Transcript Highlights:

• Sarah Brennan, on behalf of Supply Chain Federation, in respectful opposition.
• But I'll also just say, you know, how this impacts the supply chain.
• making sure that we get it right in terms of how we balance safety with the impacts it has on our supply
• chain, which is already impacted because of tariffs.

Summary: The committee first heard SB 220, which would require Los Angeles Metro to submit an expedited governance reform report to the Legislature in light of Measure G and the upcoming creation of a countywide elected executive. Senator Allen said the bill was intended to prompt a locally driven discussion about how Metro’s board should reflect the new county structure, not to prescribe a specific governance plan. Metro and the City of Los Angeles opposed the bill, arguing that local task forces and an ad hoc Metro committee were already studying the issue and that the bill was premature and unnecessary. Several committee members echoed local-control concerns, while others supported keeping the bill alive as a vehicle for further discussion. The bill was moved on a do-pass motion to Appropriations and ultimately recorded at 7-2, with the measure held on call for absent members. The committee then heard SB 667, the California Railway Safety Act, which would require freight railroads to install wayside detector systems at specified intervals, with different treatment for short-line railroads, and would require railroad response plans to be submitted to the CPUC. The author and labor supporters argued the bill would help prevent derailments like the East Palestine disaster by detecting overheated bearings earlier and improving crew notification and inspection protocols. Railroads and business groups opposed the bill, saying the spacing mandate and related requirements would be costly, could slow freight and passenger operations in shared corridors, and might discourage investment in short-line infrastructure. After extensive discussion about safety, preemption, costs, and passenger rail impacts, the committee passed the bill to Appropriations on a 7-2 vote, with the measure also held on call. Finally, the committee took up ACR 71, which designates a portion of State Route 101 in Santa Clara County as the Little Saigon Freeway. The author and numerous supporters described the designation as a recognition of San Jose’s Vietnamese American community, its refugee history, and the cultural and commercial importance of Little Saigon. There was no opposition testimony. Members spoke in support, including comments about the connection between the San Jose and Orange County Vietnamese communities. The resolution was adopted and sent to Appropriations on a unanimous roll call among those present, with 10 votes recorded before the chair returned.

Transcript Highlights:

• aggressively pursuing our infrastructure grants for a variety of different purposes, including mid-supply
• chain improvements.
• So in summary, supply chains are really integrated across geopolitical landscapes.
• And the reason I bring that up is what's challenging right now is for firms to manage supply chains when

Committee: House Agriculture & Natural Resources

Summary: The House Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee held an interim work session focused on Washington agriculture’s viability, competitiveness, and the effects of federal policy and trade. Department of Agriculture Director Derek Sanderson outlined the agency’s role in inspections, food assistance, pesticide and fertilizer oversight, disease control, and marketing, and described Washington agriculture as a diverse, export-oriented sector facing declining farm numbers, high labor and input costs, low commodity prices, trade barriers, drought, regulatory burdens, and pest and disease pressures. WSU CAHNRS Dean Raj Kosla emphasized the land-grant mission, extension network, education programs, and research capacity, highlighting precision agriculture, broadband needs in rural areas, and the importance of research and outreach to support growers and rural communities. Members asked about farm loss, workforce challenges, precision agriculture, and the cost of technology. Kosla said precision agriculture can help address labor shortages but is often cost-prohibitive and dependent on rural broadband; he described it as applying the right input, in the right amount, place, time, and manner. He also noted that WSU’s research and extension system supports crop development, soil health, forestry, youth programs, and agricultural training, and that the college is eager to partner with the legislature on priorities. Sanderson said the department is working on local food systems, farm-to-school grants, infrastructure, market development, pest and disease response, climate resilience, and access to land for new and underrepresented farmers. The committee then heard from WSU economist Randy Fortenberry on an agricultural competitiveness study and trade impacts. He said the study used producer surveys, case studies, and shift-share analysis for dairy, grapes, hops, potatoes, apples/tree fruit, wheat, and small/diversified farms, comparing Washington to national trends and peer states. His findings indicated that Washington’s competitiveness is declining in most sectors, with potatoes as the main exception; labor and regulatory compliance costs were especially significant in dairy, grapes, potatoes, and tree fruit, while small farms were more constrained by land access, capital, and profitability. On trade, he said Washington is highly export-dependent and vulnerable to retaliation, citing past losses in wheat, apples, pulses, and cherries when tariffs disrupted access to China and India, while noting current uncertainty around Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, and India. No votes were taken. The committee discussed next steps, including a December interim report on food security and agricultural viability and a final report expected by June 2026. Sanderson said the department had already held a stakeholder workshop and is continuing internal and external review, while the chair asked WSU to connect the committee with policy experts who could help identify practical solutions.

