Transcript Highlights:

• Another outcome to highlight is the establishment of the Entertainment Equity Alliance in 2022.
• Over 70 participants received union membership with IATSE, the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage
• It has produced the Entertainment Equity Alliance that Allison spoke to, open-source handbooks so that
• It has produced the Entertainment Equity Alliance that Allison spoke to, open-source handbooks so that
• is almost a $350 billion budget, and the budget ask right now that we're asking for is a total of $66

Committee: Senate Joint Committee on the Arts

Keywords: 987, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• in California and the findings were staggering 89% exceeded the legal THC limit under California law 66%
• Rich Miller on behalf of American Alliance for Medical Cannabis Alliance in strong support, a patient-focused
• Collective Association, San Francisco Cannabis Retailers Alliance, Social Equity LA, and the California
• Minority Alliance, all in strong support.
• Rich Miller for Americans for Safe Access and the American Alliance for Medical Cannabis and as a medical

Committee: House Business and Professions

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><03:10:16.720><c> Um,</c> BikeWalk Alliance of New Hampshire.
• Um, BikeWalk Alliance of New Hampshire.
• </c><03:33:25.040><c> bill,</c> the um Northern Border Alliance bill, the um Northern Border Alliance
• </c> whether it occurred somewhere on Route whether it occurred somewhere on Route 101.<03:35:38.160>
• Um to the Northern Alliance initiative.

Committee: House Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• could enable real-time data sharing with law enforcement, assign each user a unique phone number that routes
• I work with CSSJ, Crime Survivors for Safety and Justice, and also ASJ, the Alliance for Safety and Justice
• I happened to come in here last year. ...the Alliance for Safety and Justice.
• Next up, it looks like we have Katie Bonnet, waving in support for the Alliance for Safety and Justice
• Katie Bonnet from the Alliance for Safety and Justice, also waving in support.

Committee: Senate Criminal Justice

Summary: The Senate Criminal Justice Committee met with a quorum present and took up several bills, beginning with SB 350 on public records for crime victims. Senator Graal explained that the bill clarifies victim privacy protections under the Florida Constitution and extends temporary confidentiality to the identity of an officer involved in a use-of-force incident for 72 hours, with a possible 60-day extension by written agency findings. Supporters including Marcy’s Law representatives and the Florida PBA said the measure protects victims and officers while preserving public access, and the committee reported the bill favorably. The committee then heard SB 296 and SB 298, both by Senator Berman. SB 296, as amended, directs a feasibility study for a secure web-based silent alert system for domestic violence victims and expands Florida’s address confidentiality program to dating violence victims. SB 298 similarly extends address confidentiality protections to dating violence victims. Both bills received supportive testimony from advocates, including survivors and organizations such as Florida NOW and the Alliance for Safety and Justice, and both were reported favorably. Members also approved SB 398, which replaces references to “child pornography” in Florida statutes with “child sexual abuse material,” and SB 168, which expands public nuisance law to include gambling houses and increases enforcement tools such as penalties, attorney fees, and foreclosure on unpaid fees. SB 54, as amended, was also reported favorably; the amendment broadened the bill’s scope from “mass shooter” to “violent offender,” clarified medical examiner duties, and added reporting requirements related to toxicology and psychotropic substances. The most debated measure was SB 156, the Jason Raynor Act, which would revise resistance-to-arrest provisions and add an automatic life sentence for manslaughter committed against a law enforcement officer. Law enforcement groups supported the bill, but the Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and some senators raised concerns about removing judicial discretion and eliminating language about unlawful arrests. After debate, the committee reported SB 156 favorably, with Vice Chair Smith voting no. Several other members later asked to be recorded as voting in the affirmative on multiple bills before adjournment.

Transcript Highlights:

• So instead of going the state plan amendment route, which is really a routine process, we were given
• I'm also here on behalf of the Florida Alliance of Children's Councils and Trusts.
• Collectively, the Alliance covers two-thirds of children across the state of Florida.
• I'm also here on behalf of the Florida Alliance of Children's Councils and Truts.
• Collectively, the Alliance covers two-thirds of children across the state of Florida.

