Transcript Highlights:

• </c> general fund support for rail operations general fund support for rail operations but<00:11:19.360
• <00:11:51.800><c> or</c><00:11:52.079><c> our</c> operations or our operations or our aspirations<00:
• <00:12:18.240><c> U</c><00:12:19.040><c> uh</c> operating U uh operating U uh expenses<00:12:21.079><
• </c> operating cost of a of rail operations operating cost of a of rail operations now<00:48:41.000><
• between operating and capital cost.

Committee: Senate Transportation

Transcript Highlights:

• And that was for primarily—was that primarily for operations and...”
• All of our shelter operators have rules and operating protocols for protecting residents and for ensuring
• We're trying to discuss how they are operated.
• The challenge is operations.
• So most people are probably operating in good faith in this space.

Summary: The Housing Committee held work sessions on federal Continuum of Care homelessness funding and on state step-housing siting rules before moving into public hearings on House Bill 2266 and House Bill 2489. Commerce staff said HUD’s late and restrictive Continuum of Care funding notice put about $120 million a year in Washington operating support for existing homeless housing projects at risk, but a lawsuit led by the Attorney General forced HUD to restart renewal funding. Commerce also reviewed how local governments are implementing step-housing requirements, including model ordinances, planning updates, and ongoing compliance reviews under recent state law. House Bill 2266 would require cities and counties to allow step housing in all nonindustrial zones, apply the same permitting and environmental review as other residential uses, limit design review to administrative processes, and remove certain local standards and conditions on existing buildings and affordable housing. Supporters, including Plymouth Housing, Disability Rights Washington, King County, the Attorney General’s Office, and Catholic Community Services, argued the bill would reduce discriminatory barriers, protect people with disabilities, and make it easier to site shelters, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing. Several city representatives and the Association of Washington Cities opposed or sought amendments, saying the bill was too broad and could limit local authority over operational agreements, safety plans, spacing, community engagement, and funding conditions; some asked for clearer carveouts for emergency shelters and related uses. House Bill 2489 would bar local governments from enforcing public-space anti-camping or similar laws unless adequate alternative shelter space is available, with “life-sustaining activities” and “adequate alternative shelter space” defined in detail. Rep. Gregerson said the bill would create a statewide floor and prevent punishment for survival conduct when no real shelter option exists. The ACLU, service providers, and shelter operators supported the bill, citing displacement from fragmented local ordinances, enforcement costs, and the need to align enforcement with actual shelter availability. Testimony also described low-barrier shelter operations and examples of people stabilizing once housed. The hearing on HB 2489 began with staff explanation and initial testimony; no votes were taken on either bill in the transcript.

Transcript Highlights:

• To that, we add an operating adjustment on line 29 of $179.
• On line 116, we have an operating adjustment.
• On line 124, we have their operating adjustment.
• Number one is the operating adjustment.
• In a level of operational detail, the implications of funding the DOC's operating adjustment at the proposed

Committee: House Public Safety Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• Great operators within the city, local private utility companies, and you have great operators.
• In unincorporated parts of House District 140, where this operator operates, They are the only water
• At some point, the operator would be held responsible for the poor operation.
• Are they all owner-operated, or are some of them like HOA-type facilities that hire an operator to operate
• So the operator, they're actually the operator of record. They're not hiring a third party.

Bills: HB29 , HB685 , HB1633 , HB1689 , HB1690 , HB1918 , HB2010 , HB2500 , HB2608 , HB2626 , HB29

Committee: House Natural Resources

Keywords: water audit, water loss, water loss mitigation plan, municipally owned utility, municipal utility, water conservation, Texas Water Development Board, TCEQ, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, water leakage, leak detection, billing data accuracy, utility validation, water audit validation, water scarcity, water management, infrastructure, public utility, conservation plan, administrative penalty

Transcript Highlights:

• , there will be bodies specific to each operator with only the counties that have those operators.
• Threat to an operator that's not doing what it needs to do.
• operators.
• And, you know, and also relayed in this measure, of all the major operators, only one large operator
• There's 90 days for the operational... Action plan.

