Transcript Highlights:

• SB 1174 moves backward by creating a preference.
• SB 1174 moves backward by creating a preference.
• But it's how bid preference.
• But it's a bid preference.
• You're getting a bid preference. You're getting a 5% reduction.

Committee: House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:20:32.000><c> or</c> two on page okay a qualifying patient or two on page okay a qualifying patient
• </c><00:21:00.799><c> So</c> patient who is allowed to cultivate.
• So patient who is allowed to cultivate.
• </c><00:22:53.360><c> or</c> 126x3 part 7B a qualifying patient or 126x3 part 7B a qualifying patient
• </c><00:23:50.559><c> or</c> location, the qualifying ing patient or location, the qualifying ing patient

Committee: Senate Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:

• All the new tax preferences created in the bill are exempt from the automatic 10-year expiration date
• I've also cared for patients whose blood pressure went unmanaged for too long, ultimately leading to
• Again and again, I watch patients struggle not with medical advice, but with affordability itself.
• This allows us to address the conditions that shape health before patients reach exam rooms or emergency
• Patient co-pays have gone. federal cuts to Medicaid and health care coming our way.

Committee: House Finance

Transcript Highlights:

• Sherry Martinez, just a patient in support. Thank you.
• Sherry Martinez, just a patient in support. Thank you.
• This approach sadly misses opportunities to prevent patient harm.
• This can result in preventable impairment that risks patient harm.
• That's the kind of patient harm that we don't want to happen again.

Summary: The committee heard a long agenda of bills, with most measures drawing support from industry, professional, local government, and advocacy witnesses, and several receiving committee amendments before moving forward. AB 8 on hemp and cannabis drew the most extensive debate: supporters said it would close loopholes around intoxicating hemp products, strengthen enforcement, and bring THC products into the regulated cannabis supply chain; opponents, including small cannabis farmers and environmental groups, warned it could undermine Proposition 64’s closed-loop system, harm California cultivators, and reduce tax revenues for youth, environmental, and law enforcement programs. The author said the bill was intended to protect consumers and children and to work further with stakeholders. AB 476 on copper theft was presented as a public safety and infrastructure bill to tighten reporting, documentation, and penalties for scrap metal theft; supporters from cities, utilities, broadband, and recycling-related groups described major losses and outages from copper theft, and the remaining opposition moved to neutral after amendments, with the bill advancing with committee support. The committee also heard AB 985, which would allow nationally certified anesthesiologist assistants to practice under direct supervision of licensed anesthesiologists to address anesthesia workforce shortages. Supporters, including the California Society of Anesthesiologists, medical groups, students, and patients, said it would expand access and bring California in line with other states; nurse anesthesiology groups expressed concerns and sought further clarification, but there was no formal opposition at the hearing. AB 506, aimed at online pet sales, would void contracts that fail to disclose an animal’s origin or veterinary records or that require non-refundable deposits; animal welfare groups said it would curb puppy mill pipelines and deceptive online sales, and there was no opposition. AB 876, on certified registered nurse anesthetists, generated the sharpest health care policy dispute: supporters said it would codify existing practice and clarify CRNA duties, while physicians and medical associations argued it would expand scope too far and reduce patient safety. After a roll call, AB 876 passed the committee 9-0, as amended, to Appropriations. Other bills advanced with broad support after amendments. AB 432, the Menopause Equity Act, would require continuing medical education on menopause-related care for certain physicians; the author and medical experts said the bill addresses widespread gaps in menopause treatment and research, while CMA and ACOG opposed the mandate as an inappropriate CME requirement, though they agreed the underlying problem is real. The bill passed on call, as amended, to Health. AB 759 would allow eligible architectural candidates to use the title “architect in training” to encourage completion of licensure and improve diversity in the profession; it passed unanimously, as amended, to Appropriations. AB 967 would create an optional expedited licensure fee for out-of-state physicians to reduce delays in bringing doctors into California’s workforce; supporters said it would help address shortages and improve patient access, and the bill was presented with support from medical stakeholders.

