Transcript Highlights:

• HB 3261, interstate 11 environmental engineering study.
• all existing studies on comparing these two, and then they would do a study unique to the Phoenix metro
• study this idea in a robust way.
• just because they are a state legislator.
• just because they are a state legislator.

Keywords: 1182, all

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, attendance, journal approval, and multiple guest introductions, including a pastor, ACLU of Arizona lobby day participants, an architecture advocacy group, a doctor recognized for sleep apnea and dementia care work, and former Senator Frank Antinori. Senator Ortiz also read a proclamation declaring March as Sleep Apnea Awareness Month in Arizona, citing the health and public safety impacts of obstructive sleep apnea and disparities in diagnosis and treatment. The chamber then handled calendar and procedural business, including House messages, committee assignments, and a series of third-reading votes. Several bills passed on party-line or near party-line votes, including SB 1011 on county medical examiners, SB 1017 on health professionals, SB 1170 on drug offenses, SB 1173 on health care institutions, SB 1234 on juvenile court, SB 1275 on criminal diversion programs, SB 1332 on a feasibility study for light rail expansion, SB 1544 on probation, SB 1557 on health professionals, and SB 1585 on sex offender monitoring. Members offered explanations of vote on several measures, with opponents raising concerns about mandatory minimums, juvenile court changes, transit delays, and the need for broader criminal justice or transportation studies. The Senate also considered SCR 1022, a proposed constitutional amendment to change legislative member districts and expand the House. Supporters argued it would improve representation and reduce campaign pressures, while opponents said the idea should first be studied more thoroughly. The resolution passed 16-10. Additional transportation-related bills, including SB 1273 and SB 1274, also passed on reconsideration. The session ended with committee announcements for the next day and adjournment until Wednesday, March 18, 2026, at 1:15 p.m.

Transcript Highlights:

• I was the project manager on this study.
• And as a reminder, the study in 2019 estimated...
• There's a concurrent study, and we have spoken with the folks who are working on that study.
• So a lot of what the study is about is a governance study, and we've hired CPCS as consultants to help
• Program evaluation study that is currently underway.

Keywords: 904, all

Transcript Highlights:

• As part of the legislative process to create the mud, I met in person with legislative representatives
• the day the study was conducted.
• Uh, so, obviously, we have to perform the studies, get those studies approved by the entities that require
• That mud may have already done traffic studies.
• OK, now when you do this traffic study.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Legislative Budget Office is a nonpartisan legislative office serving both the House and the Senate
• studies were released to the legislative studies were released to the legislative body<01:03:33.480
• and legislative debate.
• <01:14:28.480> and<01:14:28.600> legislative<01:14:29.080> debate years of study
• and legislative debate years of study and legislative debate motan<01:14:30.560> program<01:14

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Well, if I were a member of the study Well, if I were a member of the study committee,<01:03:55.599
• commissions, study committees, and study commissions that we are better positioned to say and that we
• commissions, study committees, and study commissions that we are better positioned to say and that we
• Um, and it just strikes me in my history of working on study commissions, study committees, and study
• recommendations for proposed legislation recommendations for proposed legislation to<01:17:30.480

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I was the project manager on this study.
• And as a reminder, the study in 2019 estimated...
• And WSDOT is currently studying that right now.
• There's a concurrent study, and we have spoken with the folks who are working on that study.
• So a lot of what the study is about is a governance study, and we've hired CPCS as consultants to help