Committee: House Transportation

Summary: The Assembly Transportation Committee heard SB 63 by Senator Wiener, as amended, a Bay Area transit funding measure intended to avert major service cuts at BART, Muni, Caltrain, and AC Transit. The authors said the region faces a fiscal cliff and that the bill would place a sales tax measure before voters to provide long-term operating support, paired with a third-party efficiency review and new accountability provisions. Supporters, including SPUR, Caltrain, BART, MTC, transit agencies, local governments, labor, and environmental groups, argued the measure is urgently needed to prevent collapse of transit service and broader economic harm. A major focus of the hearing was accountability and governance. The bill’s amended structure would create operator-specific ad hoc adjudication committees made up of commissioners from the counties that fund each operator, with the ability to withhold a portion of funding if problems are not corrected. Senator Wiener and Senator Arreguín said the amendments strengthened oversight and reflected extensive negotiations among the counties. Assemblymember Papan opposed the bill, arguing it still lacked fair representation and proactive oversight for San Mateo County and that the county was being asked to pay without sufficient control. Assemblymember Lackey also opposed the measure, calling it a bailout and criticizing the tax structure. Committee members questioned how complaints would be filed, how the adjudication process would work, whether MTC could override committee decisions, and how often counties could bring complaints. The authors explained that counties may file one complaint per operator per year, that MTC must follow the ad hoc committee’s recommendation, and that withheld funds would be returned if issues are resolved. After debate, Assemblymember Ahrens moved the bill and Assemblymember Harabedian seconded. The committee voted 11-5 to pass SB 63 as amended and send it to the floor.

Transcript Highlights:

• Operating expenses.
• Operating expenses, $64,027.
• State Park operations: 342.3 FTE. Wildlife Operations: $798,614,?
• Operating expenses, motorpool vehicle lease and 152,000 operating expenses.
• </c> lease and 152,000 operating expenses. lease and 152,000 operating expenses.

Transcript Highlights:

• It disrupted operations all the way up to Virginia until the Virginia operations were attacked.
• This has to be an organized operation.
• It also gives oil and gas operators...
• The potential for liability will ensure that all operators, treatment facilities, and middlemen operate
• We need it for our operations.

Bills: HB48 , HB49 , HB 1169 , HB1971 , HB2584 , HB2663 , HB2890 , HB48 , HB49

Committee: House Energy Resources

Keywords: HB 48, oilfield theft, organized theft, petroleum products, oil and gas equipment, DPS, Department of Public Safety, Texas, Railroad Commission, criminal justice, energy resources, theft prevention, organized crime, border region, El Paso, law enforcement task force, asset recovery, pipeline theft, drilling equipment, equipment theft

Transcript Highlights:

• I visited 12 different operating companies, almost all A month ago, I visited 12 different operating
• And that is the lateral lengths and the operational efficiencies that operators are gaining.
• And that is the lateral links and the operational efficiencies that operators are gaining.
• What's interesting is that when operators drop rigs, oftentimes another operator picks those rigs up
• What's interesting is that when operators drop rigs, oftentimes another operator picks those rigs up

Summary: The committee met as the Regulatory Division budget section and first reviewed the North Dakota Housing Finance Agency’s budget and program update. Legislative Council outlined the agency’s base budget and historical funding, and Housing Finance staff reported on homeownership lending, housing incentive fund (HIF) awards, and homeless grant spending. Agency officials said the five new FTEs approved last session are mostly filled, with one homeless program manager still open. They described strong demand for HIF, noting that September 2025 multifamily requests exceeded $73 million while only $25 million was available, and that single-family and homeless programs are also heavily subscribed. Members discussed the agency’s local loan servicing workload, interest-rate benefits, down payment assistance, and the need to coordinate housing discussions with Commerce and site-preparation efforts. The agency asked that HIF, single-family, and homeless funding be maintained or increased, and committee members emphasized accountability and statewide access for homeless prevention and rapid rehousing funds. The Department of Mineral Resources then presented its budget and agency initiatives. Staff reported that the department is on track financially, that most of the five new reclamation-related FTEs are hired, and that litigation costs tied to oil and gas matters are expected to continue appearing late in the biennium. The director reviewed ongoing modernization and organizational efforts, including the North Star IT project, succession planning, training, and rulemaking for oil and gas and critical minerals. Members asked about longer laterals, spacing, and production trends; the department said operators are increasingly drilling three-, four-, and even an initial five-mile lateral, which is helping keep North Dakota oil production relatively flat even as rig counts ease. The director also discussed oil price volatility tied to Middle East conflict, hedging practices among producers, gas capture remaining around 95%, and the likelihood that current production levels will stay near flat unless prices or geopolitical conditions change significantly. An update on the enhanced oil recovery grant program followed. The Industrial Commission’s grant administrator said the full $25 million appropriation was allocated in the fall to six projects, and because the oil and gas research fund also had carryover and biennial tax revenue, total awards reached about $45.1 million. The projects are expected to run two to four years, with meaningful results not likely until mid-2026 or later. Members questioned whether the public would have access to the research findings and how accountability would be maintained; staff said the grants are reimbursement-based, require regular status reports, and will culminate in public final reports. The committee also heard from the North Dakota Pipeline Authority, which updated members on natural gas transmission projects, especially WBI Energy’s proposed Bakken East pipeline. The authority said the project has advanced through a nonbinding and then binding open season, with WBI now securing survey permissions and moving through regulatory and landowner processes, while other related gas transmission projects near Minot and Epping are also in development.

