companies to provide incident response, notify local jurisdictions during system failures, ensure U.S.-based remote drivers, and prevent public safety workers from having to manage AV breakdowns. Industry opponents argued the bill intrudes on federal vehicle standards, gives local governments enforcement authority they should not have, and could create overly broad notification and response requirements. Members raised questions about local control, response times, and whether the bill was premature given existing DMV regulations. Despite those concerns, the committee passed SB 1246 on a due pass as amended recommendation, later recording a 7-1 vote. The committee then recessed and returned to complete roll calls before adjourning.

Transcript Highlights:

• So if I'm driving at all times, I have to keep proof of my citizenship on me.
• Driving while intoxicated under and do you know where it is currently?
• Currently, we don't have any law for that if they're driving on a fraudulent CDL.
• I had a further question on the first section. that if they're driving on a fraudulent CDL.
• And most folks don't want to drive around with a copy of their birth certificate.

Committee: House Special Committee on Intergovernmental Affairs

Summary: The committee met in executive session and first voted House Bill 2563 do pass by a 12-1 vote. It then took up House Bill 3491, which would allow the state auditor to investigate specific subrecipients or subgroups directly when there is a whistleblower complaint, rather than having to audit an entire department or program. Testimony from the bill sponsor and the auditor’s office described the measure as a way to improve efficiency and respond to credible complaints about misuse of state or federal funds; members discussed safeguards, overlap with another federal-funds coordinator bill, and whether the authority would extend to private or semi-private entities. The committee adopted an amendment to clarify language, then voted the House Committee substitute for HB 3491 do pass by an 8-3 vote. The committee also considered Senate Bill 1087, on which it adopted a technical substitute correcting conflicting language about when a driver’s license suspension takes effect. After adopting the substitute, the committee voted the House Committee substitute for SB 1087 do pass by a 9-2 vote. Later, the committee heard House Bills 2139 and 2175, identical bills aimed at preventing foreign or religious law, specifically Sharia law, from being applied in Missouri courts. Supporters argued the bills were needed to protect constitutional law, while opponents, including a Baptist minister and several members, said the measures were unnecessary, discriminatory, and could create unintended consequences for marriages, adoptions, and other foreign legal documents. No vote was taken on those bills in the transcript. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 3210, which would let property owners in municipalities over 100,000 population seek compensation up to their property tax liability when a city allegedly fails to enforce laws against public camping, loitering, theft, intoxication, and related conditions on their property. The sponsor said the bill was meant to hold local governments accountable and help property owners dealing with ongoing encampments and sanitation problems. Members raised concerns about vague standards, possible unfunded mandates, and the burden on cities, while supporters said it could address serious local problems and encourage action. The hearing closed without a vote on HB 3210.

Transcript Highlights:

• You can see how we project this will drive down the per capita fuel costs.
• You can see how we project this will drive down the per capita fuel costs for transportation through
• So really opening up new routes to provide more accessible transportation for longer drives and longer
• I know I drive it.
• And that picture I took on my first day driving a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Bills: HB2111 , HB2495

Committee: Senate Transportation

Keywords: Interstate 5 bridge, toll facility, bond retirement, transportation, state funding, vehicles, streetcar operation, public safety, urban regulation

Transcript Highlights:

• And you can see how we project this will drive down the per capita fuel costs for transportation driving
• So really opening up new routes to provide more accessible transportation for longer drives and longer
• I know I drive it.
• really looking at where these fuels are going to be the most cost-effective and efficient ways to drive
• And that picture I took on my first day driving a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

Summary: The Senate Transportation Committee held a work session on electric vehicles, renewable fuels, hydrogen, and related transportation investments, followed by public hearings on several bills. Agency presenters from WSDOT, Commerce, and Ecology described the Electric Vehicle Coordinating Council’s work, Washington’s slowing EV adoption growth, charging infrastructure gaps, and programs such as NEVI, ZEVIP, and a new medium- and heavy-duty incentive program. Members asked about fast-charging standards and whether higher-capacity chargers could be supported. Commerce also outlined renewable fuels and sustainable aviation fuel efforts, including the Office of Renewable Fuels, hydrogen and SAF modeling, technical assistance, and the Cascadia Sustainable Aviation Accelerator’s partnerships and funding. WSDOT then discussed hydrogen investments in transit, aviation, backup power, and corridor planning, while Ecology explained the alternative jet fuel programmatic environmental impact statement, its scope, timeline, and how it will support future project review. In the public hearing on Substitute House Bill 2114, the committee heard testimony supporting a no-fee replacement process for defective license plates within two years of issuance, with optional fee waivers later; the sponsor and county auditors said peeling or unreadable plates are a real customer-service problem, especially in eastern Washington. The hearing on House Bill 2111 concerned allowing the I-5 Bridge Replacement Project toll facility bond retirement account to keep its interest earnings instead of sending them to the general fund; the prime sponsor said it is a straightforward fix requested by the state treasurer. Substitute House Bill 1823 would update Transportation Improvement Board statutes by replacing “non-motorized” with “active transportation” and removing obsolete references; TIB said it is a cleanup bill that aligns statutes with current grant practices and complete streets policy. The committee also heard House Bill 2495, which would let the City of Seattle direct immediate impoundment of unattended vehicles blocking streetcar operations, similar to existing authority for Sound Transit. Seattle’s streetcar manager said blocked tracks cause frequent delays and that the bill would reduce waits for police authorization and restore service faster. Public testimony and sign-in counts were noted for each bill, but no votes were taken in the transcript, and the meeting concluded after the final public hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• We recognize the caliber of the University of New Mexico and have already hired numerous alumni to drive
• Mexico Institute at UNM as a partnership with Sandia National Labs and Los Alamos National Labs to help drive
• We have to really have the pathways that are driving more students in... ...and includes our industry
• We have to really have the pathways that are driving more students in and that are building our capacity
• You're going to be the corner of Main and Main, and they're going to drive your dollar values up on property

