Transcript Highlights:

• We look at the existing $9 million spending ceiling for the land conservation fund.
• specialist for Legacy Land Conservation specialist for Legacy Land Conservation in<00:14:29.279>
• The Nature Conservancy with comments. The Nature Conservancy with comments.
• Um, so it'll actually lead to more money going into the land conservation fund.
• <00:20:02.799> Um, into the land conservation fund. Um, into the land conservation fund.

Bills: HB1719, HB1742, HB1737, HB2049, HB1725, HB1726, HB1738, HB1799, HB1700

Keywords: housing crisis, manufactured homes, factory-built housing, zoning, relocatable housing units, farm employee housing, agriculture, Hawaii Revised Statutes, agricultural districts, land use, regulation, renewable energy, community development, housing, affordable housing, real estate, state regulation, building codes, construction, permitting

Summary: The joint public hearing covered several housing-related bills and one building-code measure. HB 1719 would make manufactured homes a permitted use by right on residentially zoned lots in the urban district, HB 1742 would authorize self-contained relocatable housing units with restrictions, and HB 1737 would clarify that a farm dwelling in an agricultural district may include an accessory employee housing structure. Testimony on these bills was overwhelmingly supportive from groups including Hawaii Realtors, Grassroot Institute of Hawaii, Housing Hawaii’s Future, the Modular Building Institute, the Hawaii Farmers Union, and others, with a few agencies offering comments. No one testified in opposition on HB 1719 or HB 1742, while HB 1737 drew one opposition and one comment in addition to broad support. No votes were taken during the hearing segment provided. A major portion of the hearing focused on HB 2049, which restructures the conveyance tax into a marginal-rate system and changes how the revenue is allocated, including funding for the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the rental housing revolving fund, while also affecting the legacy land conservation fund. Supporters, including DHHL, Hawaii Appleseed, Aahu Youth Action Board, Hawaii YIMBY, and others, argued the bill would help Native Hawaiian housing and, for most transactions, function as a tax cut. Opponents, including NAP Hawaii, Hawaii Realtors, Hawaii Land Trust, Mhai Land Trust, and the Tax Foundation of Hawaii, objected to using conveyance tax as a revenue-generating tool and raised concerns about higher upfront costs and reduced funding for other housing uses. Committee members and staff discussed the bill’s revenue estimates, the reduced percentage but higher cap for the land conservation fund, the effect on rental housing funding, and the bill’s cost-of-living adjustment language; staff said a line-by-line comparison of the current and proposed tax structure would be provided before decision-making. The hearing also took up HB 1725, which would extend the state building code adoption cycle from two years to six years, apply the IRC to triplexes and fourplexes, allow counties to adopt more or less stringent amendments, and appropriate funds for code adoption work. Most testimony supported the bill, with advocates saying the current process is unmanageable, too resource-intensive, and creates confusion because state and county codes can diverge; supporters said a longer cycle would improve clarity and allow more focused review. The International Code Council and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers opposed the measure, warning that delaying adoption could have negative consequences and urging the committee to let an existing statewide code-adoption strategy proceed first. Members asked about sequencing, county implementation, and whether the longer cycle would create catch-up problems, but no action was taken in the excerpt provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• <00:01:23.479> and<00:01:23.680> Coastal Kane office of conservation and Coastal Kane
• <00:04:12.640> and is to pres enhance protect conserve and is to pres enhance protect conserve
• resource conservation resource conservation resource enforcement enforcement enforcement 45.5%
• conservation 45.5% again in conservation resourc<02:09:53.880> natural resourc natural resourc
• Not really a conservation enforcement issue exactly.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Third reading of the bill: An Act authorizing the appointment of alternate members to the Conservation
• An Act authorizing the appointment of alternate members to the Conservation Commission of the Town of
• Third reading of the bill: An Act providing for alternate members of the Conservation Commission of the

