Video & Transcript Research : 'nutrient reduction'

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MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Committee on Federal Funding, Policy and Accountability Jun 21st, 2026 at 01:00 pm

House Committee on Federal Funding, Policy and Accountability

Transcript Highlights:
  • Workforce reductions across federal departments, including the Department of Veterans Affairs and the
  • Just as Medicaid cuts threaten access to care and workforce stability, proposed reductions to NIH funding
  • A reduction in this funding could lead to decreased demand for lab equipment, professional services,
  • A reduction in clinical research also means fewer advancements in patient care and a direct impact on
  • Congress had recently passed the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the Inflation Reduction Act, and the
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The inaugural hearing of the newly named House Committee on Federal Funding, Policy and Accountability focused on how federal policy changes could affect Massachusetts, especially in education, health care, research, infrastructure, climate, and business conditions. Chair LaNatra said the committee was created to monitor federal funding decisions and their impacts on state programs and services. Members introduced themselves, then heard testimony from Doug Howgate of the Massachusetts Taxpayers Foundation, Sarah Mills of Associated Industries of Massachusetts, and Quentin Palfrey, the governor’s Director of Federal Funds and Infrastructure. Howgate argued that the Trump administration and new Congress pose ideological, practical, and process-related risks to Massachusetts, citing proposed cuts to Medicaid, education, research, and other domestic programs. He said federal dollars make up about a quarter of the state operating budget and capital plan, warned against using one-time reserves to backfill ongoing federal cuts, and urged the state to prioritize core services while protecting areas where Massachusetts is especially strong, such as higher education and research. In response to committee questions, he said the House Medicaid proposal would still cost Massachusetts hundreds of millions and that international student and NIH-related changes could harm the state’s labor force and innovation economy. He also advised that the state communicate clearly without overreacting to daily federal developments. Mills testified that AIM members are most concerned about uncertainty, tariffs, Medicaid cuts, and NIH reductions. She said tariffs are raising costs, disrupting supply chains, and hurting small and medium-sized businesses, housing construction, and exporters, with AIM’s business confidence index falling to its lowest level since the pandemic. She said Medicaid cuts would raise employer health costs, reduce productivity, and strain the health care system, while NIH cuts would threaten Massachusetts’ life sciences and academic research ecosystem. In questions, she said AIM has increased federal outreach, is coordinating with the U.S. Chamber and the Massachusetts delegation, and is hearing concerns from employers about immigration compliance and workforce disruptions. Palfrey described the Healey-Driscoll administration’s efforts to maximize federal funding, including a biweekly interagency council, a municipal partnership effort, and a statewide roadshow. He said Massachusetts has secured nearly $9 billion from major federal laws for projects such as the Cape Cod bridges, Allston Multimodal, grid modernization, clean-energy school buses, and broadband. He also said the administration launched a public website to track federal impacts and is working with municipalities, nonprofits, and the Attorney General on grant changes, legal issues, and litigation. In response to questions, he warned that cuts to NOAA, NSF, Medicaid, SNAP, and other programs could affect services and the state budget, and said the administration is tracking changes to federal grant applications and conditions. No votes were taken; the hearing was informational only.
KY

Kentucky 2026 Regular Session

House Standing Committee on Transportation. (3-10-26)

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • It would just be for those that would result in a closure or a reduction of through lanes.
  • they would have to provide notice along with their plans to the cities that are impacted by that reduction
  • <00:11:56.560> um cities that are impacted by that um cities that are impacted by that um reduction
  • And then it's not going to be every resurfacing project, just those that will result in a reduction of
  • So you know, if if reduction of lanes.
Keywords: 958, all
WV

West Virginia 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Mar 14th, 2026 at 03:13 pm

West Virginia Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The purpose of this bill is to provide a reduction in the personal income tax.
  • The House of Delegates lowered the income tax reduction from 10%, the Senate sent over to 5%.
  • First, we passed a 27 and a quarter percent tax reduction a couple of years ago.
  • And today we've added to that with an additional 5 percent reduction in personal income tax.
  • To that, with an additional 5% reduction in personal income tax.
Keywords: 994, senate, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

