Transcript Highlights:

• , and that's just around the timing of updating bargaining agreements. ...with districts and their labor
• I think it’s well over half of our districts where they’ve negotiated with their labor partners and a
• certain percentage of any new...” “...where they’ve negotiated with their labor partners and a certain
• But as a part of our partnership with the labor agency, we are working with the data that they currently
• I just wanted to be available because I'm here on the Workforce Pell Program specifically for the labor

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Summary: The Senate Budget Subcommittee on Education heard May Revision proposals covering higher education, including the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education, the University of California, California Community Colleges, the California Student Aid Commission, UC College of the Law, San Francisco, and trailer bill reporting changes. For the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education, the administration proposed a one-time $10 million General Fund backfill to repay a special fund loan taken to cover litigation costs, plus provisional language to adjust for a pending legal expense and to repay the loan without interest. The LAO opposed shifting costs to the General Fund and raised legal concerns about an interest-free loan under Proposition 26. Senators asked about whether the $10 million would cover the litigation and about the estimated $245,000 in interest savings. For UC, the May Revision maintained the Governor’s ongoing support and included budget language requiring campuses to grow by 2,968 California undergraduates in 2026-27. UC also sought $1.5 million in one-time General Fund support for the First Star foster youth program. UC described strong outcomes for the UCLA program, while the LAO recommended rejecting the new spending because UC already has overlapping outreach programs, including the Early Academic Outreach Program, and because the need for new state funding was not clear. Senators debated whether the proposal duplicated existing services and discussed the program’s reported college-going and completion rates. The committee also heard a request for $1 million ongoing General Fund for UC College of the Law, San Francisco, to maintain campus safety services; the college described its shared-campus model and public-interest mission, while the LAO noted the college was also raising tuition and that the proposal would maintain, rather than expand, current security spending. The committee then reviewed community college proposals. Finance outlined a larger May Revision package centered on a 4.31% SCFF COLA, enrollment growth funding, categorical COLAs, a one-time Adult Learner Demonstration Project allocation, deferred maintenance, and other ongoing and one-time items. The Chancellor’s Office supported the package but asked for more enrollment growth funding, a higher growth rate, and additional policy changes. The LAO recommended at least funding the statutory 2.87% COLA, then considering whether to redirect remaining funds to enrollment growth, categorical COLAs, or one-time priorities; it recommended rejecting the Adult Learner Demonstration Project. Senators questioned the use of the discretionary COLA to cover paid pregnancy disability leave, the impact on hold harmless and basic aid districts, and whether the state should instead create a separate categorical. The Chancellor’s Office and Finance said the COLA approach was intended to provide flexibility, though Finance said it was open to further discussion about districts that would not receive direct funding. For student aid, Finance described May Revision changes to Cal Grant and the Middle Class Scholarship, including a one-time reduction tied to lower estimated costs and a later true-up, as well as proposals for the Golden State Teacher Grant Program and implementation of the federal Workforce Pell program. CSAC supported the financial aid investments but urged more time and clearer implementation planning for Workforce Pell, noting the need for state approval processes, data linkages, and likely ongoing administrative workload. The LAO recommended rejecting additional Golden State Teacher Grant funding and cautioned that the Workforce Pell trailer bill and one-time funding were premature given the new federal rules and unclear workload. Senators also raised concerns about the Middle Class Scholarship reduction, the need to support students facing higher living costs, and the decline in CADA/DREAM Act applications, with CSAC saying the drop did not reflect reduced need and that outreach should be strengthened. The final item was a set of technical trailer bill changes to shift some UC, CSU, and community college reporting from annual to biennial and consolidate reports; Finance said there were no programmatic changes.

