Video & Transcript : 'federal poverty guidelines' :
Page 58 of 500
AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- If a wildfire occurs on federally managed land.
- And even why would you specify fires on federal public lands?
- ADEQ already has the authority and expertise to do this when it meets federal standards.
- I understand that there are also federal dollars that come in for this purpose.
- You know, the issue with the federal dollars, as usual, it's kind of like PILT.
Committee:
Senate Natural Resources
Keywords:
air pollution, wildfires, environmental standards, public health, Arizona Revised Statutes, assured water supply, groundwater, commingling, commingled water, water supply, Arizona Department of Water Resources, ADWR, active management area, AMA, subdivision plat, development approval, water rights, municipal provider, private water company, certificate of assured water supply
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Floor Session Mar 6th, 2026
Washington House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- 340B program, federal law, but I believe that it's really up to our federal partners to make sure that
- Speaker, the 340B program is a federal program. All policies are done at the federal level.
- This is a federal program, and it should be administered federally, and the underlying policy is a dramatic
- All of them have ended up in federal court.
- And 340B is a federal program.
Bills:
HB2720 , HB2073 , HB2487 , SB5816 , SB5919 , SB5831 , SB6137 , SB6244 , SB6044 , SB6132 , SB5109 , SB5877 , SB6258
Keywords:
behavioral health, emergency services, health insurance, provider access, mental health funding, premium assistance, funding, healthcare, subsidies, insurance tax, state regulation, insurers, taxation, budget impact, juice grapes, agriculture, commerce, market access, fire safety, insurance incentives
Summary:
The House took up and passed Second Substitute Senate Bill 5292, which modifies the paid family and medical leave program. Supporters said the bill uses an actuarial model to set rates and maintains a four-month reserve to improve program stability. It passed final passage 95-1.
The House then considered Substitute Senate Bill 5841, dealing with completion of course and financial aid-related requirements. An amendment was adopted to add a financial aid calculator and require outreach to students who indicate they have completed a financial aid form, with supporters saying it would help students understand aid eligibility and access college opportunities. The bill then passed as amended, 92-4.
The most extensive debate was on Engrossed Second Substitute Senate Bill 5981, concerning the 340B drug pricing program and contract pharmacy relationships. Members offered many amendments seeking to limit the bill’s scope, add transparency, or direct 340B savings toward patient care, low-income patients, rural areas, or charity care; most were rejected. Supporters argued the bill would help safety-net providers, hospitals, and FQHCs, while opponents warned it would mainly benefit large hospital systems, create administrative burdens, and likely face litigation. After the House adopted the committee amendment and rejected the floor amendments, the bill passed 67-30. The transcript then moved on to other business, including Senate messages and the start of debate on House Bill 2487 on taxes, with one technical amendment to clarify taxpayer definitions.
AL
Transcript Highlights:
- Chartered by the state of Alabama or a member bank of the Federal Reserve System and approved by the
- </c><00:16:25.680><c> by</c><00:16:25.920><c> Brown</c><00:16:26.160><c> for</c><00:16:26.399><c> federal
- </c><00:16:27.040><c> I</c> A motion by Brown for federal report.
- I A motion by Brown for federal report. I have<00:16:27.279><c> a</c><00:16:27.440><c> second.
- or state changes to any federal or state changes to definitions.<00:17:30.720><c> Uh</c><00:17:30.960
Committee:
House Insurance
Keywords:
police abuse registry, law enforcement registry, officer assault, assault on police, resisting arrest, battery on law enforcement, law enforcement injury fund, Back the Blue Act, Attorney General, clemency, pardon, commutation, rehabilitation costs, medical costs, public safety, criminal records, background checks, registry removal fee, privacy, due process
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Labor & Workplace Standards Jan 23rd, 2026 at 10:30 am
Labor & Workplace Standards
Transcript Highlights:
- That work group was created by the Legislature and comprised representatives from the National Federation
- notice of inspection, commonly referred to as a federal I-9 audit.
- This is a shift from requiring notices of I-9 audits or other federal inspections of worker records.
