Video & Transcript Research : 'generative AI'
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KY
Kentucky 2026 Regular Session
House Standing Committee on Appropriations and Revenue.(2-10-26)
Appropriations & Revenue
Transcript Highlights:
- Um so you reduction in general funds.
- Uh, it’s the process in general.
- That goes into the general fund.
- That goes into the general fund.
- That goes into the general fund.
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:00:00
Cabinet for Health and Family Services 00:00:30
Kentucky Department of Education 00:27:10
Education and Labor Cabinet 00:31:35
Auditor of Public Accounts 00:36:55, 958, all
Summary:
The committee met for a budget-only discussion with no bills scheduled for a vote. Members first welcomed a group of high school guests, then heard from the Cabinet for Health and Family Services on funding issues for child advocacy centers, domestic violence centers, rape crisis centers, and SNAP. DCBS Commissioner Lisa Dennis and budget director Misty Sammons said the victim-services programs were included in the current baseline budget, but it was too early in the budget process to know final funding levels. They said earlier reports of major cuts were based on a misunderstanding, that conversations with the agencies were ongoing, and that they would provide the committee with the agency’s base-budget information. A member also asked about domestic violence shelter funding, and the cabinet explained that prior one-time money had been used to replace lost federal Victims of Crime Act funds.
On SNAP, the cabinet said Kentucky does not expect to need additional money for benefit costs because the payment error rate is about 4%, below the threshold that would trigger added state costs. However, they said the federal HR1 change shifting SNAP administrative costs from a 50/50 state-federal split to 75% state and 25% federal will require additional funding to operate the program. Members praised the eligibility and family support staff for keeping error rates low and asked to be notified quickly if more implementation support is needed. Representative Bojanowski asked whether a specific SNAP administrative cost figure was already in House Bill 500; the cabinet said it was not, and that such an item would be an additional budget request not included in the bill.
The committee then heard from the Department for Medicaid Services. Commissioner Lisa Lee and Senior Deputy Commissioner Veronica Judy Cecil described Medicaid fraud-and-abuse monitoring, including a new CMS file and guidance on concurrent enrollment across states. They said DMS refers suspected fraud or abuse to the Attorney General’s office and that the relationship is working well. When asked about using AI, they said the department is not yet using AI but does use internal algorithms to flag potential fraud, waste, and abuse. Finally, Eric Lowry of the Cabinet for Health and Family Services discussed fiscal note processing, saying House Bill 2 is a complex Medicaid bill and that the cabinet is working to set up a meeting with the sponsor; he said the cabinet is responding and hopes to meet on Monday. The committee also briefly heard from the Kentucky Department of Education, where Matt Ross said the existing $7.4 million for school-based mental health services is already in the base budget and that no additional language is needed in House Bill 500 to distribute it, though KDE has requested additional funding to raise the overall appropriation to $18 million.
KY
Kentucky 2025 Regular Session
Capital Planning Advisory Board (5-21-25) - Reupload
Transcript Highlights:
- the governor's office and to the general the governor's office and to the general assembly<00:18
- Generator repairs in various buildings is number seven.
- for programs and systems that have an AI for programs and systems that have an AI element.<01:01
- Um, generator would be a base system.
- expect to receive funds from the general expect to receive funds from the general assembly<01:42
Keywords:
Meeting Start 00:00:00
Attendance Roll Call 00:00:05
Approval of Minutes 00:01:48
Welcome New Members 00:02:03
Information Items 00:02:35
Review of Executive Branch Agency Plans 00:03:33
A. Cabinet for Health and Family Services 00:04:00
B. Kentucky Department of Education 00:17:03
C. Education and Labor Cabinet 00:29:33
D. Energy and Environment Cabinet 00:42:38
E. Finance and Administration Cabinet 0:53:30
F. Justice and Public Safety Cabinet 01:13:28
G. Personnel Cabinet 01:31:04
H. School Facilities Construction Commission 01:41:39, 958, all
Summary:
The meeting was the first of the year for the Capital Planning Advisory Board. Members were called, a quorum was confirmed, new co-chairs and members were welcomed, and the board approved the prior year’s meeting minutes. The chair also reviewed the capital planning timeline, packet organization, and the list of agencies that submitted plans but would not testify.
