Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud State. Um, we don't believe that's fair.
• Cloud State. Um, we don't believe that's fair.
• Cloud State. Um, we don't believe that's fair.
• Cloud State. Um, we don't believe that's fair.
• Cloud State. Um, we don't believe that's fair.

Summary: The Higher Education Conference Committee reviewed differences among the Governor’s, House, and Senate proposals for state grant parameter changes and their effects on state grant spending, North Star Promise spending, and average student awards. Nonpartisan staff explained that the proposals use different combinations of parameter changes, with the Governor’s and Senate plans modeled to avoid or minimize rationing, while the House plan would require rationing to balance the program. Staff reported projected biennium balances of a positive $29.836 million for the Governor’s proposal, a negative $60.758 million for the House proposal without rationing, a positive $994,000 for the House proposal with rationing, and a positive $3.623 million for the Senate proposal; North Star Promise balances also varied, with the Senate showing a positive balance and the Governor and House with rationing showing negative balances. Staff also said the Senate proposal would extend availability of the state grant appropriation and suspend surplus procedures through fiscal year 2029, allowing the balance to carry forward. The committee then focused on the House-only tuition and fee cap provision, which would limit the tuition recognized for state grant purposes for four-year programs to the University of Minnesota Twin Cities level, with 1% annual increases in fiscal years 2026 and 2027. House members said the cap was intended to address rising tuition, especially at the University of Minnesota, and to produce savings in the state grant program. The governor’s office confirmed the provision was not included in the Governor’s bill. Representatives from the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Private College Council opposed the cap, arguing it would reduce awards for low-income students and shift costs to students rather than address underlying tuition pressures; they also said it could discourage enrollment at higher-cost institutions. Supporters from Minnesota State argued the cap would improve fairness because students at lower-tuition institutions are effectively capped lower, while students at more expensive institutions receive larger awards, and they said the legislature should intervene in a variable that has grown substantially over time. Committee members questioned how the cap would work and whether it was tied to the Twin Cities campus rate. Testifiers clarified that the state grant formula is tied to the University of Minnesota level, but because Minnesota State institutions are below that level, the cap effectively limits their students to their own lower tuition while allowing higher awards at the University of Minnesota and private colleges. No formal vote or final action was taken in the portion of the meeting provided; the chair indicated the committee would continue with item-by-item review of the remaining parameter changes and hear additional testimony from agencies and institutions.

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud.
• Cloud.
• Cloud.
• </c><02:04:20.560><c> Cloud.
• Cloud. And uh St. Cloud's about to St. Cloud. And uh St.

Summary: The Select Subcommittee first took up adoption of three previously prepared nonpartisan committee summary reports dated October 15, November 13, and November 21. Senator Rasmusson objected to the lack of advance notice about the day’s testifiers and criticized the practice of having nonpartisan staff summarize what he described as a partisan agenda. The chair responded that the committee’s purpose is to gather information, not hear bills, and that the summaries were intended as neutral resources for the Senate. Senator Coopek moved adoption, the motion was opposed by Rasmusson and another member, and the motion passed. The committee then turned to the day’s hearing on federal impacts on Minnesota, with the chair focusing on federal funding threats and the effect of congressional budget actions on health care, especially in greater Minnesota. The first presentation came from the Minnesota Department of Health on the state’s rural health transformation work. Assistant Commissioner Carol Broom introduced the team and described the rural hospital transformation program as a major opportunity to invest in rural health, while acknowledging longstanding challenges such as demographics, transportation barriers, and the financing of care. Nitha Moibi outlined the state’s rural health chart book and data showing an aging population, workforce shortages, and many health professional shortage areas, and described proposed strategies including workforce pipelines, bridge payments for low-volume birth hospitals, telehealth access points, mental health urgent care, and chronic disease prevention. Acting Assistant Commissioner Anna Ashby of the Minnesota Management and Budget office explained the state’s application to CMS for the Rural Health Transformation Program, which was created in federal law and awarded Minnesota just over $193 million for federal fiscal year 2026. She said the application was shaped by public comments, stakeholder meetings, and legislative outreach, and included initiatives on preventive care, workforce, care access, behavioral health, and provider financial stability. She also reviewed implementation constraints, including a January 30 revised budget deadline, limits on administrative spending, restrictions on using funds to offset Medicaid losses, and the need to show measurable progress to remain eligible for future funding. The presentation noted that most year-one funding would go to rural hospitals, with additional support for federally qualified health centers, community mental health centers, tribal partners, and technical assistance.

