Video & Transcript : 'rules committee' :

Page 446 of 500
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Rules Committee Feb 4th, 2026

Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • The Senate Rules Committee will come to order. The Senate Rules Committee will come to order.
  • To start off the agenda, I would like to take item one, reference of bills to committees.
  • I would like to take up item one, reference of bills to committees. I'll entertain a motion.
  • I would like to take up item two, the weekly committee schedule for the 2026 legislative session.
  • Committee and will be convening an executive session.
Committee: Senate Rules
Summary: The Senate Rules Committee met to establish a quorum and take up routine agenda items. The committee approved, by unanimous 4-0 votes, the reference of bills to committees, the weekly committee schedule for the 2026 legislative session, and floor acknowledgments for items three through six. Senators Limón, Grove, Laird, and Reyes all voted aye on each item. No substantive bill debate or testimony was presented during the public portion of the meeting. After completing the agenda, the committee adjourned the public session and announced it would move into executive session after a brief pause for the room to clear.
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Senate Rules Committee Feb 4th, 2026

Rules

Transcript Highlights:
  • The Senate Rules Committee will come to order. The Senate Rules Committee will come to order.
  • To start off the agenda, I would like to take Item 1, reference of bills to committees.
  • I would like to take Item 1, reference of bills to committees. I'll entertain a motion.
  • Next, I would like to take up Item 2, the weekly committee schedule for the 2026 legislative session.
  • Committee and convening an executive session.
Committee: Senate Rules
Keywords: 987, senate, all
CA

California 2025-2026 Regular Session

Assembly Floor Session Feb 24th, 2025

California House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Reports of committees will be deemed read and amendments deemed adopted.
  • Committee to the Banking and Finance Committee, then back to the Judiciary Committee.
  • I request unanimous consent to suspend Assembly Rule 56 to allow Judiciary Committee to notice AB 238
  • Assemblymember Gonzales has moved to suspend the Constitution and the House Rules.
  • Suspend this rule to take up this bill without reference to file.
Keywords: 988, house, all
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 16th, 2025

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman Leach offers up that committee substitute.
  • I offer up that committee substitute now.
  • Chair and members of the committee.
  • I'm open to a committee sub and am happy to work with any of the members of the committee.
  • I think we heard in this committee, we voted.
LA

