Transcript Highlights:

• </c> the boards of the Nassau education the boards of the Nassau education foundation<00:24:29.200><c
• </c> a senior member of the education a senior member of the education Workforce<02:16:55.399><c> committee
• </c><02:20:53.120><c> shaping</c> our loved ones to the Educators shaping our loved ones to the Educators
• A quality education sets students up for a lifetime of success.
• </c><07:23:23.840><c> and</c> California were children and parents and California were children and parents

Keywords: U.S. House of Representatives Floor Proceedings on Wednesday, January 15, 2025, 1012, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> education fund. education fund.
• the House um increased special education the House um increased special education per<01:04:53.119><c
• ><c> trust</c><01:06:48.960><c> fund</c> relates to the education trust fund relates to the education
• </c> the general fund, education trust fund. the general fund, education trust fund.
• Representative Lad said no problem. education increase the differentiate a education increase the differentiate

Keywords: 10am HB 1 & HB 2, 928, house, all

Summary: The committee of conference for HB 1 and HB 2 reviewed the side-by-side budget comparison and began working through agreed and disputed items. Members first confirmed that grayed-out items were already settled and discussed a process for making later technical and intent changes, especially to true up abolished positions after additional decisions were made. They then moved through several budget sections, including judicial branch reductions, retirement systems, the Department of Justice, the Human Rights Commission, liquor enforcement, corrections, and the Department of Information Technology. Several items were agreed to or treated as settled package items, including the judicial branch position, the Department of Justice reduction, the Human Rights Commission item being held until related HB 2 language is finalized, the Housing Appeals Board being moved into the Board of Tax and Land Appeals, and the Office of Child Advocate. The committee also agreed to update the House bill language as needed based on HB 2 decisions, and to keep certain IT support rows in place unless related boards and commissions are eliminated. The effective date remained July 1, 2025, with no change. The main unresolved discussion centered on the retirement systems budget, where the Senate defended a large increase for deferred IT security and investment-function improvements, while the House argued the increase was too large and favored a back-of-the-budget cut. The Senate said the funds would support strategic IT and investment changes and would remain in the trust if cut, while the House emphasized the size of the increase and suggested a compromise. The committee ultimately retained the Senate position on retirement systems for the moment and said it would return to the issue later. On corrections and liquor enforcement, the committee described a negotiated back-of-the-budget cut structure, including a $10 million cut for corrections with some restoration of POS offices and administrative aides, and a liquor enforcement cut that was treated as part of a broader package. The Department of Safety item related to commercial enforcement and motor vehicle inspections was held for later discussion. The meeting ended with several items agreed, several held for coordination with HB 2, and some major budget questions still open.

Transcript Highlights:

• So I think that's an important follow-up, especially for us small business advocates in educating those
• And we know when we have low-wage jobs that perpetuates housing crises, food crises, educational gaps
• community, that we are identifying and investing in young people that may not get a four-year college education
• Every day in California, there are parents working full-time jobs that still have to worry about how
• Over time, improving our food security will contribute to better health outcomes, stronger educational

