Video & Transcript Research : 'engineering'

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CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Do a look for price-fixing algorithms on an internet search engine, and you will find evidence of price-fixing
  • Patrick Boyleau, on behalf of Operating Engineers Local 3, strong support. Thank you.
  • Madam Chair, members of the committee, Rob Carey, with the Operating Engineers, Director of Safety, in
  • I'm Chair, members of the committee, Rob Carey with the Operating Engineers, Director of Safety, in strong
  • John Moffin on behalf of the American Council of Engineering Companies in support. Thank you.
Summary: The committee heard several bills and took up multiple votes. AB 576, dealing with updates to California’s charitable fundraising platform registry after AB 488, was presented as a technical fix to help charities and platforms more quickly update eligible listings; there was no opposition testimony, and the measure was later moved on a due pass basis. AB 1160, on law enforcement drone programs, was presented with proposed amendments requiring U.S.-based data storage and limits on sharing or selling collected data; supporters said it would protect sensitive drone-collected information while preserving affordable drone use, while there was no opposition testimony, and it was also later passed out on a due pass as amended basis. AB 75, which would require insurers to give notice before collecting aerial images of homes and provide homeowners access to those images, drew support from the Department of Insurance and consumer advocates, while insurers opposed it unless amended, arguing aerial imaging is a cost-saving inspection tool and that the bill could worsen availability and affordability; the bill was moved to Appropriations on a due pass basis, with the roll held open for absent members. The committee spent the most time on AB 325, which would address algorithmic price-fixing and collusion. The author and supporters argued that competitors using the same pricing software or algorithm to set prices can function as collusion even when the agreement is hidden behind code, and cited examples involving housing, frozen potatoes, gas pricing, and other industries. Opponents, including apartment, business, hospital, retail, chamber, and tech groups, said the bill was too broad, could sweep in lawful software and public-data market research, and might chill legitimate pricing tools, especially for small businesses and housing providers. Committee members raised concerns about clarity, intent standards, and whether the bill should focus more narrowly on nonpublic competitor data; despite those concerns, AB 325 was moved to Appropriations on a due pass basis, with the roll held open. Later, AB 1221 was presented as a workplace surveillance bill that would prohibit certain invasive or discriminatory surveillance tools, require notice to workers, limit sharing of worker data, and require corroborating evidence before discipline based on surveillance outputs. Labor and consumer groups supported the bill, saying modern surveillance technologies can track speech, movement, emotion, and other sensitive traits and can be biased or abusive. The Security Industry Association opposed it, warning that the bill’s broad definitions could restrict legitimate security systems, emergency sharing with first responders, and employer responses to misconduct or unsafe behavior. The transcript cuts off before any final vote on AB 1221 is shown.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Joining me is John Kapler, our senior public works engineer whose specialty is water quality.
  • Geothermal development offers not only a path to job creation in engineering, construction, and plant
  • These products are often filled with harmful additives and specifically engineered to interfere with
  • These products are often filled with harmful additives and specifically engineered to interfere with
  • These industrially engineered foods are not simply delicious.
Summary: The committee heard a series of environmental safety and toxic materials measures, with several bills moving forward on unanimous or near-unanimous votes to Appropriations. Early in the meeting, the consent calendar was approved, including AB 372, AB 455, AB 1096, AB 1102, and AB 754. AB 362 by Assembly Member Ramos, which would recognize tribal beneficial uses of water and strengthen consultation and protection for tribal water uses, drew strong support from tribes and environmental groups. Water agencies and local government representatives opposed unless amended, raising concerns about CEQA requirements, co-management language, and conflicts with existing water law. The bill advanced to Appropriations, with some members voting aye and others not voting or absent. AB 728 by Assembly Member Lee would require age verification for the sale of certain anti-aging skin care products to minors. The author and a youth witness described social media-driven use of adult skin products by children and alleged skin damage, while supporters argued age checks are a reasonable consumer protection. Dermatologists and retailers opposed the bill, saying it could restrict legitimate acne and other medical uses of over-the-counter products, create compliance problems, and lacked a clear scientific basis. The committee discussed possible ambiguity in the bill’s definition of anti-aging products, but the measure still passed to Appropriations. AB 532 on low-income water rate assistance, AB 773 on copper-based anti-fouling paint, AB 998 on household hazardous waste disposal of vape pens, AB 1031 on geothermal hazardous waste fees, and AB 864 on solar panel hazardous waste and recycling all received strong support and advanced to Appropriations. Supporters for AB 532 emphasized water affordability and local program authority; AB 773 supporters said conflicting state water and pesticide rules are creating confusion for harbors and cities; AB 998 was presented as a practical way to let schools and local facilities dispose of confiscated vape devices safely; AB 1031 was framed as reducing DTSC fee burdens on geothermal development in Imperial County; and AB 864 would ease recycling and reuse of end-of-life solar panels. The committee also began hearing AB 1264 on ultra-processed foods in school meals, with the author and supporters arguing it would phase out the most harmful ultra-processed foods from school meals by 2032, but the transcript cuts off before the full discussion and any action on that bill.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Ways and Means Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am

