Transcript Highlights:

• You can go buy a firearm at your local shop, and all normal laws would apply.
• And all normal laws would<00:12:28.880> would<00:12:29.040> apply.
• You can cross state would would apply.
• It should apply to anybody who citizens.
• They telling me that the trespassing laws wouldn't apply if I asked them to leave. >> No, sir.

Keywords: 1191, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• for the Department when I was applying for the Department when I was applying for the Department there
• the facts that from those cases apply the facts that from those cases apply the facts that from those
• a completely which again is it applies a completely which again is it applies a completely different
• and what they don't how it applies and what they don't how it applies and what additional burdens is
• to the law and then of facts apply to the law and then of facts apply to the law and then prosecute

Bills: HCR 21, HCR 22, HCR 23, HCR 24, HCR 25, HCR 26, HCR 27, HCR 31, HCR 41, HCR 42, HCR 43, HCR 44, HCR 45, HCR 52, HCR 53, HCR 66, HCR 67, HCR 73, HR 8, HR 10, HR 13, HR 20, HR 21, HR 50, HR 59, HR 61, HR 71, HR 74, HR 79, HR 84, HR 86, HR 90, HR 91, HR 102, HR 103, HR 107, HR 113, HR 125, HR 126, HR 132, HR 142, HR 145, HR 149, HR 150, HR 152, HR 167, HR 179, HR 181, HR 183, HR 186, HR 192, HR 196, HR 199, HR 207, HR 211, HR 212, HR 213, HR 216, HR 249, HR 256, HR 259, HR 261, HR 263, HR 272, HR 281, HR 285, HR 294, HR 295, HR 300, HR 305, HR 311, HR 313, HR 315, HR 316, HR 323, HR 331, HR 339, HR 340, HR 346, HR 349, HR 352, HR 357, HR 358, HR 360, HR 363, HR 374, HR 377, HCR 20, HCR 28, HCR 30, HCR 32, HCR 49, HR 14, HR 15, HR 19, HR 23, HR 24, HR 25, HR 26, HR 27, HR 29, HR 47, HR 48, HR 55, HR 56, HR 66, HR 85, HR 92, HR 93, HR 95, HR 96, HR 140, HR 155, HR 164, HR 204, HR 241, HR 242, HR 250, HR 253, HR 260, HR 262, HR 265, HR 279, HR 310, HR 312, HR 328, HR 332, HR 359, HR 362, HR 367

Keywords: recognition, award, petroleum industry, leadership, community service, HCR 22, House Concurrent Resolution, Texas Legislature, commendation, honorary resolution, Dr. James Olson, James Olson, University of Texas Permian Basin, UT Permian Basin, psychology professor, 50 years of service, faculty recognition, academic award, Piper Professor Award, Regents' Outstanding Teaching Award

Transcript Highlights:

• But I don't mean to apply, Mr. Chairman.
• explain to me how that that case applies explain to me how that that case applies to<00:36:40.400
• We could apply a different business.
• would apply to a pending litigation.
• which this would apply which this would apply >> today?

Bills: HB0070, HB0043, HB0103, HB0157, HB0092, SF0092

Keywords: foreign censorship, digital innovation, constitutional rights, Wyoming GRANITE Act, extraterritorial laws, civil actions, speech protection, legal jurisdiction, joint liability, money laundering, illegal investment, financial institutions, criminal activity, Wyoming legislation, First Amendment, free speech, lawsuits, immunity, public participation, strategic lawsuits

Transcript Highlights:

• >> Um, it's hard to tell because when you apply sometimes you need some degree of commitment.
• sometimes you need some degree of apply sometimes you need some degree of commitment.<00:16:03.040><
• for things where we but we only apply for things where we know<00:16:17.040> we<00:16:17.279>
• Um, and on the docket was how to apply a more equitable TAT in Tokyo. that. that.
• <00:42:36.319> a and on the docket was uh how to apply a and on the docket was uh how to apply