Louisiana 2026 Regular Session

Labor and Industrial Relations May 13th, 2026

Labor & Industrial Relations

Transcript Highlights:
  • If you need to take a call, please take that outside the committee room.
  • So special thanks to the committee staff.
  • We've all sat through this committee.
  • Since the question was brought up, I do rule that these are germane.
  • So I will rule that they are germane to the argument here. Okay.
Keywords: 965, house, all
Summary: The committee first took up Senate Bill 408 by Senator Myers, a workers’ compensation overhaul creating an all-claims medical database, requiring electronic reporting and billing, and setting up confidentiality, rulemaking, and penalties. Senator Myers said the bill was meant to modernize a paper-based system, speed injured workers back to care and work, reduce disputes through a more predictable fee schedule, address outliers and abuse, and generate reliable data for future fee-schedule decisions. Representative Melarine then offered a large amendment package combining portions of House Bills 780 and 1101 into SB 408, adding preliminary-determination procedures, changes to benefit durations, fraud language, and a deadline for the department to establish a fee schedule if no agreement is reached. Supporters said the package would create a more complete reform; opponents argued the additions were rushed, not germane, and would harm injured workers, especially those without lawyers, by adding technical filing burdens and stricter fraud consequences. After debate, the committee adopted the amendment package, then adopted a follow-up amendment removing the word “potential” from a fines provision and deleting the fraud section, and finally reported SB 408 with amendments on a divided vote. Testimony on SB 408 was sharply split. Proponents, including Alton Ashy and Trey Mustian, argued the bill’s transparency and data-collection provisions were the most important part, that the system needs a modern fee schedule, and that the added reforms would help control costs and speed payment. Opponents, including Shannon Lindsay and another injured-worker advocate, said the original bill was a good compromise but the added provisions changed its character and would disadvantage pro se claimants, remove materiality from fraud law, and reduce benefits for seriously injured workers. Committee members also questioned the timeline for the database and fee schedule, the effect of historical data gaps, and whether the reforms would help employers and injured workers alike. The committee ultimately agreed the bill still contained its core goals of faster care, predictable fees, anti-abuse measures, and modernization. The committee then moved to House Bill 585 by Representative Chasson, a workplace-violence/safety measure for small-box discount retailers. Chasson explained that the bill had been narrowed to require retailers to submit an existing written workforce safety plan, or develop one if they do not already have one, with no penalties attached. The committee adopted a substitute bill incorporating prior amendments. Representative Glorioso noted continuing concerns about civil-liability implications and the duty to protect against third-party criminal acts, but the bill was advanced from committee after the substitute was adopted.
MN
Transcript Highlights:
  • under our committee rules, the minority has 48 hours to produce the minority report.
  • </c> that's what this fraud committee did. that's what this fraud committee did.
  • </c> in these in any committee. in these in any committee.
  • We need to have rule of law.
  • We need to have rule of law. We need it. We need to have rule of law.
Keywords: 919, house, all
Summary: House Fraud Prevention and State Agency Oversight Committee Chair Kristen Robbins opened the meeting by explaining that the committee’s majority report had been released after the minority declined to file a minority report, though the minority later issued a statement. She said the report reflects two years of work aimed at exposing fraud, strengthening internal controls, and creating a whistleblower portal, mnfraud.com, which will remain open during the interim to receive and review tips. Robbins and several Republican members described the report as documenting how fraud in Minnesota began with earlier CCAP-related schemes and then expanded into Feeding Our Future and other programs, including housing stabilization, autism services, sober homes, adult day care, assisted living, non-emergency medical transportation, and interpretive services. They argued that fraud was enabled by weak oversight, a culture of inaction, and retaliation against whistleblowers, and said the report includes findings and recommendations for future reforms. Members also highlighted bipartisan bills already passed to strengthen whistleblower protections, internal controls, and fraud reporting. Representative Pam Altendorf and others praised the report and said it exposed widespread misuse of public funds, citing housing stabilization and autism services as examples of programs with rapidly growing costs and weak oversight. Representative Isaac Schultz said the committee had uncovered “industrial-scale” fraud and that the state had failed to hold agencies accountable. He and Robbins said the new Office of Inspector General, created by legislation passed this session and set to begin in January, will have broad authority to investigate public dollars and, later, police powers; they also noted a salary-setting provision for the office would be added to a state government bill. The members said the next governor will need to change the culture of state agencies and enforce accountability.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

HHS-AEN-EIG, HHS, HHS Public Hearings 02-02-2026

Health and Human Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • Thank you, Angela. committee members. Glenn Ha I on behalf committee members.
  • </c> committee. DCCA standoint. committee. DCCA standoint.
  • </c><00:52:20.000><c> I</c> committee. My name is Pete Monacley. I committee.
  • </c> committee to oppose SB 847. committee to oppose SB 847.
  • </c> allow for CMS administrative rules. allow for CMS administrative rules.
Keywords: 912, senate, all
Summary: The joint HHS, Agriculture, Environment, Energy, and Intergovernmental Affairs hearing focused first on SB 2262, a pollution and illegal dumping measure. The Department of Health said it stood on its written testimony, and public testimony included support from CARES with suggested amendments to involve the counties in standardized response planning and to address pollution caused by individuals. Members questioned the bill’s fines, where they would go, and how the department would handle carcasses and illegal dumping enforcement. DOH said administrative fines go to the general fund, criminal fines are collected by the Attorney General, carcasses are generally buried by the landowner under existing rules, and DOH mainly regulates solid waste and coordinates with counties and other agencies when violations arise. After discussion, the chair recommended SB 2262 be passed with substantial amendments. The proposed amendments would add DLNR to the task force, deposit all fines into a special fund to support enforcement, allow fines below $5,000 for littering and higher fines for excessive or chronic illegal dumping, and include a January 30, 2050 effective date. The committee adopted the recommendation, with members voting aye. The hearing then moved to the HHS calendar. On SB 2087, relating to health insurance, agencies including DHS, DCCA, the Attorney General, and Labor stood on written testimony, while several advocacy and medical groups testified in support. One Medicaid recipient opposed the bill, arguing the coverage should be immediate rather than phased in over three years. Angela Melody Young supported the bill but urged amendments to prioritize people with disabilities, kupuna, and mothers. Members questioned whether the rural health transformation program could support the bill’s deductible structure; the Department of Human Services said it was unlikely CMS would allow that level of coverage, though rural funds might help in other ways. The committee then moved on to SB 2089, which would expand services eligible for Medicaid prospective payment system reimbursement, hearing support from OHA, DHS, and others, along with testimony about mental health access and training. The transcript also began SB 2106, relating to health and eating disorder prevention, with a student testifying in support and citing youth eating disorder harms, but the discussion was cut off before any action on that bill.
KY