Joint Committee on Ways and Means

Transcript Highlights:
  • Army Corps of Engineers funding. In addition, MassDOT and the U.S.
  • But I also know that rail has happened at Buzzard's Bay; we just need an engine.
  • I think we need to get that engine going.
  • We have staff that are literally, their title is snow and ice engineer.
  • I will have to check with our engineering and environmental team so we could discuss it offline.
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Ways and Means held a hearing at UMass Amherst on Governor Healey’s fiscal year 2027 budget, focusing on energy/environment-related transportation issues and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation. The chairs and members opened with thanks to UMass, university leadership, court officers, and legislative staff, and Chancellor Javier Reyes highlighted UMass Amherst’s research, workforce, sustainability, and transportation contributions, including energy research, transit operations, and partnerships with MassDOT. The hearing then moved to MassDOT and MBTA testimony on the administration’s transportation funding package, including House 2, the FY26 Fair Share supplemental, and a proposed four-year Chapter 90 authorization. MassDOT officials described the budget as part of a broader multi-year transportation investment strategy, citing funding for operations, snow and ice removal, regional transit authorities, the MBTA, the Merit Rating Board, sustainable aviation fuel credits, micro-transit and last-mile grants, unpaved road improvements, bridge and pavement work, and housing-related transportation infrastructure. They emphasized workforce expansion, capital delivery capacity, safety improvements, and local aid, including the new lane-mile-based Chapter 90 formula intended to benefit rural communities. Officials also discussed major projects and programs such as Grant Central, culvert and unpaved road grants, work zone speed cameras, congestion hotspot fixes, the Sagamore and Bourne Bridge projects, and MBTA operating support and safety upgrades. Testimony from the MBTA and rail/transit staff focused on improved ridership, service frequency, accessibility, and safety, including progress on the Green Line Train Protection System, reduced delays, expanded bus and commuter rail service, and the South Coast rail extension. Regional transit authorities reported increased ridership and described new fare-free, connectivity, and community transit grants. Aeronautics testimony covered airport capital work, drone and data programs, sustainable aviation fuel efforts, and workforce development in aviation maintenance. Committee members then asked questions, especially about Western Massachusetts priorities, Chapter 90 funding, bridge repairs, snow and ice costs, Cape Cod bridges, Buzzard’s Bay rail, and Compass Rail/West-East Rail. Officials said several federal rail grants were moving forward, that Sagamore Bridge procurement would begin soon, and that the administration remained committed to pursuing federal funding and multi-year transportation investments.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Floor Session-Day 9, February 19, 2026-AM

Wyoming Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • , our right, I guess, is a great group of people that really make the state of Wyoming's economic engine
  • So if you need a loan, you know where to go. economic engine go and and really hum economic engine go
  • Um, Senate File 50, State Engineer<01:24:50.000> Surface<01:24:50.320> and<01:24:50.560
  • Engineer Surface and Groundwater Study. Engineer Surface and Groundwater Study.
  • <01:28:54.960> Groundwater State Engineer Surface and Groundwater State Engineer Surface and
Keywords: 916, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Capital Investment Committee 4/1/25

Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:
  • So we have an engineering plan and specification design is complete.
  • 26:53.200> county Sterns County, including our county Sterns County, including our county engineer
  • Chad Milner, engineering director, City of Edina.
  • Chad Milner,<01:23:45.760> engineering<01:23:46.159> director,<01:23:46.560> city
  • ><01:23:46.719> of Milner, engineering director, city of Milner, engineering director, city of
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

Senate Session (05/07/2026)