Transcript Highlights:

• Achieving this requires highly integrated systems of computers, controllers, and advanced after-treatment
• engine, and the fact that the more recent model years are all heavily controlled by a series of computers
• And obviously there is no computer that does that, but the technology does exist, and it comes in the
• phone dies with your husband's old photos on it, then he better have paid for Google One or Samsung Cloud

Committee: Joint Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure

Summary: The committee heard testimony on House Bill 452, a right-to-repair bill for agricultural equipment. Farm Bureau and several manufacturers’ representatives opposed the bill, arguing that existing memorandums of understanding already provide farmers access to parts, diagnostics, and repair information, and warning that broader software access could increase emissions tampering and safety risks. Supporters, including repair advocates, a legislator, and a farmer representative, argued that the MOUs are not binding, that farmers need enforceable repair rights to avoid costly delays during critical harvest periods, and that owners should be able to repair equipment they bought without dealer lock-in. No vote was taken during the hearing. The committee also heard testimony on bills to limit or eliminate “grab-and-go” alcohol sales at large venues, including House Bill 325 and Senate Bill 225. Union workers from Fenway Park and the TD Garden described self-checkout alcohol kiosks as creating public safety and compliance problems, including underage access, over-serving, theft, and difficulty monitoring intoxication in crowded settings. They said workers are often understaffed and bear discipline when violations occur. In contrast, the Boston Red Sox and Aramark defended the supervised self-checkout model, saying it speeds service, is widely used, and operates with multiple layers of supervision, training, and regulatory oversight; they said they had not received violation notices and that any incidents are isolated. Senator Edwards also testified in support of House Bill 369, aimed at restricting marketing of certain harsh cosmetic products to children, and in support of the grab-and-go bill. She argued that children should not be targeted with products containing toxic chemicals and that alcohol service should remain supervised by trained staff to protect consumers and jobs. Senator Collins and other legislators also spoke in favor of restricting grab-and-go alcohol service, citing concerns about underage drinking and overconsumption. The hearing additionally included a separate bill on Sunday morning alcohol service, with Representatives Scanlon and Lewis arguing for allowing sales beginning at 8 a.m. on Sundays rather than 10 a.m., but that bill was only discussed briefly and no action was taken.

Transcript Highlights:

• It's computers for our staff.
• and licenses for us and then a computers and licenses for us and then a good<03:50:37.920><c> part</
• Uh, can I just clarify, because all of a sudden it seems a little bit clouded, the difference between
• </c><04:11:51.760><c> the</c><04:11:51.880><c> difference</c> little bit clouded the difference little
• bit clouded the difference between<04:11:52.560><c> registration</c><04:11:53.119><c> and</c><04:11:

Summary: The committee heard a presentation from the University System of New Hampshire chancellor on the system’s budget, enrollment, finances, workforce role, and response to federal policy changes. The chancellor said the governor’s recommended budget would reduce university system funding by about $16.5 million over the biennium, or roughly 8.3%, and asked that state funding be held at the governor’s level. She described planned cost reductions already underway, including lower headcount, reduced benefits and retirement contributions, property sales, and lease reductions, and said the system expects to remove about $20 million from its cost structure in fiscal year 2026. A large portion of the discussion focused on enrollment and finances. The chancellor said fall 2024 enrollment was about 23,000, with New Hampshire enrollment increasing for the first time since 2013, and noted that the system remains a major workforce pipeline, with about 3,000 graduates entering the state workforce each year. She explained that net tuition has fallen over time because of declining enrollment and increased financial aid, while research grants and contracts have grown significantly. She also walked through endowment funding, explaining that payouts are based on a 12-quarter rolling average and are intentionally smoothed to reduce volatility; members asked for follow-up information on payout comparisons, administrative salaries, headcounts, and compensation per student. Members questioned the university about the relationship between state support, tuition, endowments, and research spending. The chancellor said the system has used state capital support to leverage major investments, including the UNH Life Sciences building, Plymouth’s Hyde Hall, and the Olson Advanced Manufacturing Center, and described partnerships with businesses such as Lonza and regional manufacturers. She also explained a long-running New Hampshire 529-related revenue stream that has built endowment support for scholarships, and said the system’s endowment now totals about $988 million. In response to questions about possible cuts, she said the system is considering academic program sharing, consolidation of specialties, online delivery, AI-assisted administrative efficiencies, and footprint reductions, but declined to name specific programs. The committee also discussed DEI-related issues and federal grants. The chancellor said the system is reviewing executive orders and a U.S. Department of Education Dear Colleague letter, and that general counsel is working through websites, programs, and more than 1,200 federal grants to ensure compliance. She said the system spends about $3 million on what it calls DEI-related offices and services, but emphasized that these services include disability support, veteran support, Title IX, ADA, and employment-law compliance, and that the system does not have race-based programs, separate housing, or separate graduation ceremonies. She reported that the system had received stop-work orders on four federal grants totaling about $700,000 and warned that reductions in federal direct or indirect costs could affect research, jobs, and innovation.