- Vice Chair Scott: Well, neither federal nor state law prevent microchipping of employees without their
- We either pay, and it was about a $30 million bill to the federal government for the benefits that we
Bills:
HB2479 , HB2091 , HB2105 , HB2107 , HB2151 , HB2190 , HB2191 , HB2218 , HB2243 , HB2303 , HB2345
Committee:
House Labor & Workplace Standards
Keywords:
unpaid wages, wage theft, wage recovery, labor standards, Department of Labor and Industries, L&I, worker protection, low-wage workers, back pay, interest on wages, civil penalties, retaliation, immigration status coercion, gig workers, transportation network companies, rideshare drivers, app-based drivers, employment law, wage complaint, payroll enforcement
WA
Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Human Services Jan 21st, 2026 at 08:00 am
Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- in this country, and we have seen a stripping of federal funding for some abortion providers.
- facility, there really should be a federal written contract.
- federal constitution of the United States and Washington might conflict?
- Is this issue been dealt with at all on the federal level as far as the supremacy clause where the federal
- And usually the one for the federal level, so has this actually been litigating?
Committee:
Senate Human Services
Keywords:
abortion medications, reproductive health, mifepristone, misoprostol, abortion access, medication abortion, early pregnancy loss, miscarriage management, Department of Corrections, Department of Health, health care providers, health care entities, Indian health care providers, pharmacy distribution, wholesale distribution, reproductive rights, women's health, emergency clause, immediate effect, public health
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Fortunately, the federal government, under the leadership of President Trump, is back protecting our
- We've been doing a federal job. They need to pay us back. We want our money back. That's right.
- We've been doing a federal job. They need to pay us back. That's right. It's time.
- First, it tells the Commission to regularly update their guidelines and policy about this data to help
- It will require TCOLE to regularly review and revise as necessary the agency's guidelines and policies
Bills:
HB1455 , HB1777 , HB2101 , HB2136 , HB2609 , HB3142 , HB3552 , HB3846 , HB4155 , HB4514 , HB4879 , HB4995 , HB5014 , HB5139 , HB5228 , HB5436 , HCR40
Keywords:
mental health, jail diversion, law enforcement, reporting requirements, criminal justice, data collection, criminal justice reform, intellectual disability, mental illness, data reporting, public safety, reporting, substance abuse, sex offender, driver's license, identification, gunshot detection, unreported gunshots, municipal police, crime investigation
Summary:
The committee met with a quorum and heard several bills, generally leaving them pending after testimony. HB 4995 would create a training/certification program allowing licensed physicians and certain EMS personnel assigned to tactical units to carry firearms during high-risk deployments, with supporters saying it would protect tactical medical staff and improve emergency care; the committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill left pending. HB 2609 would repeal the OmniBase/failure-to-appear-or-pay license hold program; the author and supporters argued it unfairly compounds debt and traps drivers in noncompliance, while judges and municipal court representatives said it is an effective, voluntary tool that prompts court appearances and reduces warrants. HB 4879 would create a grant program to help local law enforcement pay for lab testing of suspected hemp/THC substances, and HB 5436 would allow licensed auto recyclers to purchase certain untitled vehicles for scrap or parts to curb illegal sales, VIN cloning, and chop shop activity; both bills drew supportive testimony and were left pending.
The committee also heard HB 1777, which would place a discrete sex-offender designation on driver’s licenses and state IDs for registrants under Chapter 62. The author said the marker would help law enforcement and businesses quickly identify potentially dangerous offenders and cited other states and research in support, while opponents argued it would function as a scarlet letter, increase harassment, and punish people who are already complying with the law. HB 4155 would create a Family Violence Criminal Homicide Prevention Task Force in the Governor’s Office to study risk factors, coordinate agencies, and recommend policy changes; the author, HHSC, TCFV, and a survivor testified in support, emphasizing the number of family violence homicides and the need for coordinated, data-driven prevention, and the bill was left pending.
Finally, HB 4514 would authorize DPS to use facial image verification, with consent and confidentiality protections, to help businesses verify identities and combat fraud. Supporters from the lumber and identity-verification industries said it would reduce losses from fake IDs and organized theft, while the author stressed privacy safeguards and limited, consent-based use. The committee substitute was withdrawn and the bill was left pending.
