Transcript Highlights:

• So you click on that and basically go through that process and eventually get to a Google Drive that
• Drive that has all those items posted.
• And in full disclosure, I drive a diesel. Mr.
• If you'd like, I can talk, you know, kind of drive you on that offline and guide you through that.
• Jump across the interchange, drive back down the other road and try to get to a friend's road and get

Bills: SB2 , SB2

Committees: Senate Senate Finance , Senate House Appropriations & Finance

Keywords: SB 2, State Highway Project Bonds, highway funding, transportation bonds, state road fund, motor vehicle fees, vehicle registration fees, electric vehicle fee, EV surcharge, plug-in hybrid fee, weight distance tax, road construction, infrastructure financing, Department of Transportation, State Transportation Commission, bonding authority, county road funds, municipal road funds, transportation improvement program, state highways

Transcript Highlights:

• In fact, driving up the cost of a lot of these projects by 20... ...to 40% is what I'm being told.
• People can't crash a car if they're not driving. I ask that you vote against the bill.
• They're not driving. I ask that you vote against the bill. Thank you.
• We're not here—but that doesn't mean that I'm trading that off from driving somewhere.
• But that doesn't mean that I I'm treatment trading that off of from driving somewhere.

Summary: The committee took up House File 748, a bill revising Minnesota’s transportation greenhouse gas and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) impact assessment requirements for trunk highway projects. The chair first moved and adopted the A2 author’s amendment and then the A3 amendment, which was described as adding implementation time and project exemptions when federal dollars are available. The bill author explained that the measure responds to concerns from stakeholders that the current law can force costly mitigation, delay or stop safety and capacity projects, and create uncertainty because key implementation details are still being developed by a technical advisory committee. Testimony was split. County and city engineers, county commissioners, the Minnesota Transportation Alliance, and the Coalition of Greater Minnesota Cities generally supported the bill, arguing that the current requirements can add 20% to 40% or more to project costs, are difficult to administer, and could jeopardize critical safety improvements, congestion relief, and federal funding. They cited examples such as Scott County and Trunk Highway 65, and said VMT mitigation is especially hard to quantify and fund. Opponents, including Move Minnesota and Sierra Club, argued that safety and climate goals are not in conflict, that reducing driving can save lives and reduce pollution, and that the bill would weaken an important tool for cutting transportation emissions. Members also asked about how GHG and VMT are measured, whether the required assessment was ready, and who would be responsible for mitigation assets and costs. After discussion, the committee held a roll call vote. The bill, as amended, passed 8-7 and was moved to the General Register.

Transcript Highlights:

• And whenever you have an issue that has the potential, the very good potential, to drive up health care
• And whenever you have an issue that has the potential, the very good potential, to drive up health care
• But I didn't understand the part when you talked about driving up health costs.
• How do you see this bill driving up health costs? If you'll allow me to— You recognize, Mr. Ray.
• It will drive new doctors, young doctors, and doctors at the cutting edge out of this state.

Committee: Senate Judiciary

Summary: The Senate Judiciary Committee heard three bills. SB 514, by Senator Harrell, clarified that medical quality review committees used by managing entities are treated like other medical review committees for purposes of civil liability and public records protections. The committee adopted a Harrell amendment removing the word “malpractice” from the title, heard support from the Florida Hospital Association, Florida Association of Managing Entities, and Florida Smart Justice Alliance, and then voted 11-0 to report the bill favorably. The committee then took up SB 734, by Senator Yarborough, which would repeal the current wrongful death exception that bars certain parents and adult children from recovering non-economic damages in medical negligence cases. The bill drew extensive testimony from families describing deaths they said were caused by medical negligence and from supporters including AARP and the Florida Justice Association, while opponents from the health care, insurance, and business sectors argued it would raise malpractice premiums, increase litigation, worsen physician shortages, and reduce access to care. After debate, the committee voted 9-2 to report the bill favorably. Finally, SB 538, by Senator Bradley, was presented as the state courts legislative package. It updates court operations by clarifying duty judge requirements, removing a location limit on duty hearings, repealing a cap on arbitrator compensation in court-ordered non-binding arbitration, and allowing alternative judicial authentication of oaths and acknowledgments when a court seal is unavailable. The bill received supportive waiver forms from the Florida Bar ADR section and several judges, and was reported favorably on an 11-0 vote. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• shows that it's going to be very little impact, most states that have already adopted this, they have drives
• And what you'd be open to us is adding some language to encourage a duffel bag drive?
• encouraging the department to do a, what, annual or bi-annual or semi-annual, to do an annual duffel bag drive
• And my thought on that is, just like we do toy drives and canned good drives.