Bills: SB145 , SB143 , HB2 , SB145 , SB143

Committees: Senate Senate Finance , Senate House Appropriations & Finance

Keywords: auditing, financial reporting, state auditor, public agencies, capital outlay, compliance, federal audits, agriculture, New Mexico Department of Agriculture, fee update, regulatory fees, egg inspection, egg grading, egg dealer, pesticide control, pesticide registration, pesticide applicator, pest management consultant, plant protection, nursery license

Transcript Highlights:

• 00:15:02.639><c> Brook</c> southerntherly side of Indian Brook southerntherly side of Indian Brook Drive
• </c> Drive in the city of Dover. Drive in the city of Dover. Proceed,<00:15:07.199><c> sir.
• access on Turnpike and is one point of access on Indian<00:15:16.880><c> Brook</c><00:15:17.199><c> Drive
• c><00:15:18.079><c> The</c><00:15:18.240><c> department</c><00:15:18.560><c> will</c> Indian Brook Drive
• The department will Indian Brook Drive.

Summary: The Long Range Capital Planning and Utilization Committee approved the April 14, 2025 minutes and then considered several capital items, mostly Department of Transportation property dispositions and one Department of Business and Economic Affairs lease amendment. BEA requested approval to amend its Granite Center LLC lease to absorb space used by Gopher, explaining that the arrangement would keep both agencies in the same building, allow flexible space allocation, and produce a modest net savings while using federal funds reimbursed through an interagency arrangement. The committee asked about Gopher’s role, the floor layout, and whether federal money was indirectly subsidizing the lease; the item was approved. DOT items approved included sale of a former maintenance parcel in Raymond, vacant land in Dover, a permanent utility easement in Conway for the Conway Water Precinct, and a direct sale of limited access right-of-way in Seabrook to C&J Seabrook LLC for parking expansion. Members asked about environmental liability on the Raymond parcel, the size and location of the Conway easement, and whether C&J would charge for parking; C&J said the expansion would support a successful facility and that parking revenues help fund improvements such as paving, lighting, and security cameras. The committee also approved a small Salem parcel sale to Brooks Property LLC. The Department of Environmental Services received approval to transfer 37 acres near a New Ipswich flood control site to the town as part of a long-running settlement involving cemetery encroachment onto state land. DES said the agreement, reached with the town in 2023, reflects prior legislation and includes payment to the state; members asked whether there was any current dam damage, and DES said there was none. In miscellaneous business, the New Hampshire Liquor Commission said the governor had directed cancellation of the planned RFP sale and that the matter would instead proceed as a ground lease through a new RFP process. The committee also noted informational items on Council on Resources and Development minutes and surplus land reviews, set the next meeting for September 29 at 9:30, and adjourned by motion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Major things that I think will drive this, one is predictable and stable defense budget and program spend
• And things that we can do to go ahead and drive more understanding into the leaders at the tactical level
• assess the enterprise blueprint going forward and making sure we look for where the barriers are to drive
• policy, procedure, whatever we need to go look at to make sure we can break down those barriers and drive
• We talk about recapitalizing, you know, the Manhattan Project-era facilities and driving those into the

Committees: Senate Subcommittee on Personnel , Senate Subcommittee on Strategic Forces

Keywords: defense industrial base, small business, workforce development, acquisition processes, national security, cybersecurity, critical minerals

Summary: The meeting of the committee revolved around critical discussions on enhancing the defense industrial base, focusing on small business engagement and the importance of streamlined processes in defense contracting. There was a significant emphasis on the need for more investment in the defense manufacturing sector, particularly in the face of competition from countries like China. Some members expressed frustration over the treatment of small businesses, citing barriers that prevent these innovative companies from effectively participating in defense contracts. The need for a workforce capable of meeting the common challenges posed by evolving technologies and geopolitical threats was also highlighted throughout the meeting.