Video & Transcript Research : 'Interstate 35'
Page 60 of 500
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
HHS-CPN, HHS-CPN DM, CPN Public Hearings 02-14-2023 9:30am
Keywords:
HI Senate YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkJjoc69U1o, 2026-07-02T01:23:06+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, 0:00 - Start
0:57 - DM HHS-CPN 9:30 AM
6:35 - SB 931
8:20 - DM HHS-CPN 9:30 AM
9:43 - SB 14
17:27 - SB 25
21:04 - SB 717
23:18 - SB 687
26:31 - DM CPN 9:40 AM
Hearing Notices:
HHS-CPN 9:30 AM
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2023/hearingnotices/HEARING_HHS-CPN_02-14-23_.PDF
HHS-CPN DM 9:30 AM
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2023/hearingnotices/HEARING_HHS-CPN_02-14-23-1_.PDF
CPN 9:40 AM
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2023/hearingnotices/HEARING_CPN_02-14-23_.PDF, 912, senate, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Local Government (3-16-22)
Keywords:
KY LRC YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1w3XTer1X0, 2026-06-21T07:17:00+00:00, 2.2.24, Data collected via generic collector engine, Meeting Start: 00:00
Roll Call: 00:24
SB 42 Discussion: 01:39
SB 42 Roll Call Vote: 14:21
HB 765 Discussion: 16:20
HB 765 Roll Call Vote: 17:56
HB 719 Discussion: 19:38
HB 719 Roll Call Vote: 20:39
HCR 126 Discussion: 21:45
HCR 126 Roll Call Vote: 35:11
SB 111 Discussion: 36:50
SB 111 Roll Call Vote: 41:07
SB 112 Discussion: 42:19
SB 112 Roll Call Vote: 43:38
SB 152 Discussion: 44:31
SB 152 Roll Call Vote: 45:57, 958, all, 2.2.42, 2.1.47
NH
New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session
House Public Works and Highways (03/24/2026)
Public Works and Highways
Transcript Highlights:
- :13.520>
is <00:35:13.839>graded <00:35:14.160>as <00:35:14.560>SPFs. - Under<00:35:16.720>
international <00:35:17.520>design <00:35:18.000>standards, - SPF<00:35:20.160>
is <00:35:20.400>viewed <00:35:21.200>as <00:35:21.520> - as stronger and denser<00:35:23.359>
largely <00:35:23.839>due <00:35:24.079>to < - 00:35:24.240>
the <00:35:24.480>cold <00:35:25.280>climate denser largely due to
Summary:
The committee first heard Senate Bill 497, a technical correction to last year’s capital budget. Shannon Reid of the Community College System of New Hampshire explained that the bill removes leftover state-agency boilerplate from a repurposed capital appropriation and replaces it with community college language, without changing any dollar amounts. She also described a requested amendment to rename a respiratory therapy renovation appropriation at Nashua Community College as an allied health instructional center, so the space can be used more flexibly for programs such as phlebotomy, radiologic technology, and LNA training. Terry Poff of the General Court then testified on the second part of the bill, which changes legislative space references to support the move of General Court offices from the second floor to the fourth floor of the annex as part of the legislative office building reconfiguration.
Members asked whether the community college changes affected funding, and Reid confirmed the amounts do not change and that the bill simply speeds up a correction that otherwise would have been handled later in the lapse process. Poff said the annex space change is part of a permanent transition, though the work cannot proceed until the General Court has legal control of the space. The committee then entered executive session, adopted Amendment 1031H on a 12-0 vote, and voted ought to pass as amended on SB 497 by a 12-0 vote, with several members absent. The bill was placed on the consent calendar.
