Video & Transcript Research : 'land application'

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AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

05/19/2026 - Senate Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • So I made application. I was appointed by the governor.
  • Darren Rasmussen for Arizona State Land Department Board of Appeals.
  • Darren Rasmussen for Arizona State Land Department Board of Appeals.
  • conversations up here about how we can move the State Land Department.
  • I want to thank both applicants for replying.
Keywords: 1182, all
FL

Florida 2026 5th Special Session

Community Affairs Nov 18th, 2025

Transcript Highlights:
  • Let's take up tab 3, SB 208 on land use and development regulations by Senator McLean.
  • be an underlying land use that has been asked for as well, but for the most part, yes.
  • This is how most local governments handle potential incompatibilities between land uses.
  • Randolph Township, the New Jersey Supreme Court, a seminal land-use case in New Jersey.
  • New Jersey Supreme Court, a seminal land-use case in New Jersey. I'm still my father's son.
Summary: The Committee on Community Affairs met with a quorum present and heard three bills. First, the committee considered Senator Osgood’s home hardening products bill (CS/SB 78). The sponsor offered and the committee adopted a strike-all amendment that changed the sales tax exemption for impact-resistant doors and windows into a refund program. The refund is limited to homeowners with site-built homesteads valued at $700,000 or less, requires application to the Department of Revenue with proof of eligibility, caps the refundable tax at $500,000 per property, and runs for two years beginning July 1, 2026. The bill, as amended, was reported favorably after a roll call vote. The committee then took up Senator McLean’s land use and development regulations bill (SB 208), which would redefine compatibility, define infill residential development, allow administrative approval in certain cases, and set standards for local development-related fees. Members and stakeholders discussed concerns about the compatibility definition, the scope of administrative approval, and whether 100 acres is too large to qualify as infill. Testimony came from Audubon Florida, the Florida Association of Counties, the Florida League of Cities, Highland Homes, 1,000 Friends of Florida, and others, with supporters emphasizing housing supply and affordability and opponents warning about sprawl, reduced public participation, and impacts to rural lands and the Florida Wildlife Corridor. The sponsor said he would continue working on the language, and the bill was reported favorably. Finally, the committee heard Senator Truenow’s bill on special assessments for recreational vehicle parks (SB 118). The bill clarifies that if a local government levies a special assessment on an RV park space or campsite, the assessment may not exceed the maximum square footage allowed for an RV site. An amendment clarified that maximum as 400 square feet, resolving confusion about the cross-reference in current law. After brief discussion and one appearance form in support, the committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The meeting then adjourned.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Community Affairs Nov 18th, 2025