01/27/2026 - Senate Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • I think, Ray, your question, your point is that four acre-feet should be subject to a water reduction
  • The governance or the conversation of requiring a reduction, that's a whole other conversation.
  • an amendment actually address the concerns that I have in regards to, you know, having pumping reductions
  • an amendment actually address the concerns that I have in regards to, you know, having pumping reductions
  • From a land where it was historically used with no required reduction in pumping, no link to the AMA
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

April 22, 2025 - 03:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • WHICH IS THE SALES TAX RATE REDUCTION WE PASSED OFF THE FLOOR UNANIMOUSLY IN WEEK SIX.
  • THIS IS THE REDUCTION OF THE STATE SALES TAX GENERAL SALES TAX FROM 6 PERCENT TO 5.25 AND SEVERAL OTHER
  • THE TOTAL RECURRING REDUCTION IN TAXES IN THE BILL IS JUST UNDER $5.5 BILLION OF WHICH APPROXIMATELY
  • AS WAS MENTIONED EARLIER, WE ALL VOTED UNANIMOUSLY TO SUPPORT THE SALES TAX REDUCTION ON THE HOUSE FLOOR
  • IT WAS PART OF THE GENERAL REDUCTION IN ADDITION TO REDUCING THE GENERAL RATE FROM SIX TO FIVE AND ONE
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Ways and Means (01/28/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • Furthermore, the Department of Revenue Administration's projections, while showing a modest reduction
  • employing hundreds this reduction employing hundreds this reduction ensures<00:49:51.880> that
  • reduction in bet Revenue<00:50:43.640> do<00:50:43.880> not<00:50:44.079> fully
  • He said the reduction would be to 0.50%, which is still well above what it was when it was introduced
  • <01:08:16.799> of Association if the reduction of Association if the reduction of taxes<01
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee held a public hearing on HB 135, introduced by Representative Michael Harrington. He said the bill would codify a portion of the New Hampshire Constitution to bar New Hampshire businesses from being required to collect sales or use taxes for other states unless Congress mandates it, arguing that the U.S. Supreme Court’s Wayfair decision created an onerous compliance burden for businesses. He described the patchwork of state and local sales tax rules, thresholds, and product exemptions as extremely complex and said the bill was intended to push the issue back toward Congress and the courts. Members questioned whether the bill’s reference to a “foreign government” would apply to other U.S. states, whether the proposal would conflict with the Supremacy Clause, and whether it would create standing for businesses to challenge Wayfair. Harrington responded that “foreign government” meant any government other than New Hampshire, that he believed the state could challenge the decision in court by passing a law contrary to Wayfair, and that businesses were already being harmed by compliance costs. Some members raised concerns about whether the bill was an unfunded mandate or simply a private compliance burden, and Harrington argued that the state itself would not be collecting the taxes, but businesses would still face recordkeeping and administrative costs. Sam Garland of the Department of Justice then testified. He said the department was not taking a formal position on the bill, but offered technical comments. Garland acknowledged that Wayfair created significant compliance burdens and noted that states have become somewhat more uniform, with all states now having a $100,000 economic nexus threshold, though not all use the 200-transaction threshold and local tax variation remains substantial. He said the department’s concerns were legal, describing the issue as uncharted constitutional territory involving both vertical and horizontal federalism. No vote or final action was taken during the hearing.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Apr 9th, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • And so that’s why they’re not reflecting those numbers, and those reductions are a reflection of the
  • And those reductions are a reflection of the fact that we’re pulling the scholarship funds out of the
  • And so those reductions are essentially demonstrating what that looks like in real time.
  • So there's been a lot of conversation about a reduction in property tax, right, or cutting that.
  • these reductions.