The committee next opened a hearing on Senate Bill 529FN, which would give preference to lumber sourced in the United States on state-funded building projects. Representative Davis, introducing the bill for Senator Roachford, argued that New Hampshire timber is disadvantaged by grading rules that treat U.S. lumber differently from Canadian SPF lumber, even when the wood is from similar species and climates. He said the bill is intended to support New Hampshire’s timber industry and that architects and engineers would still be able to specify stronger materials when needed. Committee members questioned whether the bill should instead refer specifically to New Hampshire lumber, how it would be enforced, and what the cost impact would be. Davis and later witness Mike Olette said the issue is tied to industry grading standards rather than a government code, that the bill is meant to create a preference rather than a mandate, and that price differences are hard to pin down because lumber is a commodity. Olette, who lives near the border, testified that New Hampshire logs are often sent to Canada for milling and then return under a different grade, which he said puts New Hampshire loggers and mills at an economic disadvantage.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Interim Joint Committee on Transportation (9-16-25)
Transcript Highlights:
- <00:35:19.040>
I <00:35:19.200>support <00:35:19.440>it <00:35:19.760>100% - And I<00:35:21.440>
am <00:35:21.599>so <00:35:21.920>sorry <00:35:22.800>for preventable <00:35:28.640>is <00:35:28.960>that <00:35:29.280>much <00:35- I do have<00:35:31.520>
a <00:35:31.760>question <00:35:32.000>for <00:35:32.320> - How<00:35:52.960>
legal <00:35:53.520>is <00:35:53.839>it <00:35:54.480>for
Summary:
The committee first heard a presentation from the Kentucky Aviation Association on the importance of general aviation airports in Kentucky and their economic and public-safety role. Witnesses said the state has more than 50 general aviation airports that support jobs, agriculture, tourism, medical transport, disaster response, and law enforcement, and they urged continued support for aviation infrastructure and workforce development. They asked the legislature to again provide $200,000 per general aviation airport for operating and basic infrastructure costs, to route the money through the Kentucky Department of Aviation for accountability, to revisit a special-purpose governmental entity audit requirement they said is too costly for small airports, to create a long-term appropriations process for the roughly $100 million in unmet capital needs, and to fund the Arrow Act for aviation education and scholarships. Members asked about a dedicated aviation fuel tax and about local training partnerships, simulators, and school or community college programs; the witnesses said they preferred an appropriations-based solution and offered to help connect interested communities with aviation education resources.
The committee then took up “Troy’s Law,” sponsored by Representatives White and Flannery, which would allow tow trucks to use blue lights while stationary and actively removing vehicles or debris from highways. Sponsors and tow operators said the bill is intended to improve worker safety after the deaths of tow operators Troy Cwell and Hubert Mosley in highway hit-and-run incidents, and they emphasized that tow operators often work in dangerous conditions at night, in bad weather, and near fast-moving traffic. They said the proposal would not apply while driving or towing and noted that other states have adopted similar measures. Witnesses from the towing industry, including Bubba Johnson and Barbara Maguire, supported the bill as an added layer of protection and described tow operators as first responders who help motorists in emergencies. Representative Flannery and other members expressed support for the safety goal and invited further discussion, but no vote or final action was taken in the excerpt.
WY
Wyoming 2026 Regular Session
Joint Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs Committee, May 4, 2026 - AM
Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- , groundbreaking<00:35:04.520>
work <00:35:05.480>to <00:35:05.800>to <00:35:05.960 - > our<02:35:08.280>
AAA <02:35:08.840>and <02:35:09.000>AA <02:35:10.080> - rated fixed income<02:35:11.320>
which <02:35:11.600>pays <02:35:12.000>us <02:35 - So<02:35:26.680>
So <02:35:27.120>what <02:35:27.280>I'm <02:35:27.320>going< - do I'm<02:35:28.960>
going <02:35:29.080>to <02:35:29.160>let <02:35:29.640>
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Legislative Session Day 37 (3-2-26)
Kentucky House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- . interstates. interstates.
- >
see <00:35:01.880>that <00:35:02.080>it <00:35:02.200>is <00:35:02.320>< - >
that <00:35:04.360>this <00:35:04.560>is <00:35:04.680>the <00:35:04.800 - >
I <00:35:11.440>thank <00:35:11.680>her <00:35:11.800>very <00:35:12.240 - <00:35:31.120>
Speaker, <00:35:31.440>I <00:35:31.480>move <00:35:31.680>
Summary:
The House convened with an invocation and pledge, established a quorum with 95 members present, excused absent members, and suspended the rules to allow co-sponsorships and vote modifications. The chamber also received notice that the Senate had passed Senate Bills 33, 37, and 56 and requested concurrence, and it approved the journal from February 27, 2026.