Transcript Highlights:

• And that was for primarily, was that primarily for operations and...
• All of our shelter operators have rules and operating protocols for protecting residents and ensuring
• We're trying to discuss how they are operated.
• We're trying to discuss how they are operated.
• The challenge is operations.

Bills: HB2266 , HB2489

Committee: House Housing

Keywords: housing, supportive housing, transitional housing, emergency shelters, homelessness prevention, public space, local governance, life-sustaining activities, statewide standards, regulation

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, my name is Steve Bogner, VP of Flight Operations for Fortive Corporation.
• The airplane is essential to our operations.
• The airplane is essential to our operations.
• for the operational impacts of policy in Washington state.
• Public investment also ensures we can operate that infrastructure open access.

Summary: The committee first held a public hearing on House Bill 2410, which would establish a commercial truck safety and education council, increase the commercial vehicle safety enforcement fee from $16 to $32, and direct the new revenue to a dedicated account for truck safety and training programs. Committee staff outlined the bill’s CDL and training requirements, council structure, confidentiality provisions, and fiscal impacts. The prime sponsor said the bill was intended to improve truck safety through industry-led education and noted that a substitute was expected because details still needed work. Testimony from the Washington Trucking Associations, insurers, the Association of Washington Business, and the Washington Traffic Safety Commission was generally supportive of the safety goals, though the commission said operational details and agency roles still needed clarification. No vote was taken on the bill during the hearing. The committee then heard House Bill 2347, which would repeal the recently enacted luxury aircraft tax on non-commercial aircraft valued above $500,000. Staff explained that the tax is scheduled to take effect April 1 and that repeal would reduce revenue to the Sustainable Aviation Fuel account. Representative Dent, the sponsor, argued the tax is harming business aviation, emergency services, wildfire response, agricultural operations, and rural access, and said aircraft and related jobs were already leaving the state. Most public testimony came from aviation businesses, airport operators, industry associations, and related employers, all urging repeal and warning of aircraft departures, lost hangar tenants, reduced fuel sales, and job losses. One witness from the Port of Seattle supported addressing the tax’s impact but urged working toward a narrower fix rather than full repeal so sustainable aviation fuel funding would remain stable. After closing the hearing on HB 2347, the committee received a work session on tolling technology. Transportation Commission staff presented the results of a pilot using a smartphone app to support toll collection, explaining that the current tolling system remains accurate but that new technologies could reduce costs and improve flexibility over time. The pilot found high accuracy when the app was paired to a vehicle by Bluetooth, lower accuracy without pairing, strong customer satisfaction, and some privacy concerns. The commission recommended keeping the current system in place for now, conducting a more fully operational smartphone-based pilot in the near term, and eventually developing a broader technology marketplace for future tolling systems. Members asked about the role of tags versus apps, video tolling accuracy, and the timeline for replacing existing tolling methods. The meeting ended with adjournment for caucus.

Transcript Highlights:

• Minnesota only allowed two companies to operate.
• Operators like Vireo can confidently operate their business, hire more Minnesotans, and our state's cannabis
• I also own and operate the Legacy Cup Cannabis Festival.
• In fact, multi-state operators (MSOs) were the only cannabis businesses legally allowed to operate while
• I've actually operated in other states since 2008 as a medical and adult-use operator.