New Hampshire Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Engineering is one of them. There is not room for additional courses.
  • who designed the bridge you're driving across take another engineering course or a course in civics?
  • who designed the bridge you're driving across take another engineering course or a course in civics?
  • who designed the bridge you're driving across take another engineering course or a course in civics?
  • Across take another engineering course or a course in civics?
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
NH
Transcript Highlights:
  • I'm here as a resident, but also because I belong to an engineering industry association.
  • I am a mechanical engineer, undergraduate University of New Hampshire, graduate school electrical engineering
  • I've been practicing professional engineering in the state of New Hampshire since 1991.
  • Sorry, I have a brother who's a materials engineer, so yes, a car me anything.
  • Sorry, I have a brother who's a materials engineer, so yes, anything.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first took up House Bill 216, which Representative Carol Maguire described as a fix to a workers’ compensation/retirement “glitch.” The bill would remove the current limit that only one year of workers’ compensation time can be credited as retirement service time. Maguire argued the limit is arbitrary and affects only a very small number of grievously injured workers, while committee members asked about the fiscal impact, available data, and whether the change could affect workers’ compensation rates or incentives. Mark Kavar of the New Hampshire Retirement System said Labor could not provide data on how many people exceed a year on weekly indemnity benefits, so the fiscal note used a conservative estimate that could be scaled down; he also explained that workers’ comp is not earnable compensation, which is why service credit stops after a year, and noted that many long-term cases move into disability retirement or lump-sum settlements. The committee closed the hearing, entered executive session, and voted ought to pass on HB 216 by a 13-0 roll call, sending it to consent and noting it would also go to Finance. The committee then acted on House Bill 85, adopting Amendment 0037 and then voting ought to pass as amended by another 13-0 roll call. The bill was described as allowing second-year respiratory therapy students to work under supervision using the skills they have already learned, with support from the Hospital Association and no opposition noted. Finally, the committee took up House Bill 267, the animal chiropractors bill. Members said the bill had been approved previously but was vetoed because of a defect; the problem has now been corrected, and the bill is intended to reduce delays caused by requiring veterinary referrals before chiropractors can treat animals. The committee voted ought to pass 13-0 and placed the bill on consent.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Education Funding (04/15/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • And then we auto and small engines.
  • stage you work with an engineering firm. stage you work with an engineering firm.
  • You’re going to have to engage an engineer.
  • You’re going to have to engage an engineer.
  • You're going to have engage an engineer.
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee first heard Senate Bill 292, which would authorize a governor’s warrant to cover special education aid shortfalls from the education trust fund, and from the general fund if needed, so local school districts would not have to absorb prorated costs or raise local property taxes. Senator Lang said the bill was prompted by a prior $15 million special education funding shortfall caused by higher-than-expected catastrophic aid claims, including more qualifying students and the recent increase in the special education age limit to 22. He emphasized that the bill is intended to ensure the state meets its funding commitment and avoid shifting costs to towns. Members asked about how the bill interacts with House Bill 742 and House Bill 773, including whether the language should be merged or whether the state should fund 100% versus an 80% floor. Lang said he was open to improving the bill and to adding a study committee or performance audit on special education costs, but maintained that the state should not push costs to local taxpayers when it has available funds. The hearing on SB 292 was then closed, with no vote taken. The committee then opened Senate Bill 98, which would extend for five more years a tax credit program for donations to regional career and technical education centers. Senator Waters said the program has been successful in building partnerships between CTE centers and employers, especially through equipment donations that support training and apprenticeships. He cited examples including automotive, marine trades, and advanced manufacturing programs, and said the five-year extension would let lawmakers continue to review whether the incentive is working as intended. Several members questioned whether the credit is effectively a 100% subsidy and how the cap works. Waters and another member explained that the underlying program has an aggregate cap of $500,000 and that credits are prorated if requests exceed that amount; they also said the donations are primarily equipment, not cash. Some members raised concerns about whether businesses could also claim other tax deductions or credits, but the sponsor said the existing structure has been in place for years and has been revisited periodically. No vote was taken during the hearing excerpt provided.
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama House Feb 17th, 2026

Alabama House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • >> Not the Army Corps of Engineers. We have EMA.
  • But why not the Army Corps of Engineers, because they are pretty much the experts when you're talking
  • So why would you pay that extra money when you got the Army Corps of Engineers that could do it?
  • was able, through the help of the Army Corps of Engineers, to develop a subdivision there.
  • well as the army core of engineer well as the army core of engineer because<01:08:10.960> with
Keywords: 1136, house, all
CO