Summary: The committee heard several measures focused on economic development, procurement, workforce equity, federal infrastructure funding, and food security. SB 1044 by Senator Reyes would raise and then index to inflation the cap for streamlined state contracts awarded to certified small businesses, microbusinesses, and disabled veteran business enterprises for services and IT work; supporters said the current cap is outdated and limits access, while opponents representing goods suppliers and some small business groups argued the bill could disadvantage goods contractors and should preserve lower thresholds for those contracts. After discussion about the ceiling versus floor effect of the cap and the impact on different types of businesses, the bill was approved as amended and sent to Appropriations. SB 247 by Senator Smallwood-Cuevas would create a bid preference for projects that hire workers from disadvantaged communities; supporters framed it as a way to connect public infrastructure spending to family-sustaining jobs, while union construction employers opposed it because they said they cannot control worker dispatch through hiring halls and the bill would be difficult to implement. The committee advanced the measure to Appropriations despite those concerns. The committee also approved SJR 6 by Senator Cortese, which urges the federal government to honor commitments under the bipartisan infrastructure law, CHIPS and Science Act, and Inflation Reduction Act, with supporters emphasizing the importance of certainty for California infrastructure, clean energy, and semiconductor investments. SB 1025 by Senator Hurtado would establish an Office of Food Security and Affordability to coordinate food assistance efforts and develop a statewide food security strategy; supporters from a Kern County food bank and the University of California said the state’s response to hunger is fragmented and needs better coordination, while committee members asked about deliverables and timelines. The bill was sent to Appropriations. The committee also took up consent items SB 700 and SB 1340, which were moved on consent to Appropriations, and the hearing ended with the remaining votes recorded and the bills advanced. Throughout the hearing, members repeatedly discussed the need for clearer implementation details, data on program impacts, and how to balance equity goals with operational realities for state agencies, contractors, and small businesses.

Transcript Highlights:

• It's to distribute grants to airports and entities that develop, promote, and educate aeronautics and
• This is to keep three vacant education positions temporarily filled as they search for full-time employees
• Grants are to providers across the state for tobacco prevention and cessation education and promotion
• Contract number three, Higher Education Division with ASUBB.
• This is to partner with the social work program to implement the WIC Baby and Me parenting program in

Committee: All JOINT BUDGET COMMITTEE

Summary: The committee heard a series of appropriation requests and contract reviews across multiple sections. In Section B, members approved temporary appropriations for the Court of Appeals, Commerce/Aeronautics, and Insurance-related payments and refunds. Section C ARPA requests from DHS were approved to return unused federal funds. Section D infrastructure-related appropriations, including wildfire preparedness, broadband BEAD funding, forestry support, recycling, and oil and gas sample preservation, were approved after questions about broadband audit controls and performance safeguards. Section E DHS reallocations were approved, including large transfers within Medical Services from hospital medical to private and public nursing home lines, along with smaller transfers for children and family services, developmental disabilities, and youth services; members asked about the source and purpose of the medical services transfer. Sections F and G were reviewed, covering cash fund requests, federal grants, and miscellaneous grants, including community college storm repairs, corrections commissary and maintenance, 911 enhancements, maternal health, disability determinations, state police equipment, digital newspaper archiving, and CDL data improvements. In Section H, the committee reviewed pay plan appropriations and performance fund transfers tied to the new Class and Comp pay plan. Section I reviewed three methods of finance for UA Little Rock, UAMS, and the University of Arkansas system. In Section J, the committee reviewed discretionary grants, including a $1.4 million HIV services grant and nine tobacco prevention subgrants through UAPB. Members questioned the effectiveness, metrics, and addresses of some tobacco-cessation arts-based grantees, especially Arts Absolutely Inc.; after discussion, Representative Kavanaugh moved to expunge the vote on J2 and refer it back for review at a later ALC meeting, and that motion passed. J3, a Department of Energy and Environment grant for propane safety training and e-waste recycling services, was then reviewed. The committee also reviewed contracts in Section K. K-1 ratified emergency management nuclear planning work performed during a transition between agencies. K-2 construction contracts included architectural and engineering services for corrections, National Park College signage, a Razorback Road parking facility, and UAMS cyclotron installation. K-3 intergovernmental contracts covered health, education, autism waiver, stroke, newborn screening, Medicaid evidence review, and radiation testing services. K-4 out-of-state contracts included staffing, IT, tobacco prevention, audit, marketing, planetarium, recruitment, and janitorial services; Senator Irvin noted one contract appeared to belong in the out-of-state list rather than intergovernmental. K-5 in-state contracts covered staffing, cleaning, re-entry and treatment services, foster care and disability services, hearing officers, asbestos abatement, campus IT support, and janitorial work. The meeting ended after a brief personal update from Senator Irvin about tornado damage in Stone County and thanks to members for their concern, followed by adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• The next category, working our way from left to right, would be higher education.
• And specifically for higher education, we're only identifying the college and universities budget for
• including community colleges or some of those specially budgeted programs that we have under the higher education
• We talked earlier about, in education, the Empowering Parents Program.