The Cabinet for Health and Family Services presented first, outlining priorities centered on public safety, protecting existing infrastructure, preventive maintenance, and improving service delivery. Its major requests included a $21 million maintenance pool for 14 campuses and 175 buildings, phase 2 construction funding for a new public health laboratory, an 18-bed psychiatric hospital for children and adolescents with severe mental health needs, and several projects at Western State Hospital, Western State Nursing Facility, Hazlewood, and Oakwood. Members asked about the youth facility’s relationship to a separate DJJ project, vacant buildings, the high per-bed cost of the children’s hospital, and how the cabinet determined the need for the youth facility. CHFS said the youth project would be a separate facility serving high-acuity youth, the cost reflected the specialized nature of the unit and an 18-bed cap, and the broader youth plan also includes prevention, in-home services, and coordination across agencies.
The Kentucky Department of Education then described projects for its three state-operated facilities: the Kentucky School for the Deaf, the Kentucky School for the Blind, and the FFA leadership training center. It requested additional funding for the FFA classroom and activity building after bids came in higher than expected, plus funding for a new education finance application system to support SEEK budgeting. Other priorities included a maintenance pool, FFA pool renovation, electrical upgrades, campus education enhancements, lighting improvements, safety and security work, door and window replacements, and HVAC maintenance. Members asked about student outcomes, the size of the FFA pool, and construction cost assumptions; the department said it tracks students through the schools and short-course programs, the pool size figure may have been a typo, and current construction estimates are being adjusted upward because of inflation and supply-chain pressures.
The Education and Labor Cabinet began its presentation with 12 priority projects, including a state labor exchange system to connect job seekers and employers, renovation of the McDow Vocational Rehabilitation Center, and a new adult education and family literacy management information system. The cabinet said the labor exchange would help match workers with employers at no cost, while the McDow renovation was needed because the 30-year-old facility has safety and code concerns. The adult education system was described as outdated and lacking adequate case-management and tracking capabilities.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
House Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy Committee 9/17/25
Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- I've seen indications of fraudulent AI-generated healthcare records.
- I've seen indications of fraudulent<00:14:21.120>
AI <00:14:21.600>generated <00:14:22.160 - >
healthcare fraudulent AI generated healthcare fraudulent AI generated healthcare records.<00 - General Clark. there. General Clark. >> Thank<01:14:59.440>
you. - >> General<01:37:46.400>
Clark. >> General Clark. >> General Clark.
MN
Minnesota 2025-2026 Regular Session
Special Session - Senate Floor Session - Part 3 - 06/09/25
Minnesota Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- 13:43.200>
transmission <00:13:43.760>that generation that is the transmission that generation - <00:47:17.200>
next windows and run diesel generators next windows and run diesel generators - That's not why General to your house.
- and sell you AI and sell you AI and<00:48:11.760>
surpass <00:48:12.160>all <00:48: - <00:48:27.760>
Minnesota AI is predicted to cost Minnesota AI is predicted to cost Minnesota
FL
Transcript Highlights:
- While AI can improve efficiency and accuracy in certain cases, the bill seeks to mitigate risks related
- So the bill says with the AI, you want to check to make sure that things are done properly.
- However, we don't pay for things generally with cash.
- And the general trend is not taxing or not making things taxable in transactions.
- We're having a huge wealth transfer in this generation in the United States.
Summary:
The committee first took up SB 794, as amended by a late-filed strike-all, which would require a human being to make insurance claim denial decisions and prohibit artificial intelligence from being the sole basis for a denial. The sponsor said the bill was intended to preserve human oversight while allowing innovation in claims processing. Public testimony included support from the Florida Insurance Consumer Advocate and the Florida Medical Association, along with one speaker urging additional protections for homeowners. The committee adopted the strike-all and reported SB 794 favorably with committee substitutes.