Kentucky 2026 Regular Session

House Legislative Session Day 32 (2-23-26)

Kentucky House Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • The next order of business is a meeting of the Committee on Committees and the Rules Committee. >> Gentleman
  • and the Rules Committee at the clerk's desk. >> Madam Jackson, House stand in recess for meeting of
  • Committee on Committees and Rules Committee at the clerk's desk. >> House come to order.
  • Next order of business, report of Committee on Committees and Rules Committee. >> Our clerk report. >
  • The<00:40:18.640><c> Rules</c><00:40:18.960><c> Committee</c><00:40:19.240><c> has</c><00:40:19.440><
Keywords: 958, all
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 16th, 2025

Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence

Transcript Highlights:
  • After that, the committee will not be reconvened.
  • the committee completed preparation of the bill.
  • Thank you, members of the committee.
  • Chair to members of the committee.
  • To a committee substitute, and I'm happy to work with any of the members of the committee.
MA

Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Joint Committee on Financial Services Jun 21st, 2026 at 10:30 am

Joint Committee on Financial Services

Transcript Highlights:
  • Welcome to the Joint Committee on Financial Services public hearing.
  • We provide the rules of the game.
  • Any questions, comments, members of the committee?
  • Any questions, comments, members of the committee?
  • Send it to the committee staff and we'll make sure that it's distributed to the rest of the committee
Keywords: 995, all
Summary: The Joint Committee on Financial Services held a public hearing on a wide range of auto insurance and vehicle-related bills. Testimony focused heavily on autonomous vehicle regulation, auto insurance rating by ZIP code, rental car liability coverage, and surcharge thresholds for minor accidents. Representative Polito supported a bill to regulate autonomous vehicle testing and deployment, arguing for school-zone restrictions, slower speeds, a remote kill switch, and minimum insurance requirements to protect the public. Representative Mendez and Senator Payano testified for legislation to reduce racial and socioeconomic inequities in auto insurance pricing by limiting the weight insurers may place on territorial loss costs, while the Mass Insurance Federation and Consumer Federation of America offered opposing and supporting views, respectively, on the fairness and actuarial impact of geographic rating. The committee also heard support for a bill to remove inspection-sticker violations from license-point calculations, and for a bill to raise the damage threshold for insurance surcharges and minor/major accident classifications. A substantial portion of the hearing addressed House Bill 1301 on rental car liability. Enterprise Mobility, the American Car Rental Association, and a small Massachusetts rental company supported the bill, saying personal auto insurers should be primary when their insureds drive rental cars, that Massachusetts is an outlier compared with most other states, and that the change would reduce costs and simplify claims handling. The Mass Insurance Federation opposed the bill, arguing that current Massachusetts law already clearly makes the vehicle owner’s policy primary and that shifting liability would raise costs for private-passenger policyholders. Committee members asked detailed questions about how rental coverage works, whether premiums or rental rates would change, and how other states handle the issue. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to adjust surcharge rules for at-fault accidents, with sponsors arguing that repair costs and vehicle values have risen sharply and that the current thresholds are outdated. Members discussed how the point system affects drivers, whether the proposal should apply cumulatively or per incident, and how Carfax and out-of-pocket repairs factor into consumer costs. At the end of the hearing, the chair noted written testimony could still be submitted and, during a brief personal privilege, recorded support for two underinsurance bills, H. 1109 and S. 748. The committee then moved and seconded a motion to adjourn, and the hearing ended without any votes on the bills themselves.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Environmental Regulation Apr 17th, 2025