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House opened with the Pledge of Allegiance and then took up several committee reports and procedural motions. It adopted congratulatory resolutions for Fire Chief Michael Sullivan of Wakefield and Joan Smith of Abington, and approved an extension until December 7, 2025 for the Committee on Public Health to report on current House documents. The House also concurred with a Senate referral of a petition on assisted living billing practices to the Committee on Housing, and suspended Joint Rule 12 to send two additional petitions to committee: one on penalties for reckless or negligent vehicle operation and another designating May 2 as Veterinary Youth Day. The Committee on Steering, Policy and Scheduling recommended six House bills for consideration, and the House suspended Rule 7A to take them up on second reading. Those bills concerned the Great Barrington Fire District, a technical change to the George L. Dairy Inland Fisheries and Game Fund, teacher strikes, an Arlington town manager act amendment, payment of an unpaid bill by the town of Ludlow, and additional liquor licenses for Scituate. The House ordered all six bills to a third reading. The chamber also observed silent tributes to Anthony Dugnan of Hamilton and Boston police Detective Bruce Higgins. On third reading, the House passed to be engrossed Senate Bill 23 on alternate members for the Swampscott Conservation Commission, House Bill 2879 on continued employment of a Lancaster firefighter, House Bill 3977 on alternate members for the Beckett Conservation Commission, and House Bill 4529 designating the Wider Park tennis courts as the Kim O'Connell tennis courts. The House then adopted an order to adjourn to meet the following Monday at 11 a.m. in informal session and adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket land bank's conservation entities, funded by transfer fees created
• The answer for conservation 40 years ago? A transfer fee. The answer for housing today?
• Our ability to conserve or convert existing structures into year-round housing is expensive, and Every
• Our ability to conserve or convert existing structures into year-round housing is expensive, and it is
• They are already collecting the fee on the conservation side of the equation, and they have generously

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Housing heard testimony on several housing bills, with much of the discussion focused on seasonal communities and funding for year-round housing in places like Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, Cape Cod, and the Berkshires. Speakers supported bills including H. 4410/S. 966 and related seasonal communities legislation, which would allow local option real estate transfer fees and expand tools for towns to preserve and create affordable housing. Testimony emphasized severe housing shortages, high home prices, workforce displacement, and impacts on public safety, schools, health care, and local businesses. Many witnesses said the transfer fee would provide a sustainable local revenue stream, citing prior land bank models on Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard as proof the approach can work. The committee also heard testimony on H. 3989 regarding seasonal community designation, with supporters arguing that towns should be included automatically or through a simpler opt-in process, and on H. 4568 to expand the Family Self-Sufficiency Program, which would broaden access to a federal voucher-based savings and self-sufficiency model. Senator Edwards testified in support of a bill to create training for municipal board members, describing it as a toolkit to improve informed local decision-making. Senator O’Connor testified for a bed bug bill, saying it would create clearer landlord and tenant notification and treatment requirements and provide needed legal guidance after his family’s experience with an infestation. Senator Lovely also testified for the Homeworks program, which provides transportation so homeless children in motels and shelters can attend after-school activities. The committee further heard testimony on a bill to fund housing in seasonal communities through a transfer fee and on a companion measure to expand the seasonal communities toolkit, with repeated calls for favorable reports. Witnesses from public safety, health care, housing nonprofits, schools, and local government described staffing shortages and housing insecurity as urgent problems. Later, the committee took testimony on H. 1559/S. 102 to maintain stable housing for families with pets, with animal welfare groups supporting protections against eviction, breed discrimination, and excessive pet rent. They said housing-related pet surrenders are a major driver of shelter intake. The hearing also included testimony on H. 1498 to limit criminalization of homelessness, which would restrict citations, fines, and related consequences for outdoor camping tied solely to homelessness.

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm a facility engineer at the Oregon Department of Energy in our energy efficiency and conservation
• I manage the housing division at the Department of Land Conservation and Development.
• I manage the housing division at the Department of Land Conservation and Development.
• All right, again flying through here, so the Land Conservation and Development Commission recently adopted
• ... ...again, flying through here, so the Land Conservation and Development Commission recently adopted

