Transcript Highlights:

• With respect discoveries.
• Southwestern and an area of enormous potential for transformative discoveries that will change lives.
• Iraq patient care and discovery, especially given our part in Texas is growing so dramatically.
• These discoveries are being moved into the clinical trial arrangement. now.
• Further, we will engage UTMB's Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery to create new therapies to prevent

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• It would dramatically impact the ability to produce biomedical cures and discovery and technologies that
• And it pays for people and activities delivering on our Public Service Mission, taking our discoveries
• And it pays for people and activities delivering on our Public Service Mission, taking our discoveries
• In the research and discovery lane, it supports the grant application process, including faculty and
• Lane it supports research and Discovery Lane it supports the<01:25:15.679> Grant<01:25:16.080

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Although the Sunset Review of TC sworn complaint files revealed no abuse of the discovery process, Sunset
• recommended that TC adopt discovery control plans to ensure speedy resolutions of cases.
• The discovery control plans mirror those plans that you would see in the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
• Those are the bulk of the rules, and I think it will result in clearly defined discovery. obligations
• , clearly defined discovery limits.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, I know what it's like on a discovery level as well.
• What I'd like to speak briefly to is about victim blaming and discovery. I want to be very clear.
• Victim blaming is icky and it's shameful, and discovery can be a brutal process for litigants.
• <00:17:30.160> Um, discovery that needs to take place.
• Um, discovery that needs to take place.

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The committee first took up SB 2567, a Judiciary package measure concerning temporary restraining orders for threats and harassment tied to a public employee’s official actions. Representatives from the Attorney General’s Office and the Judiciary said they had worked out a compromise to address earlier concerns, including a two-year pilot project, broader coverage for state officers and employees across all branches and counties, a special fund to pay for private counsel in some cases, and authority for Judiciary staff attorneys or Judiciary funds to represent Judiciary personnel. Members asked about coverage for retired judges, funding limits, and whether the measure could be used for workplace disputes; the witnesses said retired judges and per diem judges could be covered if the harassment related to their work, the fund would be limited and subject to available appropriations, and petitions would not be allowed between employees in the same branch. The chair recommended passage with amendments, and the committee adopted the recommendation unanimously. The committee then heard SB 2448, which creates a civil remedy for the unauthorized disclosure of intimate images under the Uniform Civil Remedies for Unauthorized Disclosure of Intimate Images Act. The bill’s proponent from the Uniform Law Commission explained that a plaintiff would need to show intentional disclosure or threat of disclosure of a private intimate image without consent, and said the privacy question would be fact-specific. Supporters, including the Commission on the Status of Women and Imua Alliance, favored giving survivors civil recourse. Opponents from the Sex Abuse Treatment Center and others warned that the term "private" could invite victim-blaming and broad discovery into a survivor’s past, while still acknowledging the need for some privacy limitation to avoid overbreadth, especially for people who intentionally distribute intimate content online. Committee members questioned whether the definition of "private" should be tightened. The bill’s proponent said the term should remain because it aligns with the related criminal statute and helps keep the measure focused on classic revenge-porn situations, while still allowing Hawaii-specific changes if needed. The committee did not take final action on SB 2448 in the portion provided, but testimony and discussion centered on balancing survivor protections with concerns about discovery and the scope of liability.

Transcript Highlights:

• Private data or not public data under the Government Data Practices Act is still subject to discovery
• motions and compelling discovery.
• > discovery and compelling discovery and compelling discovery um<00:13:59.680> and<00:14
• ,<00:15:37.600> which mean you'd have to have discovery, which mean you'd have to have discovery
• <00:16:22.320> without<00:16:22.720> forcing<00:16:23.680> the in discovery

