Video & Transcript : 'removal standard' :

Page 47 of 500
NM

New Mexico 2026 Regular Session

House - Agriculture, Acequias And Water Resources Feb 7th, 2026 at 09:06 am

House Agriculture, Acequias And Water Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • Right now, those standards don't exist in New Mexico.
  • Produced water treatment does not remove all toxins, and protective standards are not in place to shield
  • To a clean brine standard.
  • And the desalination process, of course, removes a lot of the salts, but it also removes pretty much
  • So it's this kind of partial treatment to remove certain constituents.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Mar 11th, 2026

Resources and Conservation

Transcript Highlights:
  • We had to remove all these because they're literally sitting on top of our mains.
  • We want to remove and reduce For endangered listed fish.
  • On the back side, we'll move to the next substantive change, which is removal of Rule 45.
  • This definition is taken from the current FEMA standards regarding establishing base flood elevation.
  • the minimum standards.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • That's a pretty standard process for us. Anything you would add?
  • We also provided standardized guidance.
  • that has removal defense expertise.
  • removal defense program due to the Immigrant Justice Fellowship.
  • removal defense program due to the Immigrant Justice Fellowship.
Summary: The committee heard an extensive Department of Social Services presentation on child care budget issues, including the Governor’s proposed 2026-27 budget, federal CCDF changes, Prop. 64 revenue adjustments, and a one-time $11.5 million disaster-related infrastructure grant for licensed child care facilities affected by 2025 declared disasters. DSS said federal formula updates and lower Prop. 64 revenues would reduce funding and could result in about 4,176 CCTR slots being reduced, but the department said it was working to avoid impacts to currently enrolled children. The LAO supported aligning general child care funding with lower revenues and asked for more detail on the disaster grant. Members pressed DSS and Finance on why reductions were not being backfilled and why so many awarded slots remain uncontracted or unused; DSS said delays are largely due to providers building new infrastructure, licensing, staffing, and enrollment challenges, and that some unspent funds revert to the General Fund. The committee also discussed whether some contract dollars should be shifted to vouchers and whether more flexibility should be allowed for infrastructure and expansion costs. A second panel focused on the state’s commitment to expand child care and on rate reform. DSS reported that nearly 125,000 new slots have been awarded since 2021-22, but speakers from Stanislaus County Office of Education, Parent Voices California, and the California Budget and Policy Center argued that unmet need remains large and that the system still leaves many families without access. Stanislaus County described a large local shortage of infant and toddler care and said reimbursement disparities between child care programs and state preschool create disincentives for providers. Parent Voices gave testimony about the burdens and instability families face when trying to access care, especially for survivors and low-income parents, and called for a universal, publicly funded system. The Budget Center said only about 16% of eligible children were enrolled in 2024, urged expansion across the mixed delivery system rather than concentrating investment in TK, and called for faster rate reform and new revenue. LAO estimated that bringing certain CCTR adjustment factors up to CSPP levels would cost $88 million to $131 million ongoing. Members and witnesses discussed the single rate structure, automation needs, and the need for deadlines and a ramp-up plan; DSS said the goal is to eliminate disparities, but that policy decisions are still needed before automation can proceed. The committee then reviewed several trailer bill proposals. DSS outlined a 2026-27 COLA proposal that would apply a 2.41% increase through cost-of-care-plus payments, though the department said it had inadvertently excluded CalWORKs Child Care and the Emergency Child Care Bridge Program and would revise the proposal; LAO recommended making the COLA methodology uniform across programs. DSS also proposed replacing the market rate survey with the federally approved alternative methodology on a triennial schedule, limiting temporary absences in family child care homes to 20% of monthly hours, defining excessive unexplained absences as more than 30 days in a year, and aligning family fee deductions with new federal requirements so providers receive the full voucher value. Members generally supported the temporary absence change and asked about implementation timing for the family fee deduction, with DSS saying it was in contact with Riverside County. The committee also heard a brief update on the Early Childhood Policy Council reappropriation, which would extend unused funds through June 30, 2028 because prior costs came in higher than expected.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • </c><00:23:45.640><c> from</c> profanity or you could be removed from profanity or you could be removed