Bills: HF1545 , HF2426 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• We mentioned a little bit about the cost of operators, hiring operators and the shortages.
• the man response operations.
• What we call the CFC RC entered into an inner local operating agreement.
• But the CFC RC is paying for the operations at this time.
• The next milestone is to complete the operational transition.

Transcript Highlights:

• Of operation and 300 million tons in 2020 we had 500 million tons after 37 years of operation and we've
• We do operate very fast. We operate very well. We pride ourselves on our safety Very well.
• That is not how we operate here.
• You know, we are an operation who is positioning ourselves for a long, existing coal operation.
• Operating.

Summary: The committee met at the Coteau Freedom Mine in Mercer County, approved the June 2 minutes, and heard an overview of the mine from Coteau Properties president Andrew Hawbaker. He described the Freedom Mine’s production history, customer mix, safety record, reclamation practices, workforce, community involvement, and economic impact. Members asked about how long land stays in production before reclamation, how quickly it returns to agriculture, labor shortages, groundwater impacts, and which skilled trades are hardest to fill. Hawbaker said the mine typically disturbs land for three to five years, reclamation returns much of the land to agricultural use, and the biggest hiring challenges are electricians, welders, mechanics, operators, engineers, and accountants. The committee then heard from Public Service Commission Chairman Randy Christman on coal mining reclamation. He reviewed the history of North Dakota and federal reclamation laws, the PSC’s permitting and inspection authority, bonding requirements, contemporaneous reclamation standards, and how the state handles topsoil, subsoil, drainage, and revegetation. He emphasized that North Dakota’s program is well regarded, with frequent inspections and no corrective-action issues in recent federal reviews. Christman also discussed problems caused by federal coal ownership that can delay mine plans, and he answered questions about reclamation timing, wildlife easements, wind and pipeline reclamation, and whether similar bonding concepts could apply to data centers. In the afternoon, the committee received an update from Lignite Energy Council President and CEO Jonathan Fortner on the lignite industry. He highlighted the industry’s long-term role in providing reliable electricity, jobs, and tax revenue, along with North Dakota’s low electricity rates and strong grid reliability. Fortner discussed severance and conversion tax revenues, federal regulatory changes, litigation over EPA rules, carbon capture, critical minerals, and the potential for large-load customers such as data centers to support new coal generation. He said the industry sees a window of opportunity for growth and expressed support for new large-load development, while noting that diversified energy companies are also pursuing natural gas and other resources. No formal votes or legislative actions were taken beyond approving the minutes and adjourning for the tour.

Transcript Highlights:

• We'd like to get ready for the send of the bill to Elections Finance and Government Operations Committee
• It's a bill to allow and modify provisions for operating all-terrain vehicles on public roads.
• </c> economies the ability to safely operate economies the ability to safely operate allterrain<00:02
• </c> members from an ATV operational members from an ATV operational perspective<00:07:59.680><c> mindat
• </c><00:09:58.880><c> on</c> reservations with ATVs operating on reservations with ATVs operating on

Transcript Highlights:

• Operators like Viro can confidently operate its business, hire more workers, and our state's cannabis
• </c><01:04:58.559><c> operators</c> medicine will remain viable. operators medicine will remain viable
• 01:05:00.880><c> operate</c><01:05:01.200><c> its</c> like Viro can confidently operate its like Viro
• </c> power to the two multi-state operators power to the two multi-state operators that<01:21:10.800>
• </c> up, which was local Minnesota operators. up, which was local Minnesota operators.

Bills: HF1545 , HF2426 , HF1615 , HF2403

Committee: House Commerce Finance and Policy

Keywords: medical cannabis, cultivation, cannabinoid products, plant canopy, Minnesota statutes, cannabis, hemp, lower-potency, edibles, regulations, licensing, local control, consumer safety, age restrictions, commerce policy, financial institutions, insurance regulation, limited long-term care insurance, Medicare supplement, health insurance

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> operations committee on page 1648. operations committee on page 1648.
• </c> two government operations committees. two government operations committees.
• </c><00:18:28.480><c> Committee,</c> House Government Operations Committee, House Government Operations
• </c><00:19:36.080><c> Committee,</c> Government Operations Committee, Government Operations Committee
• The committee on government operations.