Transcript Highlights:

• Reagan now works in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Ascension Saint John in Tulsa, caring for patients
• President, House Bill 1687 creates a Uniform Healthcare Decisions Act which expands the choices for patients
• on how they communicate preferences for care and improved clarity and accessibility for medical decision
• President, House Bill 1687 creates a Uniform Healthcare Decisions Act which expands the choices for patients
• There is no preferring one student over The other all eligible students will receive access to needed

Bills: SR44 , HCR1027 , SJR50 , SJR52 , SJR53 , HB1185 , HB1937 , HB2035 , HB2137 , HB2166 , HB3148 , HB3323 , HB3466 , HB3498 , HB3661 , HB3678 , HB3710 , HB3977 , HB3986 , HB4104 , HB4108 , HB4142 , HB4191 , HB4274 , HB4275 , HB4322 , HB4336 , HB4484 , HB3880 , HB1687 , HB3673 , HB1170 , HB2959 , HB3718 , HB3021 , HB3443 , HB3501 , HB4143 , HB4326 , HB2992 , HB3660 , SB171 , SB1325 , SB1980 , SB2045 , HB4422 , HB4423

Transcript Highlights:

• You're allowing customers or patients into your home, but you don't want an inspector to come in and
• And is there anything kind of like a patient care fund?
• We'd prefer it. It's not a substitute, so we would...
• We'd prefer it. It's not a substitute, so we would And then we can do the amendment.
• We'd prefer it. It's not a substitute, so it would place. Thank you, Madam Chair.

Bills: SB246 , SB146 , SB300 , SB301 , SB309 , SM17

Committee: Senate Senate Health & Public Affairs

Transcript Highlights:

• We are waiting for you patiently here. I've got one shoulder. He asked. Did you do it? Yeah.
• We prefer it.
• We prefer it.
• Thank you all for being patient with us. Of course. Good afternoon, Chair.
• That being said, I do also prefer nature-based solutions.

Committee: House Natural Resources

Summary: The committee first heard SB 14, which would direct state agencies to reduce single-use plastics and improve recycling and composting practices in state facilities. The author described the bill as a way for California to lead on waste reduction, with goals such as more reusable foodware, less paper purchasing, better employee education on sorting waste, and stronger recycled-content requirements for state purchases of plastic bottles. Support came from composting and waste-management representatives, while manufacturers and bottled-water interests removed their opposition after amendments narrowed the bill; the measure received a due pass recommendation to Governmental Organization on a unanimous roll call of members voting. The committee then took up SB 326, a wildfire-risk bill that would create a framework for Cal Fire to evaluate wildfire mitigation investments and accelerate implementation of Zone Zero building standards in very high fire hazard areas. The author and a Stanford wildfire policy expert argued the bill would help prioritize the most effective fuels-management and defensible-space actions, while local government and insurance representatives voiced support. With no opposition, the bill was passed as amended to Appropriations on a unanimous vote. Next, the committee considered SB 34, dealing with the South Coast Air Quality Management District and the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. The author said the bill was narrowed by amendments to preserve port competitiveness while requiring the district to account for factors outside the ports’ control, avoid cargo-throughput caps, and focus on stakeholder collaboration and electrification planning. Supporters included labor, business, and port-related groups, while environmental organizations, community advocates, and the AQMD opposed it, arguing it would weaken local air-quality efforts and set a bad precedent. After extensive debate over precedent, automation, cargo limits, and federal preemption, the bill passed as amended to Transportation on a roll call with some members voting no and others not voting. The committee also heard SB 279, which would expand composting flexibility for agricultural operations and small community composters. The author and supporters said the bill would help farmers manage orchard and vineyard removals after the agricultural burning ban, increase local composting capacity, and keep more organic material out of landfills. Commercial composting interests opposed the measure, warning it could create permitting inequities, undercut existing facilities, and allow too much food waste at small sites. Despite those concerns, the bill passed to Appropriations on a roll call vote. The transcript ended as the committee began discussion of SB 613 on upstream methane emissions and data collection for imported oil and gas, with the author noting there was no opposition to that bill.

Transcript Highlights:

• Too often patients encounter a health care system that is disjointed and is a dysfunctional maze.
• Whether patients who are on Medicare fee-for-service, on traditional Medicare?
• We need to listen to what people want; they would prefer to be on private insurance.
• short of the 5,000 patients that ACOs need. short of the 5,000 patients that ACOs need.
• We talked about the challenges that health care providers and patients are facing.