Keywords: 907, all

Summary: The committee met for a series of information sessions focused on housing stabilization, rental assistance, senior housing, and heat resilience. In the first panel, OHCS and NOAA described the state’s affordable housing preservation work, including the $35 million in 2025 stabilization funding used to reduce debt and keep distressed affordable rental projects operating, plus manufactured home park preservation efforts. OHCS said the portfolio remains under strain, with about a third of projects at debt coverage ratios of 1.0 or less and rising insurance and operating costs. NOAA urged faster closings on the stabilization awards, more funding in 2027, and broader rent assistance and process reforms. Committee members asked about the gap between current appropriations and need, and OHCS explained that the new Article 11-Q bond preservation program is structured differently and requires full refinancing rather than simple cash infusions. The committee then heard a detailed discussion of the state’s eviction prevention and rental assistance program, ORDAP. OHCS said the program is administered through community action agencies, prioritizes households at imminent risk of eviction, and is now funded at a much lower level than in the prior biennium, reducing expected service to about 8,200 households this biennium. The Oregon Law Center, a county community action agency, and Multifamily Northwest all agreed the program prevents homelessness and is effective, but they differed on whether assistance should be tied so closely to eviction court. Legal aid and community action witnesses said the current system is underfunded and that eviction filings are the clearest indicator of need, while Multifamily Northwest argued the process can push people into court unnecessarily and should be moved earlier when possible. Legislators raised questions about whether a pre-eviction model could be developed and about the costs of court involvement; one member shared a personal story about how rental assistance helped keep their family housed. Next, the governor’s office, OHCS, and OHA presented on the new senior housing initiative and healthy homes work. The governor’s housing director said Oregon is making progress on homelessness and housing production, with reductions in homelessness outside Multnomah County and an estimated 50,000 future units added to the pipeline through recent state actions. OHCS outlined the senior housing programs launched in May: a debt-financing program using elderly and disabled bond authority, an older adult housing development program funded through the senior property tax deferral revolving account, and a rehousing program for older adults that will use bridge funding and services to move at least 400 unsheltered older Oregonians into housing. OHA also described its Healthy Homes Grant Program, including $24.6 million already awarded, a new $5 million grant round for seniors and people with disabilities, and examples of home repairs and weatherization that help people remain safely housed. The final information session focused on home cooling and heat resilience. OHA presented data showing rising extreme heat days, more heat-related emergency visits, and likely undercounted heat deaths, especially among older adults, people with disabilities, low-income communities, and people without access to healthy homes. ODOE reviewed implementation of Senate Bill 1536, including a cooling needs study that found 58% of surveyed households in the studied housing types needed permanent cooling, with estimated statewide costs of $582 million to $1 billion. ODOE said its rental home heat pump and community heat pump programs have supported 4,638 installations so far, with a temporary reopening planned using remaining funds. The session ended with a remote presentation from a Community Action Partnership of Oregon representative, continuing the discussion of how community action agencies help deliver energy and anti-poverty services.

Transcript Highlights:

• While amplifying existing research associated with the Ocelot Conservation and Natural Toxins Research
• We support wildlife services through water conservation programs.
• A slide 5 on forestry and conservation in this area.
• We also cross train folks who do conservation and other jobs.
• Texas is 95% land owned by private citizens, and we do conservation services with them and also to our

Transcript Highlights:

• locally, but throughout the world. and then really forcing our hand to start looking at water conservation
• We support wildlife services through water conservation programs, we teach critical management. practices
• Forestry and Conservation.
• Folks who do conservation and other jobs, also a very large number of them are also trained. to fight
• Texas is 95% land owned by private citizens. and we do conservation services with them, and also to our

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, there is also a consideration of do you even want to take a slightly conservative view, build up
• On the other hand, if you do not make a benefit improvement, let's say you want to be more conservative
• The active population is just over a thousand, and this includes the troopers, conservation officers,
• officers, BCA agents and conservation officers, BCA agents and other<00:25:46.080> licensed<00
• we're 72% but do like to be conservative we're 72% but do like to be conservative and<01:00:19.119

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• House bills be scheduled for consideration by the House: House No. 1068, relative to Department of Conservation
• Second reading of the bills: An act relative to Department of Conservation and Recreation Title IX compliance
• An act relative to Department of Conservation and Recreation Title IX compliance.

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The House first took up several Committee on Rules reports extending committee reporting deadlines on current House documents. Extensions were adopted for the Committees on Economic Development and Emerging Technologies, Environment and Natural Resources, Labor and Workforce Development, Mental Health, Substance Use, and Recovery, and Municipalities and Regional Government, with the rules suspended where needed and the orders adopted by voice vote. The Committee on Steering and Policy then recommended five bills for House consideration: House Nos. 1068, 1641, 3417, 3438, and 4664. After suspension of Rule 7A, the House ordered all five bills to a third reading. The chamber also took up House No. 4624, establishing a sick leave bank for Jean McCarran of the Registry of Motor Vehicles; the emergency preamble was adopted by a recorded count, and the bill later passed to be enacted. The House also passed to be enacted several local bills, including measures extending residency requirements for certain Newton police and fire personnel, authorizing investments for the Richmond Free Public Library, and increasing the residency limit for Acton police and fire personnel. In addition, the House concurred in Senate amendments to the Lynn charter bill (House No. 4149), passed the Greenfield charter bill (House No. 4379) to be engrossed, and passed the Ludlow unpaid bill measure (House No. 4589) to be engrossed. The session ended with an order to adjourn and the House adjourned to meet Monday at 11 a.m. in informal session.

