Transcript Highlights:

• That would be the first type of permitting necessary for a generation asset.
• Air permits through the TCEQ. Yes, but the PUC doesn't permit it. Right.
• Regarding the permit, part of it is the setback parameters in your bill.
• Um, the last point of concern is getting the PUC involved in the permitting game.
• This bill creates permitting delays, costly fees, and arbitrary setbacks.

Bills: SB458, SB819, SB1238, SB1642, SB1643, SB1644, SB1791, SB1810, SB1824, SB1825, SB758, SB1455, SB1706

Keywords: insurance appraisal, property insurance, auto insurance, homeowners insurance, residential property, disputed loss, loss valuation, appraisal clause, appraiser, umpire, Texas Department of Insurance, TDI, insurance dispute resolution, claims adjustment, total loss, windstorm insurance, FAIR Plan, surplus lines insurance, policyholder, insurer

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, that project today is in permitting.
• Um, we do have a path forward through permitting, and the grant contracts through the MPCA will be coming
• Uh, that project today is in permitting.
• Have you considered what you're going to have to go through in Minnesota to get permitting for those
• Have you considered what you're going to have to go through in Minnesota to get permitting for those

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill also likely conflicts with RSA 43-B:82, which encourages and permits municipalities to adopt
• These tend to be in areas that are zoned to permit agricultural use, so that's why they tend to have
• The bill also likely conflicts with RSA 43-B:82, which encourages and permits municipalities to adopt
• These tend to be in areas that are zoned to permit agricultural use, so that's why they tend to have
• The bill also likely conflicts with RSA 43-B:82, which encourages and permits municipalities to adopt

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Our water appropriation permits are housed in the division of ecological water resources, and that's
• and those fall into then the permitting and those fall into then the permitting programs<01:22:04.199
• <01:26:20.159> program<01:26:20.440> under have a a a permitting program under have
• We work with large private industrial facilities on permitting, compliance, and enforcement.
• There’s both state and federal permitting that goes with it, as you know.

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Summary: Chair Foung Hawj opened the Environment, Climate and Legacy Committee meeting by welcoming members, agency staff, and constituents, and by outlining the committee’s shared-power arrangement for the session. Members introduced themselves and described environmental activities from the interim, including gardening, outdoor recreation, farming visits, Great Lakes work, and a tree-planting trip in Thailand that Hawj said symbolized cultural unity and environmental stewardship. Ben Stanley, the committee’s nonpartisan counsel, then explained the co-chairs’ operating agreement: Hawj would chair the meeting, Senator John Hoffman would chair the next two meetings, then Hawj would chair the following two, with the chair rotating after each pair of meetings. Agendas would be set jointly, additional meetings would require both chairs’ approval, and passing a bill out of committee would require a majority of all committee members, or seven votes. At Senator Tory Westrom’s request, the agreement was to be emailed to members in writing. Stanley also reviewed the committee’s jurisdiction, which includes environmental and natural resources bills, legacy funds, and agencies such as the Environmental Quality Board, Department of Natural Resources, Pollution Control Agency, and Board of Water and Soil Resources, along with several related councils and boards. Fiscal analyst Dan Mueller then gave a budget overview of the committee’s agencies, noting that many current biennium appropriations include one-time general fund money that drops back in the 2026-27 base budget. He highlighted funding levels for the Pollution Control Agency, DNR, Metro Parks, Conservation Corps, BWSR, the Minnesota Zoo, the Science Museum, and the Metropolitan Landfill Contingency Action Trust Account, and said the committee’s base-budget area totals about $2.2 billion. He also reviewed the Legacy funds, estimating available 2026-27 appropriations of about $327 million for Outdoor Heritage, $31.7 million for Clean Water, $133 million for Parks and Trails, and $185 million for Arts and Cultural Heritage. No votes or bill actions were taken at this meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• In fact, 20% fewer single family permits In fact, 20% fewer single family permits were<03:33:05.439><
• Municipalities can only tax property owners as state law permits.
• Municipalities can only tax property owners as state law permits.
• Municipalities can only tax property owners as state law permits.
• <05:44:44.000> apply to apply for the building permit. apply to apply for the building permit

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• In addition to that, the owner also will need to reapply for a new permit, hoping the permit process,
• Thank you, Madam Speaker. ...need to reapply for a new permit, hoping the permit process, which they've
• permits, can we go back to um SCR 2092? permits, can we go back to um SCR 2092? Yes. Yes. Yes.
• Thank you. um this bill has to do with permit It um this bill has to do with permit It permits<03:28:
• SB 2347 when time permits? SB 2347. SB 2347 when time permits? SB 2347.