Colorado 2026 Regular Session

Colorado House 2026 Legislative Day 118 May 12th, 2026

Colorado House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • on the vehicles that these batteries come from, the electric vehicles versus internal combustion engine
  • The engines, the things that make the car go. I things that make the car go.
  • And that's just a standard car battery from an ICE vehicle, from an internal combustion engine vehicle
  • drove here today is a... ...the car that I drove here today is a 23-year-old internal combustion engine
  • Independent... you what, the the engine health and the you what, the the engine health and the ability
Keywords: 981, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Capital Investment - 04/23/26

Capital Investment

Transcript Highlights:
  • We have done some significant work on that, including engineering, siting, and water study plans produced
  • We have done some significant work on that, including engineering, siting, and water study plans produced
  • But we have done some significant work on that, including engineering, siting, and water study plans
  • uh, siting and water study engineering uh, siting and water study plans<00:20:58.040> uh,<00:
  • some of that preliminary engineering some of that preliminary engineering work,<00:21:51.120>
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Labor - 03/26/26

Labor

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh, you'll have one certified engineer on the board and then uh two technicians or a contractor from
  • Uh you'll have one uh certified engineer Uh you'll have one uh certified engineer on<00:05:02.080
  • Our board is composed of inspectors, engineers, pipefitters, contractors, one public member, and often
  • <00:13:18.240> and systems with the proper engineering and systems with the proper engineering
  • , pipefitters, contractors, one engineers, pipefitters, contractors, one public<00:13:37.920> member
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 3/18/26

Transportation Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • autonomous or automated vehicle sector, which is the new term in the DE, brings with the jobs in engineering
  • autonomous or automated vehicle sector, which is the new term in the DE, brings with the jobs in engineering
  • autonomous or automated vehicle sector, which is the new term in the DE, brings with the jobs in engineering
  • autonomous or automated vehicle sector, which is the new term in the DE, brings with the jobs in engineering
  • autonomous or automated vehicle sector, which is the new term in the DE, brings with the jobs in engineering
MD

Maryland 2026 Regular Session

House Floor Session, 2/6/2026 #1

Maryland House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The chief engineer for BGE comes up with a genius idea of how to reroute some power lines in Baltimore
  • . the chief engineer and customer service. the chief engineer for<00:31:51.679> BG&E<00:31
  • Our engine is on fire and we want to put a piece of duct tape over the dashboard to make it stop.
  • Our engine is on fire and we want to put a piece of duct tape over the dashboard to make it stop.
  • Our engine is on fire and we want to put a piece of duct tape over the dashboard to make it stop.
Summary: The House convened with 117 members present, then 123 after a quorum call, and proceeded through routine introductions and referrals, including introductory House bills 959 through 1018, House Joint Resolution 8, House Simple Resolution 1, several Senate bills, and bond initiatives referred to Appropriations. The main floor item was House Bill 1, concerning investor-owned electric and gas utility cost recovery limitations, which was on third reading and final passage. Debate on HB 1 focused on whether the bill would meaningfully lower utility bills and whether it was necessary given existing Public Service Commission authority. Supporters argued the bill would prevent ratepayers from bearing the cost of executive bonuses and other compensation above $250,000, saying utilities can still pay those costs from shareholder profits and that the measure would save money for customers, even if only modestly. Opponents argued the PSC already has authority to review executive compensation, warned the bill could be largely symbolic or misleading, and said it might encourage utilities to shift bonuses into base salaries or harm recruitment and service quality. Several members also argued the bill did not address other drivers of high bills, such as riders and program costs, and one member said the General Assembly itself was responsible for rising energy costs. No final vote on HB 1 was shown in the transcript excerpt, but members on both sides stated their intended positions, with supporters urging a yes vote and opponents indicating they would vote no. The discussion ended with another member beginning remarks about taking on concentrated corporate power and standing with working people.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 3/10/25

Transportation Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • So it's things like value engineering or kind of changing the footprint of a project to save money on
  • <00:18:56.200> or so it's things like value engineering or so it's things like value engineering
  • <00:54:17.359> design<00:54:17.680> and study planning engineering design and study
  • planning engineering design and construction<00:54:18.359> of<00:54:18.520> the<00:54:
  • I’m Joel Mueller with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen.
Bills: HF1167, HF1242
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