Transcript Highlights:

• It has people from the industrial water conservation, water irrigation, water, agricultural water, municipal
• western Oklahoman, but my study of the history and culture of the region is that The traditional conservation
• Speak to the critical nature of water conservation for me here, if you could.

Keywords: 914, all

Transcript Highlights:

• House Bill No. 36, Forestry Conservation Program, Wild Land Fire Module. Ayes 61, excused 1.
• c><00:00:53.120> Forestry House Bill number 36, Forestry House Bill number 36, Forestry Conservation
• Program, Wild Land Fire Conservation Program, Wild Land Fire Module, Module, Module, eyes<00:00:58.719
• the uh um water conservancy districts. the uh um water conservancy districts.
• conservation program. Thank you, Mr. conservation program. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• <04:32:42.560> million species conservation trust 65,5 million species conservation trust 65,5
• <04:54:26.878> 121,567,321 conservation 121,567,321 conservation 121,567,321 1,567,321 1,567,321
• <04:55:40.160> board Colorado water conservation board Colorado water conservation board construction
• :57:58.718> Board Colorado Water Conservation Board Colorado Water Conservation Board Construction
• :58:20.160> Board Colorado Water Conservation Board Colorado Water Conservation Board Construction

Keywords: 981, all

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, approved the prior journal, and heard several brief recognitions before moving to business. Members welcomed foster care advocates for Child Abuse Prevention Month, Girl Scouts visiting the Capitol, and participants in Black Maternal Health Week, with remarks emphasizing foster youth voice, leadership development, and the need for culturally competent maternal health care and doula/midwife support. The chamber then took up House Joint Resolution 1026, honoring former Governor Roy Romer and designating a portion of I-25 as the Governor Roy Romer Memorial Highway. Supporters highlighted Romer’s long public service, his work on education and infrastructure, and his role in major state projects. A proposed amendment to strike the word “memorial” was withdrawn, the House suspended the rules to allow Romer to speak from the well, and Romer offered remarks about legislative collegiality and the importance of democracy and listening to opposing views. House Joint Resolution 1026 was adopted on a 60-0 vote, with four excused and one absent. After a brief recess, the House returned to special orders and resumed reading House Bill 1410 at length, continuing through extensive appropriations language for the Department of Human Services, including child welfare, youth services, Medicaid-related transfers, SNAP and benefits administration, and other funding line items. No final action on House Bill 1410 was taken in the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• He said they may not have brought conservative people to testify, but the earlier examples included states
• Owens for your testimony, not just your testimony, but your conservative think tank.
• And so I would think at this time uh fiscal responsibility, conservative policies is exactly what Minnesota
• <00:37:15.040> think testimony, but your conservative think testimony, but your conservative
• policies is exactly what conservative policies is exactly what Minnesota<00:37:53.520> needs.

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The committee took up House File 936, an author’s bill requiring cost-benefit analysis before agencies move forward with major rulemaking. Chair Nash moved the bill, the A2 author’s amendment was adopted, and the bill was then discussed as amended. The sponsor said the goal was not to eliminate rulemaking, but to require agencies to “show their work” by analyzing costs, benefits, and assumptions before rules are adopted. Supporters, including representatives from Americans for Prosperity and the Pacific Legal Foundation, argued the bill would improve transparency, uniformity, and accountability in rulemaking. They cited federal and other state models, especially Virginia, and said similar requirements already exist in several states. They also pointed to public support for requiring cost-benefit analysis and said the bill could help agencies avoid costly or poorly thought-out regulations, reduce litigation risk, and improve legislative oversight through notice to committees and publication of preliminary and final analyses. Several members raised concerns. Representative Luger Nikolai said cost-benefit analysis is already part of existing law through SONARs and that the legislature, not agencies, should be the first line of review; she also worried the bill would force dollar valuations on qualitative factors such as accessibility. Representative Craft said the bill could allow unelected officials to negate policy choices already made by the legislature if benefits do not exceed costs. Representative Fryberg said the bill appears to require full analysis even for minor housekeeping rules and may overemphasize dollar-based benefits. Chair Nash and supporters responded that the bill is meant to impose a uniform check on agencies and that many current rules already operate without sufficient legislative oversight. The discussion ended with members expressing both support and opposition, and a roll call was requested, though no final vote was included in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Help me understand what you're doing in terms of the conservation, because I know there's apparently
• Kentucky Natural Lands Trust, which is a nonprofit conservation group.
• Fund, that's held by the Conservation Fund, that's held by the Kentucky<00:50:30.960> Natural
• <00:50:34.880> The<00:50:34.920> US non-profit conservation group.
• The US non-profit conservation group.