Keywords: 910, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• If time permits, decision-making will occur after we hear from those offering testimonies.
• If time permits, decision-making will occur after we hear from those offering testimonies.
• If time permits, decision-making will occur after we hear from all those offering testimonies.
• If time permits, decision-making will occur after we hear from all those offering testimonies.
• <00:19:42.640> after<00:19:42.880> we permits, decision-m will occur after we permits,

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The joint committees on Labor and Technology and Public Safety and Military Affairs heard testimony on several measures. SB 3082, relating to military families and leave protections, drew support from the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, the military community relations office, the Hawaii National Guard, and the U.S. Department of Defense, all of whom said the bill would align state law with federal standards and better account for military-related leave needs. SB 3110, relating to the Hawaii National Guard, was supported by Department of Defense witnesses who said it clarifies that employees of the Guard’s youth and adult educational programs are excluded from collective bargaining. The committees also heard SB 3251, which would prohibit certain state law enforcement agencies from hiring former ICE or Border Patrol agents as law enforcement officers. The main testimony in support argued the bill could help prevent local police staffing losses to higher-paying federal agencies and avoid future workforce instability if federal funding changes. The measure drew significant public testimony, with the chair noting 62 testimonies in support, five in opposition, and three comments. Members discussed the bill’s impact on recruitment and retention, and one member voted with reservations while another voted no. Later, the committees heard SB 3095 and SB 3264, both concerning Hawaii Employer-Union Health Benefits Trust Fund salaries. EUTF testified in support of SB 3095, which would allow the board to set salaries for investment office staff, and SB 3264, which would authorize the board to set the salary for an assistant administrator. After testimony, the committees moved into decision-making and passed SB 3082, SB 3110, SB 3251, SB 3095, and SB 3264 with amendments, generally including technical changes and revised effective dates of January 1, 2077 for the EUTF salary bills and SB 3082.

Transcript Highlights:

• And then they would have to go through the local permitting process where the local government could
• grant them a permit on state right-of-way.
• <00:16:09.040> process through the local permitting process through the local permitting process
• local government could could grant<00:16:11.440> them<00:16:11.600> a<00:16:11.839> permit
• grant them a permit grant them a permit >> on<00:16:12.800> state<00:16:13.120>

Keywords: 00:50 Roll call 05:09 HB 140 06:56 HB 140 Vote 08:04 HB 144 09:50 HB 144 vote 11:12 HB 189 18:47 HB 189 vote, 958, all

Summary: The House Transportation Committee met for its first meeting of the 2026 session, with the chair noting the committee’s regular meeting time has changed to 10:00 a.m. on Tuesdays. Members were introduced to committee staff and reminded of procedural rules, including the 24-hour amendment rule. The committee also recognized a guest in attendance, Judge Hector Akala of Meny County. The committee heard House Bill 140, relating to highway pavement markings, from Representative Candy Maseroni. She said the bill responds to complaints from first responders and constituents about poor nighttime visibility of road markings and would require the Transportation Department to inspect completed work after six months to ensure markings remain visible. After questions about responsibility for noncompliant work, the bill was reported favorably. The committee then considered House Bill 144, relating to motor vehicle titles, from Representative Huff, with testimony from Dustin Miller of State Farm Insurance. The bill would change title-junking standards by focusing on cosmetic damage rather than damage that requires a junk title, such as hail damage. A committee substitute was adopted, and the bill was reported favorably. Finally, the committee heard House Bill 189, relating to pedestrian safety, from Representative Jackson, with testimony from Gracie Kelly of the Kentucky League of Cities and Jeremy Thompson of the Kentucky Chiefs Association. The bill would create a statewide standard limiting stationary pedestrian presence in state right-of-way, with penalties under existing pedestrian citation provisions; members asked about constitutional concerns, definitions of state right-of-way, and local permitting. After discussion, the bill was reported favorably. At the end of the meeting, two members recorded missed yes votes on House Bills 140 and 144, and the committee adjourned with a reminder that it would meet again the following Tuesday at 10:00 a.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• Under local law, current law, local authorities could regulate sound through permitting systems, fees
• It prohibits counties, municipalities, public health districts from imposing sound regulation, permits
• This includes permitting and fees for basic operational needs like deliveries.
• In 2001, the 87th legislature passed House Bill 1510, which permitted electric utilities outside ERCOT
• House Bill 2869, bill before you today, builds upon House Bill 1510 by permitting utilities inside ERCOt