Committee: Senate Finance Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><01:08:58.880><c> a</c><01:08:59.120><c> patient</c><01:08:59.600><c> taking</c> treatment for patient
• a patient taking treatment for patient a patient taking antiscychotic<01:09:00.960><c> medications.
• of Regulatory Agencies to promote podiatrists to develop a written plan to ensure the security of patient
• I would prefer it not come back because we'll see what happens.
• I would prefer it not come back back.

Transcript Highlights:

• ...interventions in the general care of our patients.
• These solutions are used to treat hospitalized patients, including premature babies, patients receiving
• cancer treatment, or resuscitating trauma patients.
• Patients and providers are often unaware of the chemicals in the very treatments intended to help patients
• While reaching patients who otherwise go without.

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Public Health

Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Health held a lengthy hearing to take testimony on a wide range of bills related to environmental health, PFAS, medical device chemicals, food access, lead poisoning, air quality, oral health, and school food additives. Chair Driscoll and Chair Decker emphasized that the hearing was for testimony only, no decisions would be made that day, and that written testimony could still be submitted. They also noted the high volume of speakers and asked witnesses to keep remarks brief. A major portion of the hearing focused on PFAS-related legislation, including bills to restrict PFAS in products and food packaging and to create a PFAS remediation trust fund. Municipal officials and advocates described the high costs of PFAS cleanup, especially for drinking water systems, citing Easton’s multimillion-dollar treatment investments and rate increases. Testimony from legislators and advocates argued that Massachusetts should act despite federal uncertainty, and that the state should stop PFAS at the source rather than leaving municipalities and residents to pay for remediation. The committee also heard strong support for a bill banning DEHP in medical devices, with physicians, nurses, and a bill sponsor saying the chemical can leach from IV bags and tubing and that safer alternatives already exist. The committee also heard testimony on bills to establish statewide food truck permitting, with food truck owners and a senator describing the current system as costly, duplicative, and inconsistent across municipalities. Another set of witnesses supported the “Bean New Deal,” which would expand plant-based food options in public institutions, senior nutrition programs, and WIC, citing health, equity, and cost savings. On lead poisoning, housing advocates and a representative backed bills to expand lead-safe housing requirements to all rental units, arguing the current law contributes to discrimination against families with children and leaves too much pre-1978 housing uncertified. The committee also heard support for an outdoor air pollution bill that would create an advisory committee, identify pollution hotspots, expand monitoring, and set reduction targets, with testimony from environmental justice groups, pediatricians, and legislators describing disproportionate asthma and other health harms in overburdened communities. Later testimony addressed oral health bills to create dental therapists and allow dental hygienists to administer nitrous oxide, with supporters saying the measures would expand access, reduce costs, and help underserved patients. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to prohibit harmful food dyes in competitive school foods, with parents describing behavioral and health concerns tied to synthetic dyes. No votes or formal actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Health care is interesting when it comes to mandatory reporting because we can't just leave our patients
• we were able to do is come to consensus on a bill that works for everybody while protecting our patients
• The original bill we heard in committee, I think, has extreme potential patient safety hazards.
• The original bill we heard in committee, I think, has extreme potential patient safety hazards in the
• I think there's patient safety problems there, and I do not like the amendment that we're making state

