Video & Transcript Research : 'charter amendment'
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AZ
Transcript Highlights:
- And for the floor amendment to the committee amendment: Mr.
- Now we'll move to the amended amendment. Mr.
- You have to make a motion to move the committee amendment as amended.
- Any explanation on your amendment amendment? No, sir.
- Now move the bill as amended, as amended. Mr.
Summary:
The House opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, guest introductions, and approval of the journal. Members then adopted motions to extend the second regular session, suspend the seven-bill limit for budget-related measures, and request the Senate return SB 1786 (Artificial Intelligence Content Verification) for reconsideration. The House also moved into Committee of the Whole to consider calendar items.
In Committee of the Whole, members advanced SB 1057 with a do-pass recommendation. SB 1171, dealing with health and human services, was amended on the floor amid discussion of fingerprinting and fraud prevention, with supporters saying it would help address Medicaid fraud and improve accountability; it was then recommended do pass as amended. SB 1424, an education bill requiring age-appropriate firearm safety instruction and guidance on safe storage, drew extended debate. Supporters framed it as common-sense gun safety and child protection, while opponents argued it was an unfunded mandate, infringed on parents’ rights, and diverted attention from core academics. A proposed Gutierrez floor amendment to shift the focus toward secure storage responsibility was rejected by division vote, 23-31, and the bill was then recommended do pass. SB 1515, concerning public safety pay, was amended to create a public safety parity fund using rainy day fund interest and was recommended do pass as amended.
After the Committee of the Whole report was adopted, SB 1171, SB 1424, and SB 1515 were deferred to engrossing, SB 1178 was retained on the calendar, and SB 1057 was placed on third reading. The House then held an additional Committee of the Whole on SB 1552, adopted a minor floor amendment, and recommended the bill do pass as amended. On third reading, SB 1021 failed 22-35, while SB 1215, SB 1345, SB 1456, and SB 1493 all passed. The House also received several appropriations bills on first reading and adjourned until Tuesday, April 28, 2026, after announcing a special Joint Appropriations Committee hearing for the next morning.
AZ
Arizona 2026 Regular Session
06/12/2026 - House Democratic Caucus Calendar #24
Transcript Highlights:
- The Senate amendment sets insurance requirements for watercraft rentals, charters, and peer-to-peer sharing
- You'll remember that it got amended on the floor in the House to remove charter schools, so it is specifically
- House Bill 2406 was subject to a strike-everything amendment in the Senate.
- It's a very lengthy bill, members, and it was extensively amended.
- This got really substantially amended in the Senate.
Summary:
The caucus reviewed a series of Senate-amended bills, with staff summarizing each measure and noting whether the sponsor intended to concur. HB 2305 would revise Arizona’s private towing laws and remove a requirement that municipalities or law enforcement enforce the prescribed towing rates; HB 2398 would impose insurance requirements for watercraft rentals, charters, and peer-to-peer sharing; HB 2957 would bar state and local governments from requiring a digital or mobile driver’s license for identification, while dropping a House provision on biometric identifiers. Members asked for Senate vote counts on several bills and clarified that HB 2305 and HB 2398 were separate from other towing and boot-related measures.
The committee also discussed HB 2321, which requires DCS caseworkers to place a security freeze on a child’s credit record after entry into care, with the Senate removing a $100,000 appropriation and one FTE; HB 2408, which changes Nursing Board complaint and expungement procedures and expands how anonymous complaints may be investigated; HB 2397, which updates HOA/condo disclosure rules and drew noted opposition from the Community Associations Institute and home builders; HB 4005, which requires public school districts to provide AI instruction at specific grade levels and directs ADE to adopt curriculum; and HB 2755, which shifts state land lease renewal language to notice and sale procedures for underperforming commercial leases. Senate vote counts were provided for several of these measures, generally showing narrow or party-line margins.
The final items were HB 2406, a heavily amended bill now restricting access to records and images related to deceased minors, including child abuse images, with supporters citing concerns about misuse through AI and opponents raising disclosure and media-access concerns; and HCR 2001, a ballot referral on citizenship, voting, and election-related contributions that was substantially narrowed in the Senate but still requires voter ID, limits voting to citizens, bars foreign nationals from election spending, and mandates on-site tabulation for early votes, prompting continued county opposition because of cost and implementation concerns. The caucus ended after members were reminded that the agenda and caucus sheets had been emailed rather than printed.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
- And if you could also accept the amendments, Assembly Member. Yes, we accept all amendments.