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The conference committee took testimony on Senate File 3051, which would allow law enforcement to release unredacted collision crash investigation video and related data to certain requesters, rather than requiring redaction first. Joel Carlson, speaking for the Minnesota Association for Justice, said the bill is intended to save local governments time and money because redacted video is often later released unredacted through court motions anyway. He emphasized that the proposal is limited to people already entitled to crash reports, requires a written request and accident report, does not create an affirmative duty to release data, and preserves law enforcement’s ability to withhold data for active investigations or other protected information. He also cited the Burks decision as support for the view that a subject of data is entitled to the full data even if it includes other subjects. Colonel Christina Bogavich of the Minnesota State Patrol raised concerns that the bill would still require staff to review videos for exceptions, including private data involving bystanders, juveniles, undercover officers, CAD information, and other protected material, so it would not create the claimed time savings. She also said the bill expands the number of potential requesters and lacks a liability provision if released data is improperly disseminated. Committee members and staff discussed the current Data Practices Act, including that private data can still be discoverable in litigation through a court balancing test and that protective orders may apply. A preliminary fiscal note estimated a Department of Public Safety cost of $4,026,334 annually, and members requested copies of the note. Members questioned whether the bill would actually reduce work or simply shift when the work occurs, and whether a litigation-specific exception to redaction should be added. Carlson said he was open to changes, including making release permissive rather than mandatory and strengthening the use restrictions, while members noted the proposal had not yet been heard in the House and would need more vetting. No vote or final action was taken on the provision during this discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• The Attorney General's Office is discussing discovery in enforcement litigation proceedings.
• I think that second, the Act does not deem the Attorney General as the sole party for discovery purposes
• lack of these protections subjected the Office of the Attorney General to costly and burdensome discovery
• Anti-trust litigation, Senate Bill 2417 mitigates costly discovery requests by establishing that investigatory
• The Attorney General is the sole party for purposes of discovery in enforcement proceedings, and I believe

Bills: SB1888, SB3003, SB2417, SB2459, SB3055, HB1393, HB2884, SB2943

Keywords: grand jury, jury qualifications, jury wheel, small counties, Texas legislation, age verification, obscene devices, online sales, juvenile protection, penalties, antitrust, attorney general, Texas Free Enterprise, business regulations, legal confidentiality, personal identifying information, data brokers, judicial safety, civil rights, data privacy

Transcript Highlights:

• currently written, the act lacks two important protections for the Attorney General's office concerning discovery
• I think, and second, the Act does not deem the Attorney General as the sole party for discovery purposes
• of these protections subjects, subjected the Office of Attorney General to costly and burdensome discovery
• Uh, SB 2417 mitigates costly discovery requests by establishing, one, that investigatory notes and memorandum
• product, exempt from disclosure, and two, that the Attorney General is the sole party for purposes of discovery

Bills: SB 1888, SB 3003, SB 2417, SB 2459, SB 3055, HB 1393, HB 2884, SB 2943

Keywords: grand jury, jury qualifications, jury wheel, small counties, Texas legislation, age verification, obscene devices, online sales, juvenile protection, penalties, antitrust, attorney general, Texas Free Enterprise, business regulations, legal confidentiality, personal identifying information, data brokers, judicial safety, civil rights, data privacy

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, and the reason I asked was because of the limited discovery, making sure that that is not unfairly
• It's just whether you wait until the end of discovery or earlier in that process, you can petition the
• Is that— to petition the judge for it, yes, as opposed to the end of discovery, earlier.
• Oh, prior to discovery. Okay. Thank you. Okay. Any other questions? Thank you.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 1067, the Uniform Public Expression Protection Act, an anti-SLAPP measure intended to protect Missourians from meritless lawsuits that chill First Amendment activity. Senator Mike Henderson, the bill sponsor, said it would cover speech on matters of public concern, including social media and political speech, and would let defendants seek an early ruling so they are not forced through lengthy, expensive litigation. In response to questions, he said the bill would not eliminate defamation or slander claims and would likely reduce strain on the courts by allowing quicker dismissal of weak cases. Supporters testified that the bill would protect journalists, broadcasters, and the public from frivolous suits aimed at silencing speech. The Missouri Press Association, the Institute for Free Speech, the Missouri Broadcasters Association, and Missouri Right to Life all spoke in favor. The Institute for Free Speech witness noted the bill is a companion to House Bill 2666 and said similar language has repeatedly received strong bipartisan support in Missouri and has been adopted in 36 states. Committee members asked about examples, the scope of protected speech, and whether expedited procedures would burden courts or disadvantage plaintiffs. No witnesses spoke in opposition. After the public testimony, the chair closed the hearing on SB 1067 and adjourned the Judiciary Committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• So one discovery that I'll tell you about today is how we've developed small beads that are edible that
• And so one discovery is that we were able to tweak the...
• So one discovery is that we were able to tweak the size and texture of these beads, these little boba
• And on the right, you'll see one of our discoveries: how we can, we discovered a new way, a new kind
• And this is just one example of a discovery of the types of pathways that can regulate and inform how