Summary: The House convened, opened with prayer and the Pledge, approved the journal, and welcomed several guests in the gallery, including a high school student and an advocate connected to the domestic violence bill HB 2995. The chamber then moved through multiple Committee of the Whole calendars, first advancing HB 4155, HB 4156, and HB 4157, then HB 4164, HB 4165, and HB 4166, all with do-pass recommendations and no substantive amendments on those calendars. Later, the House also considered SB 1326, a victims’ rights measure, adopted a floor amendment, and reported it out as amended. The House corrected an earlier clerical error regarding HB 4155-4157 being referred to engrossing rather than third reading. The House then took up a long series of final passage votes on Senate bills. SB 2174, SB 2611, SB 1011, SB 1012, SB 1016, SB 1018, SB 1038, SB 1039, SB 1040, SB 1053, SB 1055, SB 1057, SB 1060, SB 1061, SB 1068, SB 1069, SB 1075, SB 1100, SB 1113 on reconsideration, SB 1160, and SB 1170 all passed. SB 2873, SB 1004, SB 1009, SB 1042, SB 1043, SB 1049, SB 1093, and SB 1143 failed. SB 2995, the emergency family-law/domestic-violence bill known as the Alec and Lydia Act, passed with the required two-thirds vote after extensive debate; supporters said it would better protect children and clarify judicial standards, while opponents argued its definitions were overly broad and could harm families. SB 1018 on foreign laws also drew extended debate over Sharia law, with supporters framing it as a defense of American values and opponents calling it unnecessary and discriminatory. Several votes included explanations focused on policy concerns. SB 1004 on sex-offender registration and monitoring drew debate over whether electronic monitoring is effective. SB 1040 on voter registration transparency prompted arguments over public access to voter rolls versus privacy and security. SB 1118 on municipal zoning and historical homes was debated as a property-rights and local-control issue, with supporters saying it could help preserve affordable housing and opponents warning it would override local decisions. The House also adopted motions to reconsider prior actions on SB 1043 and SB 1100, and it requested the Senate return SB 1552 for reconsideration. The session ended with the House still processing additional Committee of the Whole business, including HB 4158, HB 4159, HB 4160, HB 4161, HB 4162, and HB 4163, with HB 4162 and HB 4163 receiving floor amendments and do-pass recommendations.

Transcript Highlights:

• I prefer to call it WUCIOA just because it's funnier.
• , diabetes, or large open wounds to city sidewalks because I have to prioritize even sicker patients
• Not only is this inhumane, it's also wasteful, as these patients cycle right back through our medical
• The passage of House Bill 2266 increases the likelihood that our patients could reliably discharge to
• I wish I had the opportunity to share patient cases and pictures so that you could better appreciate

Bills: HB2304 , SGA9280 , SGA9281

Committee: Senate Housing

Keywords: condominium, housing, warranty, property rights, construction

Transcript Highlights:

• I prefer to call it Wakayawa just because it's funnier.
• , diabetes, or large open wounds to city sidewalks because I have to prioritize even sicker patients
• Not only is this inhumane, it's also wasteful, as these patients cycle right back through our medical
• The passage of House Bill 2266 increases the likelihood that our patients could reliably discharge to
• I wish I had the opportunity to share patient cases and pictures so that you could better appreciate

Summary: The Senate Housing Committee held public hearings on four bills and then took executive action on several measures and two gubernatorial appointments. At the start, the committee waived the five-day notice rule for Substitute House Bill 2354, Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2266, and Second Substitute House Bill 2590. The committee also heard public testimony on House Bill 1859, which would expand affordable housing on property owned by religious organizations by lowering the affordability threshold needed to qualify for a density bonus. Supporters, including the sponsor, faith leaders, and local officials, said the current 100% affordability requirement has made projects difficult to finance and that the bill would better unlock underused church land for housing. The committee then heard Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2266, which would further standardize where and how permanent supportive housing, transitional housing, indoor emergency housing, and shelters can be sited, while limiting local barriers and allowing some negotiated conditions near schools or when local governments provide significant support. The sponsor and supporters from King County, housing providers, the Attorney General’s office, disability advocates, medical professionals, and others argued the bill would reduce discriminatory or inconsistent local siting rules and expand needed housing. Some local government representatives supported the bill but asked for additional amendments to preserve local flexibility, require on-site contacts, and clarify how operating conditions and funding agreements would work. The committee also heard House Bill 2590, which would revise rules for limited equity cooperatives so they can better function as a long-term affordable homeownership model and remain exempt from certain Washington Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act requirements. Supporters said the bill would help preserve manufactured housing communities and other cooperative housing while maintaining affordability and oversight. House Bill 2354, a trailer bill to WACOIA, would make technical changes affecting common interest communities, including EV charging and heat pump cost responsibility, reserve studies, and audit thresholds; the Washington State Community Association’s Institute testified in support. In executive session, the committee confirmed gubernatorial appointments Aaron T. McGrath and Ann T. Malone and voted do-pass recommendations for EHB 1687, SHB 2269, and HB 2304, all subject to signatures.