Community Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • SB 208 on land use and development regulations by Senator McClain.
  • be an underlying land use that has been asked for as well, but for the most part, yes.
  • Wise land use is essential...
  • This is how most local governments handle potential incompatibilities between land uses.
  • Randolph Township, the New Jersey Supreme Court, a seminal land use case in New Jersey.
Summary: The Committee on Community Affairs met with a quorum present and heard three bills. First, the committee considered Senator Osgood’s home hardening products bill (CS/SB 78). An amendment was adopted that changed the sales tax exemption for impact-resistant doors and windows into a refund process, limited eligibility to homeowners with site-built homesteads valued at $700,000 or less, capped the refundable tax at $500,000 per property, and set the refund period for two years beginning July 1, 2026. After the amendment, the bill was reported favorably. The committee then took up Senator McClain’s SB 208 on land use and development regulations. The bill would define compatibility and infill residential development, allow administrative approval of certain infill projects, and set standards for local development-related fees. Several members and stakeholders discussed possible changes to the compatibility and fee provisions. Testimony included opposition from Audubon Florida, the Florida Association of Counties, the Florida League of Cities, and 1,000 Friends of Florida, who raised concerns about sprawl, public participation, the 100-acre infill threshold, and impacts on rural lands and the Florida Wildlife Corridor. Support came from Highland Homes and several groups that waived in support, including AARP, the Florida Chamber of Commerce, and Associated Industries of Florida. The bill was reported favorably after debate. Finally, the committee heard Senator Trumbull’s SB 118 on special assessments for recreational vehicle parks. The bill clarifies that if a local government levies a special assessment on an RV park space or campsite, the assessed square footage cannot exceed the maximum square footage allowed for a recreational vehicle. An amendment clarified the maximum square footage as 400 square feet. After brief discussion and no opposition, the committee adopted the amendment and reported the bill favorably. The meeting then adjourned.
ND
Transcript Highlights:
  • And a lot of that land is land that will continue to be used for farming and ranching.
  • So we worked with landowners, but also the tenants on the land. ...of land.
  • , and I decide to sell my land.
  • Land control is critical.
  • The project application has to go through a very rigorous application process.
Keywords: 908, all
Summary: The Energy Development and Transmission Committee met in interim session and approved the November 6 minutes. Chair Novak outlined the committee’s study agenda, including large energy users such as data centers, geothermal, landowner relations, wind and solar, and other energy topics across the state. The meeting was framed as informational only, with no bills or formal legislative action taken beyond the minutes approval. Testimony focused first on landowner relations. Oliver County Commissioner Dave Berger described the county’s energy history and local support for coal and related development. North Dakota Farmers Union President Matt Perdue emphasized proactive, face-to-face communication with landowners, respect for property rights, and the need for developers to be transparent about tradeoffs; he also discussed insurance and liability concerns tied to easements. Committee members asked about eminent domain, local versus state authority, and how communities can better understand the revenue and infrastructure implications of energy development. Department of Agriculture Deputy Commissioner Tom Bodine then described the department’s ombudsman programs for pipeline restoration and reclamation, wind restoration, and royalty oversight. He said the programs provide confidential, third-party assistance on reclamation and royalty disputes, but do not provide legal advice. Senators raised concerns about post-production deductions in royalty leases and whether the ombudsman can explain them; Bodine said the program can clarify statements and deductions but cannot resolve legal disputes. He also said the department has not received requests related to fiber lines. Representatives from Grid United and One Oak described their project development and landowner engagement practices. Grid United’s Brent Johnson discussed the North Plains Connector transmission project, its route selection process, voluntary acquisition approach, and efforts to avoid eminent domain by working closely with regulators, counties, townships, and landowners. One Oak’s Danette Welsh and Tom Giltner described the company’s midstream operations, extensive North Dakota footprint, and emphasis on direct landowner communication, consistent local regulation, careful construction practices, and post-construction reclamation. Members asked about setbacks, zoning consistency, invasive species prevention, outside advocacy groups, and eminent domain use; One Oak said it has not used eminent domain on its North Dakota projects, largely because most gathering lines are negotiated easements.
US

US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session

US House Floor Proceedings (Monday, March 16, 2026)

US Federal House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • near federally managed tribal lands near federally managed land. land. land.
  • lands.
  • lands.
  • applications for communications infrastructure on federal lands.
  • lands.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am

Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Environmental and land use impacts are also significant.
  • Not only are we under-resourced, ...process to respond to these applications.
  • We have two active applications now for sites in excess of 30 acres.
  • We have two active applications now for sites in excess of 30 acres.
  • We are asked to make permanent land use decisions on evolving information from applicants, with a moving
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Municipalities and Regional Government held a hybrid hearing on late-filed bills and formal petitions, with testimony focused mainly on Senate Bill 3026 and House Bill 5294. The committee heard from legislators and local officials about S. 3026, which would give equal voting access in a six-town regional school district process. Testifiers from the Sixth Town Regional Planning Board and local select boards said the current voting setup is unfair because one town can vote during normal polling hours while others have a narrower voting window, and they argued the bill would ensure equal voter opportunity for a major regional school decision amid declining enrollment and financial pressure on the districts. The committee also heard extensive testimony on H. 5294, a Worthington home rule petition seeking a one-year solar moratorium. Worthington officials, residents, and advocates said the town is facing multiple large-scale solar and battery storage proposals and lacks the staff, legal resources, emergency response capacity, and technical expertise to evaluate them. Witnesses raised concerns about fire risk, groundwater and drinking water impacts, forest and wildlife impacts, decommissioning, and the effect on rural character and farmland, while emphasizing that the moratorium was framed as a planning tool rather than opposition to clean energy. Several speakers said the state’s solar siting and approval process is too complex and top-down for small rural towns, and that volunteer boards are being asked to manage industrial-scale projects without adequate support. One witness from a statewide group said Worthington’s situation reflects broader problems across western Massachusetts and urged the committee to address solar siting more broadly in a future session. The hearing concluded after testimony and committee questions, with no votes or final actions taken during the meeting.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • Section 15a transfer of public lands Section 15a transfer of public lands clarify<00:04:35.560><
  • to establish a 5-year Community Land Trust Equity pilot program to provide community land trusts with
  • to establish a 5-year Community Land Trust Equity pilot program to provide community land trusts with
  • may not withhold 2018-38 applications may not withhold 2018-38 applications from<00:12:03.360>
  • It'll just be held until certain concerns are addressed. application I will note that most application
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The committee heard testimony on several housing-related measures, with most witnesses supporting bills aimed at expanding affordable housing tools and financing. SB 1169, creating a Community Land Trust Equity pilot program, drew support from HHFDC and Nahal UI, which said revolving funds would help community land trusts build permanently affordable housing more efficiently. SB 1200, establishing a workforce housing regulatory sandbox within HHFDC, also received support from HHFDC and others, though HHFDC noted concerns about whether the measure could be read to preempt county permitting and zoning powers. SB 511, which would require county legislative bodies rather than HHFDC to approve certain housing project exemptions, prompted HHFDC to suggest revised language and a possible processing deadline for applications; the discussion focused on avoiding indefinite delays and clarifying county and state roles. SB 1283, creating an emergency home loan assistance revolving fund, was introduced with comments from the Department of Budget and Finance and HHFDC. SB 612, on rent-to-build equity agreements for exempt housing projects, drew support and questions about how many affected projects are rentals versus for-sale units. SB 944, extending and expanding low-income housing tax credit provisions, received support from Sugar Creek Capital, Hawaii Housing, and the Chamber of Commerce, while the Tax Foundation raised a technical concern about inconsistent use of the term “taxpayer.” HPHA-supported bills SB 1413 and SB 1412 were also heard, along with SB 1632, which would direct DBEDT to develop a comprehensive action plan for a local housing market; testimony on that measure was strongly supportive but included calls to examine constitutional and legal issues and broader market-structure concerns. The committee also began discussion of SB 1033 and noted it was closely related to SB 1131, with the chair indicating an inclination to move only one of the two similar tax proposals forward.
NM

New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

IC - Land Grant Aug 14th, 2025

House Rural Development, Land Grants And Cultural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • About 90% are land grants.
  • 2004, this helped broker the return of land to one of our illustrious land grants.
  • land title.
  • Our jurisdictions, land grants, all those sort of things would be our sub-applicants.
  • , youth programs that are land-based and focused on the land.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • I learn from... 50 applicants that list will not go down 50 applicants that list will not go down and
  • Be all natural as long as it's your own land. Be all natural as long as it's your own land.
  • we went over with the transfer of land we went over with the transfer of land exemption<00:31:15.080
  • <00:36:53.839> who there were 185 weightless applicants who there were 185 weightless applicants
  • for leases to just give them the land.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint Housing and Public Safety/Water and Land hearing first took up HB 1096, which would repeal statutory tenant-selection preferences for disabled veterans and spouses of deceased veterans in state low-income housing. HPHA testified in support, saying the change was a housekeeping measure because the same preferences already exist in administrative rules and could be adjusted later to align with other local preferences, while also noting the federal VASH program provides stronger veteran housing support. Several members questioned why the preference should be removed at all, emphasizing that veterans have long been underserved and asking for a stronger justification; the committees ultimately deferred HB 1096. The later Housing/Hawaiian Affairs agenda heard HB 606 HD1, a measure to extend Act 279 funding and related exemptions for the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. Supporters argued the bill would give DHHL more time to use the $600 million appropriation to acquire land, work with developers, and address a wait list of about 29,000 applicants, while also helping restore Hawaiian communities and reduce the Hawaiian diaspora. Opponents focused on accountability and oversight, saying DHHL needs clearer plans, measurable goals, and stronger safeguards before receiving more money, and warning that prior spending and strategic-plan changes had reduced the number of applicants served. The committee also heard testimony that the bill would help DHHL fulfill long-standing obligations to Native Hawaiians and that the housing need affects the broader state, not only Hawaiian Home Lands beneficiaries.
NH