Summary: The Senate Local Government and Taxation Committee met to hear a JFAC budget presentation from Senator Scott Groh and Keith Bybee on the state’s general fund outlook and budget process. The discussion focused on structural balance, revenue trends, sales tax distributions, and the growing share of sales tax that is directed away from the general fund to earmarked programs, tax relief, and local government distributions. Bybee also reviewed long-term budget growth by category, noting major drivers such as public schools, Medicaid, higher education, and other policy-driven spending increases. A major topic was the state’s fiscal position for fiscal years 2026 and 2027. Bybee explained that revenue projections have come in below prior expectations, leaving a much smaller ending balance than originally projected. He said the governor’s budget relies on one-time money, a 3% holdback, and other assumptions to maintain balance, while the legislative scenario still faces uncertainty, especially around tax conformity and possible federal tax changes. Senators asked about the reliability of the revenue and conformity estimates, the use of one-time funds versus rainy day reserves, and the potential impact on Idaho’s AAA bond rating. Senator Groh summarized JFAC’s approach as cautious and conservative, emphasizing uncertainty in revenue forecasts and the need to avoid relying too heavily on one-time money or stabilization funds. He said JFAC planned to vote Friday on a 3% governor holdback, with agencies asked to identify 1% to 2% cuts for fiscal years 2026 and 2027. No formal votes were taken by the committee in this meeting, and the chair adjourned after thanking the presenters.

Transcript Highlights:

• PARTNERSHIP WITH FLORIDA COMMUNITY CARE AND OF THE STICK LISTEN SISTER AGENCIES WAS OUTREACH AND EDUCATION
• WHEN THEIR RISK PROFILE BECOME OF ACTUARIES HAD TO MAKE EDUCATED GUESSES.
• I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TALK TO SOME PARENTS WHO THEIR CHILDREN HAVE BEEN ABLE TO GET OFF THE WAITLIST AND
• OUTREACH AND EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION, WE INTEND TO CONTINUE THROUGH THE PROCESS.
• HIRING CARE COORDINATORS WHO BY AND LARGE ARE EITHER NURSES OR SOCIAL WORKERS AND WE ARE LOOKING FOR EDUCATIONAL

Transcript Highlights:

• Obviously, they have parent companies in some cases or investors that can infuse capital as well.
• Parents that have kids that are suffering. I know.
• Well, if we go down that rabbit hole, I'm sure we'll hear from parents and families that benefit from
• Parents that have kids that are suffering from autism, they're under a lot of stress. Oh, I know.
• Well, if we go down that rabbit hole, I'm sure we'll hear from parents and families that benefit from