Transcript Highlights:

• No, these are medical patients. This is state-sanctioned.
• The same equity we'd give William Dale Clark: anybody else, any patient with prescribed drugs from their
• Jodi James: Are you treating me as a patient who is legally using medical marijuana the same way that
• That's my primary care physician because there is no box to say that I'm a medical marijuana patient.
• Thank you for waiting patiently. Chair: And you're recognized and the floor is yours.

Transcript Highlights:

• And it's not due to the lack of patient encounters.
• In fact, those hospitals are seeing an increase, Claudia, in patient encounters.
• Currently, Texas ranks number 47 in the nation for physician-to-patient ratios.
• metropolitan areas where they have a single health hospital, university health center, where the patient
• For the Health Sciences Center, where you have protected patient information, we get between four and

Bills: HB42 , HB 125 , HB 1233 , HB2853 , HB3148 , HB3326 , HB3701 , HB4066 , HB4361 , HB4762 , HB4909 , HB4912 , HB42 , HB125

Committee: House Higher Education

Summary: The Committee on Higher Education met to hear several bills and first corrected the minutes from its April 1, 2025 meeting to reflect that a committee substitute for HB 271 had been adopted before the bill was reported favorably. The committee then heard HB 3326, which would help Texas higher education employees, especially adjunct faculty, qualify for federal Public Service Loan Forgiveness by counting classroom hours toward full-time status, requiring institutions to verify employment within 60 days, and requiring annual notice to eligible employees. No witnesses testified against the bill, and it was left pending. Members then heard HB 2853, authorizing UTEP to phase in a student union fee increase to fund demolition and reconstruction of its aging student union. Representative Perez and UTEP student and university witnesses said the current facility is outdated and insufficient for a campus of more than 25,000 students, while some members raised concerns about the size of the fee increase and its impact on low-income students. UTEP representatives said most students receive aid, the fee would be phased in over time, and the project was student-approved; the bill was left pending. The committee also heard HB 4066, a one-line bill to abolish the Texas Research Incentive Program after the state cleared its backlog of matching obligations, with the author saying the program was no longer needed in light of newer research funding approaches. The bill was left pending. The committee spent substantial time on HB 125, which would create the Tarleton State University College of Osteopathic Medicine. Supporters, including Tarleton leadership, the founding dean, a rural hospital CEO, and a feasibility consultant, argued the school would address severe rural physician shortages by recruiting Texas and rural students, training them in rural settings, and developing new residency slots rather than competing for existing ones. Members asked about affordability, residency placement, and whether the school would draw students from rural Texas; Tarleton said it would seek to keep tuition and debt low, had already raised private donations, and would request $25 million in state support over the biennium. The bill was left pending. Finally, the committee heard HB 42, which would increase the annual Higher Education Fund appropriation and adjust its allocation methodology. The chair and university witnesses described rising deferred maintenance, inflation, cybersecurity needs, and enrollment growth at HEAF-eligible institutions, with witnesses from Texas Tech, Sam Houston State, and UNT saying the additional funding would help address aging facilities and technology needs. After testimony, the committee left HB 42 pending and recessed.

Transcript Highlights:

• services without requiring formal entry into the child welfare dependency system. 44% of the EU preferred
• requirements in those facilities such as affiliated physicians and nurses on staff with certain staff, patient
• nurse, patient ratio or CNA J, J Ratio and those particular situations.
• are you using as the, you know, the foundation to say, okay, this facility can handle this type of patient

Transcript Highlights:

• Obviously, they're children's hospitals, and Medicare pays for a lot of those patients.
• Obviously, they're children's hospitals, and Medicare pays for a lot of those patients.
• </c> for a lot of of those patients. for a lot of of those patients.
• </c> Over personal whims and preferences.
• Insurance data reveals one in 10 patients experience a serious adverse event.