Bills: HB 246, HB 796, HB 1056, HB 1544, HB 1846, HB 2001, HB 2618, HB 2625, HB 2869, HB 2898, HB 3069, HB 3114, HB 3157, HB 3228, HJR 98

Keywords: federal directives, state authority, Tenth Amendment, government enforcement, local governance, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions, electronic payment systems, state finance, regulatory compliance, electric trucks, charging infrastructure, advisory council, transportation, sustainability, criminal penalties, official information

Transcript Highlights:

• ADDITIONALLY THE BILL DOES NOT PERMIT THE SALE OF THESE PRODUCTS JUST OUT IN THE OPEN SHELVES OF STORES
• IT'S BEEN SINCE 1906 SINCE THC BEVERAGES WERE PERMITTED IN AMERICA.
• WHAT ABOUT THE 90% OF OTHER ESTABLISHMENT PERMITS, IS THAT NOT IMPORTANT FOR US THAT WHOLE STORES WOULD
• AND THAT IS HOW I VALIDATE THEY HAVE A PERMIT AND I PURCHASE THEIR PRODUCTS AND PUT IT ON MY SHELVES
• WE GROW ALL OUR HEMP IN EUSTIS AND HAVE MULTIPLE PERMITS TO DO SO.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, they've removed the testing barrier that was there on the work permits.
• work permit.
• So now once you on the work permits.
• c> permit.
• Um, and so that's temporary work permit.

Keywords: Appropriations - Room 216, 5 February, 2026; 8:30 AM, 925, all

Summary: The committee first heard from the Board of Registration for Foresters, which said it is self-funded through applications and renewals and receives no general fund support. The board requested a budget increase from $62,755 to $77,035, mainly for technology upgrades to its database and website, a social media presence, and about $3,000 more for board travel. Members asked about contractual expenses, staffing, renewals, reserves, and office location; the witness said most renewals are now online, the board has a reserve but he did not know the exact amount, and the board is leased space in the Robert E. Lee Building. No vote was taken, and the chair moved on to the next agency. The Mississippi Board of Examiners for Social Workers and Marriage and Family Therapists then presented its budget and operational needs. The board described its 10-member structure, three employees, and oversight of about 4,450 social workers and 210 marriage and family therapists. It explained that a prior $50,000 deficit appropriation was approved too late to spend, and asked to include that amount in the current budget for technology upgrades and equipment. The board also requested salary increases, additional travel funds, money for out-of-state compact participation, more contractual funds for database enhancements and digitizing records, and one additional computer. Members questioned the board about its large cash balance, staffing, office location, and the social work compact; the board said it has about $1 million in cash, is in leased space at Old River Place, and needs database changes to support the compact. No action or vote was taken. Finally, the Cosmetology and Barbering Board discussed major licensing and regulatory changes and its budget request. The board said it had already adopted a passing score for the licensure exam, ended the practical exam, extended testing approval periods, removed barriers to temporary work permits, and opened a path for apprenticeships, mobile establishments, and online licensing software. It also described recommendations in SB 2566, including a low-income first-license fee waiver, sanitation warnings, reduced education and instructor-hour requirements, and removal of some display requirements. The board said these changes had already led to new applications and test signups. On the budget side, it said it was withdrawing a prior request for $6,340 for practical-exam contractors because that exam was eliminated, but still sought $120,000 for certified mail, $49,000 for recruitment and retention salaries, and continued flexibility for possible live-streaming requirements under pending legislation. Senators asked whether the practical exam had been eliminated and whether the board could still ensure competency and inspections; the board said skills are still assessed through program completion and theory testing, and it asked to retain inspector positions because it oversees roughly 6,000 to 6,500 licensed shops and salons with only two inspectors.