The House then considered several bills. House Bill 648, relating to motor vehicle dealers, was explained as closing loopholes in warranty compensation for class 7 and 8 heavy-duty truck dealers; it passed 94-0. House Bill 299, relating to machine gun conversion devices or “Glock switches,” was amended by House Committee Substitute 1, described as mirroring existing federal law so local law enforcement can enforce it; it passed 65-25, with one member explaining support as a constitutional gun restriction. House Bill 282, “Troy’s Law,” relating to vehicle lights for tow trucks, was amended to allow green flashing, rotating, or oscillating lights for wreckers and was presented as a safety measure honoring tow operators killed or injured on highways; it passed unanimously. House Bill 658, relating to limited commercial driver’s licenses for agricultural businesses, was amended with clarifying language and passed 93-0. House Bill 519, relating to a voluntary notation on driver’s licenses or IDs for people with communication disorders, was described as a non-stigmatizing safety tool for first responders and passed 92-0. House Bill 246, “Keion’s Law,” requiring animal control officers to receive training to identify and report child abuse and neglect, was amended to address county liability concerns and passed 85-0 after testimony about child maltreatment data and the link between animal abuse and child abuse.
After the bills, the House took up additional business, including moving House Bills 619 and 651 from Appropriations and Revenue for second reading. The chamber also adopted Citation 52 recognizing the Model Laboratory School Personal Finance Team for winning a state competition, and Citation 51 honoring the Blueprint for Kentucky’s Children and Children’s Advocacy Week. Members announced committee meetings, an Americans for Prosperity Kentucky reception, and a Women’s History Month recognition highlighting Martha Layne Collins as Kentucky’s first and only female governor.
AL
Alabama 2026 1st Special Session
Alabama Senate County and Municipal Government Committee Jan 14th, 2026
County and Municipal Government
Transcript Highlights:
- like<00:35:02.720>
to <00:35:02.880>hear <00:35:03.040>what <00:35:03.200> - <00:35:03.760>
Randy, <00:35:04.160>come <00:35:04.320>come <00:35:04.560> - <00:35:05.520>
We <00:35:05.680>got <00:35:05.760>to <00:35:06.000>we're< - >> I<00:35:09.680>
I <00:35:09.760>I <00:35:10.320>promise <00:35:10.640> <00:35:10.880>- > I
won't <00:35:11.520>delay <00:35:12.160>this, <00:35:12.960
Bills:
HB117, HB17, HB22, HB153, HB140, HB117, HB17, HB22, HB153, HB140, SB12, SB42, SB93, SB28, SB35, SB134, SB12, SB42, SB93, SB28, SB35, SB134
Keywords:
procurement, county commission, administrative savings, public services, government efficiency, HB17, municipal audits, municipal audit clarification act, municipal finance, local government, city council, mayor, city manager, Department of Examiners of Public Accounts, independent public accountant, annual audit, biennial audit, annual report, financial accountability, public records
HI
Transcript Highlights:
- >
stay <00:35:16.720>on <00:35:16.880>top <00:35:17.040>of <00:35:17.200>< - <00:35:19.680>
So, <00:35:20.400>sorry <00:35:20.720>if <00:35:20.880>that - If there are<00:35:29.280>
no <00:35:29.440>other <00:35:29.680>questions, <00:35 - So, thank you.<00:35:37.839>
Thank <00:35:38.000>you, <00:35:38.160>chair <00:35: - I appreciate<00:35:39.280>
the <00:35:39.520>opportunity <00:35:40.000>to <00:35:
Summary:
The Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection Committee heard and considered a series of gubernatorial nominations to boards and commissions. Early nominees included Falleno Vital for the Boxing Commission, Rebecca Moore for the Board of Nursing, and Alexander Smith and Zachary Johnson for the Board of Public Accountancy. DCCA and board representatives testified in support of each, and the nominees who were present briefly described their qualifications and willingness to serve. The chair noted the unusually large volume of written testimony in support of the boxing nominee and emphasized that these are voluntary positions and nominees had already been vetted through questionnaires and resumes.