Transcript Highlights:

• I visited 12 different operating companies, almost all the largest operating companies in the state,
• And that is the lateral lengths and the operational efficiencies that operators are gaining.
• And that is the lateral links and the operational efficiencies that operators are gaining.
• What's interesting is that when operators drop rigs, oftentimes another operator picks those rigs up
• When I look at this group of operators, I look at this as a positive blend of a healthy group of operating

Summary: The committee met as the Budget Section’s Regulatory Division and first reviewed base budget materials for the North Dakota Housing Finance Agency and the Department of Mineral Resources. Legislative Council explained the blue-sheet budget summaries and historical funding trends. The Housing Finance Agency then reported on its ongoing homeownership, housing incentive, and homelessness programs, noting that its new FTEs are being filled, loan servicing remains above benchmark, and the agency is operating largely on special and federal funds rather than general fund dollars. Housing Finance officials said the Housing Incentive Fund continues to be heavily oversubscribed, with requests far exceeding available dollars, and described how funds are being used for multifamily gap financing, rural single-family development, community land trusts, and homeless prevention/rapid rehousing. Members asked about performance measures, the number of people served, and the relationship between housing costs, wages, and homelessness. The agency said it uses scoring criteria tied to performance and outcomes, and requested that the Legislature maintain or increase funding for HIF, single-family housing, and homeless grants. Committee members also discussed the need to coordinate housing finance efforts with Commerce and broader site-preparation and workforce issues. The Department of Mineral Resources reported that it is on track with its budget, has filled most of its newly authorized reclamation positions, and is moving ahead on several initiatives, including IT modernization through Project North Star, organizational succession planning, and rulemaking for critical minerals and oil and gas programs. The director gave an extensive update on oil and gas activity, explaining that longer laterals and operational efficiencies are keeping production relatively flat even as rig counts decline, and that gas capture remains around 95 percent. Members asked about oil prices, hedging, spacing units, and the effects of geopolitical events on markets and state revenues. The committee also received an update on the enhanced oil recovery grant program and the Pipeline Authority. The EOR program’s $25 million appropriation was fully allocated to six projects, with additional oil and gas research funds also committed, and officials said the projects will require public status reports and final reports. The Pipeline Authority described major natural gas transmission projects, including the upcoming Bakken Express line and the proposed Bakken East project, which recently completed a binding open season after the Industrial Commission selected WBI Energy’s proposal to move forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Border security operations, providing 39 service members in four aircraft in support of Operation Vigilant
• Operation Lone Star... Operation Lone Star on the southern border and Operation Vigilant Century.
• You've heard a little bit about those operations already.
• Operation Lone Star. and to also obtain their education.
• Operation Lone Star on the southern border and Operation Vigilant Century.