Transcript Highlights:

• We have to issue discharge permits and other permits.
• of at whip, as per the permit requirement.
• For the nation, is it the right thing to do to, to look at that and look at the whit permitting process
• And we've issued a couple of right of entry permits.
• The state law, uh, you know, as I understand it, you know, restricts whether certain permits would be

Transcript Highlights:

• Furthermore, a possible permitting model that includes a volunteer option for foraging permits is a creative
• Furthermore, a possible permitting model that includes a volunteer option for foraging permits is a creative
• Additionally, the permitting discussions to create a permit regulatory system would require financial
• <00:23:29.039> discussions additionally the permitting discussions additionally the permitting
• to to create a permit regulatory system uh<00:23:32.760> would<00:23:33.200> require<00

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Senate Bill 52, an act relating to ensuring fair permitting and licensing practices.
• Senate Bill 52, an act relating to ensuring<00:04:54.960> fair<00:04:55.440> permitting
• <00:04:56.000> and<00:04:56.400> licensing ensuring fair permitting and licensing ensuring
• fair permitting and licensing practices.<00:04:58.400> Senator<00:04:59.280> Rawlings.
• That money could be used toward an early site permit, construction permits, or a combined operating license

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, then the clerk called the roll and a quorum was declared with 34 members present. The journal from Thursday, January 8, 2026 was approved without objection, and there were no committee reports or second-reading bills on the calendar at that point. The clerk then introduced new measures, including Senate Bills 51 through 56 on topics such as property tax exemptions, permitting and licensing practices, planning and zoning, short-term rentals, water fluoridation, and Medicaid utilization controls for nonopioid analgesics, along with Senate Resolutions 31 and 32 honoring cancer patients and Tatum Elizabeth Dale. The committee on committees later reported Senate Resolutions 15 and 24 to the floor and announced a committee assignment change: Senator Chambers Armstrong was removed from the transportation committee and Senator Clemens was added. Both memorial resolutions were then adopted by voice vote: Senate Resolution 15 honoring Joyce Leverne Johnson and Senate Resolution 24 honoring Myra Friend Ellis. During announcements, senators discussed the upcoming schedule, including the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday closure and a return to the floor on Tuesday, January 20 at 4:00 p.m., with committee meetings still possible that day. Senator McCracken also filed and described a bill on nuclear energy development, creating a Nuclear Reactor Site Readiness Pilot Program within the Kentucky Nuclear Energy Development Authority; he said it would support at least three sites through public-private partnerships and funding contributions from the state, utilities, and industry. The session ended with remarks recognizing Law Enforcement Appreciation Day and an adjournment motion adopted without objection, adjourning the Senate until 4:00 p.m. Monday, January 12, 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• The process, the letter of the law, the permit process, the application process, what I have pushed staff
• I have concerns about the permit that was issued for the man to Re Lake Okeechobee.
• Lastly, the last publishes a no-cost electronic long-term creek permit for vessels anchored within one
• The electronic permit requirement will take place take effect 1/1/2026 while all other provisions became
• The new electronic permitting system for long term current permits is currently in development.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• There is a permitting reform, which is a large portion of this bill.
• Good work on permitting reform.
• The DNR says, "Well, they're gonna be able to get their permits so much faster."
• Why there needed to be a fee for water was for the administration of water permits.
• enough revenue to pay for the administration of water permits.

Transcript Highlights:

• The bill does continue local government's authority to control setbacks and permitting.
• During the rebuilding process and directs locals to have post-storm permitting plans and sufficient
• permitting staff to expedite rebuilding and repair.
• It's very difficult to hit a button and say we're going to approve all these permits all at one time.
• We've heard a lot about increased permitting fees where your permitting fee is $150.

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several gallery introductions before taking up Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 168, the Tristan Murphy Act, on mental health. Senator Bradley explained that the bill is intended to divert clinically appropriate defendants with mental illness from jail to treatment, create pretrial mental health diversion programs, expand grant uses for mental health and substance abuse reinvestment, require evaluations and treatment follow-up in certain probation and prison settings, add Hillsborough County to a forensic hospital diversion pilot, and establish a Florida Behavioral Health Data Repository. Senators from both parties spoke in support, emphasizing treatment over incarceration, public safety, and the Murphy family’s role in the bill. The Senate passed the bill 37-0 and then recorded 37 co-sponsors. The chamber then moved into presentations on SB 2500, the 2025-26 General Appropriations Act. Chair Hooper said the Senate budget totals $117.4 billion, reduces overall spending from the prior year, maintains reserves, keeps employee health contributions level, and includes major investments in water quality, transportation, education infrastructure, and nearly $1 billion in education capital outlay. Committee chairs outlined their portions of the budget, including increased funding for K-12 schools and scholarships, higher education workforce programs, Medicaid and health services, corrections and courts, transportation and housing, and environmental restoration such as Everglades and water quality projects. Members then asked extensive questions, especially about education funding, school choice, AP/IB and accelerated programs, the Family Empowerment Scholarship, and the FEFP calculations. Senator Burgess repeatedly explained that scholarship funding is being moved “below the line” to improve tracking and that the Senate position is to preserve funding while giving districts more flexibility. Senators also questioned the APD wait list for disability services, opioid settlement spending, arts funding, the My Safe Florida Home condo pilot, and proposed IT and agency restructuring. Several chairs said some issues would be resolved in conference, and no final vote on the budget was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• It doesn't foreclose still, you know, having an encroachment permit program.
• You know, inadvertently creating an encroachment permit program that forces them, where they already
• Perhaps through a work permit. I mean, that's a complicated, long process. I get that.
• Maybe they're just workers and they have work permits. So help them be safe.
• Workers and they have work permits, so help them be safe. That's, I guess, my position on the bill.