Summary: The Select Committee on Alternative Protein Innovation held its first informational hearing to examine the state of alternative protein research, industry growth, and policy needs in California. The chair opened by noting California’s $5 million public investment in UC research in 2022 and framed the hearing around three panels: the climate, environmental, and security potential of alternative proteins; industry scaling and commercialization; and university-led research and workforce development. Members emphasized that the committee will continue with site visits and additional hearings across the state. The first panel focused on the case for alternative proteins as a climate, land, water, biodiversity, and food-security solution. Shana Fertig of the Good Food Institute argued that plant-based, fermentation-derived, and cultivated proteins can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water use while helping California meet its climate and conservation goals. Zane Swanson of CSIS added that alternative proteins could reduce risks tied to zoonotic disease, antimicrobial resistance, supply-chain disruption, and broader national security concerns. In questions, members discussed the role of pharmaceuticals in animal agriculture and how alternative proteins might complement, rather than replace, traditional farming by creating new markets for California crops and helping farmers diversify. The second panel featured industry leaders Ethan Brown of Beyond Meat, Myra Passick of Upside Foods, and Arye Elfenbein of Wildtype. Brown highlighted plant-based meat’s health and climate benefits, criticized misinformation campaigns against the sector, and urged better labeling, reduced subsidies for factory farming, and more plant-based food in public institutions. Passick described cultivated meat as a scalable food-production technology, said Upside Foods has already produced millions of pounds annually at its Emeryville facility, and asked for grants, low-interest loans, and possible participation in cap-and-trade or similar revenue programs. Elfenbein described cultivated seafood as a way to address overfishing, contamination, traceability problems, and the heavy import dependence of the U.S. seafood supply, while also noting conservation benefits and the need for California to remain a hub for the industry. The final panel centered on research and workforce development. UCLA’s Amy Rowat described state-funded work on technical bottlenecks such as growing fat cells and creating edible scaffolds, along with a Future Food Fellows program that trains students across science, engineering, law, and policy. UC Santa Cruz economist Galina Hale argued that alternative proteins are necessary to meet future protein demand while reducing food-system emissions, and said California must support the sector through grants, loans, procurement, and research centers to avoid losing leadership to other states and countries. The hearing ended with the chair thanking the witnesses, noting that all materials would be posted online, and saying the committee would continue building policy and budget proposals to support the sector.

Transcript Highlights:

• And although the Sunset review of TC sworn complaint files revealed no abuse of discovery process, Sunset
• recommended TC adopt discovery control plans to ensure speed resolutions of cases.
• The discovery control plans mirror those plans that you would see in the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
• Uh, and I think, I think it'll result in clearly defined discovery, um, obligations, uh, clearly defined
• discovery limits.

Transcript Highlights:

• That the PAO has the ability to do discovery of financial accounts of utilities.
• The right to do discovery.
• of an uptick in utilities trying to not comply with discovery.
• They have been good actors and they have complied with discovery.
• It's specific to the PAO's ability to conduct discovery. Specific to any one industry.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Utilities and Energy heard several bills focused on utility affordability, transparency, and clean energy. SB 327 would bar investor-owned utilities from using ratepayer funds to oppose municipal utility formation and would clarify the Public Advocates Office’s authority to inspect utility books; supporters framed it as a ratepayer protection measure, while utilities and telecom/broadband interests opposed it unless amended, citing concerns about scope and participation in regulatory proceedings. After questions about how it differed from AB 1167 and how PAO discovery disputes are handled, the committee passed SB 327 as amended to Appropriations on an 11-2 vote, later reopening the roll to 12-2. SB 1350 would allow renewable portfolio standard credit for power plants using green hydrogen, with the author and supporters emphasizing hydrogen’s role in decarbonization, grid reliability, jobs, and the Lancaster/ARCHES project. Environmental groups opposed the bill unless amended, warning about NOx emissions, paper transactions, and the need for stronger safeguards on hydrogen sourcing and delivery. The committee discussed amendments, including a minimum 20% hydrogen blend and emissions-related guardrails, and passed the bill to Natural Resources on a 14-0 vote, later reopening the roll to 18-0. SB 868, the Plug and Play Solar Act, would create a framework for small plug-in balcony solar devices for renters and others without rooftop solar access, while setting safety standards and limiting system size. Supporters said it would lower bills and expand access to solar; utilities and some public power entities raised safety and backfeed concerns, arguing interconnection review under Rule 21 remains necessary. After extensive discussion of safety, certification, and export limits, the committee passed SB 868 as amended to Appropriations on a 17-0 vote, later reopening the roll to 18-0. SB 1233, a transparency bill requiring additional disclosure about utility cash on hand, capital structure, and related reporting, drew utility opposition over duplicative processes and possible delays, but was passed as amended to Appropriations on a 10-3 vote, later reopened to 11-3. The committee also approved the consent calendar unanimously and adjourned after reopening the rolls for absent members to add on.