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud, Minnesota, for a few years and at Lake View Hospital in Stillwater, Minnesota.
• Cloud, Minnesota, for a few years and at Lake View Hospital in Stillwater, Minnesota.
• Cloud, Minnesota, for a few years and at Lake View Hospital in Stillwater, Minnesota.
• Cloud, Minnesota, for a few years and at Lake View Hospital in Stillwater, Minnesota.
• Cloud Fire Department who had been St.

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud last year.
• Cloud last year.
• Cloud last year.
• Cloud last year.
• Cloud? >> Dr.

Committee: House Higher Education Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• We're only looking at things that are on the ground and then making sure that they do have cloud seeding
• equipment and they're a cloud seeding plane.

Committee: House Special Committee on Intergovernmental Affairs

Summary: The Special Committee on Intergovernmental Affairs met in executive session and considered House Bill 2656, along with a House committee substitute that also covered HB 2388. A substitute ending in 0.04C was proposed and adopted after explanation of its changes, including replacing the term “entity” with “person,” narrowing reporting requirements, focusing the bill on ground-based cloud seeding activities and equipment, and revising enforcement provisions. The substitute retained criminal penalties for violations, including a misdemeanor for a first offense, a low-level felony for a second offense, and felony treatment if injuries result, while removing civil penalties and instead allowing damages actions. After adopting the substitute, the committee moved the House Committee Substitute for HB 2656 and 2388 do pass. The motion was approved on a roll call vote of eight ayes and three noes. The meeting then adjourned.

Transcript Highlights:

• We're only looking at things that are on the ground and then making sure that they do have cloud seating
• equipment and they're a cloud seating plane.

Committee: House Special Committee on Intergovernmental Affairs

Transcript Highlights:

• the hearing, but due to some concerns that some people had in separating weather modification and cloud
• seeding from solar geoengineering, I worked with all the invested parties. ...weather modification and cloud

Committee: House Ways and Means

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud public schools are not in deficit because their superintendent, who is both incredibly skilled
• Cloud public schools are not in deficit because their superintendent, who is both incredibly skilled
• Cloud public schools are not in deficit because their superintendent, who is both incredibly skilled
• Cloud public schools are not in deficit because their superintendent, who is both incredibly skilled
• Cloud public schools are not in deficit because their superintendent, who is both incredibly skilled

Bills: HF2274 , HF1932

Committee: Senate Taxes

Keywords: taxation, income tax, property tax, corporate tax, homestead credit, local government aid, tax credits, economic development, taxpayer assistance, tax credit outreach, tax preparation, free tax help, IRS, Department of Revenue, general fund appropriation, earned income tax credit, child tax credit, volunteer income tax assistance, VITA, low-income taxpayers

Transcript Highlights:

• are managing their IT delivery and their applications by having them hosted by a vendor in a public cloud
• a</c><00:14:21.839><c> in</c><00:14:22.079><c> a</c><00:14:22.240><c> public</c><00:14:22.480><c> cloud
• </c><00:14:23.279><c> you</c> By a vendor in a public cloud, you know, the Amazons, the Microsofts, the
• It's our data, but it's going to be in their cloud, and they're going to have responsibilities to us
• It's our data, but it's going to be in their cloud, and they're going to have responsibilities to us