Environmental Regulation

Transcript Highlights:
  • the hallway outside of the committee.
  • I'd be happy to work with the committee on anything.
  • Chairman, members of the committee for the- All right, at this time the chair withdraws the committee
  • rules or statutes in place.
  • Unless there is objection, the committee.
FL

Florida 2026 Regular Session

Senate in Session Apr 3rd, 2025

Florida Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • Committee Substitute for Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 480, a bill to be entitled an act relating
  • Committee Substitute for Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 480, a bill to be entitled an act relating
  • Committee Substitute for Committee Substitute for Senate Bill 56, a bill to be entitled an act relating
  • Committee substitute for committee substitute for Senate Bill 56, a bill to be entitled an act relating
  • Committee substitute for Committee Substitute... Welcome to the Florida Senate.
Summary: The Senate opened with prayer, the Pledge of Allegiance, and several recognitions, including state championship athletic teams, visiting chambers of commerce, apprentices, students, and other guests. The chamber then moved through a long third-reading calendar and special order calendar, with no committee reports or executive messages on the desk. A moment of silence was held for Walton County Deputy William Will May, who died in the line of duty. Among the major bills passed was SB 234, which strengthens restrictions on resisting law enforcement officers and increases penalties related to manslaughter of an officer; an amendment clarifying “good faith” in an officer’s duties was adopted, and the bill passed 37-0. The Senate also passed SB 7020 on open government review of certain cybersecurity information, SM 1488 urging Congress to create a U.S. sovereign wealth fund, SB 944 reducing the overpayment claim period for insurers/HMOs seeking reimbursement from licensed psychologists from 30 months to 12 months, SB 878 extending probation treatment options for misdemeanor offenses involving controlled substances, SB 538 updating the state court system, SB 480 expanding nonprofit agricultural medical benefit plans, SB 472 giving correctional education credit toward professional licensure, SB 86/House companion 421 expanding peer support for first responders to include support personnel, SB 164 on vessel accountability, SB 282 on warranty association financial requirements, SB 316 creating Series LLC rules, and SB 384 requiring notice to legislative delegations before municipal annexation of state-owned lands. The most debated measure was CS/CS/SB 56 on geoengineering and weather modification, which Garcia said would prohibit unauthorized atmospheric interventions, create reporting and enforcement mechanisms through DEP, and impose felony penalties; Polsky questioned the bill’s practicality, federal preemption issues, and agency capacity, while supporters said it would address public concerns and close loopholes. The Senate also passed CS/SB 166 on public school administrative efficiency after adopting several amendments affecting school purchasing timelines, third-grade retention exemptions, teacher contracts, certification, facilities planning, and an OPPAGA study of cost-per-student-station limits; senators debated testing, teacher evaluations, and school accountability. At the end of the day, the Senate waived rules to immediately certify all passed bills to the House, received budget process guidance from Appropriations Chair Hooper on SB 2500 and SB 2502 amendment deadlines, and then adjourned until April 9.
TX

Texas 89th Regular

Higher Education Apr 1st, 2025

Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:
  • Members, there is There is a committee substitute. Representative Schaffner offers a committee.
  • Is there objection to the adoption of the committee substitute.
  • Hearing none, the committee substitute is adopted.
  • The chair offers a committee substitute to House Bill 1868.
  • Friend of the committee, John Fitzpatrick from.
TX

Texas 89th 2nd C.S.

Energy Resources Mar 31st, 2025

Energy Resources

Transcript Highlights:
  • House Rules.
  • That committee substitute.
  • Thank you, uh, Chairman, members of the committee.
  • Apologize to the committee.
  • The chair offers a committee substitute.
ID

Idaho 2026 Regular Session

Agenda Feb 24th, 2026

Agricultural Affairs

Transcript Highlights:
  • Chairman and members of the committee.
  • So first of all, I probably have to declare Rule 80... ...recommendation.
  • Chairman, members of the committee. My name is J.W. Wood.
  • Chair, committee members, thank you for the time.
  • Members of the committee, I made a great mistake today.
Keywords: 989, all
TX
Transcript Highlights:
  • Good morning, Madam Chair, members of the committee.
  • have some rules related to those pharmacy ID cards.
  • with reference to a federal rule citation.
  • With no other business to come before the committee, Senator Miles moves that the committee stand in
  • committee?
Keywords: 1185, senate, all
NH