Committee: House Health and Welfare

Summary: The House Committee on Health and Welfare met on March 24 with a quorum present. The committee first voluntarily deferred House Bills 184 and 902. It then considered HB 557 by Rep. DeWitt, which defines long-term care pharmacies in Louisiana law to distinguish them from retail pharmacies and align state terminology with federal requirements. The author and a pharmacy representative testified that long-term care pharmacies serve nursing homes and similar facilities with specialized packaging, delivery, and consultant services. The committee adopted a technical amendment and reported the bill favorably with amendments. The committee next heard HB 584 by Rep. Boyd and Taylor, which addresses the practice of giving foster children garbage bags to move their belongings between placements and instead requires the use of duffel bags or similar luggage. Testimony emphasized the dignity issue for children in foster care and noted that DCFS had already begun transitioning to duffel bags. Members discussed whether the bill needed a fiscal note or dual referral, and DCFS testified that the practice had already been underway for about six months and would not require additional funds. The committee adopted amendments clarifying that the bag should follow the child and reported the bill favorably with amendments. Finally, the committee took up HB 747 by Rep. Miller, which combines the medical psychologist license and certificate of advanced practice, eliminates the separate certificate, lowers fees, and reduces red tape. Supporters from the Louisiana Academy of Medical Psychologists and others were noted, and the committee reported the bill favorably. Throughout the meeting, members also discussed possible future wording changes on HB 584 and briefly recessed at the end of the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Most states that have already adopted this have drives to donate bags as well.
• And would you be open to us adding some language to encourage a duffel bag drive? Yeah, absolutely.
• encouraging the department to do a, what, annual or biannual or semiannual, to do an annual duffel bag drive
• And my thought on that is, just like we do toy drives and canned good drives.

Bills: HB184 , HB235 , HB546 , HB557 , HB584 , HB747 , HB902 , HB930

Committee: House Health and Welfare

Keywords: charitable pharmacy, healthcare fees, outpatient prescription, exemption, Louisiana Department of Health, sewerage systems, individual systems, community systems, local governance, legislation, installation regulations, protective custody, peace officers, mental health, emergency medical services, involuntary admission, long-term care, healthcare, pharmacy, residents

Transcript Highlights:

• side charging them, that sort of thing, somebody mixing chemicals, somebody filling drones, somebody driving
• But that part of it and the other part is my concern was also driving a drone.
• I've been involved in a lot of application, and frankly, I don't think you want me driving a drone.
• , they may not be a licensed applicator, but by and large, they're absolutely the most skilled at driving
• To me, that's the financial driver, and I'm kind of concerned, you know, who gets to drive the drone

Committee: House Agricultural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:

• My journey from Ready to advocate and drive meaningful change.
• But it's time that our voices be the ones driving that narrative.
• But it's time that our voices be the ones driving that narrative.
• and continue to drive that voice of Indian people?
• That's what drives me.

Summary: The Select Committee on Native American Affairs held a historic hearing at Table Mountain Rancheria focused on tribal education, culture, resilience, leadership, and trust. The opening prayer and remarks emphasized the significance of holding the first committee hearing on tribal land. Members said the hearing was intended both to hear testimony about ongoing problems in schools and to identify next steps for legislation and policy, especially as the session neared its end. The committee also referenced recent efforts supporting Native students’ right to wear regalia at graduation and broader concerns about representation in education and state institutions. The first panel centered on Native students’ experiences in public schools. Bella Garcia described a two-year fight with Clovis Unified over wearing tribal regalia at graduation, including a restrictive approval form and administrators who she said denied Native identity and made her feel invisible. Morningstar Ghali connected those experiences to the legacy of boarding schools, racial profiling, suspensions, and the “boarding school to prison pipeline,” and called for culturally responsive education, Native educators, counselors, Native studies, and restorative justice. Janet K. Bill, from the Attorney General’s Office of Native American Affairs, described her own path from tribal Head Start to Stanford, law school, tribal council, and state service, and said education, justice, and sovereignty are linked. Members asked about restorative justice, representation, and how to build pipelines into leadership and education roles. The second panel focused on solutions. Chairwoman Michelle Heredia Cordova urged a reimagined education system that is more personalized, experiential, culturally grounded, and balanced with land-based learning, while also recruiting Native teachers and creating stronger tribal partnerships. Chairman Leo Sisku said schools should educate educators, stop tokenizing Native students, and create accountability and consequences for discriminatory behavior; he also supported stronger tribal-school partnerships and more positive outreach. Chairman Fred Bean emphasized consistent engagement from tribal leaders at every level of schooling, stronger transitions from elementary to college, and programs that prepare Native youth for leadership, trades, and higher education. Chairman Shaineto of Tule River argued that schools and administrators should face consequences for violating Native students’ rights, and that Native people should not have to keep educating institutions about basic cultural respect. Committee members responded by discussing possible statewide solutions, including regional tribal boards, better enforcement of existing laws, stronger pipelines into teaching and leadership, and improved representation on boards and in state agencies. Several members raised the need to implement existing laws, fill vacant Native appointments, and consider broader protections for Native regalia and cultural expression. No formal vote was taken in the transcript, but the hearing concluded with a clear call for continued collaboration, accountability, and legislation driven by Native voices.