  • I know we, on Oʻahu, had removed the code and had an opinion that we had the authority to remove sections
  • I know we, on Oʻahu, had removed the code and had an opinion that we had the authority to remove sections
  • I know we, on Oʻahu, had removed the code and had an opinion that we had the authority to remove sections
  • </c><01:03:22.960><c> the</c> 60 42.2 so I think that removing the 60 42.2 so I think that removing the
Committee: House Housing
Summary: The Committee on Housing held a public hearing on January 31 and heard testimony on a series of housing and building-code bills. The first major item, HB 1 relating to building codes, drew sharply divided testimony. Supporters, including BIA Hawaii, Grassroot Institute, Dr. Horton, and several builders and trade groups, argued the current code-adoption process is slow, fragmented, and costly, and that reform would help housing production. Opponents, including Sierra Club Hawaii, AIA Hawaii, ICC, and labor representative Kiko Bosi, said the bill would weaken public safety, reduce statewide consistency, and could leave tenants and first responders at greater risk. No vote was taken during the hearing, and members asked questions about the effect of a governor’s emergency proclamation suspending the Building Code Council and about county authority over code amendments. The committee then heard HB 745 and HB 1321, both also relating to building codes. Grassroot Institute supported both measures, saying the system is broken and needs streamlining, while BIA Hawaii and others emphasized the cost burden of repeated code updates. Opponents, especially Bosi and ICC, argued that the bills would undermine the State Building Code Council’s role, create confusion, and prioritize cost over safety; Bosi also said labor should be included in any code discussions. Members questioned whether counties can remove state code provisions and whether the state code already supersedes county codes, and one member noted the need for clarity and consistent enforcement rather than a wholesale overhaul. Later, the committee heard HB 284 on housing, HB 761 on county permitting and inspection, and HB 738 on historic preservation. HB 284 drew support from several housing and real estate groups, while DLNR opposed it. On HB 761, HHFDC supported the bill, DLNR warned that the proposed changes could jeopardize Hawaii’s participation in the National Flood Insurance Program, DAGS said it would likely need to duplicate county permitting staff, and the Department of Planning and Permitting opposed it; Grassroot Institute and NAIOP supported it. For HB 738, HHFDC, DLNR, Grassroot Institute, Hawaii YIMBY, NAIOP, and others supported the measure, with Grassroot and NAIOP suggesting clarifications so expedited review would also cover mixed-use projects and better define the scope of work. The transcript does not show any final votes or committee action on these bills during the hearing.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • And you made a comment about lessened standards in your statement. Yes. Thanks for the question.
  • So this will be the highest standard anywhere in the country. And...
  • So this will be the highest standard anywhere in the country.
  • And recycling facilities having to certify that the merch has been removed.
  • And recycling facilities having to certify that the merch has been removed.
Summary: The Assembly Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee heard several bills focused on wildfire preparedness, industrial safety, and recycling oversight. SB 1153 by Senator Caballero would require urban retail water suppliers to add wildfire-specific procedures to emergency plans and coordinate with fire agencies; supporters said it would improve planning while recognizing water system limits, and the bill was framed as protecting ratepayers and infrastructure. SB 811, also by Senator Caballero, would create a comprehensive DTSC permitting and regulatory framework for metal shredding facilities; supporters argued it would set clear statewide standards and protect communities, while opponents said it would weaken hazardous waste protections and carve the industry out of existing law. SB 