Members then heard SB 134, which removes the $500 threshold on the sales tax exemption for bullion, making sales of gold, silver, and platinum bullion fully exempt and eliminating certain dealer documentation requirements. Supporters argued the change would reduce a regressive tax and help consumers preserve savings; the sponsor estimated a revenue impact of about $300,000. The bill was reported favorably. The committee also adopted a strike-all on SB 888, which directs the Office of Insurance Regulation to create a more consumer-friendly homeowners insurance website with premium comparison information, market data, rate filing access, and educational resources. The sponsor and Leader Boyd said the goal was to improve transparency and help consumers navigate a stabilizing market. SB 888 was reported favorably with committee substitutes.
The final bill heard was SB 1578, covering mammograms and supplemental breast cancer screenings. The sponsor said it would expand coverage requirements in ACA plans and private insurance policies, including annual mammograms for women ages 40 to 50 and supplemental screening coverage, while noting Medicaid already provides these services. The Florida Insurance Consumer Advocate waived in support, and the bill was reported favorably. After the bills, the committee held a lengthy panel discussion on gold and silver as legal tender and transactional money, with testimony from officials from Utah and Florida, industry representatives, and advocacy groups. Panelists discussed constitutional authority, consumer protections, depository oversight, taxation issues, and possible transactional platforms for precious metals. No further action was taken after the discussion, and the committee adjourned.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nomination of Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration. Jan 29th, 2025 at 02:30 pm
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- She's a fourth-generation farmer.
- I grew up as the fourth generation on our family's farm in Illinois.
- He fired the inspectors general. That was illegal under the law.
- By firing the inspector general, it requires 30 days' notice.
- You were generous.
HI
Hawaii 2026 Regular Session
CPC Public Hearing - Tue Feb 3, 2026 @ 2:00PM HST
Consumer Protection & Commerce
Transcript Highlights:
- after generation.
- <00:34:02.080>
after <00:34:02.399>generation. - <00:34:03.360>
So <00:34:03.679>that's generation after generation. - So that's generation after generation.
- attempts uh that have been made using AI attempts uh that have been made using AI or<00:50:30.960
Keywords:
liquor tax, alcohol, inflation adjustment, small craft breweries, public health, tenant rights, housing stability, landlord-tenant code, eviction prevention, multilingual resources, condominium, dispute resolution, mediation, arbitration, attorneys' fees, common expenses, construction defects, building code, statute of repose, statute of limitations
Summary:
The committee heard testimony on HB 1991, which would change Hawaii’s liquor excise tax structure to an ABV-based system. The Department of Taxation and the Tax Foundation of Hawaii took no position and stood on written comments. Supporters, including the Hawaii Public Health Institute and an individual testifier who described surviving a drunk-driving crash, argued that higher alcohol taxes reduce alcohol-related harms, save lives, and generate additional state revenue. The public health witness cited alcohol-related harms as a major preventable cause of death and said the tax increase would have only a small annual cost for most consumers.
Most industry testimony was in opposition. Representatives of Lanikai Brewing Company, Maui Brewing Company, the Wine Institute, and the Hawaii Food Industry Association said the bill would sharply raise taxes on beer and wine, squeeze already thin margins, and threaten local jobs and businesses. They argued Hawaii producers already face high costs for labor, energy, shipping, and compliance, and said an ABV-based tax would be difficult to administer, would require additional testing and labeling work, and could reduce consumer choice. Several industry witnesses urged lawmakers to instead adopt a small-producer or class 18 carveout, with one suggesting a cap tied to 60,000 barrels.
Committee members questioned the brewers about alcohol content testing, labeling, and whether smaller producers already measure ABV. Witnesses said many local producers do not certify ABV for in-state sales, that yeast and fermentation can vary by batch, and that an ABV-based system could require more testing than current practice. No vote or final action on the bill was taken during the portion of the meeting provided.
FL
Florida 2026 5th Special Session
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education Dec 3rd, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- I am a second-generation Gator, fourth-generation Floridian.
- I'm a proud second-generation Gator.
- I am also a fellow Gator, third-generation Gator, actually.