- Charter public schools cannot. This matters.
- Charter schools can't raise local bond funding.
- Charters often have to rely on private financing.
- Many charters in low-income areas or in smaller charter schools cannot afford such financing.
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Education Policy and Administration (05/27/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- . amendments. amendments.
- This amendment to SB 69 really includes two amendments.
- private, and charter. private, and charter.
- the in the proposed amendment. the in the proposed amendment.
- I um also move that we pass amendment amendment amendment 2025<05:26:34.958>
2239H.
Summary:
The committee opened hearings on SB 69, including a germane amendment on school board votes to accept or reject gifts and donations, and a non-germane amendment creating a virtual early childhood readiness family engagement program for preschool children not yet in kindergarten. Prime sponsor Rep. Glenn Cordelli said the literacy program was modeled on earlier HB 671, would be funded through gifts and donations rather than state appropriations, and would include reporting requirements to the governor and legislature. Members questioned changes from the earlier bill, including the move away from center-based language, the lack of a dollar threshold for school board action on donations, anonymous gifts, and whether the amendment preserved enough evaluation data.
Testimony on the donation provisions raised concerns about broad language, timing, and public-meeting requirements. Rep. Timothy Han and Becky Wilson of the New Hampshire School Boards Association both noted that school districts already have policies and asked how the bill would work for routine donations, anonymous gifts, and situations that might require non-public discussion under right-to-know law. Wilson cited examples such as field-trip scholarships, backpack drives, and sports uniforms, and said the association was not taking a position but wanted clearer guardrails. Rep. Han said school boards may need to discuss some gifts in non-public session and that the bill should better address those circumstances.
On the early literacy amendment, Wilson and others questioned whether the program was sufficiently developed, whether it was appropriate to rely on a primarily online model for very young children, and how it would interact with special education services and IEPs. A representative from Waterford.org, Rob Riley, testified in support, saying the program would be supplementary, adaptive, and family-engagement based, and that Waterford could provide devices and internet access for families who need them. He said the program would work alongside school districts and IEP teams rather than replace existing services. No vote was taken during the hearing; the chair said the committee would later exec the bills and try to get reports in for the calendar.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
FL House Floor Session - 2026-05-29 (9:00AM Session)
Florida House Floor Meeting
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Minnesota House passes higher ed package that leaves $131 million aid shortfall unaddressed 5/4/26
Minnesota House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- The amendment to the amendment is coded A25.
- doesn't my amendment to the amendment doesn't my amendment to the amendment doesn't say<00:24:56.280
- underlying amendment. underlying amendment.
- The amendment to the amendment is not adopted. To the underlying amendment, discussion.
- . amendment. amendment.
Summary:
The House took up House File 4252, the higher education finance and policy bill, which the author described as a bipartisan agreement. Representative Wolgamott highlighted a $1.5 million appropriation to Minnesota State to create an identification verification system to combat “ghost students,” a one-time $5,000 appropriation for trees at Bemidji State University, and other noncontroversial recommendations from the Office of Higher Education. He urged support for the bill and noted that amendments would be considered.
The main debate centered on an amendment by Representative Rarick to change how University of Minnesota regents are selected if the legislature fails to elect them. Rarick argued the amendment would keep the governor from appointing regents outside the legislative vetting process and prevent “pay-to-play” or donor influence, citing recent gubernatorial appointments and campaign contributions. Representative Kotter offered a secondary amendment to require that any fallback appointees meet RCAC eligibility criteria and to bar candidates who had recently contributed to legislative caucuses or leadership; supporters said it would reduce the appearance of pay-to-play while preserving the RCAC process.