Transcript Highlights:

• Okay, and the reason I asked was because of the limited discovery, making sure that that is not unfairly
• It's just whether you wait till the end of discovery or earlier in that process, you can petition the
• Yes, as opposed to the end of discovery, earlier. Oh, prior to discovery. Okay, thank you.

Summary: The committee held a public hearing on Senate Bill 1067, a Uniform Public Expression Protection Act intended to deter meritless lawsuits that chill free speech, often referred to as SLAPP suits. Senator Mike Henderson explained that the bill is based on a model from the Uniform Law Commission and would apply broadly to speech on matters of public concern, including political speech and social media, while preserving defamation and other legitimate claims. He said the bill gives defendants an immediate right to appeal anti-SLAPP rulings and requires plaintiffs to show early that their case has merit. Committee members asked about when the bill would apply, whether it would affect government-related speech, and whether expedited procedures would burden the courts; Henderson responded that it should reduce strain by allowing quicker dismissal of weak cases. Witnesses testified in support of the bill. Doug Cruz of the Missouri Press Association said journalists and the public are frequent targets of expensive, meritless lawsuits meant to suppress reporting and speech. James Harris of the Institute for Free Speech said the bill is the companion to House Bill 2666 and noted similar versions have passed committee and the House in prior sessions with strong bipartisan support; he described the bill as allowing an earlier petition to the judge rather than waiting until the end of discovery. Michael Henderson, for the Missouri Broadcasters Association, and Susan Klein, for Missouri Right to Life, also spoke in favor. No one testified in opposition, and the chair closed the hearing and adjourned the Judiciary Committee.

Transcript Highlights:

• pre-trial procedures including discovery pre-trial procedures including discovery and<00:04:59.320
• discovery, as we discussed. discovery, as we discussed.
• Some states have also allowed the parties to request additional discovery, or if it's just discovery
• And a motion for summary discovery.
• Chestek, regarding discovery.

Keywords: 916, all

Transcript Highlights:

• So I think this bill is trying to start the date from the date of discovery whenever that point is.
• The discovery then five? Yes. Within the, it starts from, you know, when you file your report.
• So I think this bill is trying to start the date from the date of discovery whenever that point is.
• The discovery then five? Yes. Within the, it starts from, you know, when you file your report.
• So I think this bill is trying to start the date from the date of discovery whenever that point is.