New Hampshire 2026 Regular Session

House Municipal and County Government (01/20/2026)

Municipal and County Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • land board land use judicial and other land board land use board<01:47:13.520> proceedings<01
  • land use board members. land use board members.
  • committee that reviews each applicant. committee that reviews each applicant.
  • to the land use boards. to the land use boards. >> Thank<02:49:08.399> you.
  • Because under the land<03:07:18.000> use<03:07:18.319> board, land use board, land use
Keywords: 1189, house, all
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Appropriations Committee on Agriculture, Environment, and General Government Jan 15th, 2025

Appropriations Committee on Agriculture, Environment, and General Government

Transcript Highlights:
  • Further, we can use this application to do inspections.
  • Further, we can use this application to do inspections.
  • We can also use this application for rural and family lands.
  • We had 143 applications received.
  • It's my understanding the application process and accepting applications is closed through May.
Summary: The committee meeting began with quorum, member introductions, and an overview of the Agriculture, Environment, and General Government budget process. The chair emphasized using the committee resource book and performance metrics to review the base budget and invited members to identify areas of interest for later discussion. Members were also reminded about appearance forms and speaking procedures. Wes Gregory of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services presented on agricultural best management practices and water policy. He said the office had updated all nine commodity BMP manuals and added a manual for small farms and livestock, expanded enrollment by 742 producers covering 677,000 acres, and used GIS and data analysis to target areas such as the Indian River Lagoon. He also described cost-share projects, a new field application for enrollment and inspections, cross-training staff, and a request for $20 million for regional water quality projects. Members asked about BMP enrollment, compliance, and enforcement; Gregory said noncompliance is uncommon and cases can be referred to DEP. Adam Blaylock of DEP reviewed environmental grant programs, saying the state has appropriated $2.9 billion since 2018 for water quality projects, with about 1,100 projects reducing nitrogen and phosphorus statewide. He described the Water Quality Improvement Grant, Indian River Lagoon, Biscayne Bay, Springs, Alternative Water Supply, and Resilient Florida programs, including a planned public dashboard and a water-quality monitoring portal. Senators asked about the application window, award timing, and the high cost of septic-to-sewer conversions, with Blaylock estimating a blended average of about $35,000 per home. Chief Conservation Officer George Worthing of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission then presented on invasive animal control. He discussed prevention, risk screening, law enforcement at ports, public outreach programs such as the Python Challenge, Lionfish Challenge, and Exotic Pet Amnesty Program, and early detection tools like the Ive Got One reporting system. He also described control efforts for Burmese pythons, tegus, and lionfish, along with research and partner coordination. Members asked about the most harmful invasive species and whether iguanas may be taken; Worthing said iguanas are open for take, subject to other laws. The meeting ended after members briefly identified priorities such as water quality, recreation water quality, sustainability, sea level rise, and septic-to-sewer infrastructure, and the committee adjourned without any formal votes.
HI

Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

HHS Public Hearing 04-11-2025

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • :30.000> practices your culture and land-based practices your culture and land-based practices
  • learning on through and from the land learning on through and from the land has.<00:08:20.960>
  • is there like an application process? is there like an application process?
  • application? application?
  • So, process applications as it is. Okay.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The Health and Human Services committee heard testimony on several resolutions. HCR 190, asking the Department of Health to convene a demolition waste reduction work group, drew only written testimony; the Department of Health provided comments in opposition and the Department of Attorney General Services supported it. HCR 91, on requiring insurers and managed care providers to cover prosthetic and orthotic devices, received supportive testimony from SHIPA and an amputee youth advocate who described the high cost and importance of sports prosthetics. HCR 174, on examining the availability and use of land-based learning programs for youth in the juvenile legal system, drew support from the Office of the Public Defender, youth advocates, and a youth council that described land-based learning as culturally rooted and rehabilitative. HR 171, on assessing the social and financial effects of mandatory coverage for continuous glucose monitors, received support from SHIPA, the Hawaiʻi Medical Association, and kidney care and dialysis groups. HCR 146, on the Elderly Simplified Application Project for SNAP, drew support from disability, hunger, and public health groups, with DHS explaining it could implement the project but would need to do manual certification work until its new system is ready. During decision-making, the committee deferred HCR 190 because the Department of Health said it could not carry out the work group without an appropriation. The committee voted to pass HCR 91 as is. HCR 174 was recommended for passage with amendments to clarify that the resolution would request continued use of land-based learning programs and to reflect existing work already underway. HCR 171 was recommended for passage with amendments to correct a statute description. HCR 146 was recommended for passage with amendments to add language that DHS should apply for and implement the project when capable, acknowledging current system limitations. All recommendations were adopted, and the meeting adjourned.
MN

Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session

House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 4/9/25

Agriculture Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, Laura Shriber, Land Thank you, Laura Shriber, Land Stewardship<00:10:44.079> Project
  • increase opportunities for land access. increase opportunities for land access. um<00:11:48.399>
  • <00:12:18.160> in together financing and finding land in together financing and finding land
  • suspend this funding as many applicants suspend this funding as many applicants who<00:16:15.839
  • Um so that's a technical on land.
Bills: HF2446
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Finance - 03/12/26

Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • including presentations by applicants including presentations by applicants and<00:13:04.839>
  • Subdivision eight is for land proposals. Subdivision eight is for land proposals.
  • Chair, that is the date at which the application process closes for applications, and we will begin application
  • receive a lot of applications. receive a lot of applications.
  • <00:43:29.240> Senator aren't as many applications. Senator aren't as many applications.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Senate Agriculture, State and Public Lands & Water Resources Committee, February 17, 2026

Agriculture, State and Public Lands & Water Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • . applications. applications.
  • Cheyenne to assist with the applications Cheyenne to assist with the applications and<00:13:51.839
  • c> be<00:15:30.240> approved No new application will be approved No new application will be
  • program and these project applications program and these project applications from<00:24:01.440>
  • <00:29:40.960> or condition these applications or condition these applications or condition
UT

Utah 2025 Regular Session

Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Environment Interim Committee - November 19, 2025

Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Environment Interim Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • Okay, is it BLM land? No, the rest of the land is on U.S. Forest Service. Okay, Forest Service.
  • in a good spot where, again, it gives Trust Lands the ability...
  • , are we not, rather than trust lands?
  • Those lands, yes. Okay.
  • There's about 3.5 million acres of land that is currently managed by Trust Lands, and there's about an
Keywords: 985, all
MN

Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session

Committee on Taxes - 02/25/26

Taxes

Transcript Highlights:
  • Uh I who owns the uh the uh the land.
  • <00:03:58.080> opening first served with applications opening first served with applications
  • Thank you all. applications and that was about half. uh applications and that was about half. uh last
  • that he's already got the application that he's already got the application into<00:26:28.880>
  • presentation on land availability. presentation on land availability.
Keywords: 1187, senate, all
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • This is the Committee on Water and Land, and actually the Committee on Water, Land, and Housing, which
  • <00:04:41.880> will of completing an Eis the applicant will of completing an Eis the applicant
  • <00:05:24.680> has Health verifying that the applicant has Health verifying that the applicant
  • this in those lands but there are lands this in those lands but there are lands that<00:21:17.760
  • of<00:54:10.119> alaw fast lands and submerged lands of alaw fast lands and submerged
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The committee first took up SB 534, a measure concerning development in Kakaʻako Makai involving the Hawaii Community Development Authority and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. The chairs explained that the hearing was decision-making only and no testimony would be accepted, though members could ask clarifying questions. The chair outlined amendments to clarify HCDA’s approval process, require an environmental impact statement before residential development proposals are submitted, require Department of Health documentation on hazardous substances, and specify that only OHA-owned parcels would be eligible for certain residential development with a 400-foot height limit and maximum floor area ratio of 10.0. The amendments also addressed affordability, owner-occupancy, association fees, and a special fund, while noting Attorney General concerns that the fee could be construed as a tax and suggesting further review by Judiciary and Ways and Means. Members discussed the affordability threshold, with one senator suggesting 160% AMI instead of 140% due to high housing costs and concern that essential workers could be priced out. Others raised concerns about Native Hawaiian affordability, the long-term effect of perpetuity restrictions, and whether the process would protect OHA’s interests. An HCDA representative said 140% AMI was used in existing reserve housing rules and that lower thresholds could make development economically infeasible. OHA and other supporters said the proposal was still early in planning and emphasized the need for public hearings, community input, and compliance with environmental and remediation standards. The committees voted to pass SB 534 with amendments: Water and Land approved it 4-1, and Hawaiian Affairs also adopted the chair’s recommendation, with one member excused and one voting no. The meeting then moved to SB 3, relating to water resource management. The bill would authorize the Commission on Water Resource Management to retain independent legal counsel, create an executive director position, allow challenges to emergency orders under certain conditions, establish fines for water use offenses, and revise emergency and shortage declaration procedures; Red Hill-related provisions were noted as removed from this version. Testimony was largely supportive, including from DLNR, the Board of Water Supply, OHA, and Sierra Club, with OHA stressing the measure’s importance to Native Hawaiian water rights and past litigation. A Department of Hawaiian Home Lands representative supported the bill with amendments and recommended explicit language directing the commission chair or designee to advocate for water rights and reservations for homelands. The chair indicated the committees would use the prior Senate-passed version as the basis for further action, and the discussion then moved on to SB 130, a search-and-rescue reimbursement bill.
WY