FIN Info Briefing - Tue Jan 14, 2025 @ 9:00 AM HST

Hawaii House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Dina Lao, with Engineering, LNR 401.
  • Dina Lao, with Engineering, LNR 401.
  • Dina Lao, with Engineering, LNR 401.
  • Dina Lao, with Engineering, LNR 401.
  • Dina Lao, with Engineering, LNR 401.
Keywords: 910, house, all
AL

Alabama 2026 1st Special Session

Alabama House Baldwin County Legislation Committee Mar 12th, 2026

Baldwin County Legislation

Transcript Highlights:
  • juvenile detention director, personnel director, building official, the clerk, treasurer, county engineer
  • juvenile detention director, personnel director, building official, the clerk, treasurer, county engineer
Bills: HB606, HB606
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Number two, on behalf of the professional engineers in California government, this is the third year
  • the reason why, and Caltrans has traditionally had a 90/10 PYE staffing ratio when it comes to engineering
  • Number two, on behalf of the professional engineers in California government, this is the third year
  • Number two, on behalf of the professional engineers in California government, this is the third year
  • Number two, on behalf of the professional engineers in California government, this is the third year
Keywords: 988, house, all
Summary: The Assembly Budget Subcommittee heard the Department of Finance’s May Revision overview and the LAO’s budget assessment, then questioned administration officials on several natural resources and transportation proposals. Finance described the state’s improved near-term fiscal picture, but also highlighted continued budget balancing measures, including use of the temporary surplus holding account, climate bond spending, transportation and DMV/CHP augmentations, and changes affecting CEQA filing systems, water programs, CalRecycle, and food and agriculture. The LAO argued the budget still relies heavily on reserves and borrowing, recommended rejecting or delaying many new discretionary proposals, and urged caution about ongoing costs and future-year impacts, especially for the General Fund, Motor Vehicle Account, and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. A major portion of the hearing focused on the Healthy Rivers and Landscapes proposal for Bay-Delta water quality implementation. Secretary Wade Crowfoot and Finance officials said the $25 million request would support early implementation of an enforceable program combining environmental flows, habitat restoration, and scientific monitoring, with the State Water Board retaining regulatory authority. The LAO said the proposal was premature because the updated Bay-Delta plan had not yet been adopted and asked for more clarity on the state’s existing commitments and future funding expectations. Several members expressed support for the program as a way to reduce long-running conflict over water policy, while others echoed concerns about timing and fiscal exposure. The committee also examined the proposed $125 million Proposition 4 contribution toward acquisition of the Golden Gate Fields property for a shoreline park and habitat restoration. State agencies said the project had a completed appraisal, was moving through a rolling grant process, and would leverage philanthropic and local funding, while members questioned why it was being elevated ahead of other park and conservation requests and whether it was the best use of limited bond dollars. The hearing then turned to transportation items, including $40 million for Clean California litter abatement, $6.2 million for Caltrans homeless coordinators, $73.4 million in DMV/Motor Vehicle Account requests, and funding for the 2028 Games route network. The LAO generally recommended rejecting or delaying the Clean California and homeless coordinator proposals pending more information, while members debated the need to preserve essential CHP and DMV operations despite the Motor Vehicle Account’s structural imbalance.
MS

Mississippi 2026 Regular Session

MS House Floor - 18 March, 2026; 10:00 AM

Mississippi House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Ladies and gentlemen, this is the appropriation for the Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors
  • This is to fund a grant program for engineering surveyors at our universities.
  • <00:51:01.280> and<00:51:01.599> Land Professional Engineers and Land Professional
  • Engineers and Land Surveyors.<00:51:02.720> Uh<00:51:02.960> this<00:51:03.119> is
  • <00:51:13.280> surveyors program u uh for engineering surveyors program u uh for engineering
Summary: The House convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, then moved through routine organizational business, including confirming a quorum, dispensing with the journal reading, and introducing pages and several visiting groups. Recognitions included the Calhoun City High School Wildcats for winning the 2025 Class 1A state championship, the Florence High School girls soccer team for winning the Class 5A state championship, the Mississippi Children’s Museum, a Kosciusko-Attala business delegation, an empowerment group from Oxford, a pediatrician of the day, law enforcement leaders, and other guests. The chamber also adopted House Resolution 63 honoring the House softball team for winning the Battle of the Tombigbee. The main floor action centered on concurrence or conference motions on several bills. The House concurred in HB 1404, HB 1546, HB 1577, HB 1265, HB 895, HB 1923, HB 1937, and HB 1940, with votes ranging from near-unanimous to 99-14 and 108-8; HB 895 was amended by unanimous consent to correct a line reference. Members explained that HB 1404 added knowingly/willfully/unlawfully language, HB 1546 shortened the human-trafficking expungement period from five years to three, HB 1577 adjusted false-claims reporting language, HB 1265 removed a repealer from the Debt Management Services Act bill, HB 895 restored 12-month card validity and a two-year caregiver license period for the cannabis bill, HB 1923 funded the Athletic Commission at $174,000, HB 1937 finalized the Library Commission budget, and HB 1940 was a large deficit/appropriations bill covering settlements, public safety headquarters construction, MIMA grants, court support, DHS software, health litigation expenses, and student aid. The House also voted to invite conference on a number of bills, including HB 1390, HB 1651, HB 1649, HB 1653, HB 1654, HB 1752, HB 1648, HB 1934, HB 1935, HB 1936, HB 1938, HB 925, HB 1640, HB 1927, HB 1928, HB 1929, HB 1930, HB 1931, and HB 1924. During debate on HB 1940, members questioned the need for outside counsel and the size of legal and settlement costs, especially for Jackson water litigation; the sponsor said the Attorney General sometimes needs specialized outside attorneys. The bill ultimately passed concurrence, and the chamber continued with additional introductions and recognitions after the major votes.
MS