Summary: The committee began with member introductions, then heard a presentation on a draft final report studying alternative funding mechanisms for sidewalks and related pedestrian infrastructure. Consultants said current local funding sources are insufficient, with most jurisdictions unable to complete planned sidewalk networks within 50 years. They evaluated four options: a sidewalk utility fee, a modified transportation benefit district sales tax, a new real estate excise tax option, and expanded stormwater fee use for ADA sidewalk ramps. The consultants recommended authorizing the modified TBD sales tax and new REET option, considering a sidewalk utility despite legal uncertainty, broadening any authorization to all pedestrian improvements, and not pursuing the stormwater fee option. Members asked about legal authority, fairness, revenue adequacy, and whether jurisdictions had been consulted; the presenters said state enabling legislation would likely be needed for a sidewalk utility and that fairness could be defined either by direct benefit or by need. The committee then received an update on the 2025 assessment of city transportation funding needs. The consultants reported that city transportation revenues have grown in some local and federal categories since 2019, but state revenues have remained relatively flat and smaller cities are especially affected by declining fuel tax revenues and limited tax bases. They estimated annual city transportation needs at $4.25 billion, average annual spending at $1.89 billion, and a funding gap of $2.37 billion, larger than in the prior study because of updated data, inclusion of system improvements, and higher preservation costs. Draft recommendations focused on reducing costs and improving efficiency, preserving and increasing state support, and expanding local funding options, including preservation-first spending, a permanent federal fund exchange program, streamlined review processes, better coordination with WSDOT, possible property tax flexibility, and exploration of new local tools. Members raised questions about design standards, the role of density and transit, federal compliance, and whether the report would identify specific consolidation or process changes. The committee also heard a project update on evaluating zero-emission vehicle and electrification programs funded by the Climate Commitment Act. Consultants said they had reviewed roughly 23 programs and projects across seven agencies and were now evaluating options to improve delivery, including process improvements, reorganizing programs, or consolidating governance and administrative functions. Early findings highlighted staffing shortages, duplication and variation across agencies, differing levels of risk, and the challenge of coordinating climate priorities across agencies with other core missions. Members asked about program outcomes, administrative costs, whether some programs should have exit strategies, and how to strengthen the EV Coordinating Council. Finally, WSDOT provided an implementation update on its new public-private partnership authority under SB 5801, saying work is underway to prepare governance, legal, policy, and organizational structures ahead of the January 1, 2027 effective date.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, this and I don't know who was on the interim study, but it was an interim study.
• We need to study it.
• I ran the original legislation after the interim study, and guess who lined up to block it?
• And it seems like we have a really good idea here to study this program, to study this issue, to study
• What we do after the study, but don't do the recommendations before the study is done.

Bills: HB3005, HB3007, HB3403, HB1907, HB3175, HB3986, HB3466, HB3411, HB4246

Keywords: climatology, emergency declaration, Oklahoma Climatological Survey, environment, weather data, public policy, state governance, natural resources, advisory councils, sunset law, water quality, hazardous waste, solid waste, radiation management, public health, biosolids, land application, environmental quality, agriculture, wastewater treatment

Transcript Highlights:

• So that's kind of a snapshot of other studies. We looked at the legislative action in 2020.
• So that's kind of a snapshot of other studies. We looked at the legislative action in 2020.
• Here’s our study background.
• I think we need a study on studies. Hopefully not.
• We have a committee on committees, so why not a study on studies?