Summary: The Transportation and Economic Development Budget Subcommittee met to organize for the session, take roll, and hear introductory remarks from members and agency heads. Members briefly introduced themselves and their districts, with several noting transportation, economic development, emergency response, military, and hurricane recovery issues in their areas. Chair Shove then outlined the subcommittee’s jurisdiction and current-year budget, noting a total of about $20.3 billion, with most funding coming from trust funds and only a small share from general revenue. The committee also heard that upcoming meetings would include presentations from major agencies in the subcommittee’s purview. The first agency presentation was from the Department of Military Affairs and the Florida National Guard. Major General John Haas described the Guard’s three missions—supporting national security, responding to state emergencies, and adding value to the state—and highlighted deployments for hurricanes, border security support, and ongoing support to the Department of Corrections. He emphasized that the Guard is understrength relative to Florida’s size and demand, said recruiting is strong, and identified force structure growth as the main challenge. Members asked about aircraft, funding sources, and recruiting; Haas explained the Guard’s helicopter and fixed-wing fleet, said aircraft purchases are funded through legislative appropriations, and reported strong interest in the Florida State Guard’s recruiting pipeline. Executive Director Mark Thieme then described the Florida State Guard’s expansion into air, ground, and maritime capabilities, including Black Hawks, boats, drones, canine search-and-rescue teams, and ground support units. He said the agency supported immigration enforcement and hurricane response, and asked for continued legislative support to expand aviation, maritime, and medical capabilities. Members praised the Guard’s disaster response work and asked about aircraft, funding, and staffing. Secretary Cord Byrd of the Department of State followed, focusing on election administration, election security, the SunBiz and voter registration IT systems, arts and culture, corporations, libraries, and historical resources. He said Florida’s election system remains a national model, reported two prosecutions for non-citizen voting, and discussed modernization needs for legacy IT systems. The committee also asked about voter lookup tools, password privacy for SunBiz, and arts funding vetoes. Secretary Alex Kelly of the Department of Commerce described the agency’s broad portfolio, including workforce, economic, community, and international commerce functions, plus housing recovery, broadband, small business support, rural infrastructure, defense-community grants, and law enforcement recruitment bonuses. He said access to capital is the biggest barrier for small businesses and noted ongoing work with CareerSource, the Department of Corrections, and other partners on workforce and reentry. Secretary Jared Perdue of the Department of Transportation then outlined FDOT’s record budget and five-year work program, emphasizing emergency response, preservation and maintenance, safety, and major investments in roads, ports, airports, transit, and spaceport infrastructure. He said the department has removed millions of cubic yards of storm debris, is ahead of schedule on the Moving Florida Forward initiative, and faces a large unfunded project backlog. Members asked about supply chain issues, project priorities, and workforce needs, and Perdue said FDOT is open to collaboration on recruitment and retention.

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently, there are no county ferry districts in operation.
• Currently, there are no county ferry districts in operation.
• Most of our vessels have been built for out-of-state operators.
• Ferries can operate out of existing recreational marinas.
• Kingston service operated by Kitsap Transit is doing that right now.

Summary: The committee first held an executive session on several transportation measures heard earlier in the session, including bills on rounding cash transactions to eliminate pennies, vehicle title transfers to insurers, a memorial bridge naming, BAT lane access for private employer transportation services, oil tanker escort requirements, Traffic Safety Commission authority, fifth-wheel trailer length, electric vehicle sales and funding, and vehicle loads on public highways. Most of the measures were advanced with due pass recommendations to the Rules Committee, and the committee adopted amendments on the penny-rounding bill, the EV funding bill, and the vehicle-loads bill. Members noted some opposition or reservations on a few items, including the penny-rounding proposal and the vehicle-loads amendment, but the motions carried. The committee then returned to public hearing on several bills. Substitute House Bill 2323 would create a blue envelope program for neurodiverse drivers to help communicate with law enforcement during traffic stops; the Department of Licensing and State Patrol fiscal notes were described, and the bill drew strong support in signed-in testimony. Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2588 would expand county ferry district authority to include vehicle ferries and require voter approval for new taxes after the effective date; testimony was mixed, with Whatcom County officials and ferry users supporting the bill as a funding tool, while one opponent criticized the tax and timing provisions. The committee also heard public testimony on Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2172, which would change the route jurisdiction transfer and abandonment process for state highways by requiring agreements or legislative review for longer abandonments or bridge transfers; cities, counties, the Transportation Commission, and the TIB supported the bill as a more transparent process. Additional public hearings covered Substitute House Bill 2203, creating reckless interference with emergency operations for drivers who bypass emergency road closures; a defense-lawyer witness opposed the mandatory license suspension, while the sponsor described the bill as a response to flood and fire rescues. Substitute House Bill 2410 would create a Commercial Truck Safety and Education Council and raise the commercial vehicle safety enforcement fee from $16 to $32 per vehicle; the trucking industry and business groups supported it as a safety and training investment. The committee also heard a staff briefing and sponsor testimony on Second Substitute House Bill 1923, the Mosquito Fleet Act, which would expand passenger-only ferry district options and was presented as a local tool to improve ferry access and relieve Washington State Ferries congestion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Operators within the Children's Health Protection Zone must suspend operation if a leak is detected and
• Operations in the infection zone, 7 suspension of operations, 8 water quality sampling and testing.
• There are 52 different operators. Some operators, Mr.
• Those operators that you're talking about, one operator has One operator has one well, and that one well
• We're not saying those operators cannot continue operating. Those eight wells.

Committee: House House Energy, Environment & Natural Resources