- And then somewhere around, honestly, my generation, the millennial generation, we started using college
- We have a security operations platform technology driven by generative AI.
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Higher Education met to hear confirmation testimony for a large slate of university and state college trustees. Most of the discussion centered on the nominees’ backgrounds, ties to their institutions, and priorities such as student success, workforce development, financial sustainability, research growth, housing, and maintaining or improving university rankings. Several University of Florida trustees emphasized campus improvements, “One UF” integration, institutional neutrality, and ambitions to move UF into the top tier nationally. Other nominees highlighted goals for Florida A&M, Florida Atlantic, UCF, Florida State, Florida Poly, the Florida Prepaid College Board, and several state colleges, with recurring themes of affordability, economic mobility, cybersecurity, and keeping Florida students in-state for college and careers.
Public testimony was heard on the Florida A&M appointment, where Elijah Hooks spoke in opposition to the current administration and described his expulsion, arrest, and trespass from the university after protesting the selection of President Marva Johnson. During questioning of FAU nominee Tina Vidal-Duart, senators asked about her prior service on the Hope Florida Foundation board and about reports concerning CDR Health’s contracting practices; she said she was not aware of the foundation issues at the time and noted that CDR’s state contract was a flat daily rate, so subcontractor pricing affected only the company’s internal margins. Other nominees received little or no questioning.
At the end of the meeting, the committee voted to confirm all nominees except Tina Vidal-Duart separately. Senator Bracy Davis requested the separate vote and opposed her confirmation, citing concerns related to her Hope Florida Foundation board service. Despite that objection, the committee ultimately voted to report Vidal-Duart favorably as well. The committee also noted that one University of West Florida nominee would be taken up at a later hearing because he was unable to attend.
FL
Florida 2026 Regular Session
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education Dec 3rd, 2025
Appropriations Committee on Higher Education
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm a proud second-generation Gator.
- I am also a fellow Gator, third-generation Gator, actually.
- And then somewhere around, honestly, my generation, the millennial generation, we started using college
- And then somewhere around, honestly, my generation, the millennial generation, we started using college
- We have a security operations platform technology driven by generative AI.
Summary:
The Appropriations Committee on Higher Education met to hear confirmations for 19 appointees and reappointees to university and state college boards, with most of the agenda focused on the University of Florida, Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, University of Central Florida, Florida State University, Florida Polytechnic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Pensacola State College, State College of Florida Manatee-Sarasota, North Florida College, South Florida State College, and the Florida Prepaid College Board. Testimony from the nominees generally emphasized their educational backgrounds, professional experience, and priorities such as student success, workforce development, financial sustainability, research growth, housing, and maintaining or improving institutional rankings. Several UF trustees highlighted the university’s “One UF” vision, institutional neutrality, and goals of reaching top-three or top-one national status. Other nominees stressed the role of state colleges in workforce pipelines, and Florida Poly witnesses focused on STEM growth, housing, and strong graduate outcomes.
One in-person public testimony came from Elijah Hooks, who spoke in opposition to the current FAMU administration and described his expulsion, arrest, and trespass from campus after protesting the appointment of President Marva Johnson. For FAMU, Jocelyn Dobson Rodriguez testified in support of her appointment, emphasizing her legal background, alumni ties, and goals of strengthening leadership, alumni engagement, and the connection between the main campus and the College of Law in Orlando. For Florida Atlantic University, Tina Vidal-Duart was questioned closely about her prior service on the Hope Florida Foundation board and about CDR Health’s involvement in state contracts; she said she was not aware of the foundation’s governance problems at the time and that CDR’s state contract was a flat daily rate.
The committee then voted to report all appointees favorably except for Tina Vidal-Duart, whose confirmation was held for a separate vote at the request of Senator Bracy Davis. After discussion, the committee voted 5-1 to report her confirmation favorably as well. The meeting concluded with no further business and adjournment.
MA
Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session
Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:00 am
Joint Committee on Financial Services
Transcript Highlights:
- But generally, we'll stick to the way which you all signed in.