Summary: The meeting began with introductions from members of the Joint Transportation Committee and a presentation from the Association of Washington Cities and the public works directors of Richland, Kennewick, Pasco, and West Richland. The cities described the Quad Cities region as one of the fastest-growing in the state and outlined shared transportation priorities that align with the committee’s focus on safety, multimodal access, climate resilience, and economic development. They emphasized Vision Zero efforts, complete streets, ADA accessibility, regional trail and bike/pedestrian planning, and coordinated long-range transportation and land-use planning to manage growth. The city officials also discussed major funding and delivery challenges, including rising construction costs, project phasing, pavement preservation, right-of-way acquisition, and delays caused by state and federal permitting and review processes. They highlighted regional cooperation through the Benton-Franklin Council of Governments, Good Roads, and local funding tools such as impact fees, transportation benefit districts, REET, tax increment financing, and state and federal grants. Specific projects discussed included Richland’s SR 240/Aaron Drive complete streets project and downtown connectivity work, Kennewick’s Columbia Center Boulevard improvements and rail study, Pasco’s Court/Road 68, Sylvester Street corridor, I-182 bridge/interchange work, and a new north-south bridge study, and West Richland’s SR 224 Red Mountain corridor project, which officials said was awarded under budget and is scheduled to begin construction. Committee members asked questions about sidewalk connections to schools, state-agency right-of-way timelines, apprenticeship utilization, contractor selection, and whether complete streets requirements add burdens to pavement preservation projects. The city officials said new development is generally meeting sidewalk standards, but older infill areas remain a gap; that state right-of-way transactions can take much longer than expected; that apprenticeship requirements are common but harder for smaller contractors and local labor markets; and that low-bid contracting leaves little room to screen for performance history. They also said complete streets requirements are usually manageable on major projects but can be difficult to absorb in smaller preservation work. The committee then shifted to a JTC-funded study on transit-oriented development, presented by Urban Institute researcher Yona Freemark. The study examined TOD conditions in 33 cities in Snohomish, King, Pierce, Clark, and Spokane counties near rail and bus rapid transit stations. Freemark said Washington’s housing affordability crisis is severe, especially near transit, and found that high-cost cities have seen more development near stations but also signs of gentrification and loss of affordable housing, while lower-cost cities have had less development and worsening affordability relative to income. He identified barriers including high debt costs, land costs, infrastructure costs, zoning and parking rules, and limited subsidies for affordable housing. He recommended more neighborhood infrastructure funding near stations, stronger affordable housing investment, and better use of public land, noting that HB 1491 and related legislation are already changing some local requirements.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'll be leading the update, but I'm here. study on the impacts of legislative term limits.
• As a quick recall for the study, per your instruction, legislative counsel issued an RFP for consulting
• services to assist with the committee study on the impact of legislative term limits.
• term. study on the impacts of legislative term limits.
• services to assist with the committee study on the impact of legislative term limits.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The Legislative Procedure and Arrangements Committee met with a quorum, approved the previous meeting minutes, and heard an update from Garty Consulting on the interim study of legislative term limits. The consultants outlined their research plan and preliminary themes, including loss of institutional knowledge, shifts in power toward executive agencies and lobbyists, reduced long-term policy capacity, faster leadership turnover, and recruitment/support challenges. They also described possible recommendation categories ranging from constitutional and statutory changes to procedural and cultural adjustments. Committee members asked about how other states repealed term limits, how the public survey would address perceptions of term limits, and how stakeholder focus groups would be selected. The committee also heard a presentation from NCSL on term limits in other states, including examples from Nevada, Montana, and Colorado, with discussion of training programs, staffing changes, annual-session debates, bill limits, and impacts on decorum and leadership continuity. Several members requested follow-up data on part-time versus full-time legislatures, taxpayer costs, and nonpartisan staff devoted to oversight. The committee then considered revisions to the legislature’s workplace harassment policy and related forms. Legislative Council explained changes that clarified the definition of harassment, added captions for readability, extended several deadlines, allowed informal resolution before a review panel is appointed, clarified the role of Legislative Council in intake and documentation, and updated confidentiality/open-records language. Members, especially Senator Hogan, said the revisions better formalize the role of counsel and provide a less intimidating path for resolving complaints. The committee adopted the revised policy and forms by roll call vote. Finally, the committee approved a motion to enter executive session at 1:00 p.m. to review the results of a capital threat assessment and discuss legislator security, citing the applicable open-meetings exemptions. Members were instructed to limit discussion to the stated purpose and not take final action until returning to open session.

Transcript Highlights:

• There were also two studies related to the special ed funding study that we recently completed and two
• And with that, we will move on to our first study, which is the cannabis market study.
• We reviewed LCB's studies of the canopy statewide. These studies are from 2019, 2020, and 2024.
• So the second legislative Provide reliable client data to us for this study.
• studies.

Summary: At the May 14, 2025 JLARC meeting, members approved the January 9 minutes and adopted the 2025–27 biennial work plan with a minor typo correction. Staff reviewed the new work plan studies, including a drug take-back program fee/expenditure review due in December 2025 and a state energy performance standard compliance review due in June 2027, and noted JLARC’s recent session activity, including several bills passed related to JLARC work and recommendations. The committee then heard a preliminary cannabis market study showing Washington businesses likely produced two to three times more cannabis than retailers sold in 2023. Staff and RAND said LCB’s data systems are incomplete and unreliable, limiting regulation, tax verification, and diversion tracking; they recommended that LCB submit a plan by year-end for collecting accurate data by the end of 2026. Members and LCB discussed the long timeline for a new traceability system, the causes of missing sales and weight data, overproduction, diversion, and the social equity program’s effect on producer licenses. JLARC also presented a preliminary hospital oversight report concluding that the Department of Health is late on many hospital inspections, does not verify third-party inspection standards, does not review adverse health event correction plans, and could make hospital data more accessible. The committee discussed fee funding, language access, and inspection timing, and DOH said it would work on a strategic plan and continue coordinating with JLARC. Members also heard a preliminary report on the public records survivor exemption, which found agencies are using it but need more guidance; JLARC recommended keeping the exemption and having the Attorney General provide additional training. Finally, the committee approved the DDA processes and staffing final report for distribution, which recommended performance metrics, stronger data quality controls, and workforce planning; DDA concurred. JLARC also introduced proposed study questions for a future DCYF juvenile rehabilitation review focused on safety, security, programs, staffing, education, and contraband, and the meeting adjourned after members asked about scope and facility conditions.