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The committee heard testimony on a series of economic development, tourism, and tax measures. SB 2411 drew broad support from the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, the University of Hawaiʻi, the Chamber of Commerce, and Retail Merchants, with one technical amendment suggested to change a partnership term from six to seven years. Members asked about implementation and annual costs, and the department said it would follow up with cost information. HB 2583 HD1, relating to economic development and a loan loss program, also received support, but DBED noted the state already has the CBED loan program and suggested the proposal could be placed under that existing framework rather than creating a new program. HB 1612, based on business revitalization task force recommendations, was supported by DBED and several business and advocacy groups, including the Small Business Regulatory Review Board and Grassroot Institute. Testimony emphasized improving Hawaii’s business climate and using a ranking/reporting tool to measure progress, while one senator questioned whether the bill would simply fund another study instead of direct improvements. HB 1613, relating to HTDC, was supported by HTDC, the Chamber of Commerce, and startup and industry representatives who said a permanent marketing/branding specialist would help attract tech talent, founders, and investors; a member asked why the position was not in the budget, and HTDC said federal NIST funding uncertainty affected the request. HB 1614, also on economic development, was supported by HTDC and business groups, and members discussed whether the state was missing federal funds due to lack of matching dollars; HTDC said it was difficult to know, but matching funds could help leverage more federal grants. The committee then took up HB 2590 on taxation for creative industries. The Motion Picture Association and Hawaii Film Alliance strongly supported the bill, saying it would correct GET treatment for payroll service companies, restore motion picture and TV production as manufacturing, and repeal a 2022 provision affecting qualified expenses; the Department of Taxation said it would provide revenue-impact information later. Finally, HB 1950 HD1 on the transient accommodations tax drew strong support from DBED, HTA, the Hawaii Visitors and Convention Bureau, hotel and resort groups, and others, who argued for a dedicated tourism marketing fund and said the state needs more stable, long-term marketing investment. The Tax Foundation opposed the special fund approach, arguing it would reduce legislative flexibility. Members pressed witnesses on the appropriate percentage for the fund, with HTA suggesting 10% to 12% of TAT collections, and the discussion focused on how marketing spending relates to visitor spending, tax revenue, and long-term tourism competitiveness.

Transcript Highlights:

• A question I had maybe for the bill author or DVS, when somebody is going to apply for a license, is
• this already being done for people that are applying for a picture ID or a license?
• So, if you're here because you're a refugee lawfully, this doesn't apply to you.
• <00:34:37.679> This<00:34:37.919> applies this doesn't apply to you.
• This applies this doesn't apply to you.

Keywords: 1183, house

Summary: The committee took up House File 1335, a bill to authorize Minnesota digital/mobile driver’s licenses and related electronic credentialing. Chair Tapkey moved the bill as amended to Ways and Means, and the committee adopted the A2 author’s amendment changing the effective date. Tapkey described the bill as a modernization measure modeled on other states, intended to add convenience and security for ID checks at bars, restaurants, airports, hotels, and car rentals, while keeping physical IDs in place. Chair Kosnick objected that the bill’s subject matter should be heard in other committees, especially Commerce, Public Safety, and Judiciary, citing privacy and law-enforcement concerns, but the hearing continued. Several testifiers supported the broader move toward digital credentials and e-titling. Brian McDaniel of the Minnesota Licensed Beverage Association said the hospitality industry supports tools that make it harder for minors to access alcohol, while noting privacy concerns and wanting a role in developing the system. Amanda Doerr of the Minnesota Automobile Dealers Association supported the A3 amendment as an incremental step toward electronic titles and electronic signatures, saying Minnesota is behind other states and that the transition should be gradual. Jim Hurst of the Minnesota Deputy Registrars Association said deputies support moving toward e-titling but raised concerns about liability for fraudulent electronic documents and strongly opposed the A4 revenue-sharing amendment, warning it could put deputy registrars out of business. Sam Krieger, representing private deputy registrars, said the A4 amendment could exclude private deputies and close about half the offices in the state. Chair Tapkey said the A3 and A4 amendments were intended to improve customer service, digital access, and future title transfers, but after hearing objections, both amendments were withdrawn. The committee then considered the A5 amendment offered by Rep. Anderson, which would bar electronic driver’s licenses for people not lawfully present in the United States. Anderson argued it would prevent issuing credentials to people in the country illegally, including suspected terrorists. Opponents, including Rep. Kegel and Rep. Lucero Nicolai, argued it would create unequal treatment and could wrongly affect refugees or asylum seekers. DVS Director Pong Xiong testified that current applications do not include NCIC checks and that standard credentials are validated through document review rather than broader database screening. The transcript ends amid continued debate over the A5 amendment and related privacy and eligibility questions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Without objection, the clincher is applied.
• Without objection, the clincher is applied. Gentleman from McCracken, Mr.
• It is just applying it across the board.
• It is just applying it across the board.
• <00:32:35.120> the sure that we are not just applying the sure that we are not just applying