New Hampshire 2025 Regular Session

House Finance Division I (03/21/2025)

Transcript Highlights:
  • So, um, let's have a new rule rule rule here<00:19:57.120><c> among</c><00:19:57.600><c> Republicans.
  • </c> amended which it came out of committee amended which it came out of committee 15<01:55:08.480><c
  • Yeah, it's but it creates the solid waste evaluation committee, the siting evaluation committee, and
  • a committee and not go through rules?
  • Three that they would should come through a committee and not go through rules?
Keywords: 928, house, all
Summary: The committee worked through several HB 2 budget amendments, focusing first on energy-related transfers and then on judicial funding. For the energy item, members discussed moving remaining money from the renewable energy fund into the general fund for the biennium, with later-year amounts going to the general fund rather than ratepayers. They noted the proposal was based on prior House Bill 111 language, that the exact amount was still being worked out with the Department of Energy, and that some language about “incentive payments” was being removed or clarified. Amendment 1211H was moved and adopted on a 5-4 vote. The committee then considered amendment 1040 on the governor’s scholarship fund, which would eliminate the program and sweep uncommitted funds. Members supporting the program argued it helps New Hampshire students afford in-state college and should be reworked rather than repealed; opponents said the remaining balance was limited and the program should be ended. Amendment 1040 was defeated 4-5. The committee then turned to a judicial council request tied to a Franklin Pierce criminal justice clinic that had previously used ARPA funds. Supporters said the clinic cleared 323 cases in nine months, provided training for future attorneys, and could reduce more expensive assigned-counsel costs by helping the public defender system handle cases more efficiently. The amendment would add $100,000 to the judicial council line for that purpose. There was some confusion over the line item and whether the request should be attributed to the judicial branch or judicial council, which was corrected during discussion. Members also discussed a larger issue: the judicial council’s budget request appeared lower than intended because of a possible clerical error in how prior-year funding was calculated, especially after the last budget combined HB 1 and HB 2 funding. The committee compared the public defender line and assigned counsel line, noting that if public defender funding is cut, more cases would shift to assigned counsel, which is more expensive. No final vote on the judicial council amendment is shown in the excerpt.
HI
Transcript Highlights:
  • Aloha, committee. Thank you so much for hearing this bill. My name is Autumn Nes.
  • Aloha, committee. Thank you so much for hearing this bill. My name is Autumn Nes.
  • Aloha, committee. Thank you so much for hearing this bill. My name is Autumn Nes.
  • now as a rule we're requirements right now as a rule we're happy<00:47:03.960><c> when</c><00:47:04.119
  • </c> appropriation value in the committee appropriation value in the committee report<00:58:36.799><c
Committee: House Housing
Keywords: 910, house, all
Summary: The House Committee on Housing held a public hearing on a series of housing bills. HB 1432 and HB 1428 drew support from HHFDC, and HB 1428 also received testimony from Hawaiian Community Assets, which said housing counseling funding is needed to meet demand for financial education tied to affordable housing, and that such counseling can help reduce evictions, prevent foreclosure, and stabilize households. HB 833 on community land trusts received broad support from HHFDC, county housing officials, community land trust representatives, and a local developer; testimony emphasized keeping housing affordable in perpetuity, but also asked for clearer access to financing, longer repayment terms, and inclusion of additional land trusts in the bill. Peter Savio argued that community land trusts are the best way to control demand and keep housing tied to local incomes. The committee also heard HB 19 on the Dwelling Unit Revolving Fund, which HHFDC said should be made permanent because the pilot has been successful, with 81 units in the program and $7.4 million of the $10 million allocation already committed. HHFDC said the fund helps stalled for-sale projects by providing state equity that revolved back when homes are sold. HB 529 and HB 432 were also heard; HB 432 would create a subaccount in the rental housing revolving fund for projects above 60% AMI, and HHFDC said this would help finance housing for households at 65% and 80% AMI. The bill drew support from several housing, business, and industry groups. Several other housing measures were discussed with mixed testimony. HB 419 had HHFDC support, Limby Hawaiʻi opposition, and support from the Grassroot Institute and others; members asked about whether councils approve these projects in one or multiple readings. HB 527 and HB 416 also drew a mix of support and opposition, with questions focused on county approval timelines and whether state-financed projects would still go through normal local review. HB 417 on the rental housing revolving fund prompted questions about how it differs from the Dwelling Unit Revolving Fund and whether it should be more flexible for mixed rental and for-sale projects. HB 418’s proposed working group was noted as potentially unnecessary because HHFDC said a public working group was already being formed. HB 1411 on housing preference raised questions about what happens if a recipient changes jobs, and HB 374 drew an Attorney General’s Office recommendation to remove a duration requirement to avoid possible constitutional travel issues. HB 373 and HB 1492 were also heard, with strong testimony from Peter Savio in favor of a broader trust-based model for affordable housing. No votes or final actions were taken during the hearing.
OK