TX
Texas 89th Regular
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs Apr 23rd, 2025
Homeland Security, Public Safety & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Fortunately, the federal.
- Under the leadership of President Trump, the federal government is back protecting our southern border
- We've been doing a federal job. They need to pay. House HCR 40.
- First, it tells the commission to regularly update their guidelines and policies about this data to help
- It will require T-Coals to regularly review and revise, as necessary, the agency's guidelines and policies
Bills:
HB1455 , HB1777 , HB2101 , HB2136 , HB2609 , HB3142 , HB3552 , HB3846 , HB4155 , HB4514 , HB4879 , HB4995 , HB5014 , HB5139 , HB5228 , HB5436 , HCR40
Keywords:
mental health, jail diversion, law enforcement, reporting requirements, criminal justice, data collection, criminal justice reform, intellectual disability, mental illness, data reporting, public safety, reporting, substance abuse, sex offender, driver's license, identification, gunshot detection, unreported gunshots, municipal police, crime investigation
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
HF2444, the veterans and military affairs finance bill, heard in Ways and Means Committee 4/21/25
Ways and Means
Transcript Highlights:
- </c> File 1445, which contains federal conforming changes to our state's veteran burial laws.
- Um, it's something that the VA federally and HUD have kind of come together to acknowledge that, you
- know, this issue, it requires money, it requires federal support.
- know, this issue, it requires money, it requires federal support.
- know, this issue, it requires money, it requires federal support.
Committee:
House Ways and Means
Keywords:
agriculture finance, broadband development, Department of Agriculture, Board of Animal Health, Agricultural Utilization Research Institute, Office of Broadband Development, food safety, food handler license, cottage food, home processed food, livestock dealer, meat packing company, milk marketer, milk marketing license, grain buyer, grain storage, beginning farmer, emerging farmer, farm down payment assistance, livestock investment grant
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Ways and Means Committee considers agriculture finance bill, HF2446 4/21/25
Ways and Means
Transcript Highlights:
- He said the DFL side noted cuts to farm-to-school programs at the federal level and to the local food
- </c><00:07:53.840><c> We</c> $18 million cut at the federal level.
- We $18 million cut at the federal level.
- </c> funded through the federal government. funded through the federal government.
- </c> reduce the cuts from the federal reduce the cuts from the federal government<00:31:48.720><c> and
Committee:
House Ways and Means
Keywords:
agriculture finance, broadband development, Department of Agriculture, Board of Animal Health, Agricultural Utilization Research Institute, Office of Broadband Development, food safety, food handler license, cottage food, home processed food, livestock dealer, meat packing company, milk marketer, milk marketing license, grain buyer, grain storage, beginning farmer, emerging farmer, farm down payment assistance, livestock investment grant
MN
Transcript Highlights:
- There's about an $18 million cut at the federal level.
- We $18 million cut at the federal level.
- </c> reduce the cuts from the federal reduce the cuts from the federal government<00:34:58.400><c> and
- </c> File 1445, which contains federal File 1445, which contains federal conforming<00:54:13.520><c>
- </c> seeing coming from the federal seeing coming from the federal government<01:32:45.760><c> and</c
Committee:
House Ways and Means
Keywords:
agriculture finance, broadband development, Department of Agriculture, Board of Animal Health, Agricultural Utilization Research Institute, Office of Broadband Development, food safety, food handler license, cottage food, home processed food, livestock dealer, meat packing company, milk marketer, milk marketing license, grain buyer, grain storage, beginning farmer, emerging farmer, farm down payment assistance, livestock investment grant
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama House Ways and Means Education Committee Apr 16th, 2025
Ways and Means Education
Transcript Highlights:
- They are accredited by an entity that is recognized by the federal government.