Transcript Highlights:

• And many of those women's health nurse practitioners were labor and delivery nurses before.
• 15.600> were women's health nurse practitioners were women's health nurse practitioners were labor
• <00:23:17.520> they labor and delivery nurses before. they labor and delivery nurses before
• <00:23:34.480> and<00:23:34.640> delivery nurses when they were labor and delivery
• nurses when they were labor and delivery nurses<00:23:35.280> and<00:23:35.520> they<00

Bills: HB31, HB31

Keywords: absentee voting, disabled, blind, voter assistance, voting rights, SNAP, public assistance, nutritional standards, waiver, food regulation, 1136, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Madam Chair, Representative Matthews, we certainly know that increasing labor costs also contribute to
• I mean, it can be interest rates, it can be labor participation rates, it can be the land use code, it
• Randy talked about are going to be labor-based, and that has not come down at all.
• The taxes, labor, labor participation rates—there are a lot of things that are making this happen.
• This is an issue all along the GRT with labor. The way our tax structure is, we're going to pay it.

Transcript Highlights:

• Statistics said inflation is Labor Statistics said inflation is increasing<06:56:36.638> at<06
• I want to thank the congresswoman and the labor caucus members for participating this evening and for
• members for uh uh labor caucus members for participating<09:04:54.638> this<09:04:54.958>
• <09:11:47.918> Caucus Caucus Vice Chair and a Labor Caucus Caucus Vice Chair and a Labor Caucus
• Um, I would now like to yield five minutes to a very distinguished Labor Caucus member from the state

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, September 17, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Curran's motion will be that House File 1316, the first engrossment, be re-referred to the Workforce, Labor
• Curran, renew the motion that House File 1316, the first engrossment, be re-referred to the Workforce, Labor
• Representative Frazier's motion here will be that House File 689 be re-referred to the Workforce, Labor
• By passing this bill, Minnesota reaffirms its commitment to justice and a fair labor market.
• I am the Associate Director of Civil Rights and the Director of Labor Standards Enforcement for the City

Bills: HF2233, HF1999, HF1995, HF1614, HF2781, HF1775, HF1316, HF2127, HF2521, HF689, HF2380, HF1273

Keywords: Uniform Special Deposits Act, special deposit, banking law, financial institutions, escrow, escrow account, trust account, security deposit, beneficiary, depositor, creditor process, garnishment, attachment, levy, setoff, recoupment, financial market infrastructure, retirement benefits, compensation, earnest money

Transcript Highlights:

• , THE TERMS EMPLOYER, EMPLOYEE AND WAGE SHALL HAVE THE MEANINGS ESTABLISHED UNDER THE FEDERAL FAIR LABOR
• IT APPEARS FLORIDA MINIMUM WAGE LAW HAS EVERYTHING UNDER THE FEDERAL FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT, FLSA.
• IT STATES THAT FLORIDA MINIMUM WAGE APPLIES TO ALL WORKERS COVERED BY THE FLORIDA FAIR LABOR STANDARDS
• THIS BILL IS JUST ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO WEAKEN THE LABOR PROTECTIONS AND SHIFT POWER AWAY FROM WORKING PEOPLE
• CONVERSATIONS ABOUT WHERE THIS WAS GOING, I THINK THERE MIGHT BE SOME THINGS THAT EVEN A GROUP LIKE LABOR

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Roybal Caballero, an act relating to labor, increasing the minimum wage for certain employees, providing
• House Bill 246 has been read twice by title, is ordered printed, and referred to the House of Labor,
• House Bill 249 has been read twice by title, is ordered printed, and referred to the House Labor, Veterans
• House Bill 251 has been read twice by title, is ordered printed, and referred to the House Labor, Veterans
• House Bill 264, having been read twice by title, is ordered printed and referred to the House Labor,

Transcript Highlights:

• has served during his time in the Senate and in Corrections and Public Service, Education, Finance, Labor
• Roundtable, Delaware State Chamber, New Castle County Chamber, Delaware Building Trades, organized labor
• And the moratorium that all these business organizations and organized labor were asking for was to..
• And organized labor, we’re asking for, for the purposes of hitting pause, for the purposes of getting
• . ...that the prospective employee report the failure to respond to the Department of Labor.