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several gallery introductions before taking up Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 168, the Tristan Murphy Act, on mental health. Senator Bradley explained that the bill is intended to divert clinically appropriate defendants with mental illness from jail to treatment, create pretrial mental health diversion programs, expand grant uses for mental health and substance abuse reinvestment, require evaluations and treatment follow-up in certain probation and prison settings, add Hillsborough County to a forensic hospital diversion pilot, and establish a Florida Behavioral Health Data Repository. Senators from both parties spoke in support, emphasizing treatment over incarceration, public safety, and the Murphy family’s role in the bill. The Senate passed the bill 37-0 and then recorded 37 co-sponsors. The chamber then moved into presentations on SB 2500, the 2025-26 General Appropriations Act. Chair Hooper said the Senate budget totals $117.4 billion, reduces overall spending from the prior year, maintains reserves, keeps employee health contributions level, and includes major investments in water quality, transportation, education infrastructure, and nearly $1 billion in education capital outlay. Committee chairs outlined their portions of the budget, including increased funding for K-12 schools and scholarships, higher education workforce programs, Medicaid and health services, corrections and courts, transportation and housing, and environmental restoration such as Everglades and water quality projects. Members then asked extensive questions, especially about education funding, school choice, AP/IB and accelerated programs, the Family Empowerment Scholarship, and the FEFP calculations. Senator Burgess repeatedly explained that scholarship funding is being moved “below the line” to improve tracking and that the Senate position is to preserve funding while giving districts more flexibility. Senators also questioned the APD wait list for disability services, opioid settlement spending, arts funding, the My Safe Florida Home condo pilot, and proposed IT and agency restructuring. Several chairs said some issues would be resolved in conference, and no final vote on the budget was taken in the portion provided.
AR
Transcript Highlights:
  • November, and we were looking at rate changes and answering a lot of questions because we got a reduction
  • And we were trying to explain why we got a third-quarter or fourth-quarter reduction in the previous
  • in November and we were looking at rate changes and answering a lot of questions because we got a reduction
  • in funding at looking at rate changes and answering a lot of questions because we got a reduction in
  • the long-term sustainability of this program and make immediate changes because we were getting reductions
Summary: The committee met to review the minutes and then held a workshop-style discussion with Arkansas Department of Education early childhood officials about the state’s early learning programs, funding, and access. Officials explained that the state-funded ABC program has been largely flat for years, rising from $11 million to about $14 million in 2018, while the federally funded SRA/CCDF side is much larger. They described differences between the programs, including ABC’s 10-month school-year structure, current enrollment of about 23,000 children in ABC and about 14,871 in SRA, and a SRA wait list that has grown to roughly 2,971 children. Members raised concerns about rural access, school-based versus community-based providers, reimbursement rates, and the need to align early childhood funding with K-12 and kindergarten readiness goals. A major topic was the recent $14.741 million PDG B-5 competitive grant. Officials said it is a one-year systems-building grant, not a direct services grant, and will support local leads, CLASS observations, workforce efforts, and data systems while helping offset some costs that otherwise would have been paid through CCDF. Members also discussed the end of a federal pre-K funding stream in June, with children either moving into ABC slots or requalifying for SRA, and the state’s new enrollment-based payment approach, which officials said saved about $576,000. The committee also heard that the current cost-of-care study is about three years old and that a new market-rate survey is being planned. Several members questioned dual enrollment in home visiting/HIPPY and ABC, with officials saying about 1,200 children are enrolled in both and that limiting double enrollment could save about $2.4 million and affect roughly 470 children. Members also asked about provider closures after rate changes; officials said eight providers cited funding as a reason for closing, while 26 new providers have been added under the new rates. The discussion ended with broad agreement that the committee should continue regular updates, keep providers and families informed, and explore policy changes, waivers, and possible state investments to improve stability, access, and quality in early childhood education.
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Executive Departments and Administration (12/03/2025)