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The committee heard opening remarks and ground rules from Chair David Tarnas, including a request for two-minute testimony limits, clear speaking, Zoom etiquette, and respectful conduct. The first measure taken up was HB 2062, relating to gun violence prevention, which would appropriate funds for enforcement of gun violence protective orders and for public awareness campaigns. Judiciary submitted written testimony recommending technical changes to clarify that it does not enforce laws and instead should be funded for personnel to process temporary restraining orders and gun violence protective orders; the Department of Law Enforcement supported the bill and said it is well positioned to conduct public education. Support also came from county and advocacy witnesses, including Moms Demand Action, Giffords Gun Owners for Safety, HGEA, and a retired police officer, while opposition testimony argued the measure raises due process and Fifth Amendment concerns and that education, not enforcement, should be the focus. The chair noted 37 testimonies in support, 103 in opposition, and three comments; no vote was taken in the portion provided. Testimony on HB 2062 emphasized both public safety and constitutional concerns. Supporters described the bill as a way to increase awareness of an existing legal tool, prevent suicides and shootings, and help law enforcement and the public understand gun violence protective orders. Opponents, including gun owners and firearms groups, argued that red flag laws can be abused, lack due process, and should not be expanded through state funding. A county neighborhood safety witness suggested an amendment to allow public, private, and nonprofit consultants to assist with training and implementation. Members asked a few questions, but the agencies with written testimony were not present, so the chair referred members to their submissions. The committee then moved to HB 2061, relating to firearms, which appropriates money for the state gun buyback program and requires at least two buyback events in each county. Written support was noted from the Department of Law Enforcement, Hawaii County Council, the County of Kauai Prosecuting Attorney, and the Hawaii State Association of Counties, with the latter emphasizing that buybacks are voluntary prevention tools that can reduce risk before crises escalate. Opposition came from the Mid-Pacific Pistol League, SDM Training Group/Bows and Bullets, and others; one witness argued buybacks are ineffective, costly, and can be vulnerable to misuse or black-market diversion, and suggested a year-round surrender option instead. The committee heard additional support from a retired police officer and from a gun violence survivor with Students Demand Action, but no final action or vote was taken in the excerpt provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• up there is an automatic Discovery up there is an automatic Discovery before<03:40:12.760> the
• <03:45:04.920> that's try to limit the discovery that's try to limit the discovery that's
• rules. be the discovery process and the rules be the discovery process and the rules that<03:56:05.520
• that are kind of laid out for Discovery that are kind of laid out for Discovery um<03:56:08.960>
• done under the discovery done under the discovery rules<03:56:56.040> R<03:56:56.479>

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The House Education Policy and Administration Committee heard testimony on HB 222, which would repeal the requirement that a chartered public school and the resident school district sign a memorandum of understanding on how students with disabilities will receive special education services. The prime sponsor, Rep. Peggy Balboni, said the bill was requested by the New Hampshire Association of Special Education Administrators and the New Hampshire Alliance for Public Charter Schools. She argued that federal and state law already require districts to provide FAPE and that the MOU requirement has created extra work, legal costs, and delays without improving services. She said many MOUs remain unsigned, but students are still receiving services and complaint numbers have not changed. Rep. Mooney also supported repeal, calling the MOU duplicative and impractical because IEPs and 504 plans already govern services. Testimony from Jane B. Brulu of the special education administrators’ association and Beth McLure of the charter schools alliance echoed that view, saying the MOU has not helped students, has added hours of work and legal fees, and has mostly been a source of disputes over funding and service costs. McLure said her school has worked with more than 15 districts and has always been able to reach agreements, though the first year of the requirement took substantial time and money. Committee members asked about the original purpose of the law, unsigned MOUs, and whether disputes could be resolved without the requirement. A representative from the Department of Education said the MOU was originally proposed to address reports that some students were not getting services on time and to provide some oversight, but the department has no authority to order charter schools or districts to agree and no appeal process if they cannot. The department also said it does not currently audit charter school special education services because it lacks authority to monitor charter schools directly, and it urged the committee to consider some alternative oversight if the MOU requirement is repealed. The hearing on HB 222 was then closed, and the committee announced it would begin the hearing on HB 699 after a short break.

Transcript Highlights:

• So, this is about discovery.
• So, um, discovery it says provided absent good cause or agreement of the parties, any motion for continuance
• to allow time to complete the discovery shall be filed no later than 5 days.
• It's about as limited as discovery as you can be if you can have.
• And what I would say discovery rights.