Oklahoma 2026 Regular Session

Senate Legislative Session Mar 5th, 2026 at 09:30 am

Oklahoma Senate Floor Meeting

Transcript Highlights:
  • It is purely a vehicle that we have in place in case the FAA does any rulings related to drones.
  • Yes, the FAA has to rule on certain things. It may happen while we're in session.
  • It recommended that we have something in place in case a ruling does happen.
  • But it's at the end of the day, if they don't rule, nothing will happen. Follow up. Thank you.
  • President, mentioning that we're we're looking at some Homestead relief in committee right now.
HI

Hawaii 2026 Regular Session

WLA Public Hearing 02-04-2026

Water, Land, Culture and the Arts

Transcript Highlights:
  • </c> member of the committee. member of the committee.
  • Thank you. committee. My name is Emma Olsen on committee.
  • of the committee. I'm Jessica Puff, the of the committee.
  • Ways and Means Committee.
  • Ways and Means Committee.
Summary: The committee heard testimony on Senate Bill 2603, which would designate the Hawaii Symphony Orchestra as the state orchestra of Hawaii. Testimony was uniformly supportive from the Attorney General’s office, the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts, Retail Merchants of Hawaii, Hawaii Youth Symphony, the Hawaii Symphony Orchestra, the Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association, and others. Supporters emphasized the bill’s value to arts education, cultural vitality, and the visitor economy. The chair noted there were also many written testimonies submitted, and the bill was left without questions or action in the excerpt. The committee then took up Senate Bill 2083, which would create a state-owned historic properties preservation plan working group within DNR. The State Historic Preservation Division supported the bill and said it would help create a statewide database and better planning for state-owned historic properties, while noting its current review work is reactive and project-by-project. The committee asked about duplication and existing consultation processes; SHPD said it already reviews state projects under existing law and has in-house architectural staff. The measure was then set aside after brief discussion, with no vote shown in the excerpt. Next was Senate Bill 2341, which would authorize phased review of certain private-property projects and change SHPD’s review deadlines. SHPD and the Office of Planning and Sustainable Development supported the bill, saying it could encourage more proactive, programmatic review and that the current average review time for simple projects is about 56 days. Several opponents, including Sierra Club of Hawaii, Bianca Isaki, Malama Kane Lua, and Tara Roas, argued phased review would delay projects, create conflict, and weaken historic preservation protections, especially for iwi kūpuna and burial sites. Committee members raised concerns about whether the bill conflicted with prior court decisions and asked SHPD for its view; SHPD said it was not a legal question for them and suggested a programmatic alternative. The bill was not voted on in the excerpt. Finally, the committee began hearing Senate Bill 2306 on administrative fees for the Bureau of Conveyances. HGEA opposed the measure, focusing on a provision allowing the special fund to be used for qualified contractors, while the Bureau of Conveyances supported the bill as a fee correction that would equalize recording fees between systems. The bureau said specialized technical work sometimes requires outside contracting and that it could consider a contract period; the chair and members discussed the HGEA concern and asked whether the issue could be addressed. No final action was shown in the excerpt.