Keywords: 1064, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The first three are really important, recognizing the parents' dual role of working in the labor force
• She was a speech pathologist, he's a blue-collar laborer. They don't have a lot of money.
• laborer. They don't have a lot of money. laborer. They don't have a lot of money.
• We<00:31:41.080> are<00:31:41.200> a<00:31:41.240> labor<00:31:41.520> union<
• coalition<00:40:47.680> that We're a labor grassroots coalition that We're a labor grassroots

Keywords: 919, house, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on House File 5055, the governor’s supplemental tax budget. Commissioner of Revenue Paul Marquart outlined the proposal as a balanced budget package that would leave a positive bottom line in the current biennium and beyond. He emphasized family-focused tax relief, especially a new refundable young child credit for children ages 0 to 4, which would provide up to $3,000 for one child or $6,000 for two or more, benefit about 104,000 families, and phase out at higher incomes. He also described federal conformity changes, including updates to business interest deductions, dependent care credits, and Section 179 expensing, along with omitted federal items such as research expensing and opportunity zones due to cost and policy concerns. Marquart also defended broader tax modernization proposals, including expanding the sales tax to selected consumer services such as accounting, banking, brokerage, and legal services while lowering the statewide sales tax rate, and creating a social media tax on consumer data collection that would fund an AI readiness special revenue fund rather than the general fund. He said these changes would make the sales tax less regressive and better aligned with the modern economy. Additional provisions mentioned included a gun-related gross receipts tax on firearms and ammunition, cannabis tax technical changes, historic structure rehabilitation conformity, and added auditors for tax compliance. Testimony from outside groups was mixed. Nan Madden of the Minnesota Budget Project supported the governor’s approach as a response to federal tax and spending changes, praised the decision not to conform to opportunity zones or federal no-tax-on-tips/overtime provisions, and urged even stronger revenue measures. Brian Lake of the Minnesota State Bar Association strongly opposed the proposed sales tax on consumer legal services, arguing it would burden low- and middle-income people in sensitive cases and create unfairness when individuals litigate against the state. Tanner Fritsinger of the Minnesota Association of Professional Employees supported the sales tax base expansion and the social media tax as ways to broaden revenue without raising the base rate. The committee chair thanked the commissioner and then began hearing public testimony, with additional testifiers queued up.

Transcript Highlights:

• It will follow the guidance of the Department of Labor.
• <01:55:07.040> In guidance of the Department of Labor.
• In guidance of the Department of Labor.
• It will include representatives labor.
• <01:55:45.400> is requirements is that organized labor is requirements is that organized labor

Keywords: MS Senate Floor - 4 March, 2026; 10:00 AM, 925, all

Summary: The Senate convened with a quorum, opened with an invocation by Reverend Austin Warren of Alcorn State University, and then dispensed with the reading of the journal, committee reports, and bill titles. The chamber also heard a series of guest introductions, including representatives from the Council of State Governments, local visitors, students from Tupelo High School and First Presbyterian Day School, a doctor of the day, family members honoring a fallen highway patrol officer, forestry groups, and other guests in the galleries. The Senate then took up several calendar items. It passed House Bill 1648, the budget transfer bill, after a strike-all amendment and use of the morning roll call. It also advanced House Bill 1230 on distinctive motor vehicle tags and House Bill 1330 on local option alcoholic beverage control/resort area definitions, both with strike-all amendments and morning roll call passage. House Bill 750, the SMART Act extending a tax credit program that supports research partnerships between businesses and higher education institutions, was also passed by morning roll call. Later, House Bill 1761 relating to festival wine permits was amended with a strike-all and passed, and Senate Bill 3230 was taken up under suspension of the rules and passed to authorize Greenwood Leflore Hospital’s board to seek Chapter 9 debt relief. The chamber also adopted Senate Resolution 52 recognizing Mississippi Alpha Network/Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity on its 55th anniversary, and Senate Resolution 32 commending the Simpson Academy Lady Cougars softball team and Coach Matt Harrison for winning the MAIS 4A Division 1 State Softball Championship. Representatives of both groups addressed the Senate briefly, emphasizing service, community involvement, and the teams’ accomplishments. The Senate granted immediate release for the hospital bill and continued to pass or retain several other items on the calendar. Near the end of the transcript, the Senate began consideration of House Bill 1577 on false child abuse reports. Senator Fillingane explained a strike-all amendment that would make knowingly false reports a misdemeanor, with penalties including fines, jail time, and restitution, while preserving protections for good-faith reporting. Senators Seymour and Hopson asked questions about the bill’s criminal classification and burden of proof, and discussion was underway when the transcript ended.