Keywords: 907, all

Summary: The committee held an informational hearing focused first on Oregon Medicaid coordinated care organization (CCO) finances and rate setting. Oregon Health Authority staff explained how 2025 CCO financial results will inform 2027 capitation rates, including reserve requirements, subcapitation arrangements, and major cost drivers such as behavioral health, pharmacy, rural hospital costs, and dental directed payments. They said the Legislature’s added 2025 funding materially improved CCO margins and that, without it, the program would have been negative overall. Members asked about retained earnings, subcapitation, behavioral health utilization, ABA therapy, and whether outcomes are being evaluated; OHA said rate setting is actuarial and that CCOs, OHA, and other partners all play roles in monitoring efficacy and access. OHA also reviewed House Bill 4039 changes intended to increase transparency and give CCOs earlier access to rate information and reconciliation exhibits. CCO representatives then testified that the system is under significant financial pressure and that behavioral health state-directed payments, benefit changes, and federal uncertainty from H.R. 1 are reducing flexibility. CareOregon said it has lost more than $500 million over the last couple of years and is now making provider terminations and other network changes to align spending with available funding, while emphasizing that CCOs must make hard decisions about which services and providers can be sustained. Eastern Oregon CCO said rural and frontier factors, cost-based hospitals, air ambulance needs, and statewide efficiency adjustments are not fully reflected in rates, and that dental funding is especially strained. Trillium similarly warned that state-directed payments and benefit expansion pressures are constraining the global budget model and that H.R. 1 could worsen acuity and volatility. Members pressed the witnesses on who is responsible for evaluating treatment effectiveness, especially for ABA and psychotherapy, and on how utilization limits and reimbursement changes are being used to control costs. The committee then shifted to an overview of the Affordable Care Act and Oregon’s commercial insurance market. Department of Consumer and Business Services staff explained actuarial value, metal tiers, premium tax credits, medical loss ratio rules, and the main drivers of premium rates: cost trend, utilization trend, and administrative costs. They said mandates have likely added only a limited amount to premiums over the past decade, though the exact effect is difficult to isolate, and they gave examples of how high-cost, low-volume services versus broad, high-utilization services can affect rates differently. Staff also noted that Providence Health Plan and PacificSource Health Plans are withdrawing from the individual market, though consumers should still have at least three insurer options in every county and may have four in many counties. The division said it is in the middle of reviewing proposed 2027 rates and will continue its public rate review process, including hearings and written comment.

Transcript Highlights:

• that the decisions we have made have and will have adverse impacts on providers, on employers, on parents
• Chair, have you seen any trends related to the dissolution of the Federal Department of Education as
• We're going to do things that lose money because we have to do them for the education programs and the
• education process, and so that's part of what this body provides support to do, to be able to make those
• But we've also asked the health plans to do a lot more education with the providers, because I think

Summary: The subcommittee heard budget presentations and questions from several health and human services agencies, with members repeatedly emphasizing that agency numbers had been posted since October and that questioning should stay focused and brief. The Office of Juvenile Affairs said its $5.45 million request would support 162 employees receiving a pay adjustment, and members asked about juvenile care conditions and staffing. The Department of Human Services discussed major changes to child care subsidy funding, including a reduced subsidy request, a $11.5 million child care teacher recruitment/retention request, and planned eligibility and reimbursement changes; it also reviewed SNAP administrative cost shifts under federal law, the state’s SNAP error rate, and the risk of large future state costs if the error rate is not reduced. DHS also addressed TANF reserves, the DDS waiver wait list, the Greer Center buildout, the Advantage waiver supplemental, and meal service options for waiver members. OCCY described a largely personnel-driven budget, requests for more oversight staff, and workload pressures in juvenile competency evaluations. The Office of Disability Concerns reported a flat budget and said it relies mainly on mediation and informal resolution rather than enforcement. OSU Medical Authority said its Tulsa expansion, VA skybridge, and c-section suites remain on schedule, that psychiatric residency funding is being phased in over several years, and that it is working to reduce contract labor and evaluate service lines. J.D. McCarty Center reported its new ABA outpatient clinic is on time and on budget and is nearing full capacity. OMMA said its lab is following required standards, its FTE count is below budgeted levels because hiring depends on lab accreditation and other unknowns, and dispensary numbers continue to decline as the market matures. Oklahoma Rehabilitation Services said it needs about $1.4 million to avoid a maintenance-of-effort penalty and discussed aging campus capital needs and staffing vacancies. The Oklahoma Health Care Authority then outlined a very large budget requirement driven by utilization growth and the shift to value-based care, saying FY26 is currently stable but FY27 would likely require additional appropriations if the request is not fully funded.