883 by Senator Umberg would impose new safeguards for facilities storing reactive chemicals such as methyl methacrylate after the Garden Grove evacuation, including backup cooling, public review, emergency planning, and state tracking; industry groups opposed the breadth of the bill and sought further clarification, while environmental and community groups supported it. SB 1010 by Senator Ashby would strengthen oversight of appliance recyclers by improving reporting, inspections, certification, and funding for enforcement; supporters said it would reduce emissions and improve compliance, while recyclers raised concerns about fees and certification requirements. Each bill drew extensive testimony from industry, environmental, labor, local government, and community representatives. Supporters generally emphasized public safety, transparency, and the need for clearer statewide standards, while opponents warned about overregulation, reduced flexibility, or unintended impacts on existing hazardous waste and recycling systems. Committee members also raised questions about transparency, liability, size-based treatment of facilities, and whether the bills were narrowly tailored enough to address the problems identified. The committee voted to advance all four measures to the Committee on Appropriations, with votes taken on call and some members voting no or not voting on certain bills. The final add-on votes showed SB 811, SB 883, SB 1010, and SB 1153 all passing out of committee, with the roll left open for absent members before the meeting adjourned.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
  • We can't remove it, so please just ignore it. We are not asking for that information.
  • The standard applies to what are called in statute Tier 1 buildings.
  • Compliance with the standard in Tier 1 varies by building size.
  • The standard applies to what are called in statute Tier 1 buildings.
  • Compliance with the standard in Tier 1 varies by building size.
Summary: JLARC met on April 8, 2026, with Senator Keith Wagner chairing in person and Rep. Pallett joining remotely. The committee approved the January 7 minutes and honored Marilyn Richter, who is retiring in June after more than 12 years of service to JLARC and the Citizens Commission. Staff then gave a legislative recap and work plan update, noting that the legislature adopted six bills or provisos implementing recommendations from recent JLARC reports, and that JLARC received seven new study assignments, including reviews of state oversight mechanisms for fraud, waste, and abuse and State Patrol toxicology lab delays. The committee approved the updated 2025-27 work plan, including the new assignments and the required 2027 lodging tax review. The committee also heard about a new anonymous post-meeting member survey tied to JLARC performance measures, then considered the final report on ignition interlock device compliance and monitoring. Staff reported that 59% of drivers with ignition interlock requirements had not installed a device as of June 2025, with installation rates rising by income, and found problems in the Department of Licensing’s financial assistance program and in coordination between DOL and the State Patrol. The report recommended clearer goals and responsibilities for DOL, a formal interagency agreement, and a coordinated plan to raise installation rates; both agencies concurred. Members discussed whether noncompliance reflected continued driving or people stopping driving, and agency representatives said some drivers do stop driving while others take the risk. The committee approved the final report. JLARC then reviewed the drug take-back fee setting and expenditures report. Staff said the Department of Health’s oversight costs had outpaced fee revenue because the statutory fee cap is tied to program operator spending, and recommended public reporting of oversight costs and a legislative change to allow full cost recovery. Members debated transparency, the risk of overpricing the program, and whether Ecology might be a better home for the program; the committee adopted a comment urging transparency and a future review of best practices before fee-structure changes, then approved the final report with that comment. Finally, staff presented the scope and objectives for the Clean Buildings Performance Standard study, focused on large state-owned and K-12 buildings due to comply by June 2026. Members asked about fines, funding, workforce constraints, and how costs and energy savings would be measured; staff said the study would examine compliance costs, savings, funding sources, and variation by building characteristics. The meeting adjourned after administrative announcements about upcoming JLARC meetings and the survey reminder.
FL