Opponents of the secondary amendment, including Representatives Robbins and others, argued it did not address the real concern because it did not restrict contributions to the governor and would weaken the legislature’s role in regent selection. Supporters of the secondary amendment said it was a more objective, statute-based approach and raised separation-of-powers concerns with the underlying amendment. After debate, the secondary amendment failed on a 67-67 tie and was not adopted. The House then continued discussion on the underlying Rarick amendment, with members divided over legislative authority, gubernatorial appointment power, and the influence of campaign donations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- In that same section, charter schools aren't specifically named there, but since charter schools are
- You know, Blaine Amendment, by the way, was a racist... ...Amendment, which was thrown out.
- You know, the Blaine Amendment, by the way, was a racist anti-Catholic amendment that was put in a lot
- They're consolidating them and trying to make them charter districts.
- Wimberley has a charter school.
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Education K-16 convened with a quorum, adopted its committee rules, and heard opening remarks from members introducing staff and outlining priorities for the session. Members from both parties emphasized education as a major issue, while several Republicans framed the committee’s work around school choice and parent empowerment. Senator West and other Democrats stressed protecting public schools, listening to Texans, and considering the effects of vouchers or education savings accounts on school districts and communities.
Chairman Creighton laid out Senate Bill 2, the Texas Education Freedom Act, describing it as a universal education savings account program modeled on similar programs in other states. He said the bill would provide about $200 million for a universal eligibility pool and additional funding for students with disabilities and lower-income families, with priority weighting for former public school students. He also highlighted anti-fraud measures, vendor pre-approval, criminal background checks, cybersecurity protections, annual testing requirements for participating students, and the use of the Comptroller rather than TEA to administer the program. Creighton repeatedly said the bill is not a voucher and argued it would not take money from public schools, which he said would receive separate historic funding increases.
Members questioned Creighton about the 500% of federal poverty line definition, the adequacy of the $10,000 ESA amount, whether the program would favor students already in private school, how microschools and homeschool pods would fit, and whether the bill protects religious liberty and private-school autonomy. Democrats raised concerns about disability protections, 504 students, foster children, public-school funding, open records, and the historical context of vouchers. Republicans generally supported the bill as a way to expand options for parents and students, while also asking about administration, fraud prevention, and data security. After member questions, the committee began invited testimony, with EdChoice President Robert Inlow presenting in support of SB 2 and citing the growth and reported success of school choice programs nationwide.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Higher Education Finance and Policy Committee 4/16/26
Higher Education Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- . amended. amended.
- <00:03:31.440>
that amended by the A1 and A2 amendments that amended by the A1 and A2 amendments - , we can't amend the amendment to the amendment.
- , we can't amend the amendment to the amendment.
- , we can't amend the amendment to the amendment.
Bills:
HF4252
Keywords:
higher education, student aid, financial aid, grant programs, scholarships, Office of Higher Education, Minnesota State, University of Minnesota, community college, technical college, postsecondary institution, college affordability, student fees, athletic facilities, competitive athletics, developmental education, remedial courses, pregnant students, parenting students, priority registration
WY
Transcript Highlights:
- amendments and we'll stop. amendments and we'll stop.
- This is the second amendment to the Financial Privacy Act amendments.
- Is that a friendly amendment? amendment? amendment? >> Sure. >> Category.
- amended. Representative Alamand. amended. Representative Alamand.
- violates the fifth amendment. violates the fifth amendment.
LA
Transcript Highlights:
- And then Amendment Set 2740. I see Amendment 1 is technical.
- And then it looks like Amendment 3 is technical and Amendment 4—I'm sorry, I'm doing your job for you—Amendment
- Okay, do we have that amendment? Do we have that amendment? Okay, that amendment would be 3089.
- That is amendment set... Okay. That is amendment set 3155.
- I don't see any objection to the amendment. Amendment adopted.
Bills:
SB83, SB135, SB143, SB155, SB157, SB202, SB237, SB261, SB276, SB295, SB450, SB465, SB506, HB1070
Keywords:
human trafficking, trafficking prevention, school safety, public schools, elementary and secondary education, charter schools, mandatory reporting, victim identification, victim services, child trafficking, sex trafficking, labor trafficking, commercial sexual activity, DCFS, Department of Children and Family Services, Louisiana State Police, governor's office of human trafficking prevention, counselor training, mental health professional, administrator training
OK
Transcript Highlights:
- it the amendment is adopted.