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> provide non-employment based educational provide non-employment based educational opportunities.
• This bill also has implications for parental rights.
• ,</c> this bill allows counselors, parents, this bill allows counselors, parents, and<02:11:56.800><c
• When implications for parental rights.
• Senate Education<04:57:25.280><c> will</c><04:57:25.520><c> meet</c><04:57:26.080><c> 15</c> Education

Keywords: 981, all

Transcript Highlights:

• THE PROGRAM IS MEANT TO HELP FIGHT HUNGER ON THE CAMPUSES OF POST SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND
• WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE GIVE THOSE CHOICES TO THE PARENTS AND THE PEOPLE RECEIVING THE FLUORIDE.

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Speaker, with all due respect, with Texans being taxed out of their homes, parents being deprived of
• education freedom, students being trapped in failing schools, crushing local debt, regulatory agencies

Transcript Highlights:

• Nature, climate education and research facilities grants.
• We're doing education for the public now so that they know that this will happen, because losing your
• So I wanted to talk a lot about communications, education, and outreach.
• And I thought, like, that kind of simple outreach and education means the world, right?
• And so that's the type of work our outreach, education, and communication team does.

Summary: The Senate Budget Subcommittee on Resources, Environmental Protection, and Energy opened its first hearing with remarks from the chair and members emphasizing climate change, resiliency, clean energy, natural resources, and the need to make careful budget choices in a constrained fiscal environment. The Legislative Analyst’s Office presented an overview of the natural resources and environmental protection budget, warning that although current revenues are strong, the state faces significant out-year deficits and should apply a high bar to new ongoing spending, use special funds and fees carefully, and focus on critical health and safety needs. The LAO said the Governor’s Proposition 4 spending plan was generally reasonable and consistent with bond requirements, but urged legislative oversight and reporting, especially where bond funds interact with General Fund proposals. Secretary Wade Crowfoot then described the Natural Resources Agency’s recent accomplishments and priorities, including wildfire resilience, water reliability, coastal protection, outdoor access, biodiversity, tribal partnerships, and streamlining project delivery. He highlighted major investments in climate and resilience, the role of Proposition 4 in continuing those efforts, and the need to modernize water infrastructure, including Delta conveyance and other regional conveyance projects. Members asked about Delta conveyance, invasive species, permitting delays, and the impact of federal staffing cuts; Crowfoot said the administration is pushing projects forward, supports a beneficiary-pays approach for conveyance, and is filling gaps left by federal reductions where necessary. The committee then heard from the Department of Parks and Recreation. Director Armando Quintero reviewed the state park system, outdoor access programs, tribal agreements, wildfire and forest resilience work, and deferred maintenance funded by the climate bond. The LAO recommended rejecting the proposed ongoing General Fund transfer for the California State Parks Library Pass program, saying it did not meet the high bar for new spending, while several members strongly supported the program as a low-cost, high-value access tool. Members also pressed Parks on reservation system problems and no-show vacancies; staff said new rules and enforcement will take effect July 1 and that vacancies are being opened up sooner. The department also presented low-cost accommodation projects, which the LAO supported. Finally, the Department of Fish and Wildlife introduced its new director, Megan Hurdle, who outlined the department’s mission, staffing, service-based budgeting, and Proposition 4 proposals for salmon tagging, hatchery improvements, and public access lands. She emphasized the department’s role in biodiversity conservation, permitting streamlining, law enforcement, and human-wildlife conflict outreach, and said the agency is working to close a service gap identified in its budgeting analysis. No votes were taken during the hearing.

Transcript Highlights:

• Nature, climate education, and research facilities grants is another example of a very broad category
• We're doing education for the public now so that they know that this will happen, because losing your
• So I wanted to talk a lot about communications, education, and outreach.
• And I thought, like, that kind of simple outreach and education means the world, right?
• And so that's the type of work our outreach, education, and communication team does.

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> &gt;&gt; Thank you very much for the education &gt;&gt; Thank you very much for the education and
• ,</c><00:44:21.920><c> to</c> the aisle, especially in education, to the aisle, especially in education
• education,</c><01:21:30.960><c> and</c><01:21:31.280><c> CTE</c> cooperatives, special education, and
• , and educators.
• </c> their parent pays taxes. their parent pays taxes.