Executive Departments and Administration

Transcript Highlights:
  • It does a couple of very basic things primarily, and it is a cost reduction bill.
  • <00:05:37.680> uh and it uh is a cost reduction bill. uh and it uh is a cost reduction bill
  • And lastly, the ongoing right again, there'll be a net reduction in number of total FT, or full-time,
  • And lastly, the ongoing right again, there'll be a net reduction in number of total FT, or full-time,
  • And lastly, again, about a $450,000 to $550,000 reduction in spending over the course of the biennium
Keywords: 1191, senate, all
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • It establishes a review process upon notice of agency denial, reduction, suspension, or termination of
  • suspension<00:02:59.440> or<00:02:59.840> termination<00:03:00.560> of reduction
  • suspension or termination of reduction suspension or termination of long-term<00:03:01.280> services
  • recommendations when committed individuals in the Minnesota sex offender program petition for a reduction
  • in custody and um replaces reduction in custody and um replaces this<00:08:23.479> with<00:08
Keywords: 1183, house
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services (02/18/2025)

Labor, Industrial and Rehabilitative Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • each and every uh reduction each and every uh reduction uh<00:08:30.599> that<00:08:30.759
  • Employers get a 1% reduction to their rate because the fund balance exceeds $350 million.
  • We're forecasting the 1% reduction.
  • <00:24:28.760> a forecasted fund balance reduction a forecasted fund balance reduction a quarter
  • <00:25:36.279> in impact on the fund balance reductions in impact on the fund balance reductions
Keywords: 1189, house, all
DE
Transcript Highlights:
  • Substance use harm reduction.
  • Requiring people to register for a harm reduction program is a significant barrier.
  • So that's what generally is used to fund the harm reduction programs.
  • Reduction in HIV and hepatitis C transmission.
  • And harm reduction is not condoning substance use. It is about preventing death.
Summary: The House convened with a quorum, accepted the prior day’s minutes, and read several committee reports and communications into the record. Members also observed moments of silence for two young people who had recently died, and the prayer and pledge were offered before the chamber moved into business. Consent calendar number 28, consisting of several resolutions, passed by voice vote. A large portion of the meeting was devoted to tributes and retirement remarks for Representative Jeff Holowski, who was praised by colleagues for his work on financial literacy, veterans’ issues, health care, diabetes policy, and constituent service, as well as for his military service and community involvement. Holowski thanked staff, colleagues, and his family, and said he was retiring to spend more time with his wife, children, and grandchildren. The chamber also recognized former Representative Harvey Kenton as a guest. The House then acted on several measures. Senate Bill 286, as amended by House Amendment 1, passed 40-0 and extends consumer protections and dealer equity standards to ATVs, side-by-sides, and vessels. Senate Bill 179, which updates the Delaware Sentencing Accountability Commission and its bench book/data analysis process, passed 27-14. Senate Substitute 2 for Senate Bill 23, the housing supply and affordability bill, was presented with extensive explanation and questions about local control, zoning, and implementation, but the transcript ends before a final vote on that measure. Senate Joint Resolution 18, designating August 31, 2026 as International Overdose Awareness Day and directing flags at half-staff, was also discussed in emotional remarks about overdose losses and the state’s ongoing response. The House later recessed for party caucuses.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Energy, Utilities and Communications Committee May 12th, 2026

Energy, Utilities and Communications

Transcript Highlights:
  • achieved can be more than double the risk reduction for an uncoordinated approach.
  • In CEA's final report, Pathway 1 on community wildfire risk reduction makes the same case, again with
  • CEA's final report, Pathway 1 on community wildfire risk reduction, makes the same case, again, with
  • One is to invest in wildfire risk reduction to reduce the ignition and spread of all wildfires.
  • Local governments do strongly support a wildfire risk reduction package this year to move forward.
Keywords: 987, senate, all
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations and Budget Health Subcommittee Jan 22nd, 2026 at 09:30 am

A&B Health Subcommittee

Transcript Highlights:
  • So, on a net basis, it was $11 million of reduction.
  • So, kind of a combination of those resulted in that. reduction.
  • So, we had a 55% reduction in those errors, and.
  • This is where we took a big reduction around February and March of this past year.
  • So, that's why you see that reduction in our revolving fund beginning in FY25.
Keywords: 914, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Working Group on Omnibus Commerce and Consumer Protection Bill - 05/29/25

Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • On line 84 is a small insurance operating reduction.
  • This is a change from base, a reduction of about $6.65 million for the biennium.
  • On line 140 are reductions to the $15 million base amount each year for the CanRenew grants from the
  • Uh on line 140 are reductions to fund.
  • Um that reduction is 3.746 million fund.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Transportation - 01/29/25