- Essentially, it's AI, right?
- What's the state of play when it comes to AI and prior authorization?
- It's not good for the general population. It's not good for the public.
- It's not good for the general population. to happen. It's not good for the public.
Summary:
The committee held a hearing on several health care access and insurance-related bills, with most testimony focused on H.1136 to improve the prior authorization process. The Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association, Health Care for All, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, physicians, and hospital representatives all supported the bill, arguing that prior authorization delays care, increases administrative burden, contributes to clinician burnout, and can worsen patient outcomes. Witnesses described examples involving delayed cancer treatment, diabetes care, COPD medication, shingles pain treatment, and hospital discharge delays. They said the bill would preserve prior authorization but add guardrails such as longer validity periods, continuity-of-care protections, faster responses for urgent care, clearer lists of services requiring authorization, and more transparency and standardization.
The committee also heard testimony on H.1142/S.783 regarding equitable reimbursement for certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), with Senator Lovely and CRNA advocates supporting parity with physician anesthesiologists. They said CRNAs provide the same services at the same standard of care, but private insurers sometimes reimburse them at lower rates than physicians, which they argued is inconsistent with federal and state policy and harms access. Senator Keenan testified in support of a bill addressing claim denials and appeals, saying insurers should provide clearer explanations, time to resubmit claims, and timely appeal responses. Dr. Lorraine Schratz supported H.1126 to align state patient disclosure requirements with federal No Surprises Act rules, and Dr. Michael Trimbley supported H.1120 to recognize direct primary care as not being insurance and to encourage primary care participation.
The committee also heard testimony on H.1140/S.801 to remove barriers to patient care by updating insurance statutes to reflect nurse practitioners’ full practice authority, and on H.1168/S.A.18 to eliminate the PCP referral requirement for specialty gynecological care. Witnesses on those bills described delays and denials affecting autism diagnosis, nutrition coverage, and endometriosis care, and said the proposals would reduce unnecessary barriers and improve timely access. After testimony and a few member questions, the chair closed the hearing; no votes were taken during the session.
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
November 18, 2025 - 01:00 PM
Transcript Highlights:
- The other thing that this will do is right now in the age of AI in the age of chatgpt where we have a
- assignments, potentially amount of using anybody but potentially can be doing that through through AI
- Also intergenerational E and I think this would help the younger generation catch up and not lose sight
- And we also are helping to scale out AI enhanced supports through con me go to secondary students who
- Is our AI enhanced learning support for secondary students.
TX
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
State of the Union Address by the President of the United States (Tuesday, February 24, 2026)
US Federal House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- And they're really doing it for the next generation. But now it's our turn.
- generation. But now it's our turn. generation. But now it's our turn.
- AI challenge keeping<01:44:38.159>
America's <01:44:38.719>next <01:44:39.040>generation - keeping America's next generation keeping America's next generation position<01:44:40.159>
to - <02:18:04.319>
Jonathan I would now like to ask General Jonathan I would now like to ask General
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House State Government Finance and Policy Committee 3/6/25
State Government Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- They don't have an end date because there's always a need—for example, general maintenance workers or
- , as we're on the precipice of literally an AI revolution.
- as we're on the precipice of AI as we're on the precipice of literally<00:13:40.480>
an <00:13 - :13:43.040>
I literally an AI Revolution and so I literally an AI Revolution and so I guess<00 - <00:31:33.000>
the Auditor Office uh the uh generally the Auditor Office uh the uh generally
Keywords:
Office of Inspector General, inspector general, legislative audit, fraud prevention, waste and abuse, public funds, grant oversight, state grants, grant management, whistleblower protection, retaliation, subpoena power, data practices, government transparency, accountability, law enforcement referrals, sanctions, debarment, payment withholding, public assistance fraud
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Senate Committee on Health and Human Services Apr 8th, 2026
Health & Human Services
Transcript Highlights:
- that are generating anomalies for us to look at.
- that are generating anomalies for us to look at.
- So generally speaking, we look at...
- Yeah, it's to build proactive, use AI. AI you couldn't use in state government.