Keywords: Convene 00:00 Calendar/2nd Readings 04:07 Orders of the Day 05:07 HB 144 05:15 HB 3 08:27 HB 290 12:34 HB 84 14:53 Motions, Petitions, and Communications 40:12 Introduction of New Bills and Resolutions 45:19 Recess for ConC/Rules Meeting 46:20 ConC/Rules Report 48:12 Floor Amendments 49:42 Adjournment 50:05, 958, all

Summary: The House convened with 93 members present, approved the previous day’s journal, and reported several bills on second reading, including measures on elections, retired police officers, the Kentucky Communications Network Authority, local government, mental health facilities, prescription drugs, Alzheimer’s services, and electric generating unit decommissioning costs. The chamber then moved to floor action on several bills. House Bill 144, relating to motor vehicle titles, was taken up first. A House Committee Substitute was adopted, and members discussed that the bill would let insurance companies avoid forfeiting titles for cosmetic damage such as hail damage while still requiring payment for the damage. The bill passed 94-0, and the clincher was applied. House Bill 3, relating to Medicaid reimbursement for pharmacist services, was then explained as allowing Medicaid to reimburse pharmacists for services they already provide, such as strep testing, immunizations, and medication management, without expanding Medicaid or scope of practice. Supporters said it would improve access, especially in rural areas, and the bill passed 93-0, followed by the clincher. House Bill 290, concerning county law libraries, was explained as allowing local bar associations to use their funds for electronic legal research tools, including online subscriptions, computers, and internet access, rather than only books. It passed 94-0 and the clincher was applied. House Bill 84, on local government liability for failure to protect property during riots, generated the most debate. Supporters said it would make the law uniform across jurisdictions and hold governments accountable when they have notice and the means to act but do not; opponents raised concerns about outdated language, possible vigilante implications, and fiscal impact. A floor amendment adding an emergency clause was adopted 81-8, and the bill then passed as amended.

Transcript Highlights:

• Finally, the amendments provided move provisions specifying that the ERF program applies to safe parking
• that they are potentially eligible for CalFresh, with some direction about how to then go apply for
• Others attempted to apply, only to fall through the cracks due to the complex nature of enrollment and
• that only 22% of eligible UC students are enrolled in CalFresh, and the main reason students don't apply
• This is a big reason why many of our network members go far beyond helping students apply for college