Keywords: 928, house, all

Summary: The subcommittee took up a proposed amendment to HP 598, with Nick Norman walking members through changes intended to preserve the existing eviction framework rather than create a separate expedited process. He said the amendment folds the bill’s changes into current law, adds limits on post-judgment motions and continuances, shortens or eliminates certain discretionary stays in default situations, and speeds issuance of notices and writs of possession. The amendment also adds language to RSA 540A to allow action against tenants, family members, guests, or occupants engaging in conduct that damages property or threatens health and safety, and it changes the effective date to 90 days after passage. Norman also said the amendment was meant to reduce frivolous delays and court fiscal impacts. Members raised concerns about several provisions, especially the clause barring discretionary stays after tenant default, the use of the word “immediately” for issuing writs, and the reduction of discretionary stays from 90 days to 60 days. One member asked for clarification on whether any meritorious circumstances should still allow a stay, and another suggested defining a specific timeline for judgments after hearings. Norman responded that the default provision was aimed at cases where tenants do not appear at all, and he said the intent was to prevent abuse of the process. He also discussed the new RSA 540A language as a way to address serious health and safety problems, including unauthorized occupants and hoarding. Other testimony was generally supportive of the amendment as an improvement over the original bill, but several witnesses urged changes. New Hampshire Legal Assistance said it would likely be neutral if recommended edits were made, and suggested clarifying language, preserving the ability to strike defaults, and allowing longer stays by agreement of the parties. That witness and others argued that a 60-day cap could interfere with negotiated move-out agreements and could be too short in some cases, especially for elderly or disabled tenants. There was also discussion of narrowing the new 540A remedy to the specific person causing the problem, while preserving protections for innocent household members, particularly in domestic violence situations. No vote or final action was taken in the excerpt; the chair indicated the committee would consider revised language before executive session.

Transcript Highlights:

• When they are charged with a crime, I'm then given, and I demand, discovery.
• Discovery is governed under the Minnesota criminal procedure rules, which is not governed by the Data
• Normally, in the course of discovery, I get police reports, which are mostly non-public.
• It is my responsibility as a member of the bar and an advocate for me to review all of that discovery
• given and I demand discovery. given and I demand discovery.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• All of you probably remember last year we had the excitement around a discovery of helium in northern
• up north um excuse me helium Discovery up north um and<00:32:08.679> we<00:32:08.840> also
• The well is on private land that is doing discovery drilling.
• <00:57:29.039> drills agencies on these Discovery drills agencies on these Discovery drills
• <01:05:03.760> Well it feels like this one Discovery Well it feels like this one Discovery

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• c><00:08:48.880> helium them in particular is the helium them in particular is the helium discovery
• 50.000> we<00:08:50.080> have<00:08:50.240> in<00:08:50.399> northern discovery
• that we have in northern discovery that we have in northern Minnesota.<00:08:51.440> This<00:
• <00:09:00.320> for<00:09:00.560> that<00:09:00.800> helium<00:09:01.279> discovery
• process for that helium discovery process for that helium discovery because<00:09:02.160> in<

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• This is a really nice display of just some of the more famous University research discoveries, but how
• At the University of Minnesota, we're driven to discover, and many of those research discoveries turn
• Our discoveries are going after those really important, pressing challenges, everything from helping
• The first is discovery science research, which is the fundamental core elements, the basic biology that
• uh translation U uh around Discovery uh translation U centers<01:35:46.040> as<01:35:46.480><

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The House Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee met and approved the minutes from the previous meeting. The chair noted that agency overviews from the Office of Higher Education and other state agencies were not available, so the committee proceeded with University of Minnesota presentations instead. The committee also reviewed posted committee rules. University of Minnesota representatives gave an overview of the university’s research enterprise, describing it as a system of five campuses with a possible expansion to St. Cloud, and highlighting research strengths across campuses in agriculture, energy, natural resources, health, and the Twin Cities flagship campus. They said the university has more than $1.3 billion in annual research expenditures, receives most of its research funding from federal sources, and is ranked highly for both overall research and interdisciplinary research. Examples discussed included the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, the Forever Green initiative, and research tied to sustainable crops, health, and commercialization. Members asked questions about specific research areas, including biodegradable or renewable plastics, wheat research, food dyes, health and environmental toxins, and the market for winter camelina and winter pennycress. University staff said they could follow up with more detailed information and explained that the winter crop work is intended to become market-driven over time, while also improving soil health and creating new revenue streams for farmers. They also clarified that the university’s federal research funding includes money from NIH, NSF, DOE, DOD, and other agencies, and that the “other” funding category includes foundations, subawards, and internal university seed funding. The committee then heard a second University of Minnesota presentation focused on partnerships, commercialization, and workforce development. Testimony highlighted collaborations with industry and government partners such as U.S. Steel, 3M, Medtronic, Cisco, and defense-related industry leaders, as well as programs supporting microelectronics, AI, cybersecurity, and sustainable aviation fuels. No formal votes were taken beyond approving the minutes, and the committee ended the segment by moving on to the next testifier.