Florida 2026 4th Special Session

February 10, 2026 - 01:30 PM

Transcript Highlights:
  • Defaulting to CLIA standards would not sacrifice quality of care and would encourage more individuals
  • If we were able to get a second opinion, our children would not have been removed.
  • Despite children being treated and medically supervised, DCF removes them anyway.
  • They were going to scrub his face and remove his skin, but I wouldn't let them do that.
  • They were going to scrub his face and remove his skin, but I wouldn't let them do that.
Summary: The Health and Human Services Committee considered eight bills and reported all of them favorably, several as amended. HB 1347 on clinical laboratory personnel was presented as a response to staffing shortages in Florida labs; the sponsor and Quest Diagnostics supported aligning state licensure with CLIA standards to improve hiring and turnaround times. The bill passed 24-0. CS/HB 47, dealing with specific medical diagnoses in child protective investigations, drew extensive emotional testimony from parents and advocates who said children had been wrongly removed after misdiagnoses; the bill was amended to tighten timelines and record-sharing requirements, then passed 26-0. CS/HB 287 created a public records exemption for applicants, owners, operators, and references of family foster homes and passed unanimously. The committee also approved CS/HB 439, allowing chiropractors to inject vitamins and nutrients under training and safety limits, after an amendment clarified they may not prescribe prescription drugs; it passed 26-0. CS/HB 1021 would allow pharmacists to administer medications in trauma centers under physician direction, and an amendment added pediatric trauma centers; it passed 26-0. HB 867 would let occupational therapists perform dry needling after specified training and supervision, and it passed 25-0. HB 1309, which shortens deadlines for patients to access their medical records and aligns nursing home access rules with federal law, drew opposition from health information management groups over privacy and portal/data-security concerns, but supporters argued it simply speeds access to records; it passed 21-5. CS/HB 915 codifies and expands Medicaid eligibility protections for working people with disabilities so they can keep coverage while employed, with strong support from disability advocates and emotional testimony from the sponsor about her son’s benefits concerns; it passed 26-0. After these votes, the committee adjourned.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Judiciary Committee Apr 21st, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • They don't want to chase kids on bikes and enforce the standards themselves.
  • What they want are standards that are safe.
  • The 750-watt and 20-mile-per-hour standard has been widely adopted across the country.
  • It took nearly a year before law enforcement finally removed his guns.
  • If these standards, we don't standardize what we expect here for California consumers, then far too many
Committee: House Judiciary
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • I appreciate the hard work of this committee, and I accept the committee's amendments, which remove a
  • We removed our opposition based on the amendments currently in print and now support. Thank you.
  • AB 1720 removes the arbitrage opportunity. Thank you.
  • AB 1720 removes the arbitrage opportunity for these speculators.
  • So we respectfully urge the committee to remove So I just want to focus on one core part.
Summary: The Senate Committee on Privacy, Digital Technologies, and Consumer Protection heard several bills focused on privacy, AI, surveillance, and consumer protections. AB 302 would bar schools from excluding students from extracurricular activities because they do not use social media and would require schools to use at least one non-addictive means of contacting students and parents; it drew support from Common Sense Media and no opposition. AB 1705, the Reclaim Act, would require websites hosting non-consensual pornography to verify consent before upload; district attorneys and the Commission on the Status of Women supported it, while TechNet and CCIA opposed or raised concerns. AB 2007 would separate parental consent for a child’s image/likeness from general program enrollment forms in youth programs; educators supported it, while local government and parks groups raised implementation and penalty concerns. AB 2212 would update higher education sexual harassment definitions to include tech-facilitated harassment such as cyberbullying, doxing, and nudification-related abuse; students and advocacy groups strongly supported it, with no opposition. AB 1837 would extend transit agencies’ authority to use camera enforcement in bus-only lanes and at transit stops, with privacy retention limits and human review; transit agencies supported it, while some senators expressed concern about automated enforcement and surveillance, and the bill was placed on call after a split vote. AB 2392 would create an intersegmental higher education working group on generative AI training and procurement standards; it passed 5-0 after amendments removed prerequisites tying AI deployment to completion of the report. The consent calendar was also approved on call. Later, AB 1798 would prohibit life and disability insurers from using non-diagnostic genetic information in underwriting; supporters argued it protects privacy and encourages testing, while insurers opposed the bill as undermining risk-based underwriting, and it advanced on a 3-0 vote on call. Finally, AB 1883 would restrict workplace use of emotion-recognition and neural-data surveillance tools; labor and privacy advocates supported it, employers and local agencies raised safety and litigation concerns, and it passed 3-0 to Labor after narrowing amendments.
AZ

Arizona 2026 Regular Session

02/18/2026 - House Judiciary

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • Would removing the law enforcement provision help you out a little bit? A little bit?
  • And they should be held to a higher standard if they choose to commit crimes.
  • They'll also They should be held to a higher standard if they choose to commit crimes.
  • removes language stating the definition of person includes vagrants.
  • This law helps remove the access and helps protect others.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Early Learning & Human Services Jan 23rd, 2026 at 08:00 am