Summary: The Assembly Committee on Human Services heard several homelessness, public benefits, and aging-related bills. SB 748 would expand Encampment Resolution Funding to support safe parking sites for people living in cars or RVs, require quarterly reporting from HCD on outcomes, and direct LAO evaluation; supporters said it would help local governments reduce RV encampments while connecting people to housing and services. SB 290 would repeal the CalWORKs immunization sanction that reduces aid when parents cannot provide acceptable proof of a child’s vaccination; supporters argued the penalty unfairly harms families already in poverty and can worsen instability, while no opposition testified. SB 606 would define “functional zero” for overall and unsheltered homelessness and require local jurisdictions to plan for and report on the housing and interim shelter needed to reach that goal; supporters said it would add accountability and focus on reducing unsheltered homelessness, and one group moved from opposition to neutral after amendments. SB 433 would create an income-based room-and-board cap and personal needs allowance for all Medi-Cal assisted living participants in residential care facilities for the elderly, not just SSI recipients; supporters said it would prevent eviction and homelessness among low-income seniors and people with disabilities, and facility groups withdrew opposition or moved to neutral after amendments. SB 761 would require students applying for Cal Grants to be notified that they may be eligible for CalFresh and given information on how to apply; supporters said it would address widespread student food insecurity and low enrollment among eligible students. The committee accepted amendments on the bills, and all of the measures discussed were reported out on 7-0 or similar unanimous votes to the Assembly Appropriations Committee, with the consent calendar also approved unanimously.

Transcript Highlights:

• having a developer apply having a developer apply separately<00:27:15.520> to<00:27:15.840
• > to separately to each pool, they apply to separately to each pool, they apply to the<00:27:17.919
• , talked about how when somebody applies, talked about how when somebody applies, they<00:56:47.599
• So, the same rules apply as they would for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, how you apply for
• <01:15:00.400> for are just projects that have applied for are just projects that have applied

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, I don't know. because they're applying for a permit to because they're applying for a permit to carry
• Shoot-first does not apply equally to all people.
• Shoot-first does not apply equally to all people.
• Shoot-first does not apply equally to all people.
• This law also applies to courthouses.

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• Rule of capture still applies, okay?
• Rules of evidence of apply, rules of procedure, some apply.
• They will have to apply for the operating permit.
• We haven't applied to produce any water.
• That same logic got applied to natural gas and to oil.

Keywords: 1184, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• The benefit to someone coming in to apply for our programs is that it's a one-stop shop, if you will,
• It's a one-stop apply for our programs.
• I didn't want to, like, without it then somebody can still apply.
• HIPAA still would apply.
• It would just be we would be apply.

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• associated requirements such as application or processing fees for its teachers or students, it can apply
• And then the third thing is school districts that pay for the cost can be reimbursed by applying to TEA
• The amount is not changing, so the amount has remained the same, how it was before that applied for the
• And then the third thing is school districts that pay for the cost can be reimbursed by applying to TEA
• Uh The amount is not changing, so the amount has remained the same, uh, how it was before that applied

Summary: The Subcommittee on Academic and Career-Oriented Education met briefly and considered only House Bill 1061, laid out by Representative Bojani. The bill would expand reimbursement for career and technology education (CTE) certification exam costs for students, teachers, and school districts. For students, it removes the current limit of one reimbursement so they can be reimbursed for multiple certification exams if they pass. For teachers, it broadens reimbursement beyond cybersecurity certifications to all CTE-related certifications. It also allows school districts that pay exam-related costs, including application or processing fees, to seek reimbursement from the Texas Education Agency (TEA) through an application process. During questions, members clarified that reimbursement would not be available if an individual failed the certification exam. Representative Schoolcraft asked about how the subsidy amount is determined and how the program is funded; the bill author said the amount is unchanged from current law and said he would follow up on funding details. No one testified for or against the bill. Representative Bojani closed on the bill, and the subcommittee left HB 1061 pending without objection. With no further business, the meeting adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• Every year, organizations apply to HFAC. Every year, organizations apply to HFAC.
• Facilities must provide proof of insurance when they apply for or renew their license, and insurance
• So if this rule applied to the state, then a negligence claim could be asserted against the state, and
• So if this rule applied to the state, then a negligence claim could be asserted against the state, and
• So SB 257 requires all new animal shelters that wish to open in the state to apply for a license and