Transcript Highlights:

• the construction labor force.
• specified terms related to labor specified terms related to labor organizations<00:40:37.839>
• specified terms related to labor specified terms related to labor organization<00:40:58.240>
• biders are required to have a labor biders are required to have a labor agreement<00:41:04.160><
• It has been found that labor force.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• AB 2495 simply amends existing labor protections to establish that all immigration-related threats are
• joint labor-management committees at work sites.
• AB 2227 by Assembly Member Connolly and others, an act relating to farm labor contractors.
• and farm labor contractors, or FLCs.
• Because of the prevalence of labor violations, the state requires FLCs to purchase a surety bond.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Summary: The Assembly convened, first dealing with quorum and routine procedural matters before moving through a series of third-reading bills, many focused on immigration enforcement, worker protections, child care, and school or voting-site safety. Early measures included AB 2393, AB 1994, AB 1929, AB 1633, AB 1650, AB 1655, AB 1851, AB 1896, and AB 2230, with authors and supporters arguing these bills would provide accountability, protect immigrant communities, preserve access to benefits and services, and limit intimidation by immigration enforcement. Opponents repeatedly argued the bills were anti-law-enforcement, unconstitutional, or based on exaggerated or nonexistent threats. Several bills passed by recorded vote, including AB 2393 (41-15), AB 1994 (58-0), AB 1929 (41-17), AB 1650 (44-19), AB 1655 (50-14), AB 1851 (56-0), AB 1896 (41-19), and AB 2230 (42-15). AB 1633, a 54-vote bill imposing a tax on for-profit detention facilities, was debated at length but the roll was not completed in the excerpt and the item was moved on from temporarily. After a caucus break, the House returned and took up additional bills. AB 2379 would require child care providers to be informed of constitutional protections and receive multilingual training regarding immigration enforcement; it passed 59-10 on both the urgency and the measure. AB 2460 would direct the education department to update referral protocols so schools can better respond to students affected by immigration enforcement trauma and family deportation; it passed 52-8. AB 2495 would expand prohibitions on unfair immigration-related practices by employers, making immigration-related threats unlawful in workplace disputes; it passed 50-15. Throughout the day, debate was highly partisan and often heated, with repeated exchanges over whether the bills addressed real harms or were political messaging, but the Assembly ultimately advanced the measures that came to a vote.

Transcript Highlights:

• I see many of my friends from labor in the audience, and I realize they have concerns about the impact
• c><00:24:36.640> my<00:24:36.800> friends<00:24:37.200> from<00:24:37.360> labor
• <00:24:37.720> in I see many of my friends from labor in I see many of my friends from labor
• examine and address potential labor examine and address potential labor impacts,<00:52:06.040>
• On<01:52:41.040> labor,<01:52:41.360> we're<01:52:41.520> deeply<01:52:41.880>

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And it goes and removes labor and adds workforce in several places. >> And if I'm correct, this is a
• ><00:15:40.000> goes<00:15:40.160> and<00:15:40.399> removes<00:15:40.720> labor
• <00:15:41.040> and<00:15:41.199> adds and it goes and removes labor and adds and it
• goes and removes labor and adds workforce<00:15:41.920> in<00:15:42.160> several<00:15

Bills: HB530, HB559, SB317, HB568, HB530, HB559, SB317, HB568

Keywords: tax exemption, Kidz Eatz, sales tax, non-profit, local government, loitering, mask mandate, public safety, school policy, college regulations, law enforcement, Alabama Innovation Corporation, board of directors, staggered terms, economic development, entrepreneurship, voting rights, restoration, pardons, Parole Board

Transcript Highlights:

• All right, members, we're going to item eight on the agenda: Department of Labor and Licensing, Arkansas
• Montgomery, the director of the Arkansas State Board of Public Accountancy with the Department of Labor
• I'm the Chief Legal Counsel for the Department of Labor and Licensing. Thank you, Mr. Parker.
• I'm the Chief Legal Counsel for the Department of Labor and Licensing, which includes our State Board