The committee then heard several nominations to the Hawaii Board of Optometry, the Motor Vehicle Repair Industry Board, and the Hawaii Medical Board. Ashley Porter and Katherine Mao spoke in support of their optometry nominations, Nathan Konishi supported his motor vehicle repair board nomination, and Gary Belchure discussed his reappointment to the medical board. A substantial portion of the discussion on the medical board focused on physician shortages, especially on the neighbor islands, and efforts to address them through the Interstate Medical Compact and pending legislation such as SB 1365. Board staff also discussed possible pathways for foreign medical graduates and the need for criminal background checks to fully participate in the compact.
The latter part of the hearing shifted to real estate commission nominations, including Audrey Abbe and Denise Lacosta. Testimony and member questions focused heavily on condominium governance, deferred maintenance, reserve studies, insurance costs, and the need for better education and oversight of volunteer board members and property managers. Both nominees said older buildings, rising insurance premiums, and lack of expertise among volunteer boards are major challenges, and they suggested more training, clearer guidance, stronger enforcement against unlicensed property management, and better access to qualified consultants and financing. No votes were taken during the hearing; the committee heard testimony and moved through the agenda nominee by nominee.
HI
Hawaii 2025 Regular Session
HRE, HRE Public Hearings 04-17-2025
Transcript Highlights:
- No,<00:35:05.680>
I <00:35:05.839>I'm <00:35:06.480>just <00:35:07.640>um - >
amazed <00:35:11.520>at <00:35:12.160>um <00:35:12.400>all <00:35:12.640 - to serve<00:35:15.839>
and <00:35:16.160>thank <00:35:16.320>you <00:35:16.480>< - are<00:35:19.839>
are <00:35:20.079>someone <00:35:20.400>that <00:35:21.040 - 35:30.240>
of <00:35:30.320>you <00:35:30.560>so <00:35:31.040>you <00:35:
Summary:
The committee first heard HCR 96, which encourages the University of Hawaiʻi to evaluate and expand student mental health services. University of Hawaiʻi Associate Vice President Farah Marie Gomes testified in support and noted the system’s mental health and basic-needs efforts across all 10 campuses. Members discussed staffing and funding constraints, including that the system had 27 adult mental health positions, 21 filled and six vacant, with one vacancy open for about four years. The resolution was adopted unanimously, unamended.
The committee then took up several gubernatorial appointments. GM 785 nominated Wendo Hensel to the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE), and GM 784 nominated Terry George to the same body. Both nominees testified about the value of Hawaiʻi’s participation in WICHE; Hensel emphasized the importance of sharing policy ideas and best practices, while George highlighted Hawaiʻi’s unique higher education needs and the benefits of learning from other western states. Both nominations were supported and moved forward.
The committee also considered multiple appointments to the Hawaiʻi Commission for National and Community Service. Kylie Alakard described wanting to serve as a youth voice and role model, and Ray Galas spoke about his prior volunteer board experience and desire to help people connect through service. Sandra Larson said volunteerism and community service were important to her and that she wanted to give back. The committee then heard GM 771 and GM 772 for Ken Kawahara to the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaiʻi; Kawahara said he would bring business and government experience to help with internal operations, education, and strategic goals, though he acknowledged he was still learning the organization’s details. Members also began hearing GM 624 for Joshua Famuina to the University of Hawaiʻi Board of Regents, with student caucus testimony in strong support emphasizing his attendance, communication, and engagement with students.