Bills: SB313, SB296

Keywords: Delaware Health Fund, healthcare access, preventive care, tobacco settlement, public health initiatives, grant program

Summary: The House Health and Human Development Committee met and considered a series of health, human services, and related bills. The committee heard and advanced House Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 13, which standardizes hospital charity care and financial assistance statewide, and Senate Bill 296 with Senate Amendment 1, which restructures the Delaware Health Fund grant process with a more formal, transparent competitive rubric. Both measures received supportive testimony from DHSS, the Delaware Healthcare Association, and the Delaware Nurses Association, and both were released by committee on roll-call votes. The committee also released Senate Bill 313 with Senate Amendment 1, which places a temporary moratorium on acquisitions of nonprofit acute care hospitals by for-profit entities and expands notice/review requirements for sales of hospital real estate; Senate Bill 340 with Senate Amendment 1, which requires long-term care facilities to carry specified liability insurance, with questions raised about the exemption for state-owned facilities; Senate Joint Resolution 20, which directs DHSS to study independent assessment tools for Medicaid home- and community-based services; and Senate Bill 341, which updates Delaware Health Information Network law and formally recognizes DIN as the state’s health data utility. Testimony on these bills was generally supportive, with some discussion on constitutional concerns, insurance coverage, and the rationale for the state exemption in SB 340. Later, the committee advanced Senate Bill 257, which requires new animal shelters to be licensed and inspected before operating and removes a prior exception for certain rescue organizations; and Senate Substitute 1 for Senate Bill 278 with House Amendment 1, which allows earlier pre-authorization for summer child care enrollment and lowers copays for half-day care. Public testimony on these measures came from animal welfare advocates, YMCA representatives, and other stakeholders, all largely in support. Each bill was released by committee, with several votes walked for absent members, and the meeting adjourned after all agenda items were addressed.

Transcript Highlights:

• When applied together, especially in connection to a border county, otherwise exempt activities can be
• Does this apply just to...? This applies to both.
• This will apply to both subchapter A and B. Yes, sir.
• To nine other family members, perhaps that would apply.
• Oh, so this only applies when a family wants to have their family close.

Bills: SB1708, SB2523, SB1450

Keywords: county platting, subdivision platting, Local Government Code Chapter 232, Section 232.022, Section 232.0014, model subdivision rules, Water Code Section 16.343, Texas county subdivision law, residential subdivision, land conveyance, gift deed, family transfer, consanguinity, affinity, third degree relative, five acres or less, county land use, platting exemption, rural land division, property subdivision

Transcript Highlights:

• out the liability shield and revising the exemption in subsection C so that this section shall not apply
• C to state that this section shall not C to state that this section shall not apply<00:01:17.040>
• :17.320> physical<00:01:17.720> copy<00:01:18.000> of<00:01:18.159> an apply
• where a physical copy of an apply where a physical copy of an individual's<00:01:18.840> current<
• We’ll accept DLR’s amendment to require a lottery within a year of vacancy, and then we’ll apply the