Summary: The committee heard several bills focused on civil rights, housing, public safety, and administrative process. Early items included SB 46, which would authorize the Secretary of State to remove constitutionally ineligible presidential and vice presidential candidates from California ballots; SB 1078, requiring notice to the Civil Rights Department when court filings involve civil rights violations; SB 989, expanding access to Care Court by letting first responders refer cases through county behavioral health agencies; SB 998, clarifying and expanding discrimination prevention coordinators in the new Office of Civil Rights; SB 1146, requiring disclosure for AI-generated health advertisements and giving physicians a limited private right of action; SB 1164, a California Voting Rights Act expansion responding to federal voting-rights rulings; SB 1256, a housing bill aimed at limiting repeated litigation over the Harmony Grove Village South project; SB 1267, addressing HOA liability and indemnification for EV charger installations; and SB 1425, authorizing an encroachment permit program for high-speed rail right-of-way management. The committee also later heard SB 873, restricting ICE arrests near courthouses, and SB 1160, requiring eviction data reporting by zip code. Most bills drew support from sponsors, advocacy groups, labor organizations, or local officials, while opposition centered on concerns about county workload, due process, fire safety, civil liberties, or the scope of the policy changes. Members generally expressed support for the bills while noting unresolved issues and the need for amendments or further stakeholder work, especially on SB 1164, SB 1256, SB 1267, SB 1425, and SB 1160. The Judicial Council opposed SB 1160 because of the burden of adding zip-code reporting to court systems, while the author and supporters argued the data would help target eviction-prevention efforts. SB 873 drew strong support from public defenders, immigrant-rights groups, and court-related stakeholders, with the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department opposing. SB 989 drew support from firefighters and family advocates, while Disability Rights California opposed, arguing Care Court is too costly and diverts resources from community-based services. SB 1164 received broad civil-rights and voting-rights support, with cities opposing unless amended over definitions, cure periods, and litigation risk. SB 1256 drew support from housing and labor interests and opposition from local residents and environmental groups concerned about fire safety and evacuation. SB 1267 was supported by the HOA and utility stakeholders after amendments addressing liability concerns. After quorum was established, the committee voted to pass a consent calendar and then approved the listed bills, sending them to the appropriate committees or to Appropriations, including SB 46, SB 873, SB 989, SB 998, SB 1078, SB 1146, SB 1164, SB 1256, SB 1267, and SB 1425. The transcript ends with SB 1160 still under discussion, with members indicating support for the bill’s goals but acknowledging the Judicial Council’s implementation concerns and the need for further work.

Transcript Highlights:

• If disconnected while presenting testimony, you may be allowed to continue if time permits.
• > faster<01:09:39.199> and This bill makes permitting faster and This bill makes permitting
• This bill helps fix Hawaii's permitting delays by building a stronger permitting workforce so state and
• This bill helps fix Hawaii's permitting This bill helps fix Hawaii's permitting delays<01:12:50.320
• delays by building a stronger permitting delays by building a stronger permitting workforce<01:12