Transcript Highlights:

• aggressively pursuing our infrastructure grants for a variety of different purposes, including mid-supply
• chain improvements.
• So in summary, supply chains are really integrated across geopolitical landscapes.
• And the reason I bring that up is what's challenging right now is for firms to manage supply chains when

Summary: The House Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee held an interim work session focused on Washington agriculture’s viability, workforce, and competitiveness. Director Derek Sanderson of the Washington State Department of Agriculture and WSU Dean Raj Kosla described the size and diversity of the state’s farm sector, declining farm numbers, major export markets, and pressures from labor costs, low commodity prices, trade barriers, drought, regulatory burdens, and pests and disease. Kosla emphasized WSU’s land-grant role in education, research, and extension, including precision agriculture, broadband needs in rural areas, and the need for state support to help producers adopt new technologies and train the next generation of agricultural workers. Members asked about retaining farmland, increasing workforce capacity, and the role of precision agriculture. Kosla said precision agriculture can help address labor shortages and water scarcity, but adoption is limited by cost and rural broadband gaps. He explained precision agriculture as tailoring inputs to the right place, time, amount, and manner, and said WSU is working on low-cost sensor technologies and other innovations. Members also asked about how widely precision agriculture is used and whether it improves farm bottom lines; Kosla said adoption varies by tool and that he would follow up with more data. The committee then heard from Dr. Randy Fortenberry of WSU’s Impact Center on an agricultural competitiveness study and the effects of tariffs and trade. He reported that Washington’s competitiveness has generally declined relative to peer states in dairy, grapes, hops, apples, and wheat, with potatoes as the main bright spot. Surveyed producers said a substantial share of revenue is tied to regulatory compliance, with labor-related costs a major driver, and small diversified farms reported land access, capital, and profitability as bigger barriers than regulation. On trade, Fortenberry said Washington agriculture is highly export-dependent and vulnerable to retaliation, citing past losses in wheat, apples, pulses, and cherries when tariffs disrupted markets, while noting current uncertainty around China and India. The committee asked follow-up questions about compliance time, peer-state comparisons, and regulatory burdens; no votes were taken, and the department said it plans an interim report by the end of the year and a final report by June 2026.

Transcript Highlights:

• The program, HB2048, helps Texas manufacturers lower costs and reduce reliance on foreign supply, creates
• In addition, the use of more Bicycle content can help to reduce costs in the supply chain for making
• beverage can recycling, and we'll have way more demand for aluminum cans to be recycled than the supply
• helping the state design smart policy that improves the recycling system and delivers a consistent supply
• At a time when manufacturers are facing supply constraints and seeking domestic feedstock, these materials

Bills: HB1730 , HB1823 , HB2048 , HB2266 , HB2440 , HB3333 , HB4086 , HB4271 , HB4413 , HB4839 , HB4841 , HB5151

Committee: House Environmental Regulation

Keywords: PFAS, perfluoroalkyl substances, polyfluoroalkyl substances, forever chemicals, public health study, environmental regulation, drinking water, groundwater, surface water, food packaging, chemical exposure, firefighters, chemical manufacturing workers, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, TCEQ, Railroad Commission of Texas, Department of State Health Services, University of Houston, occupational exposure, contaminants

Transcript Highlights:

• If you're worried about the big national dental chains... ...dental chains or insurers, none of them
• who want to be responsible and sell products that are responsibly sourced, and we think that the supply
• chain transparency measures in the bill are going to do that.
• ... ...as the process went on and more was added in terms of supply chain transparency for the distributors
• It will lead. which is in constant need of supply to tackle high-rising prices it will lead to fewer

Bills: HB2072 , HB2251 , HB2279 , HB2308 , HB2323 , HB2342 , HB2400 , HB2408 , HB2456 , HB2660 , HB2697 , HB2868 , HB2873 , HB2877 , HB2910 , HB2946 , HB2955 , HB2991 , HB4001 , HB4010