Summary: The subcommittee heard a budget overview from the Kentucky Court of Justice focused on mandated services and several growth items in the judicial branch budget. Court officials said the requests were driven by legal and contractual obligations, including higher contractor rates for court interpreters and IT support, annual software-as-a-service costs, and upgrades to the court’s audiovisual record system (JAVS). They also discussed local facilities needs tied to Jefferson County lease space and the Boyle County Courthouse, though the bulk of the presentation centered on the court’s technology and service-delivery costs. Members asked detailed questions about interpreter services, including whether services are provided in person, by phone, or by Zoom, and whether Kentucky could train and certify more local interpreters instead of relying on contractors from around the country. Court officials said the certification process is rigorous, that the branch is working with the National Center for State Courts on an apprenticeship program, and that they believe Kentucky may have flexibility to develop state-level certification if it meets court needs. They also said they are exploring technology and AI tools for translation, but have not found a solution that reliably handles complex courtroom context. Representative Sharp asked whether cases had been delayed for lack of interpreters; officials said they could provide aggregated data later. The court also described its major IT modernization effort, including a statewide case management system, e-filing, and maintenance of many legacy applications. Officials said contractor rates need to be raised to compete for skilled labor during the implementation phase, but that those costs should decline once the new systems are fully built and only maintained. They explained that part of the request covers three SaaS initiatives: ongoing subscription costs for existing systems, annual fees for the CaseWorks system used in pretrial and specialty courts after federal grant funding ends, and adoption of DocuSign to streamline invoicing, procurement, and contract execution. In response to questions from Representative KC Carney, they said cybersecurity is taken seriously, that they recently conducted a tabletop exercise, and that some risk shifts to cloud vendors under contract, though no separate cybersecurity line item was included. A substantial portion of the discussion focused on the JAVS audiovisual court-record system. Court officials said not all courtrooms are on the same version, and they want funding to bring all locations up to the current version and prepare for version 9, which they said would standardize the system statewide and support the official court record. When asked about costs, they said each upgrade can cost about $70,000 to $80,000 per system, that they aim to upgrade about 50 per year, and that the request reflects the need to keep pace with a four-year refresh cycle. No votes or formal actions were taken during the meeting.

Transcript Highlights:

• Um, so, uh, I'm not trying to be a dark cloud, but I do have some concerns, um, with the current MEU—uh
• Um, so, uh, I'm not trying to be a dark cloud, but I do have some concerns, um, with the current MEU—uh
• Um, so, uh, I'm not trying to be a dark cloud, but I do have some concerns, um, with the current MEU—uh
• Um, so, uh, I'm not trying to be a dark cloud, but I do have some concerns, um, with the current MEU—uh
• Um, so, uh, I'm not trying to be a dark cloud, but I do have some concerns, um, with the current MEU—uh

Summary: The work session focused on HB 54, which would allow New Hampshire’s alternative treatment centers to operate for profit. Chair David Nagel opened by identifying the main concerns: whether members agreed with the bill conceptually, whether the proposal could be shaped to avoid a gubernatorial veto, and whether it could lead to “big cannabis” taking over. He also emphasized that the bill would not change the existing oversight structure, which remained under RSA 126-X. Representative Wendy Thomas said the governor’s objections in past sessions appeared to center on the state’s preference for a state-run model and broader policy concerns, but no one present knew the current governor’s position. Several speakers argued the bill was primarily about financing and access, not expanding the number of dispensaries. Matt Simon of Granite Leaf Cannabis said the current nonprofit structure makes it difficult to raise capital, pay down debt, and open additional access points, and that the bill would be a corporate restructuring rather than a change in day-to-day regulation. Brandon Pollock of TASCAL Wellness said medical cannabis programs in most other states are for-profit, and that New Hampshire’s nonprofit requirement has left ATCs burdened with high-interest debt and higher prices that push patients to Maine, Vermont, or the street market. He said converting to for-profit status could allow conventional financing, lower prices, and help keep patients in the regulated program. Members also discussed whether for-profit ownership would invite outside corporate control. Witnesses said the bill would not open the market to new operators, would not change advertising rules, and would include restrictions on ownership transfers for a period of time; “foreign corporation” was explained as an out-of-state entity. One speaker noted that the bill is similar to earlier versions that passed both chambers with strong support but never became law. No vote was taken during the work session; the discussion was informational and aimed at addressing concerns before the bill moved forward.

Transcript Highlights:

• Our satellites will, and other satellites already do, deliver their satellite data into our cloud and
• introducing three: space lasers, a new Earth observation phenomenology, and advanced rendering software in a cloud-based
• through our novel approach to cutting-edge software, offering seamless access and analysis in the cloud
• working on today is we're busy ingesting all of the state's LiDAR acquisitions from the past into one cloud-based