- There's an amendment at the desk.
- Chairman, I would like to take up the amendment. Clerk, will read the amendment.
- Will there be questions on the Amendment. Irrah Hicks, you read for a question on the amendment.
- Any opposed declared the amendment to be adopted. Members were back on the bill as amended.
Bills:
SB1632, SB1594, SB2045, SB1251, SB1884, SB1250, SB1630, SB1262, SB1374, SB1292, SB1432, SB1199, SB1790, SB1481, SB1614, SB1734, SB1437, SB1489, SB1718, SB1778
Keywords:
career readiness, education reform, high school assessments, workplace skills, state education, credentialing, teacher certification, principal requirements, education administration, special education, Oklahoma education law, SB2045, Grow Your Own Educator Program, teacher recruitment, teacher retention, alternative certification, alternative teacher certification, teacher preparation, tuition reimbursement, course fee reimbursement
AL
Alabama 2026 1st Special Session
Alabama House Children and Senior Advocacy Committee Feb 4th, 2026
Children and Senior Advocacy
Transcript Highlights:
- I thought that, and it's amending a lot of things that are currently in the code now, and I wanted you
- Because that's sort of the agreement between the two adults. >> That is correct. >> I'm open for amendment
- >> I'm open I'm open for amendment. >> I'm open I'm open for amendment.
- So there was a bunch of amendments, but you should have gotten an amendment from the Motion Picture Association
- Well, if not, I'd say let's just go ahead if y'all are okay with it and we can not have that amendment
Keywords:
Ebony Alert, missing youth, public safety, law enforcement, racial equity, HB170, supplemental appropriations, Education Trust Fund, Alabama education budget, school funding, K-12 education, local boards of education, textbook adoption, school buses, school safety, charter schools, summer programs, afterschool programs, reading intervention, college and career readiness
NH
Transcript Highlights:
- to introduce House Bill 557 relative to the information that appears on the school budget, uh, as amended
- I think that the two pieces of information called for in the amended bill are basic information.
- Representative Glenn Cordelli: The two pieces of information called for in the amended bill are basic
- Open enrollment schools originated in 1995 as part of the original chartered public school law.
- 1995 as part of the original chartered 1995 as part of the original chartered public<00:40:52.560
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
IC - Legislative Education Study Dec 18th, 2025 at 09:13 am
Transcript Highlights:
- I know that some of you serve as charter advocates, as charter champions, and some of you are more skeptical
- Just to kick things off on charter schools in New Mexico. New Mexico charter schools are different.
- The charter sector in New Mexico is growing.
- Public charter schools of New Mexico's information.
- Yeah, it's a great school, and us as charters are.
CA
California 2025-2026 Regular Session
Assembly Budget Subcommittee No. 3 on Education Finance May 19th, 2026
Transcript Highlights:
- Amendments from the proposal at the Governor's budget, which includes: one, amendments to auditing and
- charter authorizer oversight requirements for charter schools; two, addition of LEA contracting requirements
- Does that include charter schools? Yes.
- We align our comments with CTA regarding the charter, CSEA regarding the charter school renewal period
- On the charter school accountability proposal, we would just say that we think timely notice to charter
Summary:
The committee first took up the May Revision update on Proposition 98 and the school rainy-day fund. The Department of Finance said the minimum guarantee rises by $6.4 billion over the Governor’s Budget across the three-year window, with lower average daily attendance projections offsetting some of the revenue gains. Finance also described a reduced $3.9 billion settle-up proposal, increased deposits into the Public School System Stabilization Account, and an ending reserve balance of about $10.3 billion. The LAO said the revenue and LCFF adjustments were reasonable, but urged the Legislature to be cautious about delaying settle-up payments and to consider more budget resiliency, including larger cushions or other tools to protect ongoing programs.
Members then questioned the administration and LAO about the size of the settle-up, the rationale for the reserve deposit, declining enrollment, and how lower attendance is creating savings that can be redirected to other school priorities. The LAO said the May Revision’s mix of one-time and ongoing spending was generally reasonable but recommended keeping a strong cushion and considering alternatives such as advance payments or pension-related savings. Questions also focused on how the May Revision’s funding mix affects districts if revenues weaken, and on the treatment of special education, discretionary block grants, and paid family leave costs for LEAs and community colleges.