Transcript Highlights:

• Arrington: IN THE APPLICATION OR IMPLEMENT FORM INCLUDED PREFER NOT TO ANSWER OPTION? >> Sen.
• Arrington: HOW EXACTLY WOULD SOMEONE WHO WAS AN EMPLOYEE REQUIRE AN EMPLOYER TO USE THE PREFERRED PRONOUN
• PROUD TRANS MAN AND BECAUSE OF THE PROTECTIONS AFFORDED ME I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO FOCUS ON LEARNING IN PATIENTS
• MANDY MY PRONOUNS ARE THEY THEM AND I AM WITH VOICES OF FLORIDA I POSE THE RIGHT BY PROVIDING ESA PREFERRED
• I FEEL ABOUT THE BILL ONE OF THE SPEAKERS WHO SPOKE SAID WHAT IS IT HURTING ANYONE TO USE THEIR PREFERRED

Transcript Highlights:

• And then it also is a good benefit to draw patients into the hospital so the residents have the patients
• That unit is focused on the patient licensing, patient education, and outreach, collaboration with medical
• Same for patient licenses, we are at about a four-day turnaround on patient license processing right
• But first patients, we're planning on taking 18 patients in December and then phasing in another 18 beds
• So, this is getting those patients who have been patients of Children's Hospital and will remain patients

Committee: House A&B Health Subcommittee

Transcript Highlights:

• Patients have rights.
• You have a cooperative patient.
• to a patient.
• treating this patient.
• Patients deserve other alternatives. Patients deserve other alternatives. Cancer kills.

Bills: HB5141 , HB4638 , HB2264 , HB2035 , HB4813 , HB4408 , HB2684 , HB1621 , HB2300 , HB216 , HB3829 , HB4466 , HB1747 , HB2284 , HB3614 , HB2587 , HB3219 , HB3318 , HB5147 , HB4014 , HB216

Committee: House Public Health

Summary: The Committee on Public Health met with a quorum and heard public testimony on a long agenda, with members repeatedly reminded of a two-minute limit for witnesses. Several bills were voted out favorably, including HB 2588 on cottage food, HB 1639 on cancer incidence and female firefighters, HB 2581 on a reporting form for contracted services for pregnant women, and SB 922 on electronic disclosure of certain sensitive medical information. Those measures generally passed on party-line or near-unanimous votes, while HB 216 on itemized medical statements was left pending after the committee substitute was withdrawn. The committee also left pending HB 5141, HB 4638, HB 2035, HB 4813, HB 2264, HB 4014, and HB 3829 after hearing testimony and questions. The final item introduced in the excerpt was HB 4408 on health care market transparency and corporate consolidation, but the discussion was cut off before testimony or action was completed. A major theme of the hearing was mental health diversion and access to treatment. HB 5141, by Rep. Howard, would allow Travis County to use vacated Austin State Hospital property for a local mental health jail diversion center; law enforcement, the Travis County sheriff, county judge, and urban counties group all testified in support, describing the lack of alternatives for people in crisis and the burden on jails and emergency rooms. Members asked about eligible offenses, bed capacity, and whether the facility would serve only Travis County, and the bill was left pending. HB 2264, by Rep. Schoolcraft, would create a friends-and-family form for loved ones to provide information to providers during emergency mental health treatment; NAMI and hospital groups supported it, while one neutral witness and several members raised concerns about patient control, credibility of information, and liability protections. The bill was also left pending. The committee also heard multiple psychedelic-therapy and drug-policy bills. HB 4813 would speed Texas rescheduling of Schedule I substances if the FDA reclassifies them, with testimony focused on psilocybin and MDMA and their potential use for PTSD and depression; members questioned whether the bill was too broad and how state rescheduling works, and it was left pending. HB 4014 would direct HHSC to study psychedelic therapies, building on prior state research, and witnesses said Texas should prepare regulatory and clinical infrastructure before FDA approval; it too was left pending. HB 2035 would require parents to be informed that they may seek substance-use treatment for a child even if one facility turns them away, prompted by a constituent’s account of a fatal fentanyl overdose after receiving incorrect advice; it was left pending. HB 4638 would extend and expand the Texas Pharmaceutical Initiative board and timeline, with the author saying the program is still in early implementation and needs more time, and it was left pending as well. Other bills addressed public health administration and animal welfare. HB 3829 would require a study of the animal-friendly account and its grant process for spay/neuter funding, with the author arguing that the current application and reimbursement process is too burdensome for shelters and nonprofits; no opposition was heard and the bill was left pending. HB 2581 and HB 1639 were reported favorably, while HB 216 drew discussion about enforcement of itemized medical billing and was held after the committee substitute was withdrawn. Throughout the hearing, members also discussed broader concerns about homelessness, competency restoration waitlists, jail overcrowding, and the need for more treatment options outside the criminal justice system.