Committee: House Legislative Administration

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Line 1446 reflect on one-time education.
• </c> antagonists at post-secary education antagonists at post-secary education institutions<00:31:14.080
• Minnesota has been a national education?
• :01.440><c> care</c> funding also educates health care funding also educates health care providers<00
• It is a bit of an education Perhaps.

Bills: HF2435

Committee: House Health Finance and Policy

Keywords: healthcare, dementia services, public health funding, opioid prevention, women's health, community health boards, mental health, 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• You just educate me, will you? The floor is yours, Mr. Connelly. Thank you, Chair Hoffman.
• You just educate me, will temporary? You just educate me, will you?
• Parents across our community are collapsing from exhaustion. Some are quitting jobs.
• Parents are calling us crying, ringing.
• Parents across our community are family.

Committee: Senate Human Services

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I'm a former member of the Sweetwater County School District Board of Education, and I'm here speaking
• Three years ago, I experienced what no parent should ever have to.
• My son Joran parent should ever have to.
• The allegations were groundless and aimed at silencing my advocacy as a parent and a community member
• Parents, students, educators, and community members should be free to voice concerns about public school

Bills: HB0070 , HB0043 , HB0103 , HB0157 , HB0092 , SF0092

Committee: Senate Judiciary

Keywords: foreign censorship, digital innovation, constitutional rights, Wyoming GRANITE Act, extraterritorial laws, civil actions, speech protection, legal jurisdiction, joint liability, money laundering, illegal investment, financial institutions, criminal activity, Wyoming legislation, First Amendment, free speech, lawsuits, immunity, public participation, strategic lawsuits

Transcript Highlights:

• Speaker, to continue with that, to your left and to my right in the upper gallery, under education, you're
• university, which we discovered in budget, is where all the smart kids in Missouri go for their education
• It was their intent that this club would have a threefold aim of civic, educational, and cultural.”
• because a call has to be made, and an accusatory statement has to be made against either, you know, the parents
• You know, the parents of the child or the owner of the animal.

Keywords: 959, house, all

Summary: The House began with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, approval of the House Journal by roll call vote (112-2), and numerous introductions of special guests, including former Rep. Bill Kidd, students, educators, pharmacy students, labor representatives, and community groups. Members also made a few personal announcements, including a birthday recognition. The chamber then moved into floor business on bills for perfection and printing. The main debate centered on House Committee Substitute for House Bills 21, 22, and 1626, the Missouri Nuclear Clean Power Act. Supporters argued the bill would remove Missouri’s ban on construction work in progress for nuclear plants, lower long-term electricity costs, support baseload power, attract industry and data centers, and help Missouri keep pace with small modular reactor development in other states and countries. Opponents said the measure would shift construction risk and potential cost overruns to ratepayers, cited past nuclear cost overruns and safety/waste concerns, and argued Missouri voters had already rejected this approach. After extended debate and several inquiries, the House adopted the committee substitute and then perfected and printed the bill. The House also perfected and printed House Bill 1881, which would classify xylazine as a Schedule III controlled substance. Supporters said the drug is being misused in fentanyl mixtures, causing severe harm and deaths, while preserving legitimate veterinary and agricultural uses. Members from veterinary and law enforcement backgrounds backed the bill, and no opposition was voiced before passage. Finally, the House took up House Committee Substitute for House Bill 2292, a cross-reporting bill for child, elder, and companion animal abuse. The sponsor said the measure would require agencies already involved in abuse reporting to cross-report related abuse and train accordingly, while exempting agricultural animals. Members discussed amendments to criminalize knowingly starving an animal and to allow POST-certified state investigators to assist in elder abuse cases; both amendments were adopted. Debate also focused on concerns about training sources and whether animal-rights groups could misuse the bill, but the sponsor said the measure would not expand access to farms or animal control authority. The committee substitute was advanced after discussion.