Committee: Senate Military and Veterans Affairs, Space, and Domestic Security

Summary: The committee met to hear presentations on Florida’s space economy and related infrastructure. SpaceX Vice President Kiko Donchev described the company’s Florida operations, launch cadence, reusable rocket program, Starlink service, and plans for future Starship activity at the Cape. Senators asked about Florida employment, expansion plans, satellite lifetimes, disaster-relief uses of Starlink, and recreational connectivity; members also praised SpaceX’s hurricane response and broader public benefits. Donchev said SpaceX’s Florida workforce has grown to about 1,600 and that the company hopes to add Starship pads and continue expanding in the state. The committee then recognized Commander Dennis Baker for his military service and veteran advocacy, including his leadership of the Florida Veterans Foundation, grant work, the Walk of Honor, and the Gadsden Flag license plate program. Members highlighted that revenue from the plate helps fund veterans’ dental care and noted upcoming dental services for veterans in Volusia County. Baker received a flag flown over the Capitol and a framed gubernatorial proclamation. Newview CEO Clint Grumman presented the company’s commercial satellite LiDAR mapping system, describing its Lake Nona headquarters, Florida ownership, planned jobs, and applications for infrastructure planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. He said the company’s satellite data could improve accuracy and lower costs, and noted partnerships including a Department of Defense contract and a European Space Agency moon-mapping effort. Space Florida then outlined its role as the state’s aerospace finance and business development authority, emphasizing its pipeline of projects, spaceport improvement program, workforce academy, and efforts to address infrastructure constraints and seek tax-exempt bond authority for spaceports. NASA’s Kelvin Manning closed with an update on Kennedy Space Center, highlighting Artemis progress, rising launch demand, commercial partnerships, economic impact, and the Florida University Space Research Consortium. No bills were voted on, and the meeting adjourned after comments from members.

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud, St. Augusta, Waite Park, the east side of St. Joe, and St. Joe Township.
• </c> second term I represent South St Cloud second term I represent South St Cloud St<00:03:53.959><c
• instead of putting the data in a government cloud.
• instead of putting the data in a government cloud.
• </c><01:42:08.320><c> space</c> say a warehouse space or a cloud space say a warehouse space or a cloud

Committee: House Health Finance and Policy

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud<00:10:13.760><c> public</c><00:10:14.080><c> schools,</c><00:10:14.440><c> who</c><00:10:14.600
• , who as you know is Cloud public schools, who as you know is incredibly<00:10:15.720><c> competent</
• Cloud area is doing well in this St.
• Cloud. Cloud. Cloud. Thank<00:10:50.000><c> you.
• </c> who was a student at uh Saint Cloud who was a student at uh Saint Cloud State<00:43:11.920><c> University

Committee: Senate Higher Education

Transcript Highlights:

• Cloud and Rochester.
• Cloud, and in Rochester. Mr.
• Cloud and Rochester.
• Cloud, and in Rochester.
• Cloud, and in Rochester. Mr.

Committee: Senate Jobs and Economic Development

Transcript Highlights:

• some of those exclusions are electronic mail, text messages, video conferencing, teleconferencing, cloud
• My name is Aidan Downey, A-I-D-A-N D-O-W-N-E-Y, here on behalf of the Computer and Communications Industry
• It felt like living under a cloud, one that never lifted.

Bills: AB52 , AB76 , AB163 , AB388 , AB483

Committee: Assembly Commerce and Labor

Transcript Highlights:

• Representative Cloud, would you carry the bill? Representative Cloud, would you carry the bill?

Committee: House Judiciary

Summary: The House Judiciary Committee met with a quorum and took up Senate Bill 2224, which had been reviewed by a subcommittee. Representative McLeod reported that the subcommittee unanimously recommended amendment version 0107, incorporating several changes: a word change adding “paper,” inclusion of executive hearings, revision of subsection 3 to remove administrative procedure and use district court instead, and a 30-day appeal period to district court with a citation to section 28-32-49. Legislative Council staff was present to answer questions about the code language. The committee first voted on the amendments, with Representative McLeod moving adoption of version 0107 and Representative Schneider seconding. The motion to amend passed 13-0, with one member absent and not voting. The committee then considered the bill as amended, and Representative Wolff moved a do pass recommendation, seconded by Representative Schneider. On the final vote, the committee approved Senate Bill 2224 as amended by a 13-0 roll call vote, again with one member absent and not voting. Representative McLeod was designated to carry the bill. The meeting then adjourned after some brief informal comments about keeping nameplates.