Committee: Senate Regulatory Affairs and Government Efficiency

Keywords: Cesar Chavez, public holiday, state law, holiday repeal, Arizona Revised Statutes, dental practice, business registration, registration fees, ownership interests, dental insurers, dental record management, motor vehicle warranty, warranty law, leased vehicles, lease-end buyout, lessee, lessor, used motor vehicle dealer, consumer protection, A.R.S. 44-1261

Transcript Highlights:

• We keep hearing prices went up because of supply chain issues, the pandemic, tariffs, but the Economic
• As grocery chains consolidate, they've used their market dominance to raise prices beyond inflation.
• And there are plenty of online food supply stores. I can't think of them all.
• Ten years later, California enacted the Corporate Transparency and Supply Chains Act to further the state's
• Private corporations have to disclose parts of their supply chains as it relates to human trafficking

Committee: House Judiciary

Transcript Highlights:

• You look at the supply chain resilience is now just a strategic requirement.
• The federal government now has an office of strategic planning to look at the infrastructure and supply
• chain and how it functions.

Summary: The Louisiana Ports and Waterways Investment Commission met on May 14, 2026, with a quorum present to reopen the commission’s work after a long gap. Members approved the July minutes and heard an update that a bill was moving in the Legislature to transfer the commission’s administrative home to the Office of Multimodal Commerce, with the strategic plan expected to be restarted and a consultant likely considered at a future meeting. The chair and vice chair emphasized that the commission now has stronger staffing and a clearer home for its work. The commission then repealed its July resolution that had requested a new ports and waterways infrastructure fund and identified priority projects. Members said the earlier resolution was well-intentioned but premature because the projects had not been fully vetted, LED had not been sufficiently involved, and there was no clear funding structure. They said the projects would still be considered in the broader strategic planning process, but in a more thorough and coordinated form. A major portion of the meeting focused on the collaborative marketing strategy for the five Lower Mississippi River ports, presented by Joe Toomey and Ken Erickson of Polaris, with LED’s Paige Carter confirming LED will serve as the administrative home for the plan. The presenters described a data-driven regional effort built around unity, not uniformity, to promote the ports’ combined strengths, increase trade, attract foreign direct investment, support economic growth, and strengthen funding requests. Members praised the effort as a pilot for statewide coordination, noted that the plan will live at LED, and said it should help the state present a more unified message to investors and policymakers. The commission also received an update from the navigation and safety task force. Members observed a moment of silence for the late Captain Toby Waddingney, and Steve Wall, the new NOBER president, said he would continue the work using Waddingney’s notes. Commissioners reported that several recommendations from the task force are already being implemented, including bridge air-gap sensors, GIS tools, and dredging project coordination. The meeting ended with no public comment, plans for another meeting in the next quarter, and adjournment by motion.

Transcript Highlights:

• Like, if I'm not mistaken, there's an issue with supply chain and so, and actually whether or not they're
• Like, if I'm not mistaken, there's an issue with supply chain and so, and actually whether or not they're

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures and State Assets

Summary: The Joint Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures and State Assets held a public hearing on H. 5279, a transportation bond bill financing long-term improvements to municipal roads and bridges. MassDOT and A&F testified in support, describing the bill as a major transportation investment package centered on a $300 million annual Chapter 90 local aid program, with $200 million distributed by the traditional formula and $100 million by lane miles to better support rural communities. They also outlined funding for MBTA rail reliability and modernization, transportation projects that support housing production, a new DCR parkway resilience and safety program, and reauthorizations of existing highway and municipal grant programs such as the Municipal Pavement Program and Shared Streets and Spaces. Witnesses said the bill would help address aging infrastructure, improve safety and resilience, support housing development, and leverage Fair Share surtax revenue through the Commonwealth Transportation Fund. They explained that some authorizations are structured to allow the state to issue special obligation bonds, and clarified that the bill authorizes the full spending amount for federally aided projects even though the state only borrows the 20 percent match, with the federal government reimbursing the rest. Committee members asked about bridge repair needs, the size of the backlog, how housing-related transportation funds would be allocated, MBTA vehicle procurement, and whether rural communities would have fair access to the new funding streams. Several members praised the administration’s financing approach but urged future Chapter 90 increases to keep pace with inflation and requested more attention to rural municipal capacity and bridge safety needs. The Massachusetts Municipal Association also testified in strong support, emphasizing that Chapter 90 is the most important tool for cities and towns to maintain local roads and bridges and urging prompt passage before construction season. No votes were taken; after testimony concluded, the committee adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• And we have been able to move the chain, so to speak, forward.
• All of you can continue in moving the chains forward by supporting this bill.
• study to determine the specialized placements for treatment facilities, whether there is sufficient supply
• care settings for high acuity children which perceive the extent to which, if any, the perceived supply