Transcript Highlights:

• In addition to funding foundational health services, the uses in the account could be used for education
• of Revenue estimates the bill will increase cash receipts to the state general fund and workforce education
• teen accounts, default privacy settings, restricted messaging, automatic age-based protections, and parental
• services such as actuarial, legal, and procurement services that are centralized within our nonprofit parent
• portion of these new revenue to be used to help communities, help tobacco users quit, and to provide education

Bills: HB2038 , HB2297 , HB2382 , HB2487 , HB2018

Committee: House Finance

Keywords: HB2038, Washington, B&O tax, business and occupation tax, social media tax, platform tax, youth behavioral health, mental health, adolescent mental health, children's mental health, telebehavioral health, behavioral health account, state treasury, digital services tax, internet platform, social media companies, youth services, depression, anxiety, public health funding

Transcript Highlights:

• In addition to funding foundational health services, the uses in the account could be used for education
• of Revenue estimates the bill will increase cash receipts to the state general fund and workforce education
• teen accounts, default privacy settings, restricted messaging, automatic age-based protections, and parental
• services such as actuarial, legal, and procurement services that are centralized within our nonprofit parent
• a portion of this new revenue be used to help communities, help tobacco users quit, and provide education

Summary: The committee heard briefings, sponsor presentations, and public testimony on several finance bills. HB 2038 would impose an additional B&O tax on businesses operating social media platforms beginning in 2027 and create a youth behavioral health account funded by the tax. The sponsor argued the bill would help address youth mental health harms linked to social media and support implementation of the Washington Thriving plan. Supporters in testimony, including youth advocates and some public health voices, said social media contributes to youth anxiety and addiction and that the revenue should be used for behavioral health services. Opponents, including technology and business groups, argued the tax unfairly singles out one sector, could be passed on to consumers, and may violate federal internet tax law. The hearing on HB 2038 was suspended and later reopened for public testimony; no vote was taken. HB 2297 would create tax incentives for grocery stores in underserved communities, including local B&O preferences, a sales tax exemption for security services, a 30-year property tax exemption program, a B&O tax credit, and a B&O exemption for certain locally owned or employee-owned stores. The sponsor and supporters said the bill is intended to preserve and attract grocery stores in food deserts, especially after recent store closures, and to help communities with limited transportation and access to healthy food. County representatives supported the goal but raised concern about the bill’s sales tax exemption and its effect on local revenues. Public testimony was largely supportive, with advocates, local officials, grocers, and residents describing grocery stores as essential community infrastructure. No action was taken. HB 2382 would raise cigarette taxes by $2 per pack, restructure vapor and other tobacco product taxes, and dedicate portions of the revenue to a time-sensitive emergency system, tobacco enforcement, and the foundational public health services account. The sponsor said the bill would generate needed revenue, support cancer research funding, and strengthen public health and enforcement. Supporters said higher tobacco taxes reduce use and help cover long-term health costs, while some public health witnesses supported the revenue but suggested directing more funds to existing tobacco prevention accounts. Opponents from retail and industry groups argued the proposal is regressive, could increase illicit sales and cross-border purchasing, and would hurt small businesses and low-income consumers. The committee also heard HB 2487, a Department of Revenue request bill that would narrow the B&O exemption for insurers to clarify that it applies only to premium income subject to insurance premium tax, and apply the change retroactively to 2019. The sponsor and supporters said the bill closes a loophole created by a recent Supreme Court ruling and preserves tax equity, while insurers and business groups objected to the retroactive application, warning of higher premiums and unfair taxation. Finally, HB 2018 would increase the solid waste tax by 0.5% per year for five years and direct the new revenue to a local government solid waste assistance account for county and city waste management plans. County officials supported the bill as a way to stabilize funding for solid waste systems, and testimony emphasized rising disposal and infrastructure costs. No votes were taken on any of the bills during the hearing.