- postsecondary historically black college or university located in Selma, Alabama, that is accredited by a federally
- They are recognized by a tribal accrediting agency, but they have not been reauthorized to receive federal
- This says once they become a federally recognized accreditation agency, which you’re saying they are
- I think that they do know that they're already qualified by what the new criteria from the federal government
Committee:
House Ways and Means Education
Keywords:
rural physician, tax credit, healthcare access, physician recruitment, Alabama, HB379, Alabama income tax, nonresident exemption, remote workers, traveling employees, mobile workforce, withholding tax, state tax reciprocity, multistate employees, temporary work, work location tracking, time and attendance system, remote work taxation, professional athlete, professional entertainer
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- But wouldn't they automatically on the federal side be getting a deduction in their income based on..
- We address the causes and dynamics of poverty to help families help themselves out. ...of it.
- You have federal income tax, right?
- Well, but the million dollars on the federal gives you the benefit.
- We need to update our state law to reflect the changes that occurred within the federal law.
Bills:
HB249 , HB 1186 , HB2313 , HB2408 , HB2508 , HB2730 , HB2974 , HB3045 , HB3232 , HB3336 , HB3710 , HB4044 , HB4236 , HJR133 , HB249
Committee:
House Ways & Means
Keywords:
ad valorem taxes, property taxes, homestead exemption, disabled veterans, senior citizens, tax payments, installment payments, municipal tax revenue, hotel, convention center, tax code, economic development, local government, municipality, tax revenue, qualified projects, municipal taxation, hotel project, municipality funding, veteran
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Received federal funds, about the federal findings on their participation in the program.
- So, the federal SBIR and STTR programs are a lifeline for the state.
- The federal grant for phase one is about $250,000.
- of time in between the first phase and the second phase of federal funding.
- state and federal resources.
Committee:
Senate Economic Development
Keywords:
SB 529, Texas Tax Code, municipality, hotel and convention center, hotel convention center project, tourism development, economic development, tax revenue pledge, revenue commitment, qualified project, municipal finance, local government, special district, hotel occupancy tax, nearby establishments, convention center financing, city population 130000, Section 351.155, Section 351.157, child care
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Particular reason why the 300% of the federal poverty level was chosen A benchmark? Is that it?
Committee:
House Human Services
Keywords:
commercial sexual exploitation, child sex trafficking, human trafficking, child welfare, foster care, DFPS, Department of Family and Protective Services, juvenile probation, risk assessment, needs assessment, trauma screening, child abuse prevention, exploitation screening, validated screening tool, evidence-informed tool, conservatorship, juvenile justice, at-risk youth, trafficking prevention, Child Sex Trafficking Prevention Unit
TX
Committee:
House Human Services
Keywords:
commercial sexual exploitation, child sex trafficking, human trafficking, child welfare, foster care, DFPS, Department of Family and Protective Services, juvenile probation, risk assessment, needs assessment, trauma screening, child abuse prevention, exploitation screening, validated screening tool, evidence-informed tool, conservatorship, juvenile justice, at-risk youth, trafficking prevention, Child Sex Trafficking Prevention Unit
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Human Services Finance and Policy Committee 3/13/25
Human Services Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- gather data to create proposals to address identified gaps for veteran eligibility for state and federal
- At its core, this bill aims to reduce the time it takes to make eligibility determinations between federal
- resources for which they are federal resources for which they are eligible<00:04:14.159><c> we</c><00
- <00:04:20.560><c> services</c><00:04:21.000><c> and</c> federal services and federal services and programs
- </c> those veterans not eligible for federal those veterans not eligible for federal benefits<00:04:38.080
Committee:
House Human Services Finance and Policy
Keywords:
veterans, veterans affairs, State Soldiers Assistance Program, Veterans Stable Housing Initiative, MAXIS, human services data, data sharing, eligibility verification, informed consent, private data, benefits coordination, veteran housing, veteran assistance, Department of Human Services, Children Youth and Families, state benefits, federal benefits, privacy, public assistance, human services
AL
Alabama 2025 Regular Session
Alabama Senate County and Municipal Government Committee Feb 11th, 2025
County and Municipal Government
Transcript Highlights:
- They have to still go by the ATF guidelines and rules, which... go by the ATF guidelines and rules, which
- Any federal funding, right, for an agency that gets federal funding, so this applies to those that don't
- And then you see on line 24, unless a state or federal...