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • We're very cognizant of a reduction in funds.
  • Choosing this reduction to this agency is one that we accept, and we can manage without compromising
  • in able to uh sustain u a reduction in general<00:11:16.320> fund<00:11:16.760> support
  • in funds uh we have to take a reduction in funds uh we have to take seriously<00:12:46.880> we
  • So really, it's just the reduction of revenue from $1 to $0 and then any diversion of trips.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
Summary: The Transportation Committee met on January 29, 2025, to hear the Metropolitan Council’s presentation on the Governor’s proposed agency budget requests. The Council outlined three main budget items: authorization to advance funds to MnDOT to help coordinate a highway project with arterial bus rapid transit construction; a proposal to make free regular-route transit rides permanent for eligible Metro Mobility riders, after a successful pilot that produced nearly 75,000 rides; and a reduction in general fund support for rail operations, which the Council said it could absorb in the near term. The Council also noted it was seeking $15 million in the bonding bill for bus rapid transit, including support for the H Line, and described other capital requests for an infill/infiltration program and regional parks. Council leadership said the advance-funds proposal would let two projects move together more efficiently, reduce disruption, and potentially lower costs by avoiding repeated reconstruction and maintenance. On the Metro Mobility fare pilot, they said the lower fare increased rider freedom and spontaneity while saving state money because fixed-route service is cheaper than individual Metro Mobility trips. On the general fund reduction, they said the agency is expanding service, opening the Gold Line, B Line, and E Line, and can manage the cut because of its diversified revenue sources, though it could affect future expansion. Senator Nelson raised concerns about the proposal to expand the Right-of-Way Acquisition Loan Fund to include regional parks and trails, warning that the legislation should clearly avoid creating condemnation authority for park or trail projects, especially where they are adjacent to MnDOT projects. Council staff responded that the program would finance local acquisitions rather than give the Met Council condemnation power, and said they would take the concern under advisement and ensure the legislation is carefully drafted. Members also discussed federal funding uncertainty; Council officials said federal transit operating support is about $30 million and that a pause or cut could affect future capital projects and some existing awards, while the region’s diversified funding base would help cushion operations. No votes or formal actions were taken at the meeting.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

Committee on Higher Education - 01/23/25

Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • /c><00:36:23.960> um<00:36:24.680> there<00:36:24.880> there State current reductions
  • um there there State current reductions um there there is<00:36:25.280> sort<00:36:25.480>
  • Receiving a reduction in State Grants not only means a shortfall of financial aid for students like me
  • <01:37:06.719> in<01:37:06.880> state<01:37:07.159> grants receiving a reduction
  • in state grants receiving a reduction in state grants not<01:37:07.760> only<01:37:08.000>
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
Summary: The committee received an informational presentation from the Minnesota Office of Higher Education on the State Grant program and governor-recommended changes, with some discussion of North Star Promise. Staff explained that State Grant is the state’s largest financial aid program, intended to promote college access and choice for students with the highest financial need, and that it works alongside Pell Grants. They reviewed program eligibility, award calculation, and participation rules, and noted that the program serves a large share of low- and middle-income students, including many dependent students, student parents, BIPOC students, and adult learners. They also described how awards and spending are distributed across public and private institutions and how the agency projects spending using enrollment, tuition, and FAFSA data. A major focus was the current fiscal-year deficit in State Grant. Staff said the program is experiencing a shortfall driven by higher-than-expected enrollment, more students with greater financial need, and major FAFSA formula changes that increased the number of applicants with zero or negative student aid index values. They said the office has already rationed awards where allowed and imposed a FAFSA deadline for spring awards, and does not expect to fund some awards. Officials explained that if the program projects a surplus, they typically adjust the living and miscellaneous expense allowance to spend down funds; if it projects a deficit, they can increase student and family responsibility to reduce award sizes, but the program must stay within its appropriation. Senator Duckworth asked several questions about whether unused funds could be transferred between State Grant and North Star Promise, and how the two programs are treated. Staff said State Grant funds revert to the general fund at the end of the biennium, while North Star Promise uses a special revenue account, and that transfers may be possible but would need clarification under current authority. They referenced a prior legislative transfer from North Star Promise funds to cover a shortfall in the Fostering Independence Grant and said they would follow up on the exact transfer authority. No votes or formal actions were taken during the presentation and discussion.
ND

North Dakota 2026 1st Special Session

Budget Section Jun 24th, 2026 at 10:00 am

Budget Section

Transcript Highlights:
  • And if you’re a larger agency, we ask for a 10% reduction in your base budget.
  • And so that’s really our reason for asking agencies for reductions, is we feel like there’s going to
  • be less resources to budget, not because of a decline in revenue, but because of this reduction in our
  • package, if they were hold-even or 3%, to prepare an additional 3% contingency reduction.
  • The homestead and disabled veteran are really not credits, technically speaking; they're a reduction
Keywords: 908, all
ND

North Dakota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Budget Section Jun 24th, 2026