Transcript Highlights:

• study, and the Rearden study.
• study and and and the rearen study both study and and and the rearen study both of<00:20:09.600> them
• It has been mentioned in the studies and findings of this legislation, and we're very much in support
• That we are supporting legislation about medical care with flawed studies.
• of studies. of studies.

Bills: HB0117, HB0126

Keywords: informed consent, abortion, civil liability, coercion, healthcare rights, fetal heartbeat, termination of pregnancy, medical emergency, Wyoming legislation, rights of minors, healthcare regulations, parental consent, 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill 1582, a Senate amendment, a bill for an act to provide for a legislative management study
• Your committee recommended a study.
• Secretary: House Bill 1566, a bill for an act to provide for a legislative management study relating
• A bill for an act to provide for a legislative management study relating to the implementation of regulations
• to four pages of new legislation.

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and a quorum call showing 46 members present. It then took up multiple House messages and amendments, appointing conference committees on several measures, including SB 2007, SCR 4007, SB 2374, SB 233, and House bills 1029, 1218, and 1022. The chamber also considered a series of House bills on the sixth and 14th orders, often adopting committee amendments before final passage or, in some cases, rejecting the bill outright. Among the major policy items, the Senate passed HB 1524 on regional planning council grants, HB 1143 increasing a food bank appropriation to $10 million, HB 1126 modernizing cosmetology licensing and inspections, HB 1542 making student applications for admission exempt records, HB 1613 regulating law enforcement use of robots, HB 1582 directing a study on false reports and accusations, HB 1214 revising school transportation funding, HB 1448 creating a study on advanced technologies, HB 1280 on drainage project voting rules, HB 1499 protecting records related to federal judges, and several Senate bills returned from the House, including SB 2221, SB 2117, SB 2198, SB 2120, and SB 2214. The Senate also adopted amendments to HB 1541 on septic systems before rejecting it on final passage. Several high-profile bills failed after debate. HB 1566, dealing with kratom regulation, saw an amendment to convert it to a study fail on a 21-25 vote, after which the chamber laid the bill over for one legislative day rather than take final action. HB 1283, which would have eliminated cost-sharing for diagnostic and supplemental breast exams in the state employee plan, was defeated 22-24 after extensive debate over cost, precedent, and insurance impacts. HB 1527, requiring Holocaust education in statute, also failed 22-24, with supporters emphasizing the importance of the subject and opponents arguing curriculum belongs in standards rather than statute. The Senate adjourned after announcements, scheduling its next meeting for Monday, April 14, 2025.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, further study this issue so that we can come up with a more comprehensive solution for future legislation
• . legislate. legislate.
• Lastly, the bill creates yet another legislative study committee to review boards that already exist
• <01:49:36.400> study creates yet another legislative study creates yet another legislative
• so their children can study. so their children can study.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Piece of legislation.
• a qualitative study?
• Drafting of the legislation. And if there are some very serious concerns and there are studies, Mr.
• One was from the Public Education Department and one was from the Legislative Education Study Committee
• So this legislation...

Transcript Highlights:

• , and maybe we need to, you know, filter them through Legislative Management.
• Management funds that are used for studies to also have... ...have this ability for Legislative Management
• You have the governor, you have superintendent, two legislators, four legislators, and then you've got
• and Legislative Management would approve it. ...what they would study and Legislative Management would
• I don't know what a study costs. I mean, what do we got, $700,000 in for a nuclear study?