Transcript Highlights:

• they work with those parents, this is the key, as they work with those parents and as a community, driving
• , driving, driving local control, that's where I think we get that.
• Otherwise, if families are reporting that they're driving two hours to seek care, they may be able to
• Otherwise, if families are reporting that they're driving two hours to seek care, they may be able to
• So there's involvement by all kinds of outside organizations that seem to me, to myself, to be driving

Committee: House Education

Transcript Highlights:

• So I'm turning in a catalytic converter for money based on my own vehicle that I'm driving?
• Generally, for one- So I'm turning in a catalytic converter for money based on my own vehicle that I'm driving
• And I think this bill kind of drives at the heart of that.” “Great. Thank you both very much.
• “And it’s all because of this drive in social media that we’re, you know, these kids just aren’t mentally
• capable of handling that kind of interaction that the algorithms drive that way.

Committees: House Emerging Issues , House Emerging Issues and Professional Registration

Transcript Highlights:

• And now in this digital age, ownership of stock and things like that are digits on a hard drive computer
• But it does help people who have to do the 90-minute drive each way back and forth, which is something
• But it does help people who have to do the 90-minute drive each way back and forth, which is something
• But what I appreciate about this is it's essentially, I think, driving the scope of practice down to.
• It's essentially, I think, driving the scope of practice down to an appropriate level.

Committee: Senate Commerce and Human Resources

Transcript Highlights:

• it's in northern Arizona, southern, or right here in Maricopa County, our focus is always going to drive
• within that activity-based strategy to make sure that they know what to see and do within a 45-minute drive
• it's in northern Arizona, southern, or right here in Maricopa County, our focus is always going to drive
• Alex brings steady and very experienced leadership and a true deep understanding of how tourism drives
• And then in smaller rural areas, it is that outdoor recreation and those iconic sites that are driving

Committee: Senate Director Nominations

Transcript Highlights:

• What we found, and there's no graphic on this, is that what's primarily driving the spending increase
• The other thing that we took a look at, what we did was deconstructuring... driving the spending, spend
• would argue, 10 years later, that it hasn't been a resounding success and a critical component in driving
• They can be a catalyst for change, and they can be used to drive efficiencies at the universities.
• This is a comprehensive analytical framework that can help drive, be a catalyst for change, and drive