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The committee first approved the minutes from its January 13 meeting and then moved through a large agenda of contracts and agreements, with members repeatedly voting to review items without objection. The chair noted the agenda included 227 contracts totaling about $89.5 million, all with vendors registered with the Secretary of State. Most items were approved after brief discussion and roll-call votes. Several contracts drew questions. Kentucky State University explained two four-month contracts tied to its online academic program: one for continued implementation support and one for marketing. University officials said the program is in a transition year under a management improvement plan, that the university owns the intellectual property, and that the marketing effort is aimed at growing enrollment in targeted programs such as business and social work. They reported online enrollment had grown from 74 students to 612, with an overall university enrollment of 2,872, and said the goal is to reach about 1,000 online students by fall. The committee approved both items, though Senator Douglas said he would keep watching university spending. The Department of Education presented a contract cancellation for administrative reviews of the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Program. Officials said USDA changed the review requirement from every three years to every five years, making the outside contract unnecessary because internal staff can now handle the work. The committee approved the cancellation. The Transportation Cabinet also explained an increase to a professional services contract for engineering work on a section of KY 54 in Owensboro, describing it as preliminary design and commissioning work for a multi-section roadway project; the committee approved that item as well. The Kentucky Lottery Corporation sought approval for an amendment tied to its iLottery platform. Officials said the increase reflected higher sales volume, since the contract structure causes prize and platform-related expenses to rise as sales grow. The committee approved the amendment. The Department of Public Health also discussed a perinatal psychiatry consultation program funded by a five-year federal HRSA grant; members raised concerns about what would happen if federal support changes, but no action beyond discussion was noted in the excerpt.

Transcript Highlights:

• Peterson's dedication to high standards for land, water, and wildlife habitat conservation in Arkansas
• Peterson's dedication to high standards for land, water, and wildlife habitat conservation in Arkansas
• Peterson's dedication to high standards for land, water, and wildlife habitat conservation in Arkansas
• Peterson's dedication to high standards for land, water, and wildlife habitat conservation in Arkansas
• Peterson's dedication to high standards for land, water, and wildlife habitat conservation in Arkansas

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Monday, September 8, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I returned to this chamber with one goal: accomplishing as much conservative policy as possible, while
• To the conservative freshmen who worked so hard to be here, you're equipped, eager, and dedicated to
• I think for the body to hear what you see is Tony fighting every day for conservative values, and it's
• Conservative love is just—it’s so much family value. So long.
• Conservative love is just—it’s so much family values in that love right there.

Summary: The House met on sine die and began with prayer, pledges, quorum verification, and a series of announcements and recognitions. The chamber received Senate messages reporting adoption of conference committee reports on SB 268 and SB 2972, and Senate concurrence in House amendments to SB 1637. Members also referred several resolutions and announced the signing of numerous House and Senate measures by the presence of the House. Technical correction resolutions were adopted: HCR 171, authorizing corrections to HB 46, passed 138-0, and SCR 55, making a wording correction in SB 1964, passed 126-12. A large portion of the meeting was devoted to memorials and recognitions. The House honored Pastor Dave Welch, with several members offering condolences and reflections on his work organizing pastors and engaging in civic life, followed by a moment of silence. Members also recognized the Ganado High School Maidens for winning the 2025 UIL 2A Division I softball state championship, Waco police K-9 Andor after being shot in the line of duty, Region 7 DPS for Capitol Complex security, and various restaurants, staff members, interns, caucus staff, and caucus freshmen of the year across Republican, Democratic, Black, Progressive, LGBTQ, IT, Energy and Climate, and Mexican American Legislative Caucuses. The chamber also heard a retirement-style address from Rep. Tony Tinderholt, who reflected on his six sessions in the House, his military service, and his decision to step aside to focus on family, while colleagues from both parties praised his service, discipline, and willingness to work across differences. The House then continued with additional staff and caucus recognitions, including committee staff, district office staff, and interns, with members repeatedly thanking their teams for their work during the session.