Keywords: 912, senate, all

Summary: The Judiciary Committee met on a decision-making agenda and took up a series of bills, mostly accepting committee recommendations with either technical or substantive amendments. HB 472 would allow digitized identification cards to be accepted as valid ID under certain circumstances; the committee amended it to clarify that a physical ID may still be required where state or federal law demands it, and the measure passed. HB 510 on water shortages and emergencies, HB 871 on the effective date of Act 130 relating to the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, HB 1120 on the Department of Health’s nuisance-abatement authority, and HB 1162 on motorcycle instruction permits all passed with amendments or technical changes. HB 544 establishing a pet insurance framework, HB 995 extending reporting time for firearm carry license reports, HB 10002 extending the White Correctional Oversight Commission coordinator term, HB 1093 clarifying the Hawaii Public Housing Authority’s powers, HB 1291 expanding labeling rules for winged brown coffee to roasted coffee, and HB 1348 on public-land recreation leases and county-resident lotteries also passed, with HB 1348 amended to require a lottery within a year of vacancy and to limit renewal conditions. The committee also discussed HB 76, requiring skateboard users under 16 to wear helmets, and HB 1259, which would change how speed limits can be reduced without an engineering study. One member raised concerns about HB 1259, arguing the language could allow unsafe reductions on state highways; the committee noted a no vote from that member, but the measure still passed. HB 76 initially passed as amended, then the committee briefly revisited it after a member said they had intended to vote no; on revote, the bill was adopted unamended. Throughout the meeting, members generally voiced no objections to the remaining measures, and each bill was reported out with the stated recommendation.

Transcript Highlights:

• It means our people, our dollars, apply it to where it's making an impact.
• It means our people, our dollars, apply it to where it's making an impact.
• It means our people, our dollars, apply it to where it's making an impact.
• really works in practice. mean it means our people our dollars mean it means our people our dollars apply
• it to where it's making an impact apply it to where it's making an impact and<00:08:25.800> I'm

Keywords: 958, all

Summary: The Senate Standing Committee on Veterans, Military Affairs, and Public Protection met with a quorum and considered two bills. House Bill 131, sponsored by Rep. Michael Meredith, would give certain former second-class cities more flexibility to change firefighter schedules without a collective bargaining agreement, allowing alternative schedules such as 24-on/72-off and a 48-on/72-off pattern. Meredith said the measure was developed with the Kentucky League of Cities and Kentucky Professional Firefighters and was permissive rather than mandatory. Senators generally supported the bill, noting it would not affect departments that want to keep their current schedules. The committee then heard House Bill 136 from Rep. Jared Bowman, with testimony from Josh Crawford of the Georgia Center for Opportunity. The bill would require more comprehensive annual reporting from the Department of Corrections so lawmakers can better evaluate sentencing, parole, recidivism, rehabilitation, and re-entry outcomes. Supporters said Kentucky currently relies too much on anecdote and incomplete data, and that better information would help direct funding and policy decisions; Bowman also tied the bill to follow-up on last year’s criminal justice reforms. Some members praised the data-gathering effort and discussed possible future tweaks, while one senator criticized HB 5 and said the data should have been collected earlier. Both bills were advanced unanimously by the committee and sent to the Senate floor with favorable consideration. The chair also announced a reminder about the Kentucky National Guard briefing and aerial flight event RSVP deadline.

Transcript Highlights:

• We wanted to make sure that they could actually apply, and that required one-on-one meetings with the
• to be able to uh apply so um to<00:13:51.759> answer<00:13:52.000> a<00:13:52.199>
• so they could actually able to apply so they could actually have<00:15:01.959> a<00:15:02.120
• groups and different languages applied groups and different languages applied who<00:15:55.440><
• and more that others who are applying and more that are<00:26:47.000> applying<00:26:47.480><

Keywords: 1187, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• I will say that there are penalties that are applied, and it mirrors the language that is in AB 82.
• Penalties that are applied and it mirrors the language that is in AB 82.
• I will say that there are penalties that are applied, and it mirrors the language that is in AB 82.
• Penalties that are applied and it mirrors the language that is in AB 82.
• Who does that apply to? How does it get changed? And what are the penalties?

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• And it’s going to apply. I do agree with that.
• We're not applying a rule to a deer area.
• “Yeah, and there are going to be some factors that apply there.
• Yeah, and there's going to be some factors that apply there.
• This was a USDA grant that we applied for.