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Higher Education

Summary: The Appropriations Committee on Higher Education met to hear two presentations focused on the state university system: an update from the Board of Governors on performance-based funding and a state university efficiency study from Ben Watkins of the Division of Bond Finance. Chair Harrell emphasized accountability, maintaining Florida’s top-ranked higher education system, and getting the best return on state investment. A quorum was present, with several senators excused and one arriving later in the meeting. Sarah Donaghi outlined changes to the performance-based funding model. She said the current model will be used for 2026-27 funding, with only minor benchmark changes for metrics tied to programs of strategic emphasis, reflecting a statutory review that reduced the list of designated programs from about 800 to about 200. She also described a new “PBF 2.0” framework approved by the Board of Governors for implementation in 2027-28 funding, which will combine excellence and improvement measures, update benchmarks to the SUS 2030 strategic plan, reduce “layups” where many schools score perfect tens, expand the affordability metric to include students without loans, remove SUS transfer students from certain graduation metrics, and create a new transfer-student outcome metric. The board will run the new model alongside the current one before using it for funding, and no funding changes will occur this year. Watkins presented findings from an eight-month efficiency study ordered by executive order. Using audited financial data, student outcome data, and personnel data, he concluded that Florida’s universities provide strong value because of low tuition, rising degree production, and improved job placement and earnings outcomes. He said tuition remains the lowest in the country and that state support has increased, while per-student spending has also risen, driven largely by payroll costs. He argued that universities should operate more like business enterprises, with more granular budgeting, clearer financial reporting, and efficiency metrics such as operating expense per student and cost per degree, and he recommended that such measures be incorporated into performance funding and board oversight. Committee members asked about national comparisons, data transparency, payroll growth, admissions selectivity, and whether legislation should require more detailed institutional reporting. The meeting ended with no public comment and adjournment after Senator Bracey Davis moved to adjourn.

Transcript Highlights:

• Conditions of the sale include the grantee applying for a drive permit from the town of Exeter and obtaining
• Conditions of the sale include the grantee applying for a drive permit from the town of Exeter and obtaining
• The grantee shall also be responsible for obtaining a drive permit from New Hampshire DOT District 3
• The grantee shall also be responsible for obtaining a drive permit from New Hampshire DOT District 3
• </c> be responsible for obtaining a drive be responsible for obtaining a drive permit<00:22:21.039><c

Summary: The Long Range Capital Planning and Utilization Committee met and first approved the June 30, 2025 meeting minutes. The committee then took up a series of Department of Transportation property actions, including authorization to grant an access point in Exeter, sell two small tracts in Keene, amend a prior Guilford disposal based on a revised survey and appraisal, sell 0.42 acres in Lincoln, list and sell 9.77 acres in Chesterfield, sell 0.54 acres in Fremont, and approve a permanent access easement in Belmont. The committee also approved a utility easement in Albany and a permanent access easement on Route 153 for the Bickfords. Most of these items involved direct sales or listings, administrative fees of $1,100, and conditions requiring surveys and local/state approvals; several were approved unanimously after brief or no questions. Representative Faulkner declared a conflict of interest on the Chesterfield item, and Representative Newman sat in for that matter; later, Faulkner was recused from the Belmont item as well. The committee also approved a Department of Administrative Services request to grant a perpetual utility line easement to Public Service Company of New Hampshire for a facility under construction at the Hampstead hospital property, with the administrative fee waived because the grant was in exchange for utility service. During discussion of informational item LRCP25-038, staff explained that no committee action was needed because the item was only to notify members that a parcel’s fair market value had been reduced due to a change in access. The committee received additional informational materials from the New Hampshire Council on Resources and Development, including minutes from its May 8 meeting and memorandums on surplus land review for Meredith and Hampstead. The next meeting was set for December 9 at 9:30 a.m. at Granite Place, Room 228, and the chair noted the meeting would be on a Tuesday because of building scheduling. The committee then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• This bond bill will drive targeted investment.
• The Community Reinvestment Fund, this bond bill will drive targeted investments into small development
• So we're concerned this measure will further drive up the cost of mortgage loans in California.
• So we're concerned this measure will further drive up the cost of mortgage loans in California, make
• And so that's the main point that I want to drive home is that we are serving, our members are serving