Transcript Highlights:

• The history on this is that originally soil and water conservation district funding was provided through
• The history on this is that originally soil and water conservation district funding was provided through
• Act, are all about continuing the use of the land in conservation and in the intent that it is as a
• or North American Waterfall Conservation or North American Waterfall Conservation Act<02:08:45.199
• and in the in the land in conservation and in the in the<02:08:50.880> intent<02:08:51.280>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Next we have James Learner from Conservation Minnesota and Derek Peterson from the Laborers. Mr.
• I’m the policy associate of Conservation Minnesota.
• <00:57:25.160> Um associate of Conservation Minnesota.
• Um associate of Conservation Minnesota.
• > nonprofit Conservation Minnesota is a nonprofit Conservation Minnesota is a nonprofit organization

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• parks really owe a thank you to these people because if it wasn't for the work that they do in the conservation
• they<00:30:03.200> do<00:30:03.360> in<00:30:03.440> the<00:30:03.520> conservation
• <00:30:04.280> space,<00:30:05.240> um they do in the conservation space, um they do
• in the conservation space, um making<00:30:05.680> sure<00:30:06.040> that<00:30:06.480

Keywords: 981, all

Summary: The House convened with a quorum, led the Pledge of Allegiance with visiting children from Creativity Challenge Community, and approved the journal as corrected. The day was marked by several recognitions and announcements, including Sportsman Day, Lineman Day, and a CEA Lobby Day, with members offering brief tributes to professional linemen, Colorado sportsmen and conservationists, and education retirees and children visiting the Capitol. Members also announced committee schedules for the day and the next day. Committees set to meet included Appropriations, Agriculture, Water, Natural Resources, Business Affairs and Labor, Finance, Energy and Environment, and Education, with specific bills listed for each committee. One committee, State Civic, Military, and Veterans Affairs, announced it would not meet that day. The only formal action beyond the journal approval was a motion by the Majority Leader to lay over the balance of the calendar until Friday, April 24, 2026, which was adopted without objection. The House then moved to recess until later that day.

Transcript Highlights:

• All of these industrial firms will have water conservation plans and are definitely tracking it because
• Even conservation can count toward that.
• We used to do a very conservative 15-mile buffer.
• We don't have to be as conservative in our buffer there.
• In reviewing permits received by groundwater conservation districts, if they have rules in place for

Summary: During the meeting, legislative members discussed the practice of municipalities diverting water and sewer revenues to their general funds, which impacts infrastructure maintenance and project delays. Vice Chair Sparks proposed limiting public testimony to two minutes, which was adopted without objection. The committee heard from various witnesses, including Perry Fowler from the Texas Water Infrastructure Network, who emphasized that utility revenues should primarily support water services and that transfers should be transparent and justified. He noted that many utilities face financial pressures that could hinder infrastructure projects. Larry French from the Texas Public Policy Foundation highlighted the significant financial impact of water loss and general fund transfers, estimating the annual loss at $1.5 billion. He argued that these transfers can create disincentives for municipalities to address water loss issues. Brian Butcher, Assistant City Manager of Sugar Land, defended the city's cost allocation model for general fund transfers, asserting that they are necessary for equitable service provision and operational efficiency. The committee also discussed the implications of rising construction costs and the need for better procurement processes to ensure effective use of taxpayer dollars. The second part of the meeting focused on the New World Screwworm and the state's preparedness to manage potential infestations. Dudley Hoskins from the USDA outlined the federal response efforts and the importance of collaboration with state agencies. He emphasized the need for ongoing surveillance and the production of sterile flies to combat the pest. Dr. Philip Kaufman from Texas A&M discussed the historical context of the screwworm and the challenges posed by its potential reintroduction, urging proactive management strategies among livestock producers. The committee acknowledged the need for increased resources and research to effectively address the threat of the screwworm.