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- :03.639>
read <01:35:04.000>this <01:35:04.280>as <01:35:04.400>an <01:35: - ><01:35:07.800>
just <01:35:07.960>appreciate <01:35:08.360>kind <01:35:08.440> <01:35:08.960>- c> that
that's <01:35:09.119>the <01:35:09.239>intent <01:35:09.880 - 01:35:13.840>
didn't <01:35:14.119>kind <01:35:14.199>of <01:35:14.360>initially - >
text <01:35:16.800>um <01:35:16.960>I <01:35:17.040>do <01:35:17.239>
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Energy Finance and Policy Committee 3/11/25
Energy Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- I really I can't<00:35:02.320>
comand <00:35:02.800>on <00:35:03.040>that <00:35 - law<00:35:19.280>
representative <00:35:20.119>Holland <00:35:20.560>you <00:35: - :35:25.320>
do <00:35:25.880>I <00:35:26.079>guess <00:35:26.960>I <00:35: - ><00:35:30.720>
not <00:35:30.880>a <00:35:31.000>lawyer <00:35:31.480>I - > um<00:35:33.240>
when <00:35:33.400>you <00:35:33.560>were <00:35:34.240>
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- 00:35:02.040>
well <00:35:02.240>if <00:35:02.359>there <00:35:02.520>was - <00:35:03.560>
my <00:35:03.680>bill <00:35:03.920>if <00:35:04.079>there - <00:35:04.800>
who <00:35:05.000>had <00:35:05.119>a <00:35:05.240>heart < - <00:35:06.760>
the <00:35:07.000>AED <00:35:07.720>we <00:35:07.920>we - 00:35:10.880>
know <00:35:11.119>would <00:35:11.280>we <00:35:11.400>know
KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Legislative Session Day 39 (3-4-26)
Kentucky House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- 00:35:10.400>
by <00:35:10.640>the <00:35:10.960>current <00:35:11.680>law - 35 for >> Can the lady from Jefferson 35 for discussion<00:35:21.920>
of <00:35:22.000>< - <00:35:31.839>
So, <00:35:32.240>sponsor, <00:35:32.800>I'm <00:35:33.040> - I<00:35:34.560>
think <00:35:34.720>I <00:35:34.880>heard <00:35:35.119>you - c><00:35:35.359>
say <00:35:35.599>that <00:35:36.000>if <00:35:36.240>they
Summary:
The House convened with prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance, then approved the journal, excused absent members, and suspended rules to allow co-sponsorships and vote modifications. The clerk reported Senate Bills 156, 173, and 193 had passed the Senate and requested concurrence. Committee reports were then read, advancing a number of bills on banking and insurance, judiciary, licensing/occupations, and primary/secondary education, including measures on insurance, fraudulent practices, virtual currency kiosks, eminent domain, DUI, legal representation, costs and fees, barbering, fire protection, licensing background checks, dentistry, school reporting, teacher certification, and educator placement. Those favorable reports were treated as first readings and placed on the calendar.
The chamber then took up House Bill 307, the “My Kentucky Future Act,” on proactive post-secondary admission. Sponsors explained that the bill would send opt-in letters from public universities to eligible high school juniors, include a common application for the state’s public institutions, and share data with KY Stats to track outcomes. Members asked about scholarships, the target student group, and privacy; the sponsor clarified that participation is voluntary, the letters do not guarantee admission, and the program is meant to streamline college access. House Committee Substitute 2 and House Floor Amendment 2 were adopted, and HB 307 passed 97-0.
House Bill 418 on domestic violence was then considered. The sponsor said the bill prioritizes the non-offending parent, requires abusive parents to address violent behavior before unsupervised visitation, and gives courts more tools to consider false abuse allegations and victim advocates’ testimony. House Committee Substitute 1 was adopted, and after brief discussion the bill passed 96-1. House Bill 593 on data centers followed; its sponsor said the measure is intended to support data center development while protecting ratepayers from subsidizing infrastructure risk, requiring companies to bring their own generation, buy power on the open market, or prepay certain costs. After adopting House Committee Substitute 1, the bill passed 90-8.
The House also passed House Bill 5 on prison educational programs, with a committee substitute and a floor amendment adding data collection on post-release employment; it passed 99-0. Finally, House Bill 584 on licenses for prescribing or dispensing controlled substances was debated. The sponsor said the bill removes a permanent ban so a physician who has regained licensure may apply for DEA registration, while opponents raised concerns about repeated misconduct and the ability to practice without DEA authority. The transcript cuts off before final disposition on HB 584.