Summary: The Administrative Rules Subcommittee met to review a series of agency rules and related requests. The Department of Corrections and Post-Prison Transfer Board reported quarterly updates and had no questions, so both were filed. The Department of Commerce sought repeal of rules tied to the minority and women-owned business enterprise programs and the Consolidated Incentives Act, explaining the rules were repealed by implication or duplicative of statute; all were reviewed and approved. The Insurance Department presented a new rule implementing Act 426 of 2025 for online marketplace guarantee providers, using Airbnb-style host damage protection as an example, and it was approved. The Department of Education updated the Arkansas Adult Diploma Program rule to reflect statutory payment amounts for milestones and diplomas, and it was approved. DFA presented a rule creating a reporting method for the Arkansas rice beer and sake excise tax credit; members asked about verification of Arkansas rice use, and the rule was approved. DHS presented a SNAP rule implementing federal changes to work requirements and energy assistance counting, including raising the able-bodied adult without dependents age limit to 64 and removing some exemptions; it was approved after questions about terminology and waiver-related issues. The committee also approved DHS Medicaid rules allowing rehab hospitals to bill for psychiatric units and exempting Arkansas from the federal recovery audit contractor requirement, citing other program integrity measures already in place. The State Board of Public Accountancy, under Labor and Licensing, presented rules implementing Act 428 of 2025, including a new CPA licensure pathway with a bachelor’s degree plus two years’ experience, substantial equivalency for out-of-state CPAs, and removal of the government not-for-profit accounting requirement; despite some negative comments, both rules were approved. The committee then granted the Department of Education’s request to be excluded from certain reporting requirements, and approved its request to retain all 18 Division of Public School Academic Facilities and Transportation rules under Act 781 review. Remaining outstanding 2023-session rulemaking and monthly updates were noted in packets with no questions, and the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• The House Business and Labor Committee will meet this afternoon, and we will be hearing the Sunset Review
• 00:29:16.000> House<00:29:16.320> Business<00:29:16.640> and<00:29:16.880> Labor
• <00:29:17.279> Committee >> The House Business and Labor Committee >> The House
• Business and Labor Committee will<00:29:17.760> meet<00:29:18.000> this<00:29:18.240><

Keywords: 981, all

Summary: The House convened, led the pledge with students from University Prep in Denver, and established a quorum with 56 members present and nine excused. The journal from January 28, 2026 was approved as corrected. Members then made a series of announcements and introductions recognizing visiting students, educators, school board members, and the Colorado Forest Health Council. Committee notices were given for several upcoming hearings: Education would meet in room 107 to hear House Bills 1016, 1027, and 1050; Finance would meet upon adjournment in room 112 for the sunset review of the Colorado Securities Act and House Bills 1032 and 1059; State, Civic, Military, and Veterans Affairs would meet 15 minutes after adjournment in LSBA to hear House Bills 1068 and 1022; and Business and Labor would hear the sunset review of the Barber and Cosmetology Act and the sunset review of the Business Intelligence Center and Advisory Board. The chamber also heard brief remarks highlighting advocacy day and recognizing school-related guests from Denver and Aurora, including educators and school board representatives. No substantive floor votes beyond journal approval were taken. The House then adopted a motion to stand in recess until later in the day.

Transcript Highlights:

• item 5, SB 521, Gonzalez; file item 6, SB 581, McGuire; and file item 7, SB 853, Senate Committee on Labor
• Together, the local labor union and the local education agency negotiate the terms by which severe disciplinary
• This bill flips the local labor harmony upside down by applying a one-size-fits-all approach to disciplinary
• SJR 2 is sponsored by the California Federation of Teachers, with support from the California Labor Federation