Keywords: 908, all

Summary: The conference committee met to resolve differences on a bill creating or funding the K-12 Coordination Council. Members discussed the purpose of the council as a research and filtering body for K-12 studies, with several speakers emphasizing that it should draw on field expertise rather than be directed solely by DPI or another agency. They also noted concerns about giving an agency too much control over studies and the desire to have Legislative Management help direct or approve study topics. The House explained that its earlier version had included a $120,000 appropriation, but the amount was removed after concerns arose that the council lacked authority to contract. Committee members discussed whether the council could still be useful with reduced funding and whether it should be able to contract for outside research. One member suggested funding at least enough for a couple of studies, citing an estimate of $30,000 to $40,000 per study and a message from the director requesting at least two studies. A motion was made for the House to recede to the Senate version and further amend Section 2 to reduce the appropriation from $120,000 to $60,000. The motion passed unanimously by roll call, with all members voting yes. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• As you know, Senate Bill 2210 directed the Legislative Management to study the feasibility and desirability
• studies that you had directed us to do last legislative session.
• You had also directed us to fund our legislative directed studies out of discretionary.
• Next, an update on another legislative-directed study from our budget bill last session: the Missouri
• Last update I have for you today is on the legislative-directed studies.

Summary: The Water Topics Overview Committee met to receive interim status updates on several water-related studies and Department of Water Resources projects. The committee approved the March 26, 2026 minutes, observed a moment of silence for the late Representative Conmy, and then heard updates on the watershed management study and the stormwater/wastewater study. Staff reported that the committee had already received the testimony contemplated in the study plans, including input from state agencies, local governments, and out-of-state entities, and that any further action would be at the committee’s discretion. The Department of Water Resources then provided project and budget updates on NAWS and the Southwest Pipeline Project. Reese reported NAWS is expected to serve about 81,000 users, with a total projected cost of about $571 million and about $96 million remaining, while the Southwest Pipeline Project is estimated at $1.06 billion total with about $409 million remaining. Members asked about funding sources, capacity needs, and whether current and future construction is being designed for increased demand; department staff said current work is designed for ultimate capacity, but some future components may need redesign based on new requests. The committee also discussed local cost shares, Minot’s role in NAWS funding, and whether the system is adequate for peak demand. A major portion of the meeting focused on the department’s cash management, carryover, and long-term water funding outlook. The department said Resources Trust Fund revenues are tied to oil extraction taxes and are affected by stripper well exemptions and future oil price declines. Members expressed concern about large carryover balances and whether the state is obligating more money than can realistically be spent in a biennium. The department reported about $340.6 million in remaining carryover and said it is trying to reduce that through a two-tier pre-construction/construction process and closer project vetting. The department also summarized the Deloitte studies on regional governance and finance and on cost-share policy. Stakeholders generally favored keeping the current governance structures for NAWS and Southwest with improvements, while Red River stakeholders leaned toward a different option; the department said it will bring an implementation plan back in September. On cost share, Deloitte’s recommendations would reduce some percentages, prioritize projects differently, and use other measures to close a projected long-term funding gap. Members debated affordability, local burden, deferred maintenance, and whether statutory changes may be needed to allow the commission more flexibility in prioritizing and funding projects. No formal votes or final actions were taken beyond approving the minutes and receiving the updates.

Transcript Highlights:

• In addition to that study, we voted the study that we voted on last year, eight bills were sent to us
• Lark is also charged to study the same thing?
• There is a tremendous amount to be studied.
• legislation.
• So, you know, like you said, ...have such legislation.