Mississippi 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations - Room 216, 12 March, 2026; 10:30 AM

Appropriations

Transcript Highlights:
  • Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors, House Bill 1890.
  • That request is for the engineers' requested authority to allocate 600,000 for their grant program for
  • board of registration<00:47:43.040> for<00:47:43.359> professional<00:47:43.839> engineers
  • registration for professional engineers registration for professional engineers and<00:47:44.560
  • that request is for um the engineers that request is for um the engineers requested<00:48:01.760
Summary: The committee began by noting the plan to suspend the rules later that afternoon so several measures could be taken up on the floor, including bills that may be on final passage or contain reverse repealers. Members were reminded to clearly identify which bills were final passage measures so the chamber would know it might be the last opportunity to vote on them. The committee then moved through a series of appropriations bills. In the education and judicial budgets, Senator DeBar explained House Bills 1928, 1933, 1935, 1936, and 1937, covering the legislative operations budget, DFA buildings reappropriations, K-12 education, MPB, and the library commission. He described increases for teacher pay, special education supplements, testing contracts, ELC coaches, financial literacy, ESA funding, and other adjustments, along with reductions in some areas and a decline in student enrollment affecting the funding formula. The bills were adopted by title sufficient, do pass, with strike-all motions where applicable. Senator Wiggins presented House Bills 1924, 1926, 1927, 1930, and 1931, covering the Attorney General, Capital Postconviction Council, district attorneys and staff, the Office of State Public Defender, and the Supreme Court/AOC budget. He highlighted salary increases for agency attorneys, human trafficking funding, new district attorney positions from judicial redistricting, public defender support for family defenders and the rural legal services pilot, and major court-system items such as judicial salary increases, youth court intake, CCID courts, and the MyCIDS replacement system. Questions focused on the meaning of personal services, vacancy funding, and possible use of opioid settlement funds for AOC; the committee was told those issues could be handled through the reverse repealer or other vehicles. The bills were advanced, with the committee noting which ones contained reverse repealers and which were final action. Subcommittee 5 and 6 then handled human services, health, licensing, and transportation-related measures. House Bills 1906, 1909, 1912, and 1921 covered Child Protective Services, Human Services, Medicaid, and Rehabilitation Services, with explanations for new attorney positions, salary and vacancy funding, SNAP administration, Medicaid agency funding, and restoring positions in rehab services. House Bill 1908 for the Department of Health added money for Jackson water litigation and public health priorities such as obesity management, remote monitoring, cancer screenings, and maternal-infant health. House Bills 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, and 1918 were taken up together for licensing boards, with most changes described as cloud services, PIN restoration, or vacancy funding; only the Board of Medical Licensure bill had a reverse repealer. Finally, Senator Thompson handled special fund and transportation bills, including the Port Authority, waterway and river districts, Yellow Creek, and MDOT. He noted overtime concerns at the Port Authority, special-fund increases for contractual services and capital improvements at the water districts, and MDOT increases for salaries, commodities, equipment, and the three-year highway plan. Senator Wiggins raised a question about utility relocation costs in transportation projects, saying some municipalities were being told to pay those costs themselves; Senator Thompson said he would follow up with MDOT.