Keywords: 965, house, all

Summary: The committee met on April 15, 2026, and first took up House Bill 706 by Rep. Riser, which would establish procedures for commercial saltwater disposal wells. Rep. Riser and industry witnesses argued that current Louisiana injection pressure limits are too low and too uncertain for operators to make investments, especially compared with Texas, and said the bill would create a clearer, site-specific process. Department of Conservation and Energy officials said the issue is highly geology-dependent, tied to EPA Region 6 oversight and recent seismic activity in northwest Louisiana, and that they are already developing guidance for operators. They opposed putting fixed pressure numbers in statute, saying it could conflict with site-specific safety reviews and federal primacy. After adopting a technical amendment, the committee discussed the bill at length but the motion to report it favorably failed on a 6-6 tie. The committee then heard House Concurrent Resolution 4 by Rep. McCormick, which would suspend deer baiting restrictions for 18 months in areas affected by chronic wasting disease. McCormick and Hunter Nation representatives argued that baiting bans have not slowed CWD spread in states like Wisconsin, that baiting is important to hunting traditions and rural businesses, and that more food sources may actually spread deer out. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries officials said they were available to answer questions and explained that the resolution would suspend existing feed bans statewide for the period, while a separate measure under discussion would instead reset zones and use a prevalence trigger. Members questioned the science, the effect on current restricted areas, and how the resolution would interact with ongoing CWD management efforts. The committee did not take final action on HCR 4 during the portion provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• does Is that just for the individual or does that<00:44:22.320> principle<00:44:23.080> apply
• to the the the that principle apply to the the the population<00:44:26.280> in<00:44:26.480><
• <00:44:54.960> to the entire proclamation as it applied to the entire proclamation as it applied
• it only applied to that individual. it only applied to that individual.
• So maybe if he had brought the case not as an individual but as a group, then it would have applied to

Bills: SB2109, SB2151

Keywords: emergency preparedness, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, multilingual resources, American Sign Language, public education, community resilience, disaster response, emergency management, governor powers, legislative oversight, public safety, 910, house, all

Summary: The committee on Public Safety met on March 20, 2026, and the chair opened by noting severe rain and flooding conditions in Hawaii and said the committee would proceed with the hearing but defer decision-making until the next meeting on March 25. The first measure discussed was SB 2109, an omnibus bill on emergency preparedness communications. Testimony was overwhelmingly in support, including from state agencies and advocacy groups such as the Disability and Communications Access Board, Hawaii Emergency Management Agency, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, the Legal Clinic, the Hawaii Coalition for Immigrant Rights, and others. Supporters emphasized the need for funding and planning for multilingual emergency materials and language access, citing current evacuation notices that were not available in languages such as Ilokano or Tongan. The chair stated that action on SB 2109 would be deferred until March 25. The committee then heard SB 2151, relating to emergency management and changes to the governor’s emergency authority. Testimony was mixed but heavily focused on concerns about executive power. Earthjustice supported the bill with amendments, saying it should narrow extraordinary emergency powers, add definitions for emergency and disaster, preserve transparency under the Uniform Information Practices Act, and lower the legislative threshold to terminate an emergency proclamation from two-thirds to a simple majority. Other supporters, including the League of Women Voters of Hawaii and some individuals, also backed reform. Opponents, including Hawaii Emergency Management Agency and numerous individuals, argued the bill still gave the governor too much power, used overly broad disaster definitions, and did not sufficiently protect constitutional rights; several urged major amendments or repeal of portions of Chapter 127A. Some opponents specifically objected to the two-thirds termination standard and to provisions they said could enable compulsory immunizations or other mandates. Members questioned Earthjustice about whether the bill would suspend constitutional rights. Earthjustice responded that the bill would not authorize constitutional violations, but would allow suspension of laws enacted by the legislature, and pointed to existing statutory procedures for individuals to challenge emergency proclamations. The witness described a Mauna Kea case in which a three-judge panel granted relief to an individual under the current statute, and explained that the process could potentially affect a broader proclamation if allowed to run to completion. The hearing continued with additional testimony and questions, but no final vote or committee action on SB 2151 was taken during this portion of the meeting.