Transcript Highlights:

• PARTICULAR INITIATIVE LOOKS AT THE TARGETED INDUSTRIES OF MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY
• CHAIN AND A CRITICAL HIGH DEMAND HEALTHCARE NEEDS AND ENSURES THEIR TALENT PIPELINES AND THE LOCAL AREAS
• INSTRUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAM, THEY SUPPORT A LOT OF PARTICIPANTS TRUE SUPPLIES
• Weller: TO GIVE YOU A LOCAL EXAMPLE THERE WAS A GROCERY STORE CHAIN IN JEFFERSON COUNTY OVER THE LAST

Transcript Highlights:

• sponsor on over the summer: an accessibility database of certified fabrication shops to help the supply
• chain control process, and supplemental resources to ensure that DIR has adequate and appropriate resources
• This summer, an accessibility database of certified fabrication shops to help the supply chain control

Summary: The Assembly Labor and Employment Committee heard and advanced several bills focused on worker protections, training access, wage enforcement, outreach, and workplace safety. SB 513 would require employees to have access to their training and certification records; supporters, including laid-off refinery workers and labor organizations, said employers sometimes withhold records during layoffs, while committee members called the practice unacceptable. The bill passed 5-0 and was re-referred to Appropriations. SB 809 addressed misclassification of construction truck owner-drivers by offering employers amnesty if they reclassify workers as employees and adopt a two-check payment system; labor and construction trades groups supported it, and it passed 5-0 to Judiciary. SB 578 would codify the California Workplace Outreach Program, which funds trusted community organizations to educate workers about their rights. Supporters described the program as a proven way to reach low-wage, immigrant, and hard-to-reach workers, especially amid wage theft, retaliation, and immigration enforcement concerns. The bill passed 5-0 to Appropriations. SB 261 would strengthen collection of wage theft judgments by creating a public list of nonpaying employers and adding penalties after six months of nonpayment; county enforcement officials and labor advocates said it would help workers recover unpaid wages. It passed 6-0 to Judiciary. The committee also approved SB 369, which would require skilled and trained workforce standards for Salton Sea restoration projects, with supporters saying the work is hazardous and should use trained labor; it passed 6-0 to Appropriations. Finally, SB 20 sought to address silicosis in stone countertop fabrication by requiring training and certification protections for workers; supporters said the disease has caused deaths among mostly Latino workers, while industry groups supported the bill with amendments and requested implementation resources. It passed 6-0 to Appropriations. The committee also adopted a consent calendar of four additional bills and adjourned after all listed measures were moved forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Half of which goes to testing workers in the supply chain as we work through to eventually getting those
• conferences use is that owning a manufactured home park is like owning a Waffle House where the cutoff are chained
• And the simple answer to that is we don't have enough supply.

Transcript Highlights:

• This project means thousands of good-paying jobs in a stronger domestic supply chain.
• </c><02:47:34.240><c> chains,</c><02:47:34.960><c> and</c> home, rebuilding supply chains, and home,
• ><c> over</c> supply chains, entrusting science over supply chains, entrusting science over ideology<
• We're securing supply chains production.
• </c> supply chains, threats to grid supply chains, threats to grid reliability,<03:10:53.439><c> and<

Bills: HCR64 , HCR61 , HB3632 , HB4371 , HR951

Keywords: military intervention, Venezuela, Congress, War Powers Resolution, hostilities, military action, foreign policy, terrorism, congressional authority, power plant, electricity generation, retirement notice, Federal Power Act, interstate transmission, trafficking, children, unaccompanied minors, placement regulations, immigration law, safety

Transcript Highlights:

• We've also found that there's already a supply chain of oil rigs that can be used, which is fantastic
• chain.
• That much water could supply six households with water. That's a lot of water.
• water supply comes from groundwater.
• Timmons described, as surface water supplies decline due to climate change, groundwater supplies will

Committee: House Economic & Rural Development & Policy Committee

Transcript Highlights:

• for these calculations are actual measured data values from all steps in the product or production chain
• And that's the integrated disposal management chain in order to manage risk, a firm focus on safety,
• They require new reporting systems, supply chain adjustments, financial planning, and internal restructuring
• practice, they can require changes to national packaging, create conflicts with federal law, disrupt supply
• chains, and even confuse consumers at the end of the day.