Keywords: Technology and Science, Joint Commission on, 976, house, all

Summary: The commission opened its first 2026 meeting by calling the roll, confirming a quorum, welcoming new members, and reelecting Delegate Cliff Hayes as chair and Senator Barbara Favola as vice chair. Members also adopted the commission’s annual virtual participation policy, which allows remote participation but does not permit virtual attendance to count toward a quorum. The commission then heard an introductory presentation from VITA CIO Mike Watson, who outlined the agency’s mission and structure, including cybersecurity, infrastructure, governance, and procurement. He emphasized VITA’s role in protecting state systems, managing statewide technology contracts, overseeing major contract recompetes, and developing an approach to artificial intelligence that keeps a human in the loop. Members asked about AI executive orders, cybersecurity support for localities, and what the General Assembly could do to help VITA serve state and local partners; Watson stressed the need for clear policy direction, process modernization, and guardrails that allow innovation without reckless deployment. Executive Director Jody Coon presented the 2026 work plan, including a schedule of meetings, a broader focus on science topics, and planned presentations from Virginia Sea Grant, the Hampton Roads Sanitation District, and a health-tech company. She reviewed prior commission recommendations, noted that several AI-related bills were not introduced in 2026 because of the federal executive order, and outlined this year’s studies and deliverables, including workgroups on .gov domains and caller ID accuracy, a study on age verification, a brief on companion chatbots, and a major study on independent verification organizations. The commission discussed whether the AI study would duplicate work by another legislative body and agreed to proceed with coordination and to include best practices and other-state comparisons in resource briefs; the work plan was then adopted. Dr. Kira Allman and Steve Wimmer provided presentations on federal and state AI policy. They described recent White House executive actions, including an executive order and national framework that seek to preempt burdensome state AI laws, and explained how those actions have chilled some state legislation, especially where BEAD broadband funding could be affected. They also reviewed how different states have responded—some pulling back, others moving ahead with AI bills on chatbots, deepfakes, transparency, and child protections—and suggested Virginia focus on carve-outs, state-specific applicability, regulatory sandboxes, and coordination with other states. Members debated the balance between innovation and guardrails, the risks of federal retaliation, and the need to protect children and address AI harms while avoiding unnecessary conflict with federal policy.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm an ethnic studies teacher.
• My name is Monica Robles and I'm a former ethnic studies teacher and a future ethnic studies master's
• I'm an ethnic studies instructor.
• Ethnic Studies, its curriculum is the culprit here. We are neutral on this unnecessary legislation.
• enshrining in legislation?

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• As you know, Senate Bill 2210 directed the Legislative Management to study the feasibility and desirability
• As you know, Senate Bill 2210 directed the Legislative Management to study the feasibility and desirability
• studies that you had directed us to do last legislative session.
• Next, an update on another legislative-directed study from our budget bill last session: the Missouri
• Last update I have for you today is on the legislative-directed studies.

Keywords: 908, all

Transcript Highlights:

• As you know, Senate Bill 2210 directed the Legislative Management to study the feasibility and desirability
• As you know, Senate Bill 2210 directed the Legislative Management to study the feasibility and desirability
• studies that you had directed us to do last legislative session.
• Next, an update on another legislative-directed study from our budget bill last session: the Missouri
• Last update I have for you today is on the legislative-directed studies.

Summary: The Water Topics Overview Committee met to review several interim studies and receive updates from the Department of Water Resources. The committee approved the March 26, 2026 minutes, observed a moment of silence for the late Representative Conmy, and welcomed Representative Hansen to the committee. Staff then reported that the watershed management study and the stormwater/wastewater study had both satisfied the presentation requirements in their study directives, with no further required testimony unless members wanted additional information. The department’s main presentation focused on major water projects and agency operations. Reese Haas and staff updated members on the NAWS project, the Southwest Pipeline Project, Devils Lake outlet operations, low-head dam safety work, floodplain management repository implementation, data center water use, and the 2027 Water Development Plan. Members asked detailed questions about NAWS funding sources, remaining project costs, capacity concerns for All Seasons and other users, and whether current construction is being designed for future demand. The department said NAWS remains on track for substantial completion by October, that remaining NAWS funding will come from a mix of federal, state, and local sources, and that current construction is designed for ultimate capacity while some future components will be adjusted for increased demand. A large portion of the meeting was devoted to the department’s cash management, Resources Trust Fund revenues, carryover balances, and the State Water Commission’s cost-share program. The department reported $340.6 million in carryover remaining, explained that much of it is already obligated to long-term projects, and noted that oil price forecasts and stripper-well exemptions will affect future revenues. Members raised concerns about large carryovers, affordability for local sponsors, and whether the state should continue obligating money multiple bienniums ahead. The department said it is working with the commission on a revised prioritization framework, including high/moderate/low project categories and a two-tier pre-construction/construction approach, to better manage obligations and affordability. The committee also reviewed Deloitte’s finalized studies on regional governance/finance and cost-share policy. Deloitte presented options for Southwest, NAWS, and Red River governance, with stakeholders generally favoring keeping NAWS largely as is, using the current Southwest model with improvements, and pursuing a more structured governance option for Red River. On cost share, the department said Deloitte’s recommended package would cover projected needs through the 2030s, but would require policy changes such as lower percentages for some project types, a 25% replacement-project rate with a cap, and possible bonding or delayed reimbursement strategies. No votes were taken on these policy questions, and the chair indicated the committee would continue the discussion at future basin meetings and the September Water Topics meeting.