Summary: The committee received a briefing from AHCA Deputy Secretary Brian Meyer and Florida Healthy Kids CMO Ashley Carr on implementation of HB 121, which was enacted in 2023 to expand Florida’s KidCare/CHIP eligibility from 200% to 300% of the federal poverty level and replace the sharp premium “benefits cliff” with a tiered premium glide path. Sponsor Rep. Bartleman described the bill as a bipartisan effort to help working families keep children insured while moving toward economic self-sufficiency. The presenters explained that the program remains a joint federal-state structure, with Medicaid unchanged and the bill affecting only the CHIP-related portions of KidCare. AHCA said implementation has been delayed by federal CMS actions. The agency reported that CMS first rejected a state plan amendment approach, then required revisions to the premium tiers under a new maintenance-of-effort interpretation, and later issued a new interpretation of continuous 12-month eligibility that would prevent disenrollment for nonpayment of premiums. AHCA said it submitted an 1115 waiver, but negotiations over special terms and conditions reached an impasse, and the state has filed litigation challenging CMS’s interpretation. Members asked about the cost of litigation, the effect on future bills, the review process for CMS documents, disenrollment and reenrollment rules, and whether any additional legislative action is needed; AHCA said no further state action is needed at this time and that the key issue is the pending federal litigation. Several members and the sponsor emphasized the need for immediate implementation and asked about possible interim relief. AHCA said current coverage remains in place under the preexisting program, that there is a 30-day grace period for premium payment, and that reenrollment does not require a penalty or back payment, though coverage is not active during lapsed periods. The committee also heard public comment from Nicholas Hessing of the Children’s Services Council of Broward County and the Florida Alliance of Children’s Councils and Trusts, who supported HB 121 and said the expansion could make about 17,600 additional children eligible in Broward County alone. The meeting ended with Rep. Bartleman thanking staff and expressing hope that the new federal administration would allow the program to move forward, and the chair adjourned the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• requirements for their development and construction, including high-capacity power sources, freight routes
• You represent the Texas Energy Buyers Alliance and you're for the bill, is that correct?
• Committee, Bryn Baker, Senior Director for the Texas Energy Buyers Alliance.
• Do you agree or disagree that part of the problem is this is when we passed a bill like 66 last time?
• I serve as the executive director of T-Buds. ...of the Texas Advanced Energy Business Alliance.

Bills: HB246 , HB796 , HB 1056 , HB1544 , HB1846 , HB2001 , HB2618 , HB2625 , HB2869 , HB2898 , HB3069 , HB3114 , HB3157 , HB3228 , HJR98 , HB246

Committee: House State Affairs

Keywords: federal directives, state authority, Tenth Amendment, government enforcement, local governance, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions, electronic payment systems, state finance, regulatory compliance, electric trucks, charging infrastructure, advisory council, transportation, sustainability, criminal penalties, official information

Transcript Highlights:

• I am also a member of the Children's Justice Act Task Force of the Granite State Children's Alliance
• I am also a member of the Children's Justice Act Task Force of the Granite State Children's Alliance
• I think a better route would just be to prevent them from being there in the first place.
• </c> difficult um I think a better route difficult um I think a better route would<02:39:47.479><c> just
• One study of 66 sex trafficking victims found that they had a total of 114 abortions.

Committee: House Criminal Justice and Public Safety

Keywords: 1189, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c> for the Hawaii alcohol policy Alliance for the Hawaii alcohol policy Alliance and<00:19:26.520><
• This question is for the Hawaii Alcohol Policy Alliance.
• I think we need to go with this route.
• Next up, Taxpayers Protection Alliance with comments.
• </c><00:55:53.839><c> with</c> have taxpayers protection alliance with have taxpayers protection alliance