Early Learning & Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • the department's risk assessment process be certified every two years based on current academic standards
  • Can you explain to me what the current academic standards are? Where are those?
  • So what are these current academic standards? That term is not defined in the bill.
  • Representative Burnbaum: This removes that.
  • If the answer is yes, they should be willing to defend that standard.
CA
Transcript Highlights:
  • CAR looks forward to formally removing opposition to SB 1267 once the amendments are in print.
  • Yeah, it would be the same standard but exclusively applied to the marginal square footage.
  • Yeah, it would be the same standard but exclusively applied to the marginal square footage.
  • it simply ensures that local governments cannot take housing standards.
  • SB 1361 removes the ability for... ...bus rapid transit projects.
Summary: The Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee heard several housing-related bills. SB 457 would direct HCD to develop statistical formulas based on historical development data to help cities complete housing element site inventories, with the author and supporters arguing it would make RHNA compliance more realistic and less costly; the California Building Industry Association opposed, and the bill was later approved on a 7-1 vote. SB 904 would codify and expand wildfire-rebuilding coordination and reporting practices used after recent fires, with supporters saying it would speed recovery and opponents questioning the need for additional reporting; it passed 11-1. The committee also took up SB 1091, which would create a state acquisition-and-preservation program for unsubsidized affordable housing to prevent displacement; it drew broad support from housing and tenant groups and passed 9-1, with members emphasizing preservation as a key housing strategy. Members also considered SB 1267, which would require EV charger installers in common-interest developments to indemnify associations during installation and make homeowners responsible for costs arising from use of privately owned chargers. The bill was presented as a follow-up to prior HOA-related EV charging legislation, with support from HOA, EV, and climate groups and opposition from the California Association of Realtors pending amendments; it passed 10-0. SB 1117 would clarify that ADU impact fees above the 750-square-foot exemption are charged only on the portion above that threshold, not the entire unit, and supporters said it would remove a fee cliff that discourages slightly larger ADUs. Cities, special districts, and fire agencies opposed or opposed unless amended, citing infrastructure funding concerns, but the bill passed 10-0 after extensive debate. The committee also heard SB 1361, which would prevent local governments from taking actions to avoid SB 79 transit-oriented housing requirements at existing or planned transit stops. Supporters from L.A. Metro, labor, and housing groups said it would protect transit investments and jobs, while the City of Burbank opposed; the bill passed 9-0. Two consent items, SB 722 and SB 1426, were approved without discussion. Throughout the hearing, members repeatedly stressed the goals of streamlining housing production, preserving existing affordable homes, and reducing barriers to rebuilding and transit-oriented development.
WA
Transcript Highlights:
  • Customers would receive at least 15 days' written notice to remove their property.
  • It would allow reasonable access to remove that property.
  • So nothing would be removed for at least a minimum of 21 days, depending on the notice given.
  • House Bill 2476 modifies the spirits beer and wine theater license by removing the 120 C.
  • The spirits, beer, and wine theater license by removing the 120 seats per screen restriction.
Summary: The Consumer Protection and Business Committee heard public hearings on several bills related to real estate, self-storage, and consumer disclosures. House Bill 2477 would shorten the time to bring claims against appraisers arising from appraisal reports to two years from discovery or five years from signing, except fraud claims, and would limit liability to specified clients and intended users. The sponsor and appraiser witnesses said the bill would reduce long-tail liability, lower insurance and recordkeeping burdens, and help attract new appraisers; no opposition testimony was heard in the excerpt. House Bill 2512 would prohibit real estate brokers from marketing residential properties to exclusive groups unless the property is also publicly marketed. Supporters, including Washington Realtors, Zillow, Habitat for Humanity, Windermere, and others, said it would promote transparency, competition, and fair housing; opponents argued it could limit homeowner privacy and autonomy, and the Attorney General’s office said the Washington Law Against Discrimination already covers discrimination concerns and objected to placing enforcement in that statute. House Bill 2240 would modernize self-storage rental agreements by allowing electronic execution, deeming continued use after notice as acceptance, and setting notice and disposal rules after termination or nonrenewal; storage industry witnesses supported the bill as clarifying safety and notice procedures, while an advocacy witness opposed it as harmful to unhoused people and others who rely on storage units. House Bill 2465 would require a water recreation safety guide for short-term rentals with pools or similar facilities; the sponsor and hospitality industry supported it as a low-cost safety measure, while cities raised implementation concerns and asked for an amendment on where the guide would be posted. House Bill 2501 would update a seller disclosure notice to reflect the Pollution Liability Insurance Agency’s shift from a no-cost insurance program to a loan-and-grant remediation program, and it drew support as a technical correction. House Bill 2624 would exempt public entities, tribes, and nonprofit land conservancies from the 2025 “solicited real estate transactions” appraisal and notice requirements; conservation groups and the Department of Natural Resources supported it as necessary to preserve land acquisition and grant funding, and the sponsor described it as a cleanup bill. The committee then moved into executive session and took action on two liquor-related bills. House Bill 2536, allowing wineries to hold a spirits, beer, and wine restaurant license or beer/wine restaurant license at one location, was moved out of committee with a due pass recommendation by a 14-1 vote. House Bill 2476, modifying the spirits, beer, and wine theater license, was amended via a proposed substitute that restored the 120-seat-per-screen limit except for theaters admitting only patrons 21 and older; the substitute was reported out with a due pass recommendation by a 13-2 vote. Members discussed the balance between business flexibility and concerns about alcohol access in family settings and recovery communities.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