- Public hearing, public notice, federal requirements, etc.
- And again, I would just say that the amendment handles any federal regulations... ...handles any federal
Committee:
Senate County and Municipal Government
Keywords:
competitive bidding, procurement, disclosure statements, state contracts, contract protest, board governance, occupational licensing, Sunset Law, public accountability, training requirements, SB40, Houston/Hunter Act, firearm hold agreement, gun storage, temporary firearm storage, firearms dealer, federal firearms licensee, FFL, civil immunity, gun owner
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Environmental Quality Committee Mar 18th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- We were pleased to learn yesterday of the federal government's commitment of $540 million for federally
- The Central Valley Project is the federal project.
- So I'm not sure how you're really... ...guidelines.
- And the current guidelines allow for that.
- We're not codifying the existing guidelines.
Summary:
The committee heard SB 872, which would direct $150 million annually each for Central Valley subsidence repairs and Delta levee work. Senator McNerney and supporters from Restore the Delta, the State Water Contractors, and many water agencies, labor groups, environmental organizations, and local governments argued the bill is urgent to protect water delivery for 27 million Californians, safeguard levees and state assets, and address climate-related flood risks. There was no opposition testimony, and members asked about the bill’s focus on state-owned conveyance; the author said the distinction reflects the separate state and federal water projects. The bill was held while the committee lacked a quorum, with no vote taken at that point.
The committee then heard SB 981, which would require CARB to include cost-of-living impacts in its existing regulatory analysis for major rules. Senator Niello and supporters from agriculture, manufacturing, business, propane, restaurants, and commercial property groups said the bill would improve transparency about how regulations affect gasoline, electricity, food, housing, and business costs. Opponents, including Coalition for Clean Air and the Union of Concerned Scientists, argued it would add delay, cost, and redundant analysis to CARB rulemaking and could not reliably measure the effects the bill seeks to capture. Committee members raised concerns that CARB already estimates costs, that the bill is burdensome and narrow, and that it does not fully account for benefits or the role of other agencies. No vote was recorded in the transcript.
SB 887, by Senator Padilla, would require data center projects to undergo CEQA review while creating a streamlined path for projects meeting strong environmental, labor, and community-benefit criteria, including zero-carbon electricity, on-site storage, recycled water or water-efficient cooling, and full cost responsibility for grid upgrades. Supporters said data centers are rapidly expanding, can strain energy and water resources, and should be held to clear standards while still allowing beneficial development; labor and environmental groups backed the measure. Opponents from the Data Center Coalition, Silicon Valley Leadership Group, and business groups said the bill is overly prescriptive, discriminatory toward one industry, and could drive investment and jobs out of state. After discussion, the committee established a quorum and voted 3-1 to pass SB 887 as amended to the Senate Energy, Utilities, and Communications Committee, with the bill kept on call.
The committee also heard SB 1008, which would renew a CEQA exemption for the closure of at-grade rail crossings ordered by the California Public Utilities Commission. Senator Ochoa Bogh and Union Pacific testified that the measure would help the state act quickly on rail safety by removing redundant environmental review for crossing closures, while still requiring collaboration with local jurisdictions and the PUC. There was support from railroad and business representatives and no opposition. The committee voted 4-0 to pass SB 1008 to the Senate Energy, Utilities, and Communications Committee, and the bill was kept on call.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Natural Resources Committee Apr 13th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- That federal program was designed 25 years ago to regulate farm inputs on certified organic farms.
- The federal plan to expand drilling off our coast, even as they drop bonding guardrails, would divert
- The federal plan could bring another 1.9 million gallons to pollute our coast.