Wyoming 2026 Regular Session

Select Water Committee, January 21, 2026 - PM

Select Water Committee

Transcript Highlights:
  • vet the applications, applications, vet the applications, check<01:02:50.079> out<01:02:50.319
  • lands and any contiguous lands owned by the applicant.
  • The certification shall include a list that identifies all adjacent land owners notified by the applicant
  • lands owned by the<01:05:24.240> applicant.
  • owners notified by the adjacent land owners notified by the applicant.<01:05:33.839> So<01:05
Keywords: 916, all
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

05/19/2026 - Senate Natural Resources

Senate Natural Resources Committee of Reference

Transcript Highlights:
  • So I made application.
  • Darren Rasmussen for Arizona State Land Department Board of Appeals.
  • We've got a lot of conversations up here about how we can move the state land.
  • Have you ever had to recommend denial of an application?
  • I want to thank both applicants for replying.
Summary: The Senate Natural Resources Committee met to consider several board nominations, beginning with four nominees to the Arizona Game and Fish Commission Appointment Recommendation Board. Michael Cravens, Jared Lyman, Nathan Reese (who submitted a written statement and did not attend), and Richard Williams each described their backgrounds in wildlife management, ranching, public lands, or conservation, and emphasized balance, pragmatism, and public service in selecting commission candidates. Members asked about their experience, perspectives on candidate evaluation, and the role of the board. Each nominee was advanced to the full Senate by separate motions, all approved on 7-0 votes with one member not voting. The committee then heard Darren Rasmussen’s nomination to the Arizona State Land Department Board of Appeals. Rasmussen discussed his long career in property appraisal at the private, county, and state levels, including work with county assessors and valuation training. Senators focused on his ability to bring transparency, statutory compliance, and consistency to state land appraisals and appeals. His nomination was also forwarded to the full Senate on a 7-0 vote with one not voting. Next, the committee considered the Arizona Livestock Loss Board nominees, Stephen Clark and Randy Dahl. Clark, who chairs the board, explained the board’s process for compensating ranchers for wolf depredation and described the distinction between confirmed losses and “probables.” Senators asked about reimbursement procedures, the range of Mexican gray wolves, and whether wolves had attacked humans in Arizona; Clark said there had been no human attacks in the state and that livestock losses had been compensated. Dahl was unable to attend but submitted a statement citing his farming background and business and engineering experience. Both nominees were confirmed by 7-0 votes with one member not voting. Finally, the committee heard from Carolyn Radajack and Stephanie Teske for the Arizona State Veterinary Medical Examining Board. Radajack highlighted her prior service on the board’s investigative committee and her experience with disciplinary rules, while Teske emphasized her background as a sixth-generation rancher, veterinary assistant, and agriculture regulator, with a focus on rural livestock care and access to veterinarians. Senators discussed rural veterinary shortages, telemedicine, and the changing structure of veterinary practice. Both nominees were advanced to the full Senate on 7-0 votes with one member not voting.