Committee: House Consumer Protection & Commerce

Keywords: 910, house, all

Summary: The Committee on Consumer Protection and Commerce met on January 29, 2025, and heard testimony on HB 108, which concerns intoxicating liquor and would expand direct-to-consumer shipping for beer and spirits. Supporters included representatives of Koloa Rum Company, Maui Brewing Company, and Ola Brew, who argued the bill would modernize alcohol laws, help small local producers compete, support jobs and local agriculture, and give consumers more access to Hawaii-made products. They also said Hawaii already has experience regulating direct wine shipments, with age verification and carrier-based delivery systems in place, and that direct shipping could help businesses reach visitors after they return home and diversify beyond tourism. Opposition came from the Hawaii Public Health Institute, whose representative said the bill could increase access for underage drinking, especially because liquor commissions do not currently conduct compliance checks on alcohol shipments and may lack capacity to do so. The group also raised tax-enforcement concerns, saying the existing three-tier system makes excise and sales tax collection easier, while direct shipping would require additional auditing. They urged the committee to oppose the bill or defer it until more research is done, and suggested a common carrier reporting requirement to help reconcile shipments. Committee members questioned both sides about whether current law already allows some alcohol shipments, whether a Kentucky distiller could ship directly to Hawaii, and how reciprocity with other states would work. Supporters said the bill is modeled on wine-shipping language and could be amended to clarify reciprocity, while opponents said the bill lacks a common carrier reporting requirement and would place a burden on county liquor commissions. No vote or final action on HB 108 was taken during the portion of the meeting provided.

Transcript Highlights:

• annually make at larger estimates around universal combined annually make at larger estimates around 66
• We're for 66. Other Florida counties is bad public policy environmentally.
• The route takes them through the entire coastline of Florida, which is why this is so important to us

Keywords: 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• Currently there's only 66 disorders that are included in the newborn screening panel that's mandated
• would expand optometry scope of practice by removing detailed sections of critical language in section 66
• Omission of language from section 66 of Massachusetts General Laws would allow optometry to perform procedures
• I'm also the vice chair of the Thoracic Surgery Group for the NCI-funded Alliance for Clinical Trials
• I'm also the vice chair of the Thrasic Surgery Group for the NCI-funded Alliance for Clinical Trials

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Public Health

Keywords: 995, all

Summary: The Joint Committee on Public Health heard testimony on a wide range of bills focused on children’s health, tobacco control, newborn screening, pediatric cancer, palliative care, and professional licensure. Early testimony highlighted Senate bills to expand newborn screening for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, lysosomal storage disorders, and congenital CMV, with families and clinicians describing severe diagnostic delays, missed treatment windows, and the benefits of early detection. Speakers also supported a bill to improve pediatric cancer research through a dedicated trust fund, and a bill to extend pediatric palliative care services to age 22, with parents and providers emphasizing continuity of care for seriously ill young people. Several witnesses gave personal accounts in support of the newborn screening measures. Families described children who endured years of misdiagnosis before receiving diagnoses such as Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, Pompe disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and CMV, often after irreversible damage had already occurred. Medical and advocacy witnesses said Massachusetts already collects some of the relevant screening data and argued that results should be reported to families, while others urged the committee to add conditions to the state panel because effective treatments already exist. The committee also heard support for a bill to establish a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder program and training for providers. On tobacco and youth health, testimony supported bills to ban internet tobacco sales, strengthen youth protections, and reduce lung cancer deaths through point-of-sale information and quit-line access. A student testified about easily purchasing flavored nicotine products online without meaningful age verification, and public health advocates backed measures to keep tobacco out of children’s environments. The committee also heard testimony on a bill to ensure parents have access to their children’s medical records through age 16, with exceptions for sensitive services already protected by law. The committee additionally took testimony on an optometry licensure bill, where ophthalmologists opposed language they said could broaden scope of practice and allow optometrists to use the title “optometric physician,” while optometry educators and students supported the bill as a modernization measure with no scope expansion. No votes were taken during the hearing; the chair repeatedly reminded speakers of time limits and noted that written testimony could be submitted for additional comments.

Transcript Highlights:

• It passed the House with a vote of 66 to 27, and the bill does not have a Senate companion.
• It passed the House with a vote of 66 to 27, and the bill does not have a Senate companion.
• My name is Caitlin Ryan, and I'm the executive director for the Cannabis Alliance.