House Housing Jan 19th, 2026 at 01:30 pm

Housing

Transcript Highlights:
  • for this differ based on who the tenant was, or are the standards better defined than that?
  • So the bill doesn't define what the standard would be.
  • It briefly pauses evictions during declared extreme heat by the National Weather Service when removal
  • It briefly pauses evictions during declared extreme heat by the National Weather Service when removal
  • Currently in the bill, it's written that you can't do the removal, ...to actually carry out the removal
Bills: HB1974 , HB2265 , HB2452
Committee: House Housing
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Judiciary Committee Apr 7th, 2026

Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:
  • The doctors who remove my breasts will never be held accountable.
  • I was just a child when a surgeon removed my breasts.
  • CalChamber opposes this bill because it creates no standards.
  • I would say the standards listed here in the third section are standards under federal law, and they
  • What kind of standards would it take?
Committee: House Judiciary
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Housing and Community Development Committee Jun 10th, 2026

Housing and Community Development

Transcript Highlights:
  • The bottom line is that this sort of relief and urgent coordination ought to be standard procedure for
  • The bottom line is that this sort of relief and urgent coordination ought to be standard procedure for
  • CAR looks forward to formally removing opposition to SB 1267 once the amendments are in print.
  • Yeah, it would be the same standard but exclusively applied to the marginal square footage.
  • SB 1361 removes the ability for...
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Apr 1st, 2026

Judiciary, Rules and Administration

Transcript Highlights:
  • We'll take those things out of the law so that the things that you've said are problematic are removed
  • There's no intent to apply any new standard.
  • It should keep the same standard, the same penalties, the same civil liabilities, all the same.
  • So we would remove all data if we just repealed this piece of legislation, right?
  • That, you know, publicly, public libraries, ...follow this stricter, simpler standard.
FL

Florida 2025 Regular Session

House in Session Apr 16th, 2025

Florida House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • We are not removing the Governor's power from anything. There is no removal of powers.
  • You would go through the same standards you... Go through now.
  • REMOVE LINE TO AND INSERT AN AMENDMENT.
  • THIS IS A TECHNICAL AMENDMENT THAT REMOVES WHICH.
  • BARCO.1171 REMOVE LINES 54 THROUGH 56 AND INSERT AN AMENDMENT.
WA

Washington 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Transportation Feb 23rd, 2026 at 04:00 pm

Transportation

Transcript Highlights:
  • We work together on coordinating our different standards for our grant programs.
  • . existing fuel systems and must meet existing fuel standards.
  • And then under current standards, it must be blended with the conventional patrol.
  • Now, what would be the measuring standard for that?
  • Public is also removed. With that, I would be happy to answer any questions.
Bills: HB2111 , HB2495
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

Senate Education Finance (02/12/2025)

Education Finance

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> for the EFA program and when you remove for the EFA program and when you remove the<00:49:32.880
  • </c> families have please vote to remove families have please vote to remove these<01:11:48.920><c> unfair
  • In essence, this is what you are asking by removing the household income thresholds.
  • In essence, this is what you are asking by removing the household income thresholds.
  • Removing the income restriction will not get them to participate either.