- Ongoing federal uncertainty under the Trump administration is making it harder for companies to plan,
- Katie Valenzuela, on behalf of the Center for Race, Poverty, and the Environment, here in opposition
Summary:
The committee heard a series of bills focused on environmental policy, public infrastructure, housing, and energy. AB 1812, dealing with compostable plastics and compost contamination, drew strong support from farmers, composters, counties, cities, and waste companies, while manufacturers and compostable-product companies opposed it unless amended, arguing it would undermine compostable packaging and SB 54 goals. AB 2216 to expand the Delta Conservancy’s service area also received broad support and no opposition. AB 2481, which would allow leftover glass quality incentive funds to support recycled glass used in fiberglass insulation and other products, was supported by insulation manufacturers, recyclers, and waste advocates and passed with no opposition. AB 2152, streamlining fire station construction and tying CEQA relief to project labor agreement requirements, was supported by firefighters and construction trades but opposed by contractors and wildlife groups over the PLA mandate and environmental review provisions; the committee discussed amendments and sent it forward. AB 1536, the Save Our Shores Act, aimed at offshore oil and gas safety and decommissioning, was supported by coastal and environmental groups and opposed by the petroleum industry, with members debating pipeline safety, drilling risks, and carbon intensity before advancing the bill. AB 1849, a study bill on decarbonized gaseous fuels, split supporters from hydrogen, bioenergy, and propane interests against environmental and justice groups who said it favored biomethane and hydrogen without clear definitions; the author said it was only a study measure, and it moved ahead. AB 1732, which would expand CEQA streamlining for public university and community college housing projects, was backed by students, UC representatives, housing advocates, and labor, with no opposition heard; members raised concerns about environmental impacts and evacuation planning, but the bill was approved. Several measures were taken on consent and others were held open for absent members or quorum issues, with multiple bills receiving due pass recommendations as amended.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
06/02/2026 - Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Elder Abuse
Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Elder Abuse
Transcript Highlights:
- And these are included in the guidelines.
- These are all part of the guidelines.
- And they say, well, you know, there are these guidelines, which we know—these are the guidelines I mentioned
- In fact, I have a page of guidelines right here.
- This is a state issue, not a federal issue.
Summary:
The Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Elder Abuse opened by explaining it was gathering testimony on elder abuse, especially alleged misconduct involving court-appointed systems such as guardians ad litem and fiduciaries, to identify gaps in law and oversight and develop legislative fixes. The chair limited each witness’s time, asked for names and contact information for follow-up, and repeatedly noted that some allegations might warrant referral to law enforcement, the attorney general, or county attorneys if basic criminal elements were present.
Several witnesses described alleged abuse in guardianship, conservatorship, and fiduciary cases. Dr. Holly Lauder said her mother, who had Alzheimer’s disease, was subjected to allegedly deficient psychological capacity evaluations that ignored treating doctors and family input, leading to a fiduciary arrangement that later resulted in neglect. Kevin Axson described his mother’s probate case, saying a guardian ad litem and conservator were appointed after a family financial dispute, that the guardian ad litem and fiduciary had little contact with his mother, and that the estate was burdened with substantial fees and a $200,000 bond requirement. Frieda Alvarado testified about a 94-year-old client, Samuel Armento, saying he was isolated, medicated without his request, and treated without dignity after a fiduciary and care team took control. Bill Chalmers, Johnny Hamilton, and Kathy Hamilton also testified about Sam Armento’s case, alleging isolation, excessive fees, conflicts of interest, and poor oversight by fiduciaries and caregivers.
Other witnesses raised broader concerns about Arizona probate practices. David Redkey said he has been under a long-running conservatorship despite earning degrees and maintaining capacity, and alleged that court-appointed professionals and fiduciaries overcharged his estate and blocked efforts to terminate the arrangement. Susan Wolfe described the Peyton case, alleging that a wife’s conservatorship and related court actions led to the loss of assets, exclusion of witnesses, and large fees for a relatively small monthly care bill. Dr. Lewis Heller, an OB-GYN and disciplinary committee member, said the medical evaluations he reviewed showed the people involved were competent and that the conduct he observed was unethical and possibly criminal. Renee Self testified that she lost her role as trustee and spent large sums defending her father’s estate, alleging that the probate process stripped her father of assets and limited her access to him despite APS findings that her actions were in his best interests.
No formal committee votes or legislative actions were taken in the excerpt, but members repeatedly expressed concern, asked for documents and transcripts, and indicated they would follow up with witnesses and consider stakeholder meetings to craft legislation addressing oversight, transparency, and accountability in guardianship and fiduciary systems.