Bills: HB1526 , HB1069 , HB1347 , HB2091 , HB2264

Committee: Senate Labor & Commerce

Keywords: liquor license, snack bar, state regulations, alcohol sales, business licensing, collective bargaining, retirement benefits, employee rights, public sector, supplemental benefits, education, funding, student loans, affordability, higher education, public employers, employee information, bargaining representatives, labor relations, union representation

Transcript Highlights:

• So could somebody from staff elaborate on the cost of going to the 66-hour workweek?
• The 66-hour work week, in addition to addressing firefighter mental health and reducing the work week
• I'm Jess Guerra with the Alliance of Los Angeles, and I will keep it short.

Committee: Assembly Budget

Transcript Highlights:

• There are 66 co-authors added. Members, this is a joint resolution. We cannot take a voice vote.
• Ayes 66, noes 0. The resolution carries. It is adopted. The resolution is adopted.
• that is very important is bringing water back to Fourth of July parades and Fourth of July parade routes
• that is very important is bringing water back to Fourth of July parades and Fourth of July parade routes

Summary: The Assembly convened after a quorum call, prayer, and pledge, then moved through a long floor session focused heavily on budget trailer bills, labor agreements, housing, environmental review, and several resolutions. Members also introduced visiting guests, including family members, district staff, Mandela Washington Fellows, and UC Berkeley public policy students. Procedural motions were taken up early, including a successful roll-call vote to suspend rules so certain budget-related bills could be heard without reference to file. The chamber approved several major budget measures. SB 129, the labor trailer bill, passed 56-4 after supporters said it made technical budget adjustments, funded collective bargaining, supported In-Home Supportive Services, and addressed pension and project-related issues. SB 131, the public resources and housing trailer bill, passed 50-3 after extensive debate over homelessness funding, CEQA exemptions, advanced manufacturing, high-speed rail, rural access to funds, tribal consultation, and environmental protections; multiple members voiced support while also urging follow-up changes. The Assembly also adopted SB 139, implementing agreements for professional and operating engineers, by 69-1, and SB 140, implementing the correctional officers’ agreement, by 71-0. Later, AB 130, the housing trailer bill, was taken up on concurrence in Senate amendments after a successful rule suspension; members discussed tribal consultation protections, CEQA reform, prevailing wage, and vehicle miles traveled provisions, with debate continuing as the transcript ended. The Assembly also concurred in Senate amendments to AB 927, extending the Williams inspection window for certain school districts, which passed 70-0. In addition, ACR 16 naming the 10th Street Bridge the POW/MIA Bridge passed 70-0. AJR 9, urging full and consistent federal funding for the National Park Service, drew broad bipartisan support and passed 66-0 after members highlighted California parks’ economic and cultural importance. HR 47, recognizing the Fourth of July and the Declaration of Independence, prompted extended remarks on democracy, civics, immigration, military service, and community celebrations before being adopted by voice vote with 64 co-authors added. The consent calendar was also adopted 64-0.

Transcript Highlights:

• Florida Citizens Alliance. Barbara Devane, Florida Now. Florida Citizens Alliance.
• The second change we'd like to see is that the language at lines 66 through 70 of the bill, we feel,
• Please consider placing a period after the word unborn child in line 66 and deleting the rest of the

Bills: S0164 , S0656 , S0892

Committee: Senate Appropriations Committee on Criminal and Civil Justice

Keywords: wrongful death, unborn child, civil liability, medical provider, parental rights, habitual felony offenders, violent crimes, enhanced penalties, criminal justice, recidivism, 999, senate, all

Transcript Highlights:

• We're going to pass and retain on file item 66.
• Clerk will close the roll, tally the votes, ayes 66. Noes 0, the measure passes.
• transportation, Caltrans, to develop a quick-build program that will quickly and cost-effectively create safe routes
• Lackey, we'll stay with you on to file item number 66, AB. Assembly Bill 486, clerk will read.