Summary: The Assembly Banking and Finance Committee met to hear several bills, beginning with a consent calendar that included AB 665 and AB 866, both adopted on a do pass basis and referred to Appropriations. The committee then took up AB 801, which would create a California Community Reinvestment Act to require covered financial institutions, including state-chartered banks, credit unions, residential mortgage lenders, and money transmitters, to meet the financial needs of low- and moderate-income communities and communities of color. The author and supporters argued the bill would close gaps left by the federal CRA, address redlining and discriminatory lending, and expand investment in housing, small business, and community development. Support came from community groups, CDFIs, labor, and housing advocates, while opposition from mortgage bankers and credit unions argued the bill would impose costly new reporting and regulatory burdens, especially on institutions they said already serve underserved borrowers well. Committee members discussed the scope of the bill, the experience of other states with state CRA laws, and possible carve-outs or tiered treatment for smaller credit unions. AB 801 was passed as amended and referred to Appropriations, with the roll left open and later completed; one member voted no and others were not voting or voted aye as the roll was finalized. The committee also heard AB 743, which would require licensing and surety bonds for commercial lawsuit financing and bring those transactions under DFPI oversight. The author said the bill was aimed at a largely unregulated, multi-billion-dollar industry and was intended to increase transparency and address concerns about foreign interests, fraud, and abusive litigation funding practices, while not affecting consumer legal funding. Supporters, including Unified Patents, the Civil Justice Association of California, the California Chamber of Commerce, the California Trucking Association, and the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, said the bill was an important first step toward disclosure and regulation. There was no opposition testimony. AB 743 passed unanimously as amended and was referred to Appropriations, with the roll held open briefly for absent members before the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• And I was thinking to myself, a brain surgeon has no business driving around 20-year-old me.
• And I was thinking to myself, a brain surgeon has no business driving around 20-year-old me.
• And I was thinking to myself, a brain surgeon has no business driving around 20-year-old me.
• What about the EMS guys that get paid and still drive a lot, like say 65,000 miles a year?
• What about the EMS guys that get paid and still drive a lot, like say 65,000 miles a year?

Committee: Senate State and Local Government

Transcript Highlights:

• Many folks are forced to drive long distances, wait in long lines, and deal with people they never met
• </c><00:11:40.560><c> are</c><00:11:40.720><c> forced</c><00:11:41.079><c> to</c><00:11:41.240><c> drive
• </c> kuckian many folks are forced to drive kuckian many folks are forced to drive long<00:11:42.079>
• I feel for the little old man and lady that have to drive for hours, or an hour, to get somewhere, not
• for hours an hour to get have to drive for hours an hour to get somewhere<00:13:20.639><c> not</c><00

Summary: The House Transportation Committee held its first meeting of the 2025 session, established a quorum, welcomed new members and staff, and reviewed basic committee procedures, including phone silence, speaking through the chair, and the 24-hour amendment rule. The chair then moved to the agenda, which consisted of two bills. House Bill 15, sponsored by Representative Rudy, would lower Kentucky’s learner’s permit age to 15 to match surrounding states. Supporters said it would give parents more choice and help young drivers get licensed earlier; one member explained her yes vote by describing strong support from middle school students. The bill passed the committee with favorable expression, with Representative Lehman voting no and others voting yes. House Bill 161, sponsored by Representative Jackson, would allow third-party entities to process driver’s license renewals, not initial licenses. Jackson said the goal was to improve access after the state reduced renewal locations from county offices to regional centers, creating long travel times and long waits, especially for rural and older residents. He said the third-party model could be used by approved businesses or agencies, with an average added fee of about $2 to $5, and that it would still require the same vision-screening process. Members asked about Real ID renewals, timing, local testing options, and eye exam requirements. The bill also received favorable expression, and the committee adjourned after completing the agenda.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><04:15:24.119><c> on</c><04:15:24.359><c> safe</c> ones can drive on safe ones can drive on safe
• higher levels of impaired driving.
• </c><04:16:40.279><c> while</c> prior convictions of driving while prior convictions of driving while
• </c><04:18:02.560><c> is</c> outlined in part seven drunk driving is outlined in part seven drunk driving
• </c><05:11:50.600><c> a</c> end up in the ER this will drive a end up in the ER this will drive a uncompensated

Transcript Highlights:

• . drives. drives.
• </c> at Winona State have some blood drives. at Winona State have some blood drives.
• </c> they don't have blood drives. they don't have blood drives.
• </c> And not all campuses have blood drives. And not all campuses have blood drives.
• </c> collaborate across sectors and drive collaborate across sectors and drive change<00:09:12.720><c

Committee: Senate Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:

• Driving under the influence of nitrous oxide can impair drivers and cause accidents.
• And as we all know, drunk driving is such a devastating issue to so many.
• with murder, go to California, get drunk, and drive a car.
• When someone drinks and drives, they're turning a car into a weapon.
• , speeding, reckless driving, and other road safety matters.