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The joint hearing covered several bills focused on economic development, tourism, business climate, and related policy areas. On HB 1943, which would support a DBEDT office in Korea, DBEDT and the Retail Merchants of Hawaii testified in support, emphasizing Korea’s importance as a market for investment, trade, and tourism and the value of helping small and midsize Hawaii businesses access Asian markets. A later witness also tied the proposal to broader free-trade and APEC-related goals. The committees heard no opposition on that measure. The committees then heard HB 1612 and HB 1614, both supported by multiple organizations and agencies. Testimony for HB 1612 stressed Hawaii’s weak business climate and the need for policies that improve economic growth and competitiveness; the Hulamua Collaborative cited survey results showing only 19% of respondents viewed Hawaii as a good place to do business. HB 1614 also drew support, with HTC saying its focus is on economic growth. For HB 1968 and HB 1967, the Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, the University of Hawaii, the Chamber of Commerce, and Hulamua Collaborative largely stood on written testimony in support; the hearing notes reported nine supporters and one opponent on HB 1968, and seven supporters with one comment on HB 1967. A substantial portion of the hearing focused on HB 1589, a bill to create dementia training and recognition for businesses. Testifiers included a private citizen sharing a personal family story, the Alzheimer’s Association, and DBEDT. Supporters said the measure would help families affected by dementia, reduce stigma, and make businesses more dementia-friendly. DBEDT said the issue would be better handled by an agency with dementia expertise, while the Alzheimer’s Association said it could provide training at no cost and suggested amendments to shift implementation toward the Executive Office on Aging and to use the term “dementia business champion.” The final major topic was HB 1608, involving a space-related project and financing. Phoenix Space testified that the bill would help launch responsive space access operations at Hilo International Airport, create local jobs, and support partnerships with Hawaii institutions, while another supporter said the project could diversify the economy. A committee member raised a timing concern, noting bond cap capacity was already allocated through 2028, and the witness said they were willing to work on a solution. The hearing also included HB 1850 on capital gains taxation, where supporters argued the bill would make the tax system fairer by increasing taxes on investment income, while the Chamber of Commerce opposed it. No votes or final committee actions were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Conduct that disrupts our proceedings will not be permitted.
• give permits for a certain period of time.
• In 2019, when Governor Newsom took office, we had 2,366 new drill permits. In 2023, 24 permits.
• In 2024, 35 permits. Obviously, we're not helping bring oil back here.
• And because of that, and the lack of permits, and the permits usually that are going out there, the ones

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy held its annual oversight hearing on the transportation fuels sector, focused on California’s fuel transition, the announced refinery closures by Phillips 66 and Valero, and the potential effects on supply, prices, and the broader fuel system. Committee leadership said the state needs a system-wide transition plan rather than a piecemeal approach, and state witnesses from CARB, the CEC, and DPMO described the fuel market as a complex, interconnected ecosystem involving crude production, refining, storage, imports, and delivery. They emphasized that declining gasoline demand from EV adoption is occurring alongside shrinking in-state refining capacity, which could increase volatility and price spikes if not managed carefully. CARB Chair Liane Randolph reviewed the state’s climate and air-quality programs, including AB 32, SB 32, the 2022 scoping plan, the low-carbon fuel standard, and vehicle emissions rules. She said these policies have reduced emissions substantially but that California still faces major ozone and PM2.5 problems, especially in disadvantaged communities. Randolph also said federal actions challenging California waivers could complicate the state’s clean-air efforts, and she noted that while liquid fuels will still be needed in some sectors, the state must continue reducing fossil fuel dependence while protecting public health. CEC Vice Chair Siva Gunda and DPMO Director Ty Milder presented data on gasoline demand, refinery throughput, crude imports, and price differentials. Gunda said the Legislature’s special-session laws gave the agencies transparency and planning tools, and that the CEC is developing a fuels transition plan while evaluating whether any regulatory tools should be used. Milder previewed DPMO findings that Californians have paid a long-running “mystery gasoline surcharge” averaging 41 cents per gallon since 2015, with higher margins concentrated in branded gasoline and among vertically integrated firms. He said the data show a concentrated market with some refiners doing well and others struggling, and that DPMO will continue investigating price behavior, competition, and supply risks. Members pressed the witnesses on whether state regulations contributed to refinery exits or higher prices, and on whether the agencies had adequately analyzed consumer costs. Witnesses said they had not yet implemented the new permissive tools from SB X1-2 and AB X2-1 because they were still assessing risks and benefits, and they stressed that refinery closures and capital decisions are driven by broader market conditions as well as regulation. No vote was taken; the hearing was informational, with the committee seeking updates and urging the agencies to develop a practical transition strategy that balances affordability, reliability, climate goals, and worker/community protections.