Keywords: 988, house, all

Transcript Highlights:

• </c><00:07:48.520><c> thought</c><00:07:48.639><c> it</c><00:07:48.759><c> was</c><00:07:49.759><c> 66
• </c> rate to 044 I thought it was 66 rate to 044 I thought it was 66 something<00:07:51.599><c> no</c
• 00:21:18.000><c> certain</c><00:21:18.720><c> Transit</c> The transit numbers and certain transit routes

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• HCR 66, sir. Whenever you're ready. Thank you, Madam Chairwoman, members.
• And with that, I'll make the motion to move HCR 66 forward. No questions.
• Shelley DuPray with Louisiana Retailers, and Rodney Braxton with the Greater New Orleans Housing Alliance
• I'm getting messages right now from my district office that we've gotten 66 emails opposed to this bill

Committee: Senate Commerce, Consumer Protection, and International Affairs

Summary: The committee took up several House measures. HCR 66, as amended, asked Louisiana Economic Development and the Governor’s Office of Rural Development to study rural parish assets, infrastructure, workforce, and development opportunities, and it was moved forward without objection. HB 387, a clarification to allow the fire marshal’s office to review architectural and engineering plans equally, also passed favorably without objection. HB 1223, which would have LED promote Louisiana’s clinical trial capacity and adjust internal review board processes, was amended and moved favorably. HB 950, aimed at helping older adults recognize and avoid fraud through materials and resources from the Office of Elderly Affairs, was reported favorably. HB 975, a routine measure to recreate the Public Service Commission, was also reported favorably. HB 1186, which would create a more uniform statewide building code and licensing system for inspectors, was amended and moved favorably. HB 1222, described as a Grocery Initiative Act to let LED identify ways to address food deserts and food insecurity, was introduced near the end of the meeting. The most extensive debate centered on HB 617, a consumer transparency bill requiring mandatory fees to be included in upfront pricing. The author said the bill was intended to curb hidden fees and help consumers compare prices, with examples such as hotel resort fees and automatic restaurant service charges. Supporters argued it would improve transparency, while opponents from grocery, restaurant, hotel, housing, retail, and business groups said the bill was too broad, vague about terms like “total price,” unclear on enforcement and penalties, and could create compliance burdens and litigation risk, especially for small businesses. Housing advocates opposed the bill’s housing carve-out, arguing it could weaken renters’ ability to bring unfair-practice claims. Senator Morris moved to defer HB 617, and the committee agreed without objection. The committee also heard lengthy testimony on HB 797, which would create a Bayou Gold certification for certain transactional gold vendors that meet state-defined standards such as segregation, insurance, and nearby storage. The sponsor said the goal was to give consumers confidence and encourage vendors to keep gold closer to Louisiana, while critics argued the program would amount to a state endorsement of private companies, create misleading consumer impressions, and expose the state to confusion or liability. The bill drew opposition from the Sound Money Defense League and others, but the committee ultimately reported HB 797 favorably, with the understanding it still had to go to Finance. HB 1228, a hearing-aid cleanup bill updating definitions, contracts, testing periods, and licensing rules, was also moved favorably without objection.

Transcript Highlights:

• 25,000 people the flexibility to decide whether they want to permit ATVs to use short designated routes
• speed limit of 45 miles per hour or less, and there must be no visible viable alternative public routes
• 33.040><c> viable</c><00:02:33.680><c> alternative</c><00:02:34.680><c> public</c><00:02:35.360><c> routes
• </c> visible viable alternative public routes visible viable alternative public routes um<00:02:37.480
• Parks where ATV use isn't allowed, and so alternate routes would need to be identified in those cases

Committee: House Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy

Keywords: 1183, house

Transcript Highlights:

• 710 Extension Project. is Audit 2025-133, Department of Transportation, State Route 710 Extension Project
• to Senator Perez and Assembly Member Fong for the points raised in your letter regarding the State Route
• The next audit I will consider a motion on is 226-133, Department of Transportation, State Route 710
• The next audit I will consider a motion on is 2026-133, Department of Transportation, State Route 710
• Cortes, aye. 2026-133, Department of Transportation, State Route 710 Extension Project, by Senator Perez