Summary: The committee heard several bills, though no final votes were taken because a quorum had not yet been established. SB 493 by Senator Becker would add war or armed conflict to California’s price-gouging emergency triggers, with the author and supporters arguing it would protect consumers from gas-price spikes tied to international conflict. Opponents, including business and housing groups, warned the bill could over-trigger emergency powers and create broad, ongoing price controls. The chair indicated support for an aye-as-amended recommendation once quorum was reached. SB 1056 by Senator Grayson would require protective orders for disclosure of sexually explicit material involving adult victims in specified criminal cases. Denise Huskins-Quinn and Aaron Quinn testified in support, describing how sensitive evidence in their case was copied and handled without adequate safeguards; supporters said the bill would extend privacy protections similar to those already used for child sexual abuse material. Criminal defense attorneys supported the goal but raised concerns about notice procedures and how the bill would apply when material is in the public domain. The chair said the bill filled a gap in existing law and would receive an aye recommendation. SB 1208 by Senator Grayson would let law enforcement seize and return crypto assets used in scams and fraud to victims. The Attorney General’s office and law enforcement groups supported the bill as a tool to recover losses from transnational crypto fraud, while the ACLU and public defenders argued it lowered the burden of proof, raised constitutional concerns, and could be misused against unbanked or low-level defendants. The chair nevertheless said the bill aligned with existing law for stolen property and would be recommended aye. SB 874 by Senator Weber-Pearson would strengthen oversight of Medi-Cal behavioral health treatment services, including requiring background checks for employees of providers and convening a stakeholder workgroup; it drew support from the California Association for Behavior Analysis and no opposition was heard. Later, SB 1266 by Senator Stern would change how the value of stolen copper and related infrastructure damage is calculated, aiming to address copper theft and its costs to cities and utilities. Supporters said the bill would better capture the real harm from thefts that disrupt streetlights, telecom, and emergency services, while opponents argued it would inflate charges, turn many misdemeanors into felonies, and increase court and incarceration costs. The author said he would continue discussions and accept the amendments. Senator Cervantes presented SB 1379, which would separate the Riverside County sheriff and coroner offices and create an independent medical examiner; supporters cited in-custody death concerns and conflicts of interest, while opponents said the problem was not unique to Riverside and that the bill would override local control. Cervantes also presented SB 1418 to extend ballot-custody protections to other election records and equipment after a Riverside County ballot seizure, with support from the Attorney General’s office. Finally, Senator Blakespear began presenting SB 936 on nitrous oxide misuse, describing public health, impaired-driving, and disposal concerns, but the transcript cuts off before the bill’s testimony concluded.

Transcript Highlights:

• If I could respond to that, trucks are limited in how many hours they can drive.
• on trucks as they're driving down the highway.
• If I could respond to that, trucks are limited in how many hours they can drive.
• I know we all drive in the snow and sometimes drive for hours while it's snowing, and it doesn't really
• They will be driving, and then who gets arrested and who has to pay?

Summary: The House convened with quorum, offered prayers and moments of silence for community members who had recently died, and recognized several guests and family members in the chamber. After routine communications and passage of consent calendar 29, the chamber took up a series of measures on the main and colored agendas, with several bills and resolutions passing by voice vote or roll call. Among the measures approved were House Concurrent Resolution 157, which as amended requested a State Lottery report on options to support traditional lottery retailers; Senate Bill 53 on the Delaware Farm to Community Program; Senate Bill 307 on PSC authority for Lifeline telecommunications carriers; Senate Bill 339 clarifying health directive forms in mental health facilities; Senate Bill 235 on manufactured home community rent increases; Senate Bill 325, as amended, updating fire prevention and volunteer fire/EMS background check rules; Senate Bill 309 on inmate work and discharge of incarceration-related balances; Senate Bill 324 on deadly weapons and constable agency representatives; Senate Bill 293 on youth camp child care licensing; Senate Bill 94 on respiratory care practitioners and ECMO medication delivery; and Senate Substitute 2 for Senate Bill 100, proposing a constitutional amendment protecting the right to marry regardless of race or gender while preserving religious freedom. House Bill 188, changing Delaware primary elections to allow unaffiliated voters to choose a party primary, also passed after debate. Two measures drew extended discussion and amendments. Senate Bill 233, requiring snow and ice to be removed from vehicles, was tabled once, then later amended and passed after debate over whether the law was workable for truck drivers and other vehicle operators; a proposed truck-related exemption amendment failed. House Substitute 1 for House Bill 404, creating a pilot program for artificial intelligence and extended reality in schools, passed after testimony from the Department of Education emphasizing guardrails, privacy, and educator oversight, alongside concerns from members about data, bias, and long-term effects. Several items were tabled or reconsidered during the session, and the House adjourned after completing the day’s business.