The committee next heard the community colleges portion of the budget. Finance described a higher SCFF COLA, increased apportionment costs, a student support block grant, deferred maintenance, Common Cloud, Calbright, credit for prior learning, and a one-time adult learner demonstration project. The Chancellor’s Office supported the core investments but asked for more funding for enrollment growth, changes to the SCFF growth formula, and a COLA for Student Equity and Achievement. The LAO recommended funding the statutory COLA increase, noted a $52 million current-year apportionment shortfall not yet included in the May Revision, and suggested the Legislature could instead direct some funds to enrollment growth, categorical COLAs, or one-time uses. Members also clarified how COLA and hold-harmless rules apply to different community college districts.
Finally, the committee reviewed the proposed state implementation of the federal Workforce Pell program. Finance proposed one-time funding for the Student Aid Commission and Cradle to Career data work, plus trailer bill changes to set up state approval of eligible programs. CSAC said the program is promising but highly complex, with new federal rules just released and significant data, regulatory, and systems work still needed; it said the state will not be ready by July 1 and that ongoing funding will likely be necessary. The LAO agreed that implementation will require careful trailer bill language and noted that ongoing administrative costs remain unresolved. Members asked about other states’ approaches and the practical effect on short-term workforce programs in California.
NM
New Mexico 2025 Regular Session
House - Government, Elections And Indian Affairs Mar 19th, 2025
House Government, Elections & Indian Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- Making an amendment that, and the amendment that you have in front of you just strikes the whole first
- Do we have a motion to discuss the amendment? OK, I'll second. So discussion on the amendment.
- I was just gonna move to adopt the amendment. OK.
- So do we have any opposition to adopt the amendment?
- OK, the amendment with the 0.232029.1 amendment number is adopted. Do we have any opposition?
OK
Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session
Business and Insurance 2ND REVISED Mar 5th, 2026 at 09:30 am
Business and Insurance
Transcript Highlights:
- I move to amend Senate Bill 1442.
- Second from the vice chair on the amendment. Will there be questions on the amendment?
- Seeing that, there will be debate on the amendment.
- Back on the bill as amended. Senator Dossett, the amendment is approved.
- chartered credit unions.
Keywords:
ticket sales, resale, consumer protection, fraud, bots, transparency, refunds, event tickets, medical marijuana, cannabis, marijuana license, commercial grower, grow operation, bond requirement, land reclamation fee, revolving fund, environmental remediation, redevelopment, Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, OMMA
NH
New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session
House Education Policy and Administration (02/18/2025)
Transcript Highlights:
- I think I would move to ought to pass with Amendment..." amendment well I thank you Mr chair I amendment
- to an amendment talk about an amendment to an amendment um<04:22:18.439>
and <04:22:18.560> - It's Amendment 0336.
- <06:22:53.680>
would amendment uh the amended language would amendment uh the amended language - <06:23:05.000>
amended <06:23:05.478>language bill 741 so the amend amended language
Summary:
The committee first took up HB 662, which would require discussion of abortion procedures and the viewing of certain videos in public school health education. Members argued the bill went too far by naming specific videos and involving the Attorney General in enforcement, and they said curriculum decisions should be left to educators. The committee voted ITL on HB 662 by a unanimous 18-0.
The committee then considered HCR 6, a resolution calling for the removal of the superintendent of District 67. Members said the resolution targeted an individual and that the underlying dispute was already in court, so the matter should be left to the legal process. The motion to ITL passed 18-0. Next, HR 9, urging the Department of Education to emphasize STEM education, received broad support as a nonpartisan statement of priorities, and it also passed 18-0.
HB 440, concerning educator licensing and shortages in Career and Technical Education, was amended to clarify that the bill applies to initial licensure only. After discussion about whether the amendment was necessary, the committee adopted Amendment 0188 unanimously and then voted OTPA on the bill as amended, 18-0. HB 222, which repealed the requirement for an MOU between charter schools and districts on services for students with disabilities, drew testimony that districts already provide substantial oversight through IEP processes and that the MOU requirement was burdensome and largely unenforced; the committee voted OTP 18-0.