Committee: House Environment & Energy

Transcript Highlights:

• allow the verifiers to determine between two Alex Ramels, but doesn't the birth date that's already supplied
• allow the verifiers to determine between two Alex Rammels, but doesn't the birth date that's already supplied
• kinds of places with volunteers and paid signature gatherers, what I can categorically say is the chain
• There's no chain of custody there.
• There is no direct chain of control for this that you could track accurately.

Summary: The committee heard House Bill 2260, House Joint Resolution 4209, and House Bill 2259, with testimony and questions on each. HB 2260 would require petition signature gatherers to sign and date each petition sheet, provide their address and county, and require voters’ residence addresses for signature verification; supporters said this would improve accountability and help prevent fraud or duplicate signatures, while opponents argued it would burden volunteers, risk disenfranchising voters who move or use incomplete addresses, and add unnecessary penalties. The Secretary of State and former Secretary of State opposed the bill, saying existing verification methods are effective and that the measure could create costly, unintended barriers. HB 2259 would require 1,000 registered-voter signatures before filing an initiative or referendum and prohibit pay-per-signature compensation, with civil penalties and a private right of action; supporters said it would reduce frivolous filings, title shopping, and fraud incentives, while opponents said it would chill initiative activity, especially for rural communities and referenda with tight timelines. The Secretary of State and former Secretary of State also opposed HB 2259, saying the initiative process should remain accessible and that the bill would add barriers and workload. House Joint Resolution 4209 would amend the state constitution to allow the legislature to modify congressional districts mid-decade by simple majority if another state adopts a new congressional map absent a court order. The prime sponsor argued Washington should not unilaterally stay passive if other states engage in partisan mid-decade redistricting, while opponents said the proposal would weaken Washington’s bipartisan redistricting system, set a bad precedent, and invite retaliation. Testimony on the resolution was sharply divided, with supporters warning that partisan redistricting elsewhere threatens fair representation and opponents saying Washington should preserve its existing commission-based process rather than respond in kind. The hearing on HJR 4209 was concluded after testimony. No votes or final committee actions were taken in the excerpt. The chair suspended and reopened hearings as planned, and testimony was taken on all three measures, with HB 2260 and HB 2259 drawing extensive public comment and questions about fraud, access, and administrative burden.

Transcript Highlights:

• The FDA has requested us, and USDA has requested us, to do some work around testing of milk supply to
• The FDA has requested us, and USDA has requested us, to do some work around testing of milk supply to
• And when you say they're managing the supply chain, that's a quality assurance role rather than physically
• handling the supply chain.
• /c><03:07:13.920><c> the</c> supply chain is managed by the supply chain is managed by the Department

Summary: The Finance Division III work session focused on the Department of Health and Human Services’ Division of Public Health Services budget. Department staff said Public Health has a relatively small budget compared with other DHHS divisions, is supported mostly by federal and other non-General funds, and contains nearly 100 accounting units and more than 50 federal grants. They emphasized that the governor’s budget did not include significant cuts, but that federal funding uncertainty and the winding down of pandemic-era resources were major factors affecting the division. The division also explained that some apparent budget growth reflects reorganizations, including moving the Bureau of Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery and some programs from other DHHS divisions into Public Health. The presentation described Public Health’s mission as serving the entire state through food and water safety, disease surveillance, emergency response, maternal and child health, chronic disease prevention, WIC, community health center support, and public health data collection. Members asked about bird flu, and staff explained that human-health response would involve Public Health’s lab, infectious disease, and emergency preparedness units, while animal-health issues are handled with the Department of Agriculture; they also noted ongoing milk testing requested by FDA and USDA. The division said its organizational structure includes bureaus for Family Health and Nutrition, Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Protection, Emergency Preparedness, Prevention and Wellness, Statistics and Informatics, and Public Health Laboratories, with about a 15% vacancy rate. Committee members questioned whether the division’s budget and staffing had really grown since pre-COVID, and staff responded that full-time authorized staffing is about the same as in 2018, with the increase largely due to federal pandemic funding that has since receded and to program transfers between divisions. They said Public Health’s General Fund share is about $24 million out of roughly $1.1 billion in DHHS General Fund spending, or about 2.2% of the department total. Members also asked about the 3,000-position cap and unfunded positions; staff explained that the cap remains in chapter law through June 30, 2025, that 394 positions were unfunded in the governor’s budget, and that the division expects flexibility to move money from personnel lines and fill unfunded positions to manage changing needs. No votes or formal actions were taken in this portion of the work session.