Transcript Highlights:
  • And if you’re a larger agency, we ask for a 10% reduction in your base budget.
  • And so that’s really our reason for asking agencies for reductions, is we feel like there’s going to
  • We did ask agencies, if they weren’t part of that 10% reduction package, if they were hold-even or 3%
  • , we asked them to prepare an additional 3% kind of a contingency reduction.
  • They're a reduction in taxable value, which results in a lower property tax obligation.
Summary: The Budget Section approved the March 18 minutes and received an OMB update showing the general fund is still ahead of the budgeted starting point, but revenues through May are now about $76 million below the legislative forecast, driven mainly by individual income tax and sales tax shortfalls. OMB also reported the budget stabilization fund is above its cap, meaning a transfer to the general fund is expected, and reviewed oil price/production assumptions, noting continued volatility. Members asked about the income tax netting process, the sales tax decline, oil price discounts/premiums, natural gas taxation, and when the executive branch would present its revenue forecast. The committee then acted on several Emergency Commission requests. It approved, as a group, requests for federal mine reclamation funds for the Public Service Commission, an additional criminal investigator FTE and funding for the Attorney General’s office, and a DPI transfer for bridge software costs. It separately approved DPI request 2164 for $500,000 to support the food vendor program after debate over whether the program’s savings were known and whether the money was simply a pass-through. OMB also reported on federal grants, fiscal irregularities, tobacco settlement proceeds, budget guidelines for agencies, FTE pool usage, vacancy savings, and the DAPL settlement, noting the settlement funds had been deposited and that a deficiency appropriation may be needed later to cover remaining accrued interest. Tax Commissioner Brian Kroshus presented on the primary residence credit program, saying participation has grown sharply and that the current biennium will likely need about $431 million, roughly $22 million above the appropriation. He explained how the credit interacts with homestead and disabled veteran benefits, how the 3% property tax cap works, and why county valuations and mill rates vary. The committee also received a Legacy Fund/Budget Stabilization Fund report showing strong returns, and DOT Director Ron Henke received approval for two Flex Fund highway projects on ND 49 and ND 31. Henke also explained remaining Highway 85 funding and said the department is exploring uses for leftover state dollars. Finally, the Department of Mineral Resources reported on abandoned well plugging and site restoration, noting North Dakota remains in relatively strong shape compared with other states, and DPI began a presentation on gap funding tied to the 3% levy cap, reporting 24 districts received $1.8 million in the first year and projecting higher future needs.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
  • We will see reductions in state support for our four-year colleges and universities, reductions in support
  • for our community and technical colleges, reduction in state financial aid for students at independent
  • Excuse me, one more: reductions in payments for managed care, both physical and behavioral health.
  • And if you look at the operating budget in particular, there's $7 billion of reductions and about $8
Summary: House and Senate Democratic leaders held a post-sine-die press availability to describe a difficult 2025 session and the major budget and policy outcomes. They said the state faced a $16 billion operating shortfall and an $8 billion transportation gap, along with inflation, slowing revenue, federal uncertainty, and a new governor. Despite that, they said the chambers reached balanced operating and transportation budgets while trying to avoid harming vulnerable residents or overburdening working families. The leaders highlighted several priorities they said were advanced: increased school funding, including about $1.4 billion more for special education; housing measures such as rent stabilization, parking minimum reforms, lot-splitting, and middle-housing enforcement; and public safety funding, including a $100 million one-time law-enforcement appropriation requested by Governor Ferguson. They also discussed a community reinvestment approach and said local governments would have more flexibility to fund community safety. They acknowledged that balancing the budget required painful cuts and tradeoffs, including delays to child support pass-through payments and TANF benefits, reduced support for higher education and student aid, higher child-care copays and fewer child-care slots, closure of one prison and four reentry centers, and reductions in managed care payments. They also said the tax package included modest business tax increases, including a surcharge on some large businesses and sales tax changes for certain services, and that a wealth tax remained alive for future sessions even though it was not part of this year’s budget. Much of the discussion focused on the new governor’s role and whether there was tension over his review of the budget and bills. Leaders said communication with the governor and his staff had improved over the session, that they expected him to carefully review the legislation, and that they were not reading anything into his absence from the press conference. They repeatedly emphasized bipartisan and bicameral collaboration, and several speakers described the session as one of the most challenging they had experienced, citing the budget gap, federal uncertainty, and recent personal losses in the Legislature.