The committee then took up HB 719, which would repeal the right of first refusal for charter schools to purchase or lease unused district facilities. Supporters said the existing law had not generated complaints and could impede charter expansion, while opponents said the issue had not proven to be a problem and local control should be preserved. The committee voted ITL 17-1, with one member opposed and no minority report. The chair then postponed HB 184, a study committee bill on school start times, because it was scheduled for the next day, and the committee moved into a work session on bullying-related bills, discussing HB 108, HB 384, and HB 673 without taking final action in the portion provided.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Senate Session Jun 21st, 2026 at 11:00 am
Massachusetts Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- House No. 3898, an act amending the charter of the town of Natick.
- An act amending the charter of the town of Natick.
- Another matter comes before the Senate for its final passage: H 4502, an act amending the town manager
- If there's no objection, one matter will be taken out of the orders of the day: an act amending the charter
- Third reading of a bill: an act amending the charter of the town of Hopkinton to incorporate appointment
Summary:
The Senate opened with the Pledge of Allegiance, recognized an intern in the chamber, and adopted a motion to adjourn in memory of Helen Riley Curtin of Salem, with a moment of silence held in her honor. The body also welcomed former Senator Richard Moore to the chamber.
The Senate then took up several local and special bills for final action. It passed to be enacted House No. 3898, amending the charter of the town of Natick, and House No. 4502, amending the town manager act for the town of Arlington. It also passed to be engrossed House No. 2275, authorizing the City of Revere to pay a sum of money to Denise Matera Condelli, widow of former school committee member Anthony Matera.
Additional measures were advanced without objection: House No. 4292, amending the Hopkinton charter to address appointment powers of the board of library trustees, was passed to be engrossed; House No. 4143, authorizing Wellesley to amend the income threshold for senior real property tax deferments, was ordered to a third reading and then passed to be engrossed. The Senate also suspended rules to advance House No. 4962, establishing a sick leave bank for Sally DeRogers of the Department of Correction, and House No. 4763, validating the results of a Bourne annual election, both to third reading. Finally, the Senate adopted an order to reconvene the following Monday at 11 a.m. and adjourned.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Transportation Finance and Policy Committee 4/13/26
Transportation Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- this amendment. this amendment.
- amendment to be voted on. amendment to be voted on.
- this amendment. this amendment.
- . amendment. amendment.
- amendment. So, I move the A3 amendment. amendment. So, I move the A3 amendment.
Keywords:
transportation, interchange, funding, bonds, St. Paul Park, transit, Metropolitan Council, Twin Cities, metro area, high-frequency transit, bus rapid transit, busway, guideway, transportation policy plan, transit performance measures, regional transit benchmarks, transit-oriented development, TOD, zoning, land use
Summary:
The committee approved the April 8, 2026 minutes and then heard House File 3373, which was laid over. The bill sought trunk highway bond funding for preliminary and final design work at the 70th Street interchange in St. Paul Park. Representative Hansen, Mayor Keith Frankie, and Washington County Commissioner Karla Bigham described the interchange as undersized and increasingly unsafe because of refinery truck traffic, aggregate hauling, nearby growth, and changing traffic patterns. Members asked about prior study, cost, and greenhouse gas requirements, and the bill author said the request was about $500,000. Chair Cosgrove noted the bill would be laid over and suggested the issue could involve future statutory exemptions.
The committee then took up House File 4449, also laid over, after adopting the A4 author’s amendment. Representative Jones presented the bill as a transit planning and accountability measure for the Twin Cities metro. It would set numeric transit goals, require better coordination between road projects and future transit projects, and give the Met Council more tools to support transit-oriented development, including property acquisition and development around transit corridors. Jones argued the bill would help avoid rebuilding roads twice and improve transit ridership, frequency, speed, and reliability.
Representative Olson offered an amendment to exempt highway projects primarily addressing documented safety issues, arguing that safety projects should not be burdened by added transit requirements or costs. Jones said she supported the safety concern but opposed the amendment as written because the bill was aimed at major construction projects. After a roll call, the amendment failed on an 8-8 tie. The bill itself remained laid over for further work, with the chair noting there was still time to refine the proposal.