Transcript Highlights:

• Uh, food shelves and hunger relief organizations face increasing demand, limited supply of protein-rich
• At the same time, sourcing food is becoming more difficult due to supply chain disruptions, climate pressures
• That's why the reliable, steady supply of donations from retail partners is so essential.
• ><c> from</c><00:04:07.760><c> retail</c><00:04:08.239><c> partners</c> supply of donations from retail
• limited supply, there have been times where<00:05:06.080><c> we've</c><00:05:06.320><c> gone</c><00:

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, curious about your supply chain for the construction of those homes, and if it will continue to fit
• ><c> chain</c><00:35:18.600><c> for</c><00:35:18.720><c> the</c> about your supply chain for the about
• your supply chain for the construction<00:35:19.680><c> of</c><00:35:19.840><c> those</c><00:35:20.200
• ,</c><00:36:29.240><c> I</c><00:36:29.440><c> I</c> supply chain question you asked, I I supply chain
• </c> It's mostly financial, not the supply. It's mostly financial, not the supply.

Transcript Highlights:

• Hyundai's factory supplies the seats in our vehicles.
• In fact, our goal is to have our entire supply chain based near our main factory.
• have easily have moved to Coolidge or Eloy or anywhere else in fact our goal is to have our entire supply
• chain based near our main factory and so would this change have lured them to create good high-paying
• chain manufacturers.

Committee: Senate Senate Finance Committee of Reference

Summary: The Senate Finance Committee approved the March 16, 2026 minutes and then heard testimony on several bills, with the chair noting that votes would be taken in batches because members were coming and going. HB 2939 would increase the rural qualified facilities tax credit from $20,000 to $25,000 per job for certain projects with initial investment under $2 billion; Lucid Motors supported it as a rural economic development tool, while Senator Epstein questioned the fiscal note and whether the higher credit would actually attract new investment. HB 2950 would authorize tourism improvement areas funded by voluntary lodging assessments to support marketing and tourism promotion; the Arizona Lodging and Tourism Association and Visit Phoenix backed it as a competitive tool for rural and urban destinations, and committee members focused on whether participation was truly voluntary and how the assessments would be administered. HB 2780 made technical conforming changes to Arizona’s property tax lien foreclosure and excess proceeds sale process, building on a prior law that created a mechanism for delinquent property owners to recover equity; the sponsor and a longtime constituent said the changes would fix timing and credit-bid language so qualified entity sales could work in practice. HB 2502 would let certain elected officials in ASRS retire at normal retirement age without resigning their office, with the employer paying the alternate contribution rate; ASRS said it was neutral, and the sponsor argued the bill would treat elected officials more like other ASRS members. The committee then adopted do-pass recommendations for HB 2502, HB 2780, HB 2950, and HB 2939, with each passing on split votes. The committee also adopted a striker to HB 2140, allowing the State Treasurer to invest up to 10% of state trust and treasury monies in physical gold or silver bullion held in secure U.S. depositories. The sponsor and the Sound Money Defense League argued it would diversify reserves and hedge against market disruption, while opponents said gold is volatile, costly to store, and not something taxpayers need the state to buy. HB 2140 then passed as amended on a 4-2 vote. Finally, the committee heard HB 2398, as amended, which requires commercial liability insurance for watercraft rentals and peer-to-peer boat sharing programs, with supporters saying it addresses uninsured rental boats and law enforcement concerns; the bill passed as amended on a 6-1 vote. The committee also heard HB 2999, a major housing-finance bill creating state affordability infrastructure districts to finance public infrastructure through bonds and assessments; proponents said it would lower housing costs by spreading infrastructure costs over time, while contractors and some senators raised concerns about payment risk, impact-fee treatment, and whether savings would reach homebuyers. After adopting a striker and hearing extensive questions, HB 2999 passed as amended on a 6-1 vote.