Transcript Highlights:

• The second item before you is the Broadcom Computer Associates Integrated Database Management System,
• Pre-written computer software refers to computer programs not designed to the specifications of any single
• now fully tax pre-written software when electronically delivered and run locally on the customer's computer
• These are tools that include cybersecurity services, payroll systems, cloud computing, productivity software

Summary: The committee opened with the State Controller’s Office May Revision requests, including funding for Fiscal book-of-record stabilization, a Broadcom IDMS licensing adjustment, the California State Payroll System, ACFR reporting automation, and $3 million for unclaimed property outreach. Testimony emphasized progress on Fiscal becoming the state’s accounting book of record in July, faster ACFR publication, and the move to electronic unclaimed property claims. Members asked about the size of the unclaimed property fund and how quickly money is transferred to the General Fund; the Controller’s office said about $15 billion is held, with most excess transferred regularly, and the LAO noted the fund is the General Fund’s fourth-largest revenue source. No concerns were raised by Finance or the LAO, and the item was closed after no public comment. The committee then heard the administration’s proposal to tax prewritten digital software and software-as-a-service, with Finance saying it would modernize sales tax treatment and raise an estimated $450 million General Fund and $560 million local revenue in 2026-27. The LAO supported modernizing the tax but suggested broader digital goods coverage and a business-use exemption; industry and taxpayer groups opposed the proposal, warning of higher costs for consumers and businesses. Members also heard CDTFA’s administrative request tied to the proposal, plus a separate CDTFA budget reduction reflecting lower operational needs; that reduction was presented as a savings item and drew positive reactions. Next, the committee considered federal conformity for “Trump accounts,” which would align California tax treatment with federal rules for tax-deferred children’s accounts and avoid tracking burdens for families. The LAO recommended approval, and the item drew no opposition. The committee also heard a proposal to cut the first-year $800 annual business tax to $400 for LLCs, LPs, and LLPs; Finance argued it would lower startup costs and encourage new business formation, while the LAO said the benefit was not well targeted and could subsidize entities that would form anyway. Members discussed the policy tradeoff, and public commenters split between support for small business relief and concern about revenue loss. The final major revenue item was a permanent business tax credit limitation, capping credits at the greater of $5 million per corporation or 50% of pre-credit liability, while excluding the low-income housing tax credit and personal income tax credits. Finance said it would raise significant revenue from large profitable corporations, and the LAO said it was a reasonable option but noted it would mainly affect the R&D credit and could have future implications for programs like California Competes. Public testimony was sharply divided, with business groups opposing the cap and anti-poverty advocates supporting it as a way to recapture revenue. The committee also heard FTB’s CalFile realignment request, which would return most of the direct-file-related resources to the General Fund while retaining a smaller staff to improve CalFile, and the California Arts Council’s request to reauthorize the Keep Arts in Schools voluntary contribution fund, which members and advocates supported despite relatively modest annual donations. The hearing continued with GoBiz proposals on civic media funding, CA RISE reappropriation, and a semiconductor facility reversion, with the LAO supporting the latter two and members raising questions about the civic media program’s scope, outreach, and inclusion of broadcast and ethnic media.

Transcript Highlights:

• to the trading post and get only half for the weight of mountains and lightning, half for woolly clouds
• Full for a woolly cloud spun into horizontal lines on her lap.”
• “Woolly cloud spun into horizontal lines on her lap, full for her creation, laid down one line at a time

Summary: The Arizona House and Senate held the joint protocol session for the 31st Annual Indian Nations and Tribes Legislative Day, opening with a tribal blessing, presentation of the colors, the national anthem, and the Pledge of Allegiance. House Speaker Steve Montenegro and Senate President Warren Petersen welcomed tribal leaders, elders, and guests, emphasizing the importance of government-to-government collaboration, tribal sovereignty, and the role of Arizona’s 22 federally recognized tribes in issues such as water, energy, infrastructure, public safety, and economic development. The tribal address was delivered by Fort Mojave Chairman Timothy Williams, who focused heavily on Colorado River water rights, drought, climate change, and the need to include tribes in any future river management framework as current guidelines expire. He also discussed tribal economic development, education, public safety, border security, and the importance of protecting culture, language, land, and water. Thana Autumn Nation Chairman Verlin Jose similarly stressed unity, tribal sovereignty, border issues, water stewardship, and the economic impact of tribal gaming, arguing that tribes should be full partners in state and federal policy discussions and opposing a fixed border wall. Dr. Laura Tohi of the Navajo Nation gave a poetry reading and spoke about her background, the importance of language and oral tradition, and her role as Arizona State Poet Laureate. Her poems centered on food, water, weaving, and homeland. The session concluded with closing remarks from legislative leaders thanking participants for their perspectives and contributions, and the joint protocol session was dissolved. No votes or formal legislative actions were taken.