TX
Keywords:
SB 801, birth certificate, birth record, certified copy, homeless, homelessness, unhoused, vital records, state registrar, local registrar, county clerk, fee waiver, identity documents, ID access, housing insecurity, shelter, transitional housing, Health and Safety Code, HHSC, Health and Human Services Commission
TX
Keywords:
SB 801, birth certificate, birth record, certified copy, homeless, homelessness, unhoused, vital records, state registrar, local registrar, county clerk, fee waiver, identity documents, ID access, housing insecurity, shelter, transitional housing, Health and Safety Code, HHSC, Health and Human Services Commission
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Human Committee Meeting - 2025-04-03
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- Sections 1-7, 13-25, 27-30, 34-35, and 35-35. Sections 2-8, 9-10, 11-11, 12-11, 13-11, and 12-12.
- Section 35, also from the DHS Policy Bill, allows for reimbursement for travel expenses to and from.
- Also from House File 2143, Sections 5, 7 through 10, and 35 add complex post-traumatic stress disorder
- And section 35 is just repealing outdated home and community-based services licensing standards and community
Keywords:
human services, aging services, disability services, behavioral health, long-term care, nursing home, nursing facility, assisted living, waiver services, medical assistance, Medicaid, case mix reimbursement, PDPM, RUG, direct care and treatment, developmental disabilities, day services, positive support, guardian, conservator
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 4/3/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- :14.719>
to <01:35:14.880>the <01:35:15.040>age <01:35:15.199>of <01:35:15.360 to <01:35:22.560>help <01:35:22.719>those <01:35:23.040>incredible <01:35- <01:35:34.800>
for <01:35:34.960>an <01:35:35.199>increase <01:35:35.440> - million<01:35:36.639>
over <01:35:36.960>the <01:35:37.120>course <01:35:37.360> - <01:35:55.440>
All <01:35:55.679>these <01:35:55.920>investments <01:35:56.400
Keywords:
human services, aging services, disability services, behavioral health, long-term care, nursing home, nursing facility, assisted living, waiver services, medical assistance, Medicaid, case mix reimbursement, PDPM, RUG, direct care and treatment, developmental disabilities, day services, positive support, guardian, conservator
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- bill good morning chair Hall and members of the committee HB 141 is an effort to adopt a revised interstate
- . joined the revised ICPC in the first 35 states to sign on to the revised compact.
- They need. get a total of 35 states before it can even be enforced.
- September 1st, but this new revision would not go into effect until 35 states have adopted it.
- There's 35 states.
Keywords:
Medicaid, nutrition support, maternal health, chronic conditions, pilot program, DFPS, Department of Family and Protective Services, child protective services, child abuse investigations, child neglect, child exploitation, advisory committee, Family and Protective Services Council, council abolition, foster care, due process, investigative procedures, child welfare, parental rights, family preservation services
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- section 41 do not apply to any licens... 1982 do not apply to any license requirement imposed by the interstate
Keywords:
criminal procedure, split sentencing, probation, Class A felony, Class B felony, minimum confinement, custodial sexual misconduct, sexual misconduct, inmate abuse, prisoner exploitation, correctional staff, jail staff, detention center, probation officer, parole officer, Department of Corrections, Department of Youth Services, sheriff, county jail, municipal jail
TX
Keywords:
lottery, gambling, internet gaming, mobile application, criminal offenses, SB 687, land surveyor, land surveying, surveying services, construction contract, anti-indemnity, indemnity, hold harmless, defense obligation, standard of care, professional negligence, civil practice and remedies code, local government code, governmental agency, public contracts
Summary:
The meeting was a crucial session for discussing several important bills including SB992, which aims to establish a clear time frame for the Attorney General's approval on outside legal counsel for state agencies. Senator Nichols presented the bill, emphasizing its necessity for timely responses to ensure efficient legal processing. Another notable discussion centered around SB523, which seeks to allow parole and probation officers to use a business address on their driver's licenses for safety and security purposes. This bill passed favorably out of the committee, with public testimony supporting the need for such provisions due to the risks these officers face.