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Public Employment and Retirement heard several retirement and school employment measures. SB 301 by Sen. Grayson would prevent CERL-covered cities and districts from amending retirement contracts to exclude certain employee groups, closing a loophole similar to one previously addressed for CalPERS. The bill was supported by California Professional Firefighters and received no opposition. SB 443 by Sen. Rubio would clarify that employees transferring into a joint powers authority can retain CalPERS classic status even when the JPA expands later; the city of La Verne, a flood management agency, and AFSCME supported the bill, and it also drew no opposition. Both bills were moved out of committee on unanimous votes and sent to Appropriations, with the consent calendar items SB 521, SB 581, and SB 853 also approved. The committee then heard SB 494 by Sen. Cortese, which would give classified school employees the right to have disciplinary appeals heard by an administrative law judge rather than by the school board. Supporters, including CSEA, AFSCME, and CFT, argued the bill would create parity with teachers and community college faculty and provide a fairer appeal process. Opponents, including the California School Boards Association, county superintendents, school business officials, and community college groups, argued it would remove local control, impose a one-size-fits-all process, and shift costs to districts. The bill was passed out of committee and referred to the Committee on Higher Education. The committee also considered SJR 2 by Sen. Cortese, a resolution urging Congress and the President to enact federal protections for classified school employees, including better wages, benefits, safety, and workplace rights. Support came from CFT, CSEA, and other labor groups, with no opposition. The resolution was adopted and moved forward. At the end of the hearing, the committee reopened the roll to add votes, and all listed measures ultimately passed unanimously or near-unanimously before the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• who was my first boss in this chamber when I worked for her as an intern in the Senate Judiciary and Labor
• as an intern in the Senate<00:10:25.440> Judiciary<00:10:25.959> and<00:10:26.120> labor
• <00:10:26.480> Committee<00:10:27.160> in Senate Judiciary and labor Committee in Senate
• Judiciary and labor Committee in the<00:10:27.480> 2013<00:10:28.160> session<00:10:29.040

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• of love and energy, and she had that drive, that sportsmanship drive, and she used that working for labor
• She had that drive, that sportsmanship drive, and she used that working for labor.
• She, That drive, that sportsmanship drive, and she used that working for labor.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• To be frank, the reason why I'm here today stems from an incident where laborers were attempted to do
• The laborers, for whatever reason, did not like that and have been attempting to get on this road.
• The laborers, for whatever reason, did not like that and have been attempting to get on this road.
• Ultimately, these things were adopted due to labor savings and the ability to reduce payroll costs for
• Ultimately, these things were adopted due to labor savings and the ability to reduce payroll costs for

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on several bills, with the longest discussion focused on House Bill 426 and Senate Bill 263, which would prohibit the sale in Massachusetts of cosmetics known to rely on vertebrate animal testing. Supporters from Animal Defenders International, Humane World for Animals, and the Animal Rescue League said animal testing is cruel, outdated, and unreliable, and pointed to non-animal alternatives and similar laws in other states and countries. No opposition was heard on that bill during the excerpt, and witnesses urged the committee to report it favorably. The committee also took testimony on House Bill 4543, which would clarify an existing pipe-fitting exemption for certain work performed on property owned by industrial plants, utilities, colleges, and similar institutions. A representative for Construction Industries of Massachusetts supported the bill, saying it would preserve longstanding practice for outside contractors doing yard piping work. Pipefitters Local 537 opposed it, arguing the work is properly licensed pipefitting and that the bill would weaken licensing standards and undermine state inspectors. Another major topic was Senate Bill 237 on regulating self-checkouts in grocery establishments. The Mass AFL-CIO and UFCW Local 1445 supported the bill, saying self-checkout has reduced staffing, increased worker stress and customer conflict, and contributed to theft and safety problems. Workers described being responsible for multiple machines at once, verbal abuse, and even assaults, and said the bill’s staffing and machine limits would improve safety and customer service. The committee also heard extensive testimony on House Bill 355, which would allow veterinarians to establish a client-patient relationship via telehealth; ASPCA, MSPCA, and several veterinarians supported it as a way to expand access to care, while the Massachusetts Veterinary Medical Association and several veterinarians opposed it, arguing that an in-person exam is essential for proper diagnosis and that telemedicine should only follow an in-person VCPR. Finally, the committee heard testimony on House Bill 330, Senate Bill 221, and House Bill 371, which would preempt local boards of health from adopting tobacco-related age or sales restrictions beyond the statewide standard. Public health advocates opposed the bills, arguing they would block local innovation and undermine nicotine-free generation policies adopted by municipalities, while retailers and tobacco trade groups supported them as necessary to preserve a uniform statewide age-21 standard and avoid confusion for consumers and businesses. No votes or final actions were taken during the excerpt.