- And what... use AI to find things as your...
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Generally then, Senate Bill 72 would align the business code to extend the length of a rental agreement
- Combined these funds had balances of $25 billion at the end of 2024 and generated more than $1.1 billion
- The trust company also manages the Texas Treasury pool account, which averages $79 billion generated
- These companies are redefining national security with an AI powered system.
- In the blockchain and digital innovation sector, we are investing around decentralized finance, AI-driven
Keywords:
cryptocurrency, bitcoin, investment reserve, economic resilience, financial security, vehicle rental, damage waiver, consumer rights, business regulations, refund policy, telephone solicitation, telemarketing, text message marketing, SMS marketing, robotext, spam text, consumer protection, deceptive trade practices, DTPA, Business & Commerce Code
FL
Florida 2025 Regular Session
Education Postsecondary Feb 11th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- THE FUTURE FELT GYMNASIUM IS TO OFFER A PERSONALIZED, AI DRIVEN HEALTH AND FITNESS PROGRAM THAT WILL
- WITH OUR UF PARTNERS WE PLAN TO DISCOVER HOW AI CAN INFORM A PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO HEALTH AND FITNESS
- WE HAVE THIS PROGRAM UNDERWAY THAT IS FUNDED BY A VERY GENEROUS DONOR FOR ACADEMIC FOR FAMILIES WITH
- THE PARTNERSHIP WILL ACCELERATE STUDENT GENERATED RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS PRESENTATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF
- GENERAL LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY.
US
US Federal 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine research security risks posed by foreign nationals from countries of risk working at the Department of Energy¿s National Laboratories and necessary mitigation steps. Feb 20th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Energy and Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- From the Manhattan Project to cutting-edge AI research.
- In general, that works quite well.
- We had to be cleared for general counsel.
- It's also the AI and many of the other areas.
- It's AI, it's biotech, it's the new materials in manufacturing.
Keywords:
national security, Department of Energy, foreign espionage, security protocols, Chinese Communist Party, national laboratories, research security
Summary:
The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee convened to address pressing issues related to research security risks at the Department of Energy, focusing specifically on foreign nationals' access to sensitive information. The meeting highlighted the increasing threats posed by espionage from the Chinese Communist Party, which has sought to infiltrate U.S. national laboratories and exploit American research for military purposes. Discussions included the importance of tightening security protocols to safeguard national interests and maintain technological advantages. Witnesses provided insight into historical contexts and current vulnerabilities, emphasizing that without proper measures, the gaps could jeopardize national security.
TX
Texas 89th 2nd C.S.
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Mar 19th, 2025
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm a second-generation cell storage facility operator from Richmond, Texas, outside of Houston.
- I'm 1/4 generation.
- I call the general manager of the utility.
- Um, first off, um, I am a, uh, fifth-generation native Texan.
- And comes with a similar warning by the US Surgeon General under President Biden.
Bills:
HB 186
Keywords:
public funds, lobbying activities, political subdivisions, government expenditure, transparency, local government, political subdivision, county, city, municipality, special district, taxpayer-funded lobbying, lobbying restriction, registered lobbyist, government association, county association dues, Texas Legislature, injunctive relief, attorney's fees, Chapter 556
MN
Minnesota 2025 1st Special Session
House Agriculture Finance and Policy Committee 3/3/25
Agriculture Finance and Policy
Transcript Highlights:
- We generally have some of our own forms, but generally use their paperwork.
- We generally have some of our own forms, but generally use their paperwork.
- <00:15:10.279>
speaking program and uh generally speaking program and uh generally speaking - I appreciate that passing off to the next generation.
- You know, that’s a couple generations, maybe even three generations potentially.
Keywords:
HF770, Rural Finance Authority, RFA, capital investment, state bonds, general obligation bonds, bonding bill, agricultural loans, farm loans, beginning farmer, new farmer, seller-sponsored loans, loan restructuring, agricultural improvement loans, livestock expansion, modernization loans, rural development, Minnesota agriculture, farm credit, chapter 41B