Committee: Joint Joint Legislative Audit

Summary: The committee met as a subcommittee because it initially lacked a quorum, heard a status update from State Auditor Grant Parks, and reviewed several new audit requests. Parks reported that 10 previously requested audits were underway, with most expected to be released in spring/summer and one pesticide audit still pending; he also noted ongoing litigation with Huntington Beach over a 2024 audit. He said the office had grown to just over 200 employees and could start about five new JALAC audits between April and July. The committee also noted that one Prop. 28 request was being held and one PUC-related request was moved off consent to the regular calendar. Senator Cervantes presented an audit request on California fusion centers, arguing they operate with little public oversight and may collect, share, and store sensitive information without adequate transparency or safeguards. Supporters, including former FBI agent Mike German and ACLU California Action, said fusion centers function as secretive intelligence-sharing hubs that can produce inaccurate or biased reports and may undermine privacy and civil liberties. Parks said the audit would examine the State Threat Assessment Center and two local fusion centers, focusing on oversight, legal authority, data quality, unauthorized disclosure controls, use of private vendors, funding, and performance metrics, while warning of likely access and public-disclosure limitations. The request drew sharp opposition from Assembly Member DeMaio, who called it a politicized “witch hunt,” but public comment included support from the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Senator Allen then presented an audit of the Public Utilities Commission’s enforcement of Rule 21 interconnection timelines for customer-sited solar and storage projects. He and witnesses said utilities have repeatedly missed deadlines, causing long delays and added costs for schools, nonprofits, and other customers; CPUC staff responded that the commission adopted timelines and compliance benchmarks in 2020, publishes quarterly data, and is already pursuing the issue through workshops and an open proceeding. Parks said the audit would assess CPUC monitoring, enforcement tools, and reasons for utility noncompliance. Public comment was mixed, with solar advocates supporting the request and PG&E objecting on process grounds and arguing the commission’s ongoing proceeding should address the issue. Senator Perez, with Senator Fong, requested an audit of Caltrans’ administration of the former SR 710 corridor property sales and affordable housing program. They described tenant complaints about mold, pests, deferred maintenance, inconsistent pricing and eligibility information, and possible failures to inform residents of purchase rights; Caltrans said it is working to complete sales and has already closed 59 properties since fiscal year 2024-25. Parks said the audit would examine compliance with the Roberti Act, pricing, appraisals, communications, rent accounting, property maintenance, and follow-up on prior recommendations. Finally, Senator Umberg requested an audit of the Orange County Board of Education, citing transparency, litigation spending, charter authorization, procurement, and whistleblower concerns; after quorum was established, Parks said the audit would review Brown Act and Public Records Act compliance, public resource use, contracting, litigation costs, charter oversight, and retaliation complaints.

Transcript Highlights:

• I represent Evergreen Mountain Bike Alliance, a statewide nonprofit organization that represents mountain
• has authorized the collection of tolls on the following facilities: the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, State Route
• 520 floating bridge, the State Route 99 tunnel, new sections of State Route 167 and State Route 509
• that are part of the Puget Sound Gateway project, State Route 167 high-occupancy toll lanes, the Interstate
• to immediately suspend tolling on facilities that could be reasonably construed to be an evacuation route

Summary: The Transportation Committee held public hearings on three bills. HB 2307 would update the commute trip reduction program by removing the current 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. arrival-time requirement from key definitions, so more employers and shift workers could qualify for CTR benefits. The bill sponsor and several supporters, including Microsoft, transit and transportation nonprofits, local transportation management groups, and city representatives, said the change would modernize the program, improve equity, reduce congestion, and help workers with transportation costs. No one testified in opposition. HB 2374 would distinguish electric-assisted bicycles from higher-powered electric motorcycles, clarify labeling and equipment rules, and direct DOL to convene a work group on enforcement and consumer protection. The sponsor and many supporters, including cities, trail and park organizations, Washington Bikes, and several students, said the bill would address unsafe high-powered vehicles being marketed as e-bikes, especially those used by younger riders, while preserving access to true e-bikes. Some testifiers asked for additional work group members and suggested civil enforcement options for underage riders. HB 2379 would require WSDOT to suspend tolling on facilities that serve as evacuation routes during emergencies such as wildfires or levee breaches. The sponsor said the bill was prompted by constituents facing evacuation while tolls were still being charged; staff noted the fiscal impact would be indeterminate and could reduce toll revenue during suspensions. After the hearings, the committee took executive action on two bills. It adopted proposed substitute H-2771 for HB 1823, which cleans up Transportation Improvement Board provisions and removes obsolete language while retaining remaining bond authority. It also passed HB 2111, which directs interest earned from toll revenues for the Interstate Bridge project to be credited to that project. Both